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Ariyoshi R, Matsuzaki T, Sato R, Minamihata K, Hayashi K, Koga T, Orita K, Nishioka R, Wakabayashi R, Goto M, Kamiya N. Engineering the Propeptide of Microbial Transglutaminase Zymogen: Enabling Substrate-Dependent Activation for Bioconjugation Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:340-350. [PMID: 38421254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (MTG) from Streptomyces mobaraensis is a powerful biocatalytic glue for site-specific cross-linking of a range of biomolecules and synthetic molecules that have an MTG-reactive moiety. The preparation of active recombinant MTG requires post-translational proteolytic digestion of a propeptide that functions as an intramolecular chaperone to assist the correct folding of the MTG zymogen (MTGz) in the biosynthesis. Herein, we report engineered active zymogen of MTG (EzMTG) that is expressed in soluble form in the host Escherichia coli cytosol and exhibits cross-linking activity without limited proteolysis of the propeptide. We found that the saturation mutagenesis of residues K10 or Y12 in the propeptide domain generated several active MTGz mutants. In particular, the K10D/Y12G mutant exhibited catalytic activity comparable to that of mature MTG. However, the expression level was low, possibly because of decreased chaperone activity and/or the promiscuous substrate specificity of MTG, which is potentially harmful to the host cells. The K10R/Y12A mutant exhibited specific substrate-dependent reactivity toward peptidyl substrates. Quantitative analysis of the binding affinity of the mutated propeptides to the active site of MTG suggested an inverse relationship between the binding affinity and the catalytic activity of EzMTG. Our proof-of-concept study provides insights into the design of a new biocatalyst using the MTGz as a scaffold and a potential route to high-throughput screening of EzMTG mutants for bioconjugation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Ariyoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryo Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minamihata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kounosuke Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Taisei Koga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kensei Orita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Riko Nishioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Rie Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Wang X, Gou C, Gao C, Song Y, Zhang J, Huang J, Hui M. Synthesis of casein-γ-polyglutamic acid hydrogels by microbial transglutaminase-mediated gelation for controlled release of drugs. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:237-245. [PMID: 34293946 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211011724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Casein-based hydrogels were reported as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxic materials that had potential in drug delivery. At present, we prepared two kinds of casein/γ-PGA hybrid hydrogels, 1/5 and 1/9, based on the ratio of γ-PGA to casein. The hydrogels were crosslinked by microbial transglutaminase (MTG), the physicochemical properties of the casein/γ-PGA hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, texture analysis, swelling ratio test, and stability test. The hydrogels showed a well-interconnected sparse and porous structure. The 1/5 casein/γ-PGA hydrogel was much stable, hard, and cohesive than the 1/9 casein/γ-PGA hydrogel, and the 1/5 casein/γ-PGA hydrogel showed a higher swelling ratio and lower degradation rate. To investigate in vitro release behavior, we chose the hydrophilic vitamin B12 and hydrophobic aspirin as the model drugs incorporated into the casein/γ-PGA hydrogels. The 1/5 casein/γ-PGA hydrogel exhibited a good drug release behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chenchen Gou
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunyuan Gao
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yazhen Song
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jihong Huang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ming Hui
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Walsh SJ, Bargh JD, Dannheim FM, Hanby AR, Seki H, Counsell AJ, Ou X, Fowler E, Ashman N, Takada Y, Isidro-Llobet A, Parker JS, Carroll JS, Spring DR. Site-selective modification strategies in antibody-drug conjugates. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1305-1353. [PMID: 33290462 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00310g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) harness the highly specific targeting capabilities of an antibody to deliver a cytotoxic payload to specific cell types. They have garnered widespread interest in drug discovery, particularly in oncology, as discrimination between healthy and malignant tissues or cells can be achieved. Nine ADCs have received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration and more than 80 others are currently undergoing clinical investigations for a range of solid tumours and haematological malignancies. Extensive research over the past decade has highlighted the critical nature of the linkage strategy adopted to attach the payload to the antibody. Whilst early generation ADCs were primarily synthesised as heterogeneous mixtures, these were found to have sub-optimal pharmacokinetics, stability, tolerability and/or efficacy. Efforts have now shifted towards generating homogeneous constructs with precise drug loading and predetermined, controlled sites of attachment. Homogeneous ADCs have repeatedly demonstrated superior overall pharmacological profiles compared to their heterogeneous counterparts. A wide range of methods have been developed in the pursuit of homogeneity, comprising chemical or enzymatic methods or a combination thereof to afford precise modification of specific amino acid or sugar residues. In this review, we discuss advances in chemical and enzymatic methods for site-specific antibody modification that result in the generation of homogeneous ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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Deweid L, Avrutina O, Kolmar H. Microbial transglutaminase for biotechnological and biomedical engineering. Biol Chem 2019; 400:257-274. [PMID: 30291779 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Research on bacterial transglutaminase dates back to 1989, when the enzyme has been isolated from Streptomyces mobaraensis. Initially discovered during an extensive screening campaign to reduce costs in food manufacturing, it quickly appeared as a robust and versatile tool for biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications due to its excellent activity and simple handling. While pioneering attempts to make use of its extraordinary cross-linking ability resulted in heterogeneous polymers, currently it is applied to site-specifically ligate diverse biomolecules yielding precisely modified hybrid constructs comprising two or more components. This review covers the extensive and rapidly growing field of microbial transglutaminase-mediated bioconjugation with the focus on pharmaceutical research. In addition, engineering of the enzyme by directed evolution and rational design is highlighted. Moreover, cumbersome drawbacks of this technique mainly caused by the enzyme's substrate indiscrimination are discussed as well as the ways to bypass these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Deweid
