1
|
Poulsen KM, Payne CK. Concentration and composition of the protein corona as a function of incubation time and serum concentration: an automated approach to the protein corona. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7265-7275. [PMID: 36018335 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles in contact with proteins form a "corona" of proteins adsorbed on the nanoparticle surface. Subsequent biological responses are then mediated by the adsorbed proteins rather than the bare nanoparticles. The use of nanoparticles as nanomedicines and biosensors would be greatly improved if researchers were able to predict which specific proteins will adsorb on a nanoparticle surface. We use a recently developed automated workflow with a liquid handling robot and low-cost proteomics to determine the concentration and composition of the protein corona formed on carboxylate-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (200 nm) as a function of incubation time and serum concentration. We measure the concentration of the resulting protein corona with a colorimetric assay and the composition of the corona with proteomics, reporting both abundance and enrichment relative to the fetal bovine serum (FBS) proteins used to form the corona. Incubation time was found to be an important parameter for corona concentration and composition at high (100% FBS) incubation concentrations, with only a slight effect at low (10%) FBS concentrations. In addition to these findings, we describe two methodological advances to help reduce the cost associated with protein corona experiments. We have automated the digest step necessary for proteomics and measured the variability between triplicate samples at each stage of the proteomics experiments. Overall, these results demonstrate the importance of understanding the multiple parameters that influence corona formation, provide new tools for corona characterization, and advance bioanalytical research in nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten M Poulsen
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Christine K Payne
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nienhaus K, Xue Y, Shang L, Nienhaus GU. Protein adsorption onto nanomaterials engineered for theranostic applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:262001. [PMID: 35294940 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac5e6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The key role of biomolecule adsorption onto engineered nanomaterials for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes has been well recognized by the nanobiotechnology community, and our mechanistic understanding of nano-bio interactions has greatly advanced over the past decades. Attention has recently shifted to gaining active control of nano-bio interactions, so as to enhance the efficacy of nanomaterials in biomedical applications. In this review, we summarize progress in this field and outline directions for future development. First, we briefly review fundamental knowledge about the intricate interactions between proteins and nanomaterials, as unraveled by a large number of mechanistic studies. Then, we give a systematic overview of the ways that protein-nanomaterial interactions have been exploited in biomedical applications, including the control of protein adsorption for enhancing the targeting efficiency of nanomedicines, the design of specific protein adsorption layers on the surfaces of nanomaterials for use as drug carriers, and the development of novel nanoparticle array-based sensors based on nano-bio interactions. We will focus on particularly relevant and recent examples within these areas. Finally, we conclude this topical review with an outlook on future developments in this fascinating research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yumeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Engineered Nanoparticle-Protein Interactions Influence Protein Structural Integrity and Biological Significance. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071214. [PMID: 35407332 PMCID: PMC9002493 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are artificially synthesized particles with unique physicochemical properties. ENPs are being extensively used in several consumer items, elevating the probability of ENP exposure to biological systems. ENPs interact with various biomolecules like lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, where proteins are most susceptible. The ENP-protein interactions are mostly studied for corona formation and its effect on the bio-reactivity of ENPs, however, an in-depth understanding of subsequent interactive effects on proteins, such as alterations in their structure, conformation, free energy, and folding is still required. The present review focuses on ENP-protein interactions and the subsequent effects on protein structure and function followed by the therapeutic potential of ENPs for protein misfolding diseases.
Collapse
|
4
|
Toxicity of Carbon Nanomaterials-Towards Reliable Viability Assessment via New Approach in Flow Cytometry. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147750. [PMID: 34299367 PMCID: PMC8305450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of application of carbon nanomaterials in biomedical, environmental and industrial fields is recently substantially increasing. Since in vitro toxicity testing is the first essential step for any commercial usage, it is crucial to have a reliable method to analyze the potentially harmful effects of carbon nanomaterials. Even though researchers already reported the interference of carbon nanomaterials with common toxicity assays, there is still, unfortunately, a large number of studies that neglect this fact. In this study, we investigated interference of four bio-promising carbon nanomaterials (graphene acid (GA), cyanographene (GCN), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and carbon dots (QCDs)) in commonly used LIVE/DEAD assay. When a standard procedure was applied, materials caused various types of interference. While positively charged g-C3N4 and QCDs induced false results through the creation of free agglomerates and intrinsic fluorescence properties, negatively charged GA and GCN led to false signals due to the complex quenching effect of the fluorescent dye of a LIVE/DEAD kit. Thus, we developed a new approach using a specific gating strategy based on additional controls that successfully overcame all types of interference and lead to reliable results in LIVE/DEAD assay. We suggest that the newly developed procedure should be a mandatory tool for all in vitro flow cytometry assays of any class of carbon nanomaterials.
