1
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Uredi D, Burra AG, Watkins EB. Rapid Access to 3-Substituted Pyridines and Carbolines via a Domino, Copper-free, Palladium-Catalyzed Sonogashira Cross-Coupling/6π-Aza Cyclization Sequence. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17748-17761. [PMID: 34846892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a one-pot, three-component method for the preparation of 3-substituted pyridines and carbolines via copper-free, palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling with aryl iodides, followed by 6π-aza cyclization. This arylation cross-coupling/annulation cascade provides easy access to substituted, fused pyridines from readily available substrates in good yields (67-92%) with complete selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilipkumar Uredi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacometrics and Molecular Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Union University, Jackson 38305, Tennessee, United States
| | - Amarender Goud Burra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacometrics and Molecular Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Union University, Jackson 38305, Tennessee, United States
| | - E Blake Watkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacometrics and Molecular Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Union University, Jackson 38305, Tennessee, United States
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2
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Neto JSS, Zeni G. Transition Metal‐Catalyzed and Metal‐Free Cyclization Reactions of Alkynes with Nitrogen‐Containing Substrates: Synthesis of Pyrrole Derivatives. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose S. S. Neto
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratório de Síntese Reatividade Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, CCNEUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900 Brazil
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3
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Manta S, Kollatos N, Mitsos C, Chatzieffraimidi GA, Papanastasiou I, Gallos JK, Komiotis D. Multicomponent Reaction of Aldehydes, Amines and Oxalacetate Analogues Leading to Biologically Attractive Pyrrole Derivatives. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:818-830. [PMID: 31902356 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200103123114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole is a very important pharmacophoric moiety. It has been widely incorporated into the skeleton of antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and antifungal active substances. Access to this key heterocycle by diverse routes is particularly attractive in terms of chemistry, and also from the environmental point of view. The present minireview summarizes the reported methods for the preparation of highly substituted pyrrole derivatives based on the one-pot multicomponent reaction of aldehydes, primary amines, and oxalacetate analogues as well as their biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Manta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kollatos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos Mitsos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgia-Anna Chatzieffraimidi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papanastasiou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - John K Gallos
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri Komiotis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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4
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Liao JY, Yap WJ, Wu J, Wong MW, Zhao Y. Three-component reactions of isocyanoacetates, amines and 3-formylchromones initiated by an unexpected aza-Michael addition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03468g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We present herein a new mode of three-component reactions between isocyanoacetates, amines and 3-formylchromones. Mechanistic and DFT studies reveals that this Ag-catalyzed process is initiated by a facile aza-Michael addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Liao
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
| | - Wei Jie Yap
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
| | - Ji'En Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
| | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
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5
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Wu X, Li K, Wang S, Liu C, Lei A. Acid-Promoted Cross-Dehydrative Aromatization for the Synthesis of Tetraaryl-Substituted Pyrroles. Org Lett 2015; 18:56-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wu
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research
Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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6
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Estévez V, Villacampa M, Menéndez JC. Recent advances in the synthesis of pyrroles by multicomponent reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 43:4633-57. [PMID: 24676061 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60015g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole is one of the most important one-ring heterocycles. The ready availability of suitably substituted and functionalized pyrrole derivatives is essential for the progress of many branches of science, including biology and materials science. Access to this key heterocycle by multicomponent routes is particularly attractive in terms of synthetic efficiency, and also from the environmental point of view. We update here our previous review on this topic by describing the progress made in this area in the period between mid-2009 and the end of 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Estévez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Goyal S, Patel JK, Gangar M, Kumar K, Nair VA. Zirconocene dichloride catalysed one-pot synthesis of pyrroles through nitroalkene-enamine assembly. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09873k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zirconocene dichloride was found to be a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of multi-substituted pyrroles by a three-component, one-pot reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Goyal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Mohali
- India
| | - Jatinkumar K. Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Mohali
- India
| | - Mukesh Gangar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Mohali
- India
| | - Kapil Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Mohali
- India
| | - Vipin A. Nair
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Mohali
- India
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8
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Balachandra B, Shanmugam S, Muneeswaran T, Ramakritinan M. Iodine catalyzed one-pot synthesis of highly substituted N-methyl pyrroles via [3 + 2] annulation and their in vitro evaluation as antibacterial agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11094g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of highly substituted pyrroles have been synthesized via a simple, fast, and efficient method using environmentally friendly iodine catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biguvu Balachandra
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai – 625 021
- India
| | - Sivakumar Shanmugam
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai – 625 021
- India
| | - Thillaichidambaram Muneeswaran
- Department of Marine and Coastal Studies
- School of Energy, Environment and Natural Resources
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai – 625 021
- India
| | - Muthiah Ramakritinan
- Department of Marine and Coastal Studies
- School of Energy, Environment and Natural Resources
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai – 625 021
- India
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9
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Gupta N, Singh KN, Singh J. Ionic liquid catalyzed one pot four-component coupling reaction for the synthesis of functionalized pyrroles. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2014.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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11
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Heterogenized tungsten complex: an efficient and high yielding catalyst for the synthesis of structurally diverse tetra substituted pyrrole derivatives via four-component assembly. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Gulevich AV, Dudnik AS, Chernyak N, Gevorgyan V. Transition metal-mediated synthesis of monocyclic aromatic heterocycles. Chem Rev 2013; 113:3084-213. [PMID: 23305185 PMCID: PMC3650130 DOI: 10.1021/cr300333u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 814] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton V. Gulevich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, 4500 SES, M/C 111, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
