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Mahmoodpour M, Kiasari BA, Karimi M, Abroshan A, Shamshirian D, Hosseinalizadeh H, Delavari A, Mirzei H. Paper-based biosensors as point-of-care diagnostic devices for the detection of cancers: a review of innovative techniques and clinical applications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1131435. [PMID: 37456253 PMCID: PMC10348714 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1131435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and rapid progression of cancer are major social problems. Medical diagnostic techniques and smooth clinical care of cancer are new necessities that must be supported by innovative diagnostic methods and technologies. Current molecular diagnostic tools based on the detection of blood protein markers are the most common tools for cancer diagnosis. Biosensors have already proven to be a cost-effective and accessible diagnostic tool that can be used where conventional laboratory methods are not readily available. Paper-based biosensors offer a new look at the world of analytical techniques by overcoming limitations through the creation of a simple device with significant advantages such as adaptability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of use, large surface-to-volume ratio, and cost-effectiveness. In this review, we covered the characteristics of exosomes and their role in tumor growth and clinical diagnosis, followed by a discussion of various paper-based biosensors for exosome detection, such as dipsticks, lateral flow assays (LFA), and microfluidic paper-based devices (µPADs). We also discussed the various clinical studies on paper-based biosensors for exosome detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mahmoodpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, The University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Merat Karimi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Arezou Abroshan
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Danial Shamshirian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Hosseinalizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Delavari
- Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Sweeney RE, Nguyen V, Alouidor B, Budiman E, Wong RK, Yoon JY. Flow Rate and Raspberry Pi-based Paper Microfluidic Blood Coagulation Assay Device. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2019; 19:4743-4751. [PMID: 32863779 PMCID: PMC7450985 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2019.2902065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring blood coagulation in response to an anticoagulant (heparin) and its reversal agent (protamine) is essential during and after surgery, especially with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A current clinical standard is the use of activated clotting time (ACT), where the mechanical movement of a plunger through a whole blood-filled channel is monitored to evaluate the endpoint time of coagulation. As a rapid, simple, low-volume, and cost-effective alternative, we have developed a paper microfluidic assay and Raspberry Pi-based device with the aim of quantifying the extent of blood coagulation in response to varying doses of heparin and protamine. The flow rate of blood through the paper microfluidic channel is automatically monitored using Python-coded edge detection algorithm. For each set of assay, 8 μL of fresh human whole blood (untreated and undiluted) from human subjects is loaded onto each of 8 sample pads, which have been preloaded with varying amounts of heparin or protamine. Total assay time is 3-5 minutes including the time for sample loading and incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E Sweeney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Unchained Labs, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Vina Nguyen
- Perfusion Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Medical Pharmacology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Pacific Life Lines, San Carlos, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Alouidor
- Perfusion Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Medical Pharmacology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Budiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Raymond K Wong
- Perfusion Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Medical Pharmacology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA`
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Zhang J, Fan ZH. A universal tumor cell isolation method enabled by fibrin-coated microchannels. Analyst 2017; 141:563-6. [PMID: 26568434 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a simple but effective strategy to capture tumor cells using fibrin-immobilized microchannels. It is a universal method since it shows an ability to capture both epithelial and mesenchymal tumor cells. The cell capture efficiency is up to 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Z Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. and J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Li H, Han D, Pauletti GM, Steckl AJ. Blood coagulation screening using a paper-based microfluidic lateral flow device. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:4035-41. [PMID: 25144164 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00716f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple approach to the evaluation of blood coagulation using a microfluidic paper-based lateral flow assay (LFA) device for point-of-care (POC) and self-monitoring screening is reported. The device utilizes whole blood, without the need for prior separation of plasma from red blood cells (RBC). Experiments were performed using animal (rabbit) blood treated with trisodium citrate to prevent coagulation. CaCl2 solutions of varying concentrations are added to citrated blood, producing Ca(2+) ions to re-establish the coagulation cascade and mimic different blood coagulation abilities in vitro. Blood samples are dispensed into a paper-based LFA device consisting of sample pad, analytical membrane and wicking pad. The porous nature of the cellulose membrane separates the aqueous plasma component from the large blood cells. Since the viscosity of blood changes with its coagulation ability, the distance RBCs travel in the membrane in a given time can be related to the blood clotting time. The distance of the RBC front is found to decrease linearly with increasing CaCl2 concentration, with a travel rate decreasing from 3.25 mm min(-1) for no added CaCl2 to 2.2 mm min(-1) for 500 mM solution. Compared to conventional plasma clotting analyzers, the LFA device is much simpler and it provides a significantly larger linear range of measurement. Using the red colour of RBCs as a visible marker, this approach can be utilized to produce a simple and clear indicator of whether the blood condition is within the appropriate range for the patient's condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA 45221.
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Harris LF, Castro-López V, Killard AJ. Coagulation monitoring devices: Past, present, and future at the point of care. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
In this review we discuss how nanomaterials can be integrated in diagnostic paper-based biosensors for the detection of proteins, nucleic acids and cells. In particular first the different types and properties of paper-based nanobiosensors and nanomaterials are briefly explained. Then several examples of their application in diagnostics of several biomarkers are reported. Finally our opinions regarding future trends in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Parolo
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanotecnologia, CIN2 (ICN-CSIC), Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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Meyer Dos Santos S, Zorn A, Guttenberg Z, Picard-Willems B, Kläffling C, Nelson K, Klinkhardt U, Harder S. A novel μ-fluidic whole blood coagulation assay based on Rayleigh surface-acoustic waves as a point-of-care method to detect anticoagulants. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:56502. [PMID: 24404078 PMCID: PMC3799685 DOI: 10.1063/1.4824043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A universal coagulation test that reliably detects prolonged coagulation time in patients, irrespective of the anticoagulant administered, has not been available to date. An easily miniaturised, novel μ-fluidic universal coagulation test employing surface acoustic waves (SAW) is presented here. SAW was employed to instantly mix and recalcify 6 μl citrated whole blood and image correlation analysis was used to quantify clot formation kinetics. The detection of clinically relevant anticoagulant dosing with old anticoagulants (unfractionated heparin, argatroban) and new anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban) has been tested and compared to standard plasma coagulation assays. The applicability of this novel method has been confirmed in a small patient population. Coagulation was dose-proportionally prolonged with heparin, argatroban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban, comparable to standard tests. Aspirin and clopidogrel did not interfere with the SAW-induced clotting time (SAW-CT), whereas the strong GPIIb/IIIa-inhibitor abciximab did interfere. Preliminary clinical data prove the suitability of the SAW-CT in patients being treated with warfarin, rivaroxaban, or dabigatran. The system principally allows assessment of whole blood coagulation in humans in a point-of-care setting. This method could be used in stroke units, emergency vehicles, general and intensive care wards, as well as for laboratory and home testing of coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Meyer Dos Santos
- J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 60590 Frankfurt
| | - Anita Zorn
- J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 60590 Frankfurt
| | | | - Bettina Picard-Willems
- J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 60590 Frankfurt
| | - Christina Kläffling
- J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Center for Internal Medicine-Cardiology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 60590 Frankfurt
| | - Karen Nelson
- J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 60590 Frankfurt
| | - Ute Klinkhardt
- J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 60590 Frankfurt
| | - Sebastian Harder
- J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 60590 Frankfurt
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Gubala V, Harris LF, Ricco AJ, Tan MX, Williams DE. Point of Care Diagnostics: Status and Future. Anal Chem 2011; 84:487-515. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2030199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 832] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gubala
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Leanne F. Harris
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Antonio J. Ricco
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ming X. Tan
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - David E. Williams
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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