Collapse
|
5
|
Valente KP, Suleman A, Brolo AG. Exploring Diffusion and Cellular Uptake: Charged Gold Nanoparticles in an in Vitro Breast Cancer Model. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6992-7002. [PMID: 35019358 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles have emerged as a prominent tool in nanomedicine, particularly for applications in cancer diagnostic and treatment. One of the challenges for the successful implementation of gold nanoparticles in cancer therapy is their delivery to the specific cancer area within the tumor microenvironment. The presence of cancer enables a poorly organized vascularization system, increasing the pressure with the microenvironment, limiting the uptake of particles. The physicochemical properties of the gold nanoparticles (size, shape, and surface charge) also have a significant effect on diffusion to the tumor site and cellular uptake. In this work, we analyzed the transport of 10 nm gold nanoparticles with different surface charges (neutral, negative, and positive) through a hydrogel composite. Three-dimensional in vitro models composed of breast cancer cells loaded in the hydrogel composite were used for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of cellular uptake of the gold nanoparticles. Surprisingly, an inverse correlation between the diffusion coefficients of the nanoparticles and cellular uptake was demonstrated. Positively charged gold nanoparticles displayed high cellular uptake, although their diffusion coefficient indicated slow transport through the hydrogel matrix. Neutral particles, on the other hand, displayed fast diffusion but the lowest cellular uptake. The results obtained indicate that nanoparticle diffusion and cellular uptake should be studied together in realistic in vitro models for a true evaluation of transport in tumor microenvironments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina P Valente
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Afzal Suleman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Alexandre G Brolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jayaram DT, Payne CK. Food-Grade TiO 2 Particles Generate Intracellular Superoxide and Alter Epigenetic Modifiers in Human Lung Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2872-2879. [PMID: 33064449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles are a common ingredient in food, providing the bright white color for many candies, gums, and frostings. While ingestion of these materials has been examined previously, few studies have examined the effect of these particles on lung cells. Inhalation is an important exposure pathway for workers processing these foods and, more recently, home users who purchase these particles directly. We examine the response of lung cells to food-grade TiO2 particles using a combination of fluorescence microscopy and RT-PCR. These experiments show that TiO2 particles generate intracellular reactive oxygen species, specifically superoxide, and alter expression of two epigenetic modifiers, histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) and HDAC10. We use a protein corona formed from superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that scavenges superoxide, to probe the relationship between TiO2 particles and superoxide generation. These experiments show that low, non-cytotoxic, concentrations of food-grade TiO2 particles lead to cellular responses, including altering two enzymes responsible for epigenetic modifications. This production of superoxide and change in epigenetic modifiers could affect human health following inhalation. We expect this research will motivate future in vivo experiments examining the pulmonary response to food-grade TiO2 particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya T Jayaram
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Christine K Payne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Richter F, Martin L, Leer K, Moek E, Hausig F, Brendel JC, Traeger A. Tuning of endosomal escape and gene expression by functional groups, molecular weight and transfection medium: a structure-activity relationship study. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5026-5041. [PMID: 32319993 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of genetic material by non-viral transfer systems is still in its initial stages, but there are high expectations for the development of targeted therapies. However, nucleic acids cannot enter cells without help, they must be well protected to prevent degradation and overcome a variety of biological barriers, the endosomal barrier being one of the greatest cellular challenges. Herein, the structure-property-relationship was investigated in detail, using well-defined polymers. Polyacrylamides were synthesized via RAFT polymerization resulting in a polymer library of (i) different cationic groups as aminoethyl acrylamide (AEAm), dimethylaminoethyl acrylamide (DMAEAm), dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide (DMAPAm) and guanidinopropyl acrylamide (GPAm); (ii) different degree of polymerization; and investigated (iii) in different cell culture settings. The influence of molar mass and cationic moiety on complex formation with pDNA, cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of the polymers were investigated. The systematic approach identified a pH-independent guanidinium-containing homopolymer (PGPAm89) as the polymer with the highest transfection efficiency and superior endosomal release under optimal conditions. Since PGPAm89 is not further protonated inside endosomes, common escape theories appear unsuitable. Therefore, the interaction with bis(monoacryloylglycerol)phosphate, a lipid specific for endosomal vesicles, was investigated. Our research suggests that the interactions between amines and lipids may be more relevant than anticipated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Richter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Encapsulation of Apoptotic Proteins in Lipid Nanoparticles to Induce Death of Cancer Cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
9
|
Bae CS, Ahn T. Diacylglycerol in Cationic Nanoparticles Stimulates Oxidative Stress-Mediated Death of Cancer Cells. Lipids 2019; 53:1059-1067. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sik Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Chonnam National University; 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Chonnam National University; 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jayaram DT, Pustulka SM, Mannino RG, Lam WA, Payne CK. Protein Corona in Response to Flow: Effect on Protein Concentration and Structure. Biophys J 2018; 115:209-216. [PMID: 29650368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles used in cellular applications encounter free serum proteins that adsorb onto the surface of the nanoparticle, forming a protein corona. This protein layer controls the interaction of nanoparticles with cells. For nanomedicine applications, it is important to consider how intravenous injection and the subsequent shear flow will affect the protein corona. Our goal was to determine if shear flow changed the composition of the protein corona and if these changes affected cellular binding. Colorimetric assays of protein concentration and gel electrophoresis demonstrate that polystyrene nanoparticles subjected to flow have a greater concentration of serum proteins adsorbed on the surface, especially plasminogen. Plasminogen, in the absence of nanoparticles, undergoes changes in structure in response to flow, characterized by fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The protein-nanoparticle complexes formed from fetal bovine serum after flow had decreased cellular binding, as measured with flow cytometry. In addition to the relevance for nanomedicine, these results also highlight the technical challenges of protein corona studies. The composition of the protein corona was highly dependent on the initial mixing step: rocking, vortexing, or flow. Overall, these results reaffirm the importance of the protein corona in nanoparticle-cell interactions and point toward the challenges of predicting corona composition based on nanoparticle properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya T Jayaram
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Samantha M Pustulka
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert G Mannino
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christine K Payne
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Y, Xu Y, Fleischer CC, Huang J, Lin R, Yang L, Mao H. Impact of Anti-Biofouling Surface Coatings on the Properties of Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:9-24. [PMID: 29479429 PMCID: PMC5821433 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01695f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and subsequently controlling non-specific interactions between engineered nanomaterials and biological environment have become increasingly important for further developing and advancing nanotechnology for biomedical applications. Such non-specific interactions, also known as the biofouling effect, mainly associate with the adsorption of biomolecules (such as proteins, DNAs, RNAs, and peptides) onto the surface of nanomaterials and the adhesion or uptake of nanomaterials by various cells. By altering the surface properties of nanomaterials the biofouling effect can lead to in situ changes of physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, functions, and toxicity of nanomaterials. This review provides discussions on the current understanding of the biofouling effect, the factors that affect the non-specific interactions associated with biofouling, and the impact of the biofouling effect on the performances and functions of nanomaterials. An overview of the development and applications of various anti-biofouling coating materials to preserve and improve the properties and functions of engineered nanomaterials for intended biomedical applications is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yaolin Xu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Candace C Fleischer