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Wakabayashi R, Suehiro A, Goto M, Kamiya N. Designer aromatic peptide amphiphiles for self-assembly and enzymatic display of proteins with morphology control. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:640-643. [PMID: 30628590 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08163h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We herein designed bi-functional aromatic peptide amphiphiles both self-assembling to fibrous nanomaterials and working as a substrate of microbial transglutaminase, leading to peptidyl scaffolds with different morphologies that can be enzymatically post-functionalized with proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Casein-based hydrogel carrying insulin: preparation, in vitro evaluation and in vivo assessment. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-018-00422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Xxxx P, Minamihata K, Tatsuke T, Lee JM, Kusakabe T, Kamiya N. Expression and Activation of Horseradish Peroxidase-Protein A/G Fusion Protein in Silkworm Larvae for Diagnostic Purposes. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700624. [PMID: 29717548 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant protein production can create artificial proteins with desired functions by introducing genetic modifications to the target proteins. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been used extensively as a reporter enzyme in biotechnological applications; however, recombinant production of HRP has not been very successful, hampering the utilization of HRP with genetic modifications. A fusion protein comprising an antibody binding protein and HRP will be an ideal bio-probe for high-quality HRP-based diagnostic systems. A HRP-protein A/G fusion protein (HRP-pAG) is designed and its production in silkworm (Bombyx mori) is evaluated for the first time. HRP-pAG is expressed in a soluble apo form, and is activated successfully by incubating with hemin. The activated HRP-pAG is used directly for ELISA experiments and retains its activity over 20 days at 4 °C. Moreover, HRP-pAG is modified with biotin by the microbial transglutaminase (MTG) reaction. The biotinylated HRP-pAG is conjugated with streptavidin to form a HRP-pAG multimer and the multimeric HRP-pAG produced higher signals in the ELISA system than monomeric HRP-pAG. The successful production of recombinant HRP in silkworm will contribute to creating novel HRP-based bioconjugates as well as further functionalization of HRP by applying enzymatic post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patmawati Xxxx
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minamihata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Tatsuke
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Microbial transglutaminase displays broad acyl-acceptor substrate specificity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:219-30. [PMID: 23615739 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The great importance of amide bonds in industrial synthesis has encouraged the search for efficient catalysts of amide bond formation. Microbial transglutaminase (MTG) is heavily utilized in crosslinking proteins in the food and textile industries, where the side chain of a glutamine reacts with the side chain of a lysine, forming a secondary amide bond. Long alkylamines carrying diverse chemical entities can substitute for lysine as acyl-acceptor substrates, to link molecules of interest onto peptides or proteins. Here, we explore short and chemically varied acyl-acceptor substrates, to better understand the nature of nonnatural substrates that are tolerated by MTG, with the aim of diversifying biocatalytic applications of MTG. We show, for the first time, that very short-chain alkyl-based amino acids such as glycine can serve as acceptor substrates. The esterified α-amino acids Thr, Ser, Cys, and Trp--but not Ile--also showed reactivity. Extending the search to nonnatural compounds, a ring near the amine group--particularly if aromatic--was beneficial for reactivity, although ring substituents reduced reactivity. Overall, amines attached to a less hindered carbon increased reactivity. Importantly, very small amines carrying either the electron-rich azide or the alkyne groups required for click chemistry were highly reactive as acyl-acceptor substrates, providing a robust route to minimally modified, "clickable" peptides. These results demonstrate that MTG is tolerant to a variety of chemically varied natural and nonnatural acyl-acceptor substrates, which broadens the scope for modification of Gln-containing peptides and proteins.
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Matsumoto T, Tanaka T, Kondo A. Enzyme-mediated methodologies for protein modification and bioconjugate synthesis. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:1137-46. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Matsumoto T, Tanaka T, Kondo A. Sortase A-catalyzed site-specific coimmobilization on microparticles via streptavidin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:3553-3557. [PMID: 22276782 DOI: 10.1021/la2047933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A microparticle surface was designed by the unique method incorporating streptavidin-biotin affinity and sortase A (SrtA)-catalyzed transpeptidation. Leucine-proline-glutamate-threonine-glycine-tagged streptavidin (Stav-LPETG)was immobilized on the surface using streptavidin-biotin affinity, and GGGGG-tagged red fluorescent protein (Gly5-RFP) was conjugated with SrtA. Biotinylated fluorescein isothiocyanate (biotin-FITC) was then bound to residual biotin-binding sites in Stav-LPETG. The resulting particles had RFP and FITC immobilized on the surface via Stav-LPETG, and RFP- and FITC-associated fluorescence was observed using fluorescence microscopy. Finally, GGG-tagged glucose oxidase and biotinylated horseradish peroxidase were immobilized on the microparticle surface, resulting in a functional particle capable of detecting glucose. This particle can be repeatedly used and is more sensitive in detecting glucose than particles prepared using chemical modification. Our method provides a simple strategy for site-specific coimmobilization on molecular surfaces and expands the use of protein hybrid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Tahara Y, Honda S, Kamiya N, Goto M. Transdermal delivery of insulin using a solid-in-oil nanodispersion enhanced by arginine-rich peptides. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20059g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abe H, Goto M, Kamiya N. Protein Lipidation Catalyzed by Microbial Transglutaminase. Chemistry 2011; 17:14004-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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