| | - Alexander S. Dudnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, 4500 SES, M/C 111, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
| | - Natalia Chernyak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, 4500 SES, M/C 111, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, 4500 SES, M/C 111, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
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13
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Magar DR, Ke YJ, Chen K. Three-component Synthesis of FunctionalizedN-Protected Tetrasubstituted Pyrroles by an Addition-Elimination-Aromatization Process. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201200193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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Li E, Cheng X, Wang C, Sun X, Li Y. Copper-catalyzed synthesis of 1,2,4-trisubstituted pyrroles via cascade reactions of aryloxy-enynes with amines. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44595j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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15
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Wang Z, Shi Y, Luo X, Han DM, Deng WP. Direct synthesis of pyrroles via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with ynones. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00067b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Pd-mediated functionalization of polysubstituted pyrroles: Their evaluation as potential inhibitors of PDE4. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5639-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Cárdenas RAV, Leal BOQ, Reddy A, Bandyopadhyay D, Banik BK. Microwave-assisted polystyrene sulfonate-catalyzed synthesis of novel pyrroles. Org Med Chem Lett 2012; 2:24. [PMID: 22726766 PMCID: PMC3534635 DOI: 10.1186/2191-2858-2-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyrroles are widely distributed in nature and important biologically active molecules. The reaction of amines with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran is a promising pathway for the synthesis of pharmacologically active pyrroles under microwave irradiation. Results Microwave-induced polystyrenesulfonate-catalyzed synthesis of pyrroles from amines and 2,5-diemthoxytetrahydrofuran has been accomplished with excellent yield. This method produces pyrroles with polyaromatic amines. Conclusion The present procedure for the synthesis of N-aromatic substituted pyrroles will find useful application in the area of pharmacologically active molecules.
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18
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Zhang M, Zhang J. Gold(i)-catalyzed cyclization of 2-(1-alkynyl)-alk-2-en-1-one oximes: a facile access to highly substituted N-alkoxypyrroles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6399. [PMID: 22617939 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32510a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A gold(i)-catalyzed cyclization of 2-(1-alkynyl)-alk-2-en-1-one oximes with numerous nucleophiles has been developed. This strategy provides a relatively safe, mild, simple access to a mass of highly substituted N-alkoxypyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 N, Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
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19
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Bandyopadhyay D, Mukherjee S, Granados JC, Short JD, Banik BK. Ultrasound-assisted bismuth nitrate-induced green synthesis of novel pyrrole derivatives and their biological evaluation as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 50:209-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Paul S, Das AR. A new application of polymer supported, homogeneous and reusable catalyst PEG–SO3H in the synthesis of coumarin and uracil fused pyrrole derivatives. Catal Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy20117h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Bartoli A, Chouraqui G, Parrain JL. Collective Domino Approach toward the Core of Molecules Isolated from the Genus Schisandra. Org Lett 2011; 14:122-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol2029146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bartoli
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, iSm2-UMR CNRS 6263, Campus Saint Jérôme, Service 532, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Gaëlle Chouraqui
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, iSm2-UMR CNRS 6263, Campus Saint Jérôme, Service 532, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jean-Luc Parrain
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, iSm2-UMR CNRS 6263, Campus Saint Jérôme, Service 532, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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22
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Bouyssi D, Monteiro N, Balme G. Amines as key building blocks in Pd-assisted multicomponent processes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1387-406. [PMID: 22043250 PMCID: PMC3201053 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, palladium-mediated three-component synthesis has emerged as an important synthetic methodology to gain access to nitrogen-containing structures. The latest developments in this area are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Bouyssi
- ICBMS, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaire et Supramoléculaire, CNRS UMR 5246, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon. 43, Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
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23
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24
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Lin X, Mao Z, Dai X, Lu P, Wang Y. A straightforward one-pot multicomponent synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:6620-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Rueping M, Parra A. Fast, Efficient, Mild, and Metal-Free Synthesis of Pyrroles by Domino Reactions in Water. Org Lett 2010; 12:5281-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102247n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alejandro Parra
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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26
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Benedetti E, Lemière G, Chapellet LL, Penoni A, Palmisano G, Malacria M, Goddard JP, Fensterbank L. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cyclization of β-Allenylhydrazones: An Efficient Synthesis of Multisubstituted N-Aminopyrroles. Org Lett 2010; 12:4396-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101889h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Benedetti
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7201), FR 2769 UPMC-Paris 06, C. 229, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France, and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 11 Via Valleggio, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Gilles Lemière
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7201), FR 2769 UPMC-Paris 06, C. 229, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France, and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 11 Via Valleggio, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Laure-Lise Chapellet
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7201), FR 2769 UPMC-Paris 06, C. 229, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France, and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 11 Via Valleggio, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Andrea Penoni
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7201), FR 2769 UPMC-Paris 06, C. 229, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France, and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 11 Via Valleggio, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palmisano
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7201), FR 2769 UPMC-Paris 06, C. 229, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France, and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 11 Via Valleggio, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Max Malacria
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7201), FR 2769 UPMC-Paris 06, C. 229, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France, and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 11 Via Valleggio, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7201), FR 2769 UPMC-Paris 06, C. 229, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France, and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 11 Via Valleggio, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7201), FR 2769 UPMC-Paris 06, C. 229, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France, and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 11 Via Valleggio, 22100, Como, Italy
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