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Run Lin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lily Yang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Runa S, Lakadamyali M, Kemp ML, Payne CK. TiO 2 Nanoparticle-Induced Oxidation of the Plasma Membrane: Importance of the Protein Corona. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:8619-8625. [PMID: 28844138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, used as pigments and photocatalysts, are widely present in modern society. Inhalation or ingestion of these nanoparticles can lead to cellular-level interactions. We examined the very first step in this cellular interaction, the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the lipids of the plasma membrane. Within 12 h of TiO2 nanoparticle exposure, the lipids of the plasma membrane were oxidized, determined with a malondialdehyde assay. Lipid peroxidation was inhibited by surface passivation of the TiO2 nanoparticles, incubation with an antioxidant (Trolox), and the presence of serum proteins in solution. Subsequent experiments determined that serum proteins adsorbed on the surface of the TiO2 nanoparticles, forming a protein corona, inhibit lipid peroxidation. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy showed that these serum proteins were clustered on the nanoparticle surface. These protein clusters slow lipid peroxidation, but by 24 h, the level of lipid peroxidation is similar, independent of the protein corona or free serum proteins. Additionally, over 24 h, this corona of proteins was displaced from the nanoparticle surface by free proteins in solution. Overall, these experiments provide the first mechanistic investigation of plasma membrane oxidation by TiO2 nanoparticles, in the absence of UV light and as a function of the protein corona, approximating a physiological environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melike Lakadamyali
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melissa L Kemp
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jayaram DT, Runa S, Kemp ML, Payne CK. Nanoparticle-induced oxidation of corona proteins initiates an oxidative stress response in cells. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:7595-7601. [PMID: 28537609 PMCID: PMC5703216 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09500c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), used as pigments and photocatalysts, are ubiquitous in our daily lives. Previous work has observed cellular oxidative stress in response to the UV-excitation of photocatalytic TiO2 NPs. In comparison, most human exposure to TiO2 NPs takes place in the dark, in the lung following inhalation or in the gut following consumption of TiO2 NP food pigment. Our spectroscopic characterization shows that both photocatalytic and food grade TiO2 NPs, in the dark, generate low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically hydroxyl radicals and superoxides. These ROS oxidize serum proteins that form a corona of proteins on the NP surface. This protein layer is the interface between the NP and the cell. An oxidized protein corona triggers an oxidative stress response, detected with PCR and western blotting. Surface modification of TiO2 NPs to increase or decrease surface defects correlates with ROS generation and oxidative stress, suggesting that NP surface defects, likely oxygen vacancies, are the underlying cause of TiO2 NP-induced oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya T Jayaram
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Y, Bao W, Wu H, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wan Y, Cao D, O'Hare D, Wang Q. Delaminated layered double hydroxide delivers DNA molecules as sandwich nanostructure into cells via a non-endocytic pathway. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:686-692. [PMID: 36659439 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are effective molecular carriers in cytological research, gene therapy, and transgenic applications. Herein, we investigated the internalization behavior of the LDH-DNA bioconjugates via a microscopic approach and analyzed the internalization pathway by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. We experimentally found that LDH can efficiently carry DNA into the nucleus of cell in BY-2 suspension cells. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that the LDH-DNA bioconjugates mainly exist as a DNA-LDH-DNA sandwich complex, while the LDH-DNA-LDH sandwich complex and DNA-LDH complex cannot be excluded. The DPD simulations further indicated that only the DNA-LDH-DNA sandwich structure could penetrate the plasma membrane (PM), while PM is impermeable to the LDH-DNA-LDH sandwich complex and the DNA-LDH complex. This work provides novel perspective for understanding the membrane penetration mechanism of LDH nano-sheets and new insights into the design of novel molecular delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wenlong Bao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongyang Wu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yinglang Wan
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dermot O'Hare
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kang T, Tran TTT, Park C, Lee BJ. Biomimetic shear stress and nanoparticulate drug delivery. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
16
|
Waqas M, Lee HM, Kim J, Telling G, Kim JK, Kim DH, Ryou C. Effect of poly-L-arginine in inhibiting scrapie prion protein of cultured cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 428:57-66. [PMID: 28063003 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biological effect of poly-L-arginine (PLR), the linear homopolymer comprised of L-arginine, was investigated to determine the activity of suppressing prions. PLR decreased the level of scrapie prion protein (PrPSc) in cultured cells permanently infected with prions in a concentration-dependent manner. The PrPSc inhibition efficacy of PLR was greater than that of another prion-suppressant poly-L-lysine (PLK) in a molecular mass-dependent fashion. The effective concentration of PLR to inhibit prions was achieved safely below the cytotoxic concentrations, and overall cytotoxicity of PLR was similar to that of PLK. PLR did not alter the cellular prion protein (PrPC) level and was unable to change the states of preformed recombinant PrP aggregates and PrPSc from prion-infected cells. These data eliminate the possibility that the action mechanism of PLR is through removal of PrPC and pre-existing PrPSc. However, PLR formed complexes with plasminogen that stimulates prion propagation via conversion of PrPC to the misfolded isoform, PrPSc. The plasminogen-PLR complex demonstrated the greater positive surface charge values than the similar complex with PLK, raising the possibility that PLR interferes with the role of cofactor for PrPSc generation better than PLK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Glenn Telling
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jin-Ki Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Chongsuk Ryou
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alves RF, Favaro MT, Balbino TA, de Toledo MA, de la Torre LG, Azzoni AR. Recombinant protein-based nanocarriers and their association with cationic liposomes: Characterization and in vitro evaluation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
18
|
Bigdeli A, Palchetti S, Pozzi D, Hormozi-Nezhad MR, Baldelli Bombelli F, Caracciolo G, Mahmoudi M. Exploring Cellular Interactions of Liposomes Using Protein Corona Fingerprints and Physicochemical Properties. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3723-37. [PMID: 26882007 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To control liposomes fate and transport upon contact with biofluids, it is essential to consider several parameters affecting the synthetic and biological identity of liposomes, as well as liposome-protein corona (PC) aspects. As a powerful tool in this data mining adventure, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) approach is used to correlate physicochemical properties of liposomes and their PC fingerprints to multiple quantified biological responses. In the present study, the relationship between cellular interactions of a set of structurally diverse liposomal formulations and their physicochemical and PC properties has been investigated via linear and nonlinear QSAR models. Significant parameters affecting cellular uptake and cell viability of liposomes in two important cancer cell lines (PC3 and HeLa) have been identified. The developed QSARs have the capacity to be implemented in advanced targeted delivery of liposomal drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arafeh Bigdeli
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology , Tehran 1113658639, Iran
| | - Sara Palchetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome 00185, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano , Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran 1316943551, Iran
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dominguez-Medina S, Kisley L, Tauzin LJ, Hoggard A, Shuang B, D. S. Indrasekara AS, Chen S, Wang LY, Derry PJ, Liopo A, Zubarev ER, Landes CF, Link S. Adsorption and Unfolding of a Single Protein Triggers Nanoparticle Aggregation. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2103-12. [PMID: 26751094 PMCID: PMC4768289 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The response of living systems to nanoparticles is thought to depend on the protein corona, which forms shortly after exposure to physiological fluids and which is linked to a wide array of pathophysiologies. A mechanistic understanding of the dynamic interaction between proteins and nanoparticles and thus the biological fate of nanoparticles and associated proteins is, however, often missing mainly due to the inadequacies in current ensemble experimental approaches. Through the application of a variety of single molecule and single particle spectroscopic techniques in combination with ensemble level characterization tools, we identified different interaction pathways between gold nanorods and bovine serum albumin depending on the protein concentration. Overall, we found that local changes in protein concentration influence everything from cancer cell uptake to nanoparticle stability and even protein secondary structure. We envision that our findings and methods will lead to strategies to control the associated pathophysiology of nanoparticle exposure in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydia Kisley
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Tauzin
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Anneli Hoggard
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Bo Shuang
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | | | - Sishan Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Lin-Yung Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Paul J. Derry
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Anton Liopo
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Eugene R. Zubarev
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Christy F. Landes
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Stephan Link
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kang T, Park C, Choi JS, Cui JH, Lee BJ. Effects of shear stress on the cellular distribution of polystyrene nanoparticles in a biomimetic microfluidic system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
21
|
Berg C. Quantitative analysis of nanoparticle transport through in vitro blood-brain barrier models. Tissue Barriers 2016; 4:e1143545. [PMID: 27141425 PMCID: PMC4836482 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1143545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle transport through the blood-brain barrier has received much attention of late, both from the point of view of nano-enabled drug delivery, as well as due to concerns about unintended exposure of nanomaterials to humans and other organisms. In vitro models play a lead role in efforts to understand the extent of transport through the blood-brain barrier, but unique features of the nanoscale challenge their direct adaptation. Here we highlight some of the differences compared to molecular species when utilizing in vitro blood-brain barrier models for nanoparticle studies. Issues that may arise with transwell systems are discussed, together with some potential alternative methodologies. We also briefly review the biomolecular corona concept and its importance for how nanoparticles interact with the blood-brain barrier. We end with considering future directions, including indirect effects and application of shear and fluidics-technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Berg
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen ; Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
O'Connell DJ, Bombelli FB, Pitek AS, Monopoli MP, Cahill DJ, Dawson KA. Characterization of the bionano interface and mapping extrinsic interactions of the corona of nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:15268-76. [PMID: 26324751 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01970b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles in physiological environments are known to selectively adsorb proteins and other biomolecules forming a tightly bound biomolecular 'corona' on their surface. Where the exchange times of the proteins are sufficiently long, it is believed that the protein corona constitutes the particle identity in biological milieu. Here we show that proteins in the corona retain their functional characteristics and can specifically bind to cognate proteins on arrays of thousands of immobilised human proteins. The biological identity of the nanomaterial is seen to be specific to the blood plasma concentration in which they are exposed. We show that the resulting in situ nanoparticle interactome is dependent on the protein concentration in plasma, with the emergence of a small number of dominant protein-protein interactions. These interactions are those driven by proteins that are adsorbed onto the particle surface and whose binding epitopes are subsequently expressed or presented suitably on the particle surface. We suggest that, since specific tailored protein arrays for target systems and organs can be designed, their use may be an important element in an overall study of the biomolecular corona.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J O'Connell
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lu B, Smith T, Schmidt JJ. Nanoparticle-lipid bilayer interactions studied with lipid bilayer arrays. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:7858-66. [PMID: 25853986 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06892k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The widespread environmental presence and commercial use of nanoparticles have raised significant health concerns as a result of many in vitro and in vivo assays indicating toxicity of a wide range of nanoparticle species. Many of these assays have identified the ability of nanoparticles to damage cell membranes. These interactions can be studied in detail using artificial lipid bilayers, which can provide insight into the nature of the particle-membrane interaction through variation of membrane and solution properties not possible with cell-based assays. However, the scope of these studies can be limited because of the low throughput characteristic of lipid bilayer platforms. We have recently described an easy to use, parallel lipid bilayer platform which we have used to electrically investigate the activity of 60 nm diameter amine and carboxyl modified polystyrene nanoparticles (NH2-NP and COOH-NP) with over 1000 lipid bilayers while varying lipid composition, bilayer charge, ionic strength, pH, voltage, serum, particle concentration, and particle charge. Our results confirm recent studies finding activity of NH2-NP but not COOH-NP. Detailed analysis shows that NH2-NP formed pores 0.3-2.3 nm in radius, dependent on bilayer and solution composition. These interactions appear to be electrostatic, as they are regulated by NH2-NP surface charge, solution ionic strength, and bilayer charge. The ability to rapidly measure a large number of nanoparticle and membrane parameters indicates strong potential of this bilayer array platform for additional nanoparticle bilayer studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
George I, Naudin G, Boland S, Mornet S, Contremoulins V, Beugnon K, Martinon L, Lambert O, Baeza-Squiban A. Metallic oxide nanoparticle translocation across the human bronchial epithelial barrier. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4529-4544. [PMID: 25685900 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07079h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation is the most frequent route of unintentional exposure to nanoparticles (NPs). Our aim was to quantify the translocation of different metallic NPs across human bronchial epithelial cells and to determine the factors influencing this translocation. Calu-3 cells forming a tight epithelial barrier when grown on a porous membrane in a two compartment chamber were exposed to fluorescently labelled NPs to quantify the NP translocation. NP translocation and uptake by cells were also studied by confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Translocation was characterized according to NP size (16, 50, or 100 nm), surface charge (negative or positive SiO2), composition (SiO2 or TiO2), presence of proteins or phospholipids and in an inflammatory context. Our results showed that NPs can translocate through the Calu-3 monolayer whatever their composition (SiO2 or TiO2), but this translocation was increased for the smallest and negatively charged NPs. Translocation was not associated with an alteration of the integrity of the epithelial monolayer, suggesting a transcytosis of the internalized NPs. By modifying the NP corona, the ability of NPs to cross the epithelial barrier differed depending on their intrinsic properties, making positively charged NPs more prone to translocate. NP translocation can be amplified by using agents known to open tight junctions and to allow paracellular passage. NP translocation was also modulated when mimicking an inflammatory context frequently found in the lungs, altering the epithelial integrity and inducing transient tight junction opening. This in vitro evaluation of NP translocation could be extended to other inhaled NPs to predict their biodistribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle George
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA) (BFA) UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Garapaty A, Champion JA. Non-covalent phosphorylcholine coating reduces protein adsorption and phagocytic uptake of microparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13814-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03459k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylcholine co-polymer was assembled on model polystyrene microparticles through a simple, widely-applicable ethanol coating process. The coating rendered particles resistant to protein adsorption and phagocytosis by macrophages, making it useful for a range of biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Garapaty
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Julie A. Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bansal R, Tayal S, Gupta KC, Kumar P. Bioreducible polyethylenimine nanoparticles for the efficient delivery of nucleic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3128-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02614d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrostatically crosslinked bioreducible nanoparticles of polyethylenimine (DP NPs) have been prepared and evaluated for their cytotoxicity and capability to transport nucleic acids inside the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Bansal
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology
- Delhi-110007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Shweta Tayal
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - K. C. Gupta
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology
- Delhi-110007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lazarovits J, Chen YY, Sykes EA, Chan WCW. Nanoparticle–blood interactions: the implications on solid tumour targeting. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2756-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07644c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review examines nanoparticle–blood interactions, their implications on solid tumour targeting, and provides an outlook to guide future nanoparticle design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Lazarovits
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research
| | - Yih Yang Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research
| | - Edward A. Sykes
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research
| | - Warren C. W. Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fleischer C, Payne CK. Secondary structure of corona proteins determines the cell surface receptors used by nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:14017-26. [PMID: 24779411 PMCID: PMC4266332 DOI: 10.1021/jp502624n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles used for biological and biomedical applications encounter a host of extracellular proteins. These proteins rapidly adsorb onto the nanoparticle surface, creating a protein corona. Poly(ethylene glycol) can reduce, but not eliminate, the nonspecific adsorption of proteins. As a result, the adsorbed proteins, rather than the nanoparticle itself, determine the cellular receptors used for binding, the internalization mechanism, the intracellular transport pathway, and the subsequent immune response. Using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, we first characterize a set of polystyrene nanoparticles in which the same adsorbed protein, bovine serum albumin, leads to binding to two different cell surface receptors: native albumin receptors and scavenger receptors. Using a combination of circular dichroism spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and fluorescence spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the secondary structure of the adsorbed bovine serum albumin protein controls the cellular receptors used by the protein-nanoparticle complexes. These results show that protein secondary structure is a key parameter in determining the cell surface receptor used by a protein-nanoparticle complex. We expect this link between protein structure and cellular outcomes will provide a molecular basis for the design of nanoparticles for use in biological and biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candace
C. Fleischer
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute
for Bioengineering
and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Christine K. Payne
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute
for Bioengineering
and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fleischer C, Payne CK. Nanoparticle-cell interactions: molecular structure of the protein corona and cellular outcomes. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2651-9. [PMID: 25014679 PMCID: PMC4139184 DOI: 10.1021/ar500190q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in biology and medicine requires a molecular-level understanding of how NPs interact with cells in a physiological environment. A critical difference between well-controlled in vitro experiments and in vivo applications is the presence of a complex mixture of extracellular proteins. It has been established that extracellular serum proteins present in blood will adsorb onto the surface of NPs, forming a "protein corona". Our goal was to understand how this protein layer affected cellular-level events, including NP binding, internalization, and transport. A combination of microscopy, which provides spatial resolution, and spectroscopy, which provides molecular information, is necessary to probe protein-NP-cell interactions. Initial experiments used a model system composed of polystyrene NPs functionalized with either amine or carboxylate groups to provide a cationic or anionic surface, respectively. Serum proteins adsorb onto the surface of both cationic and anionic NPs, forming a net anionic protein-NP complex. Although these protein-NP complexes have similar diameters and effective surface charges, they show the exact opposite behavior in terms of cellular binding. In the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA), the cellular binding of BSA-NP complexes formed from cationic NPs is enhanced, whereas the cellular binding of BSA-NP complexes formed from anionic NPs is inhibited. These trends are independent of NP diameter or cell type. Similar results were obtained for anionic quantum dots and colloidal gold nanospheres. Using competition assays, we determined that BSA-NP complexes formed from anionic NPs bind to albumin receptors on the cell surface. BSA-NP complexes formed from cationic NPs are redirected to scavenger receptors. The observation that similar NPs with identical protein corona compositions bind to different cellular receptors suggested that a difference in the structure of the adsorbed protein may be responsible for the differences in cellular binding of the protein-NP complexes. Circular dichroism spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and fluorescence spectroscopy show that the structure of BSA is altered following incubation with cationic NPs, but not anionic NPs. Single-particle-tracking fluorescence microscopy was used to follow the cellular internalization and transport of protein-NP complexes. The single particle-tracking experiments show that the protein corona remains bound to the NP throughout endocytic uptake and transport. The interaction of protein-NP complexes with cells is a challenging question, as the adsorbed protein corona controls the interaction of the NP with the cell; however, the NP itself alters the structure of the adsorbed protein. A combination of microscopy and spectroscopy is necessary to understand this complex interaction, enabling the rational design of NPs for biological and medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candace
C. Fleischer
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute
for Bioengineering
and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Christine K. Payne
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute
for Bioengineering
and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dakwar GR, Zagato E, Delanghe J, Hobel S, Aigner A, Denys H, Braeckmans K, Ceelen W, De Smedt SC, Remaut K. Colloidal stability of nano-sized particles in the peritoneal fluid: towards optimizing drug delivery systems for intraperitoneal therapy. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2965-75. [PMID: 24657672 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of nano-sized delivery vehicles containing small interfering RNA (siRNA) has recently gained attention as an alternative route for the efficient treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. The colloidal stability of nanomatter following IP administration has, however, not been thoroughly investigated yet. Here, enabled by advanced microscopy methods such as single particle tracking and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we follow the aggregation and cargo release of nano-scaled systems directly in peritoneal fluids from healthy mice and ascites fluid from a patient diagnosed with peritoneal carcinomatosis. The colloidal stability in the peritoneal fluids was systematically studied as a function of the charge (positive or negative) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) degree of liposomes and polystyrene nanoparticles, and compared to human serum. Our data demonstrate strong aggregation of cationic and anionic nanoparticles in the peritoneal fluids, while only slight aggregation was observed for the PEGylated ones. PEGylated liposomes, however, lead to a fast and premature release of siRNA cargo in the peritoneal fluids. Based on our observations, we reflect on how to tailor improved delivery systems for IP therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George R Dakwar
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisa Zagato
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Laboratory for Clinical Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Hobel
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hannelore Denys
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Ceelen
- Department of Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kotagiri N, Kim JW. Stealth nanotubes: strategies of shielding carbon nanotubes to evade opsonization and improve biodistribution. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9 Suppl 1:85-105. [PMID: 24872705 PMCID: PMC4024978 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s51854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently been in the limelight for their potential role in disease diagnostics and therapeutics, as well as in tissue engineering. Before these medical applications can be realized, there is a need to address issues like opsonization, phagocytosis by macrophages, and sequestration to the liver and spleen for eventual elimination from the body; along with equally important issues such as aqueous solubility, dispersion, biocompatibility, and biofunctionalization. CNTs have not been shown to be able to evade such biological obstacles, which include their nonspecific attachments to cells and other biological components in the bloodstream, before reaching target tissues and cells in vivo. This will eventually determine their longevity in circulation and clearance rate from the body. This review article discusses the current status, challenges, practical strategies, and implementations of coating CNTs with biocompatible and opsonin-resistant moieties, rendering CNTs transparent to opsonins and deceiving the innate immune response to make believe that the CNTs are not foreign. A holistic approach to the development of such "stealth" CNTs is presented, which encompasses not only several biophysicochemical factors that are not limited to surface treatment of CNTs, but also extraneous biological factors such as the protein corona formation that inevitably controls the in vivo fate of the particles. This review also discusses the present and potential applications, along with the future directions, of CNTs and their hybrid-based nanotheranostic agents for multiplex, multimodal molecular imaging and therapy, as well as in other applications, such as drug delivery and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nalinikanth Kotagiri
- Bio/Nano Technology Laboratory, Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Optical Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Bio/Nano Technology Laboratory, Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Walkey CD, Olsen JB, Song F, Liu R, Guo H, Olsen DWH, Cohen Y, Emili A, Chan WCW. Protein corona fingerprinting predicts the cellular interaction of gold and silver nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2014; 8:2439-55. [PMID: 24517450 DOI: 10.1021/nn406018q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Using quantitative models to predict the biological interactions of nanoparticles will accelerate the translation of nanotechnology. Here, we characterized the serum protein corona 'fingerprint' formed around a library of 105 surface-modified gold nanoparticles. Applying a bioinformatics-inspired approach, we developed a multivariate model that uses the protein corona fingerprint to predict cell association 50% more accurately than a model that uses parameters describing nanoparticle size, aggregation state, and surface charge. Our model implicates a set of hyaluronan-binding proteins as mediators of nanoparticle-cell interactions. This study establishes a framework for developing a comprehensive database of protein corona fingerprints and biological responses for multiple nanoparticle types. Such a database can be used to develop quantitative relationships that predict the biological responses to nanoparticles and will aid in uncovering the fundamental mechanisms of nano-bio interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl D Walkey
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, §Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, ⊥Department of Chemical Engineering, ∥Department of Chemistry, #Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Movia D, Gerard V, Maguire CM, Jain N, Bell AP, Nicolosi V, O'Neill T, Scholz D, Gun'ko Y, Volkov Y, Prina-Mello A. A safe-by-design approach to the development of gold nanoboxes as carriers for internalization into cancer cells. Biomaterials 2014; 35:2543-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
34
|
Hill A, Payne CK. Impact of Serum Proteins on MRI Contrast Agents: Cellular Binding and T 2 relaxation. RSC Adv 2014; 4:31735-31744. [PMID: 25485101 DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04246h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) used as MRI contrast agents or for theranostic applications encounter a complex mixture of extracellular proteins that adsorb on the SPION surface forming a protein corona. Our goal was to understand how cellular binding and T2 relaxation times are affected by this protein corona. Our studies focused on carboxymethyl dextran-modified SPIONs, chosen for their similarity to Resovist SPIONs used to detect liver lesions. Using a combination of fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, we find that the cellular binding of SPIONs to both macrophages and epithelial cells is significantly inhibited by serum proteins. To determine if this decreased binding is due to the iron oxide core or the carboxymethyl dextran surface coating, we functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles with a similar carboxymethyl dextran coating. We find a comparable decrease in cellular binding for the carboxymethyl dextran-polystyrene nanoparticles indicating that the carbohydrate surface modification is the key factor in SPION-cell interactions. NMR measurements showed that T2 relaxation times are not affected by corona formation. These results indicate that SPIONs have a decreased binding to cells under physiological conditions, possibly limiting their use in theranostic applications. We expect these results will be useful in the design of SPIONs for future diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hill
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States
| | - Christine K Payne
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yassin AA, Elwaseef AM, Elnashar MM, Oldenburg J, Mayer G, Pötzsch B, Müller J. Protamine-adsorbed magnetic nanoparticles for efficient isolation and concentration of hepatitis-C virus from human plasma samples. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:590-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46793g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
36
|
Wang F, Yu L, Monopoli MP, Sandin P, Mahon E, Salvati A, Dawson KA. The biomolecular corona is retained during nanoparticle uptake and protects the cells from the damage induced by cationic nanoparticles until degraded in the lysosomes. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:1159-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
37
|
Dominguez-Medina S, Blankenburg J, Olson J, Landes CF, Link S. Adsorption of a Protein Monolayer via Hydrophobic Interactions Prevents Nanoparticle Aggregation under Harsh Environmental Conditions. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2013; 1:833-842. [PMID: 23914342 PMCID: PMC3731158 DOI: 10.1021/sc400042h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We find that citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles aggregate and precipitate in saline solutions below the NaCl concentration of many bodily fluids and blood plasma. Our experiments indicate that this is due to complexation of the citrate anions with Na+ cations in solution. A dramatically enhanced colloidal stability is achieved when bovine serum albumin is adsorbed to the gold nanoparticle surface, completely preventing nanoparticle aggregation under harsh environmental conditions where the NaCl concentration is well beyond the isotonic point. Furthermore, we explore the mechanism of the formation of this albumin 'corona' and find that monolayer protein adsorption is most likely ruled by hydrophobic interactions. As for many nanotechnology-based biomedical and environmental applications, particle aggregation and sedimentation are undesirable and could substantially increase the risk of toxicological side-effects, the formation of the BSA corona presented here provides a low-cost bio-compatible strategy for nanoparticle stabilization and transport in highly ionic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Dominguez-Medina
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Jan Blankenburg
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Jana Olson
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Christy F. Landes
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
- Corresponding authors,
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
- Corresponding authors,
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pearson RT, Avila-Olias M, Joseph AS, Nyberg S, Battaglia G. Smart Polymersomes: Formation, Characterisation and Applications. SMART MATERIALS FOR DRUG DELIVERY 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849736800-00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The term polymersome, which refers to a fully synthetic polymeric vesicle, became commonplace around the turn of the millennium. Since then these highly intriguing structures have been at the center of multi-disciplinary research, bridging the fields of nanotechnology, chemistry, physics, biology, medicine and imaging and, more recently, pioneering the field of synthetic biology. As structures they offer greater control into understanding the relationship between amphiphile properties and membrane curvature. Moreover, as delivery vectors for therapeutic and diagnostic compounds they enable greater efficiency of current therapies and targeted delivery. With the rising costs of both healthcare and drug development, polymersomes and nanomedicine are well placed to combat these modern-day problems. This chapter provides an overview of the approaches to prepare and to characterize polymersomes as well as their applications in biomedicine, highlighting recent achievements in the stimuli-responsive drug delivery field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. T. Pearson
- The Krebs Institute The Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TN UK
| | - M. Avila-Olias
- The Krebs Institute The Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TN UK
| | - A. S. Joseph
- The Krebs Institute The Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TN UK
| | - S. Nyberg
- The Krebs Institute The Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TN UK
| | - G. Battaglia
- The Krebs Institute The Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TN UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fleischer CC, Kumar U, Payne CK. Cellular Binding of Anionic Nanoparticles is Inhibited by Serum Proteins Independent of Nanoparticle Composition. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:975-982. [PMID: 23956836 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60121h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles used in biological applications encounter a complex mixture of extracellular proteins. Adsorption of these proteins on the nanoparticle surface results in the formation of a "protein corona," which can dominate the interaction of the nanoparticle with the cellular environment. The goal of this research was to determine how nanoparticle composition and surface modification affect the cellular binding of protein-nanoparticle complexes. We examined the cellular binding of a collection of commonly used anionic nanoparticles: quantum dots, colloidal gold nanoparticles, and low-density lipoprotein particles, in the presence and absence of extracellular proteins. These experiments have the advantage of comparing different nanoparticles under identical conditions. Using a combination of fluorescence and dark field microscopy, flow cytometry, and spectroscopy, we find that cellular binding of these anionic nanoparticles is inhibited by serum proteins independent of nanoparticle composition or surface modification. We expect these results will aid in the design of nanoparticles for in vivo applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candace C Fleischer
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Monopoli MP, Aberg C, Salvati A, Dawson KA. Biomolecular coronas provide the biological identity of nanosized materials. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 7:779-86. [PMID: 23212421 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1856] [Impact Index Per Article: 154.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The search for understanding the interactions of nanosized materials with living organisms is leading to the rapid development of key applications, including improved drug delivery by targeting nanoparticles, and resolution of the potential threat of nanotechnological devices to organisms and the environment. Unless they are specifically designed to avoid it, nanoparticles in contact with biological fluids are rapidly covered by a selected group of biomolecules to form a corona that interacts with biological systems. Here we review the basic concept of the nanoparticle corona and its structure and composition, and highlight how the properties of the corona may be linked to its biological impacts. We conclude with a critical assessment of the key problems that need to be resolved in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco P Monopoli
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Schrade A, Mailänder V, Ritz S, Landfester K, Ziener U. Surface Roughness and Charge Influence the Uptake of Nanoparticles: Fluorescently Labeled Pickering-Type Versus Surfactant-Stabilized Nanoparticles. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1459-71. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
42
|
Fleischer CC, Payne CK. Nanoparticle surface charge mediates the cellular receptors used by protein-nanoparticle complexes. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:8901-7. [PMID: 22774860 DOI: 10.1021/jp304630q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are increasingly important for biological applications ranging from drug delivery to cellular imaging. In the course of these applications, nanoparticles are exposed to a complex environment of extracellular proteins that can be adsorbed onto the surface of the nanoparticle, altering nanoparticle-cell interactions. We have investigated how proteins found in blood serum affect the binding of nanoparticles to the surface of cells. Using fluorescence microscopy, we find that the cellular binding of cationic nanoparticles is enhanced by the presence of serum proteins, while the binding of anionic nanoparticles is inhibited. We have determined that this difference in cellular binding is due to the use of distinct cellular receptors. Competition assays, quantified with flow cytometry, show that the protein-nanoparticle complex formed from the cationic nanoparticles binds to scavenger receptors on the cell surface. Interestingly, the protein-nanoparticle complex formed from anionic nanoparticles binds to native protein receptors. As nanoparticles become increasingly important for in vivo applications, we expect these results will inform the design of nanoparticles with improved cellular binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candace C Fleischer
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dominguez-Medina S, McDonough S, Swanglap P, Landes CF, Link S. In situ measurement of bovine serum albumin interaction with gold nanospheres. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:9131-9. [PMID: 22515552 PMCID: PMC3378771 DOI: 10.1021/la3005213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present in situ observations of adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on citrate-stabilized gold nanospheres. We implemented scattering correlation spectroscopy as a tool to quantify changes in the nanoparticle brownian motion resulting from BSA adsorption onto the nanoparticle surface. Protein binding was observed as an increase in the nanoparticle hydrodynamic radius. Our results indicate the formation of a protein monolayer at similar albumin concentrations as those found in human blood. Additionally, by monitoring the frequency and intensity of individual scattering events caused by single gold nanoparticles passing the observation volume, we found that BSA did not induce colloidal aggregation, a relevant result from the toxicological viewpoint. Moreover, to elucidate the thermodynamics of the gold nanoparticle-BSA association, we measured an adsorption isotherm which was best described by an anticooperative binding model. The number of binding sites based on this model was consistent with a BSA monolayer in its native state. In contrast, experiments using poly(ethylene glycol)-capped gold nanoparticles revealed no evidence for adsorption of BSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Dominguez-Medina
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Steven McDonough
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Pattanawit Swanglap
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Christy F. Landes
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
- Corresponding author,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Humphries WH, Payne CK. Imaging lysosomal enzyme activity in live cells using self-quenched substrates. Anal Biochem 2012; 424:178-83. [PMID: 22387398 PMCID: PMC3327787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis, the internalization and transport of extracellular cargo, is an essential cellular process. The ultimate step in endocytosis is the intracellular degradation of extracellular cargo for use by the cell. While live cell imaging and single particle tracking have been well-utilized to study the internalization and transport of cargo, the final degradation step has required separate biochemical assays. We describe the use of self-quenched endocytic cargo to image the intracellular transport and degradation of endocytic cargo directly in live cells. We first outline the fluorescent labeling and quantification of two common endocytic cargos: a protein, bovine serum albumin, and a lipid nanoparticle, low-density lipoprotein. In vitro measurements confirm that self-quenching is a function of the number of fluorophores bound to the protein or particle and that recovery of the fluorescent signal occurs in response to enzymatic degradation. We then use confocal fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry to demonstrate the use of self-quenched bovine serum albumin with standard fluorescence techniques. Using live cell imaging and single particle tracking, we find that the degradation of bovine serum albumin occurs in an endo-lysosomal vesicle that is positive for LAMP1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William. H. Humphries
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Christine K. Payne
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dreaden EC, Alkilany AM, Huang X, Murphy CJ, El-Sayed MA. The golden age: gold nanoparticles for biomedicine. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:2740-79. [PMID: 22109657 PMCID: PMC5876014 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15237h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2013] [Impact Index Per Article: 167.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles have been used in biomedical applications since their first colloidal syntheses more than three centuries ago. However, over the past two decades, their beautiful colors and unique electronic properties have also attracted tremendous attention due to their historical applications in art and ancient medicine and current applications in enhanced optoelectronics and photovoltaics. In spite of their modest alchemical beginnings, gold nanoparticles exhibit physical properties that are truly different from both small molecules and bulk materials, as well as from other nanoscale particles. Their unique combination of properties is just beginning to be fully realized in range of medical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This critical review will provide insights into the design, synthesis, functionalization, and applications of these artificial molecules in biomedicine and discuss their tailored interactions with biological systems to achieve improved patient health. Further, we provide a survey of the rapidly expanding body of literature on this topic and argue that gold nanotechnology-enabled biomedicine is not simply an act of 'gilding the (nanomedicinal) lily', but that a new 'Golden Age' of biomedical nanotechnology is truly upon us. Moving forward, the most challenging nanoscience ahead of us will be to find new chemical and physical methods of functionalizing gold nanoparticles with compounds that can promote efficient binding, clearance, and biocompatibility and to assess their safety to other biological systems and their long-term term effects on human health and reproduction (472 references).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik C. Dreaden
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA
| | - Alaaldin M. Alkilany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Health Sciences University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, 213 Smith Chemistry Bldg, Memphis, TN 38152-3550, USA
| | - Catherine J. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. E-mail: ; Fax: +1 217 244 3186; Tel: +1 217 333 7680
| | - Mostafa A. El-Sayed
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Doorley GW, Payne CK. Nanoparticles act as protein carriers during cellular internalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2961-3. [PMID: 22328990 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16937a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-colour fluorescence microscopy was used to track the cellular internalization of nanoparticles exposed to extracellular serum proteins. Single particle tracking revealed that nanoparticles and serum proteins are internalized and transported through the cell as a single complex. This study demonstrates the importance of nanoparticle-protein interactions in cellular applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard W Doorley
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cho WS, Duffin R, Thielbeer F, Bradley M, Megson IL, MacNee W, Poland CA, Tran CL, Donaldson K. Zeta Potential and Solubility to Toxic Ions as Mechanisms of Lung Inflammation Caused by Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. Toxicol Sci 2012; 126:469-77. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
48
|
Nagy A, Zane A, Cole SL, Severance M, Dutta PK, Waldman WJ. Contrast of the biological activity of negatively and positively charged microwave synthesized CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:2176-88. [PMID: 22092015 DOI: 10.1021/tx2003195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals that have found use in bioimaging, cell tracking, and drug delivery. This article compares the cytotoxicity and cellular interactions of positively and negatively charged CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs prepared by a microwave method using a murine alveolar macrophage-like cell culture model. Keeping the core semiconductor the same, QD charge was varied by altering the surface capping molecule; negatively charged QDs were formed with mercaptopropionic acid (MPA-QDs) and positively charged QDs with thiocholine (THIO-QDs). The size and charge of these two QDs were investigated in three types of media (RPMI, RPMI + FBS, and X-VIVO serum-free media) relevant for the biological studies. MPA-QDs were found to have negative zeta potential in RPMI, RPMI + FBS, and serum-free media and had sizes ranging from 8 to 54 nm. THIO-QDs suspended in RPMI alone were <62 nm in size, while large aggregates (greater than 1000 nm) formed when these QDs were suspended in RPMI + FBS and serum-free media. THIO-QDs retained positive zeta potential in RPMI and were found to have a negative zeta potential in RPMI + FBS and nearly neutral zeta potential in serum-free media. In a cell culture model, both MPA-QDs and THIO-QDs caused comparable levels of apoptosis and necrosis. Both QDs induced significant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) secretion only at high concentrations (>250 nM). Both types of QDs were internalized via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Using real-time, live cell imaging, we found that MPA-QDs interact with the cell surface within minutes and progress through the endocytic pathway to the lysosomes upon internalization. With the THIO-QDs, the internalization process was slower, but the pathways could not be mapped because of spectroscopic interference caused by QD aggregates. Finally, MPA-QDs were found to associate with cell surface scavenger receptors, while the THIO-QDs did not. This study indicates that the surface charge and aggregation characteristics of QDs change drastically in biological culture conditions and, in turn, influence nanoparticle and cellular interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Nagy
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Walkey CD, Chan WCW. Understanding and controlling the interaction of nanomaterials with proteins in a physiological environment. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 41:2780-99. [PMID: 22086677 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15233e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1139] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials hold promise as multifunctional diagnostic and therapeutic agents. However, the effective application of nanomaterials is hampered by limited understanding and control over their interactions with complex biological systems. When a nanomaterial enters a physiological environment, it rapidly adsorbs proteins forming what is known as the protein 'corona'. The protein corona alters the size and interfacial composition of a nanomaterial, giving it a biological identity that is distinct from its synthetic identity. The biological identity determines the physiological response including signalling, kinetics, transport, accumulation, and toxicity. The structure and composition of the protein corona depends on the synthetic identity of the nanomaterial (size, shape, and composition), the nature of the physiological environment (blood, interstitial fluid, cell cytoplasm, etc.), and the duration of exposure. In this critical review, we discuss the formation of the protein corona, its structure and composition, and its influence on the physiological response. We also present an 'adsorbome' of 125 plasma proteins that are known to associate with nanomaterials. We further describe how the protein corona is related to the synthetic identity of a nanomaterial, and highlight efforts to control protein-nanomaterial interactions. We conclude by discussing gaps in the understanding of protein-nanomaterial interactions along with strategies to fill them (167 references).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl D Walkey
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|