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Kudryavtseva V, Sukhorukov GB. Features of Anisotropic Drug Delivery Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307675. [PMID: 38158786 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Natural materials are anisotropic. Delivery systems occurring in nature, such as viruses, blood cells, pollen, and many others, do have anisotropy, while delivery systems made artificially are mostly isotropic. There is apparent complexity in engineering anisotropic particles or capsules with micron and submicron sizes. Nevertheless, some promising examples of how to fabricate particles with anisotropic shapes or having anisotropic chemical and/or physical properties are developed. Anisotropy of particles, once they face biological systems, influences their behavior. Internalization by the cells, flow in the bloodstream, biodistribution over organs and tissues, directed release, and toxicity of particles regardless of the same chemistry are all reported to be factors of anisotropy of delivery systems. Here, the current methods are reviewed to introduce anisotropy to particles or capsules, including loading with various therapeutic cargo, variable physical properties primarily by anisotropic magnetic properties, controlling directional motion, and making Janus particles. The advantages of combining different anisotropy in one entity for delivery and common problems and limitations for fabrication are under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Kudryavtseva
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia
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2
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Li J, Parakhonskiy BV, Skirtach AG. A decade of developing applications exploiting the properties of polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:807-835. [PMID: 36472384 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04806j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Transferring the layer-by-layer (LbL) coating approach from planar surfaces to spherical templates and subsequently dissolving these templates leads to the fabrication of polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules. The versatility of the coatings of capsules and their flexibility upon bringing in virtually any material into the coatings has quickly drawn substantial attention. Here, we provide an overview of the main developments in this field, highlighting the trends in the last decade. In the beginning, various methods of encapsulation and release are discussed followed by a broad range of applications, which were developed and explored. We also outline the current trends, where the range of applications is continuing to grow, including addition of whole new and different application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bogdan V Parakhonskiy
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Chernyshev VS, Nozdriukhin D, Chuprov-Netochin R, Tsydenzhapova E, Novoselova M, Gorin D, Yashchenok A. Engineered multicompartment vesicosomes for selective uptake by living cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Catanzaro E, Feron O, Skirtach AG, Krysko DV. Immunogenic Cell Death and Role of Nanomaterials Serving as Therapeutic Vaccine for Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:925290. [PMID: 35844506 PMCID: PMC9280641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.925290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a rapidly growing research area representing one of the emerging therapeutic strategies of cancer immunotherapy. ICD is an umbrella term covering several cell death modalities including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis, and is the product of a balanced combination of adjuvanticity (damage-associated molecular patterns and chemokines/cytokines) and antigenicity (tumor associated antigens). Only a limited number of anti-cancer therapies are available to induce ICD in experimental cancer therapies and even much less is available for clinical use. To overcome this limitation, nanomaterials can be used to increase the immunogenicity of cancer cells killed by anti-cancer therapy, which in themselves are not necessarily immunogenic. In this review, we outline the current state of knowledge of ICD modalities and discuss achievements in using nanomaterials to increase the immunogenicity of dying cancer cells. The emerging trends in modulating the immunogenicity of dying cancer cells in experimental and translational cancer therapies and the challenges facing them are described. In conclusion, nanomaterials are expected to drive further progress in their use to increase efficacy of anti-cancer therapy based on ICD induction and in the future, it is necessary to validate these strategies in clinical settings, which will be a challenging research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Catanzaro
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - André G. Skirtach
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Nano-BioTechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V. Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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5
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Kudryavtseva V, Bukatin A, Vyacheslavova E, Gould D, Sukhorukov GB. Printed asymmetric microcapsules: Facile loading and multiple stimuli-responsiveness. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212762. [PMID: 35929328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Engineering of colloidal particles and capsules despite substantial progress is still facing a number of unsolved issues including low loading capacity, non-uniform size and shape of carriers, tailoring different functionalities and versatility to encapsulated cargo. In this work, we propose a method for defined-shaped functionally asymmetric polymer capsule fabrication based on a soft lithography approach. The developed capsules consist of two classes of polymers - the main part "cup" is made out of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PAH-PSS) and "lid" is made of biodegradable polyether (PLGA). Asymmetric capsules combine advantages from both traditional layer-by-layer capsules and recently developed printed "pelmeni" capsules. This combination provides stimuli-responsiveness due to polyelectrolyte multilayer properties differing from PLGA. The inner volume of capsules can be loaded with a variety of active compounds and the capsule's geometry is defined due to the soft-lithography method. Capsules have a core-shell structure and monodisperse size distribution. Three methods to trigger cargo release have been demonstrated, namely temperature treatment, ultrasonication and pH shift. Steroidal drug dexamethasone was used to illustrate the applicability of the systems for triggered drug release. The application of proposed asymmetric capsules includes but is not limited to pharmacology, diagnostics, sensors, micro- and nanoreactors and chemical actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Kudryavtseva
- Nanoforce Technology Ltd, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Anton Bukatin
- Alferov Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8/3A Khlopina str, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia; Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31-33 A, Ivana Chernykh str., Saint Petersburg 198095, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Vyacheslavova
- Alferov Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8/3A Khlopina str, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - David Gould
- Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- Nanoforce Technology Ltd, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow 121205, Russian Federation; Siberian State Medical University, Moskovskiy Trakt, 2, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
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6
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Kozlovskaya V, Kharlampieva E. Anisotropic Particles through Multilayer Assembly. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100328. [PMID: 34644008 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The anisotropy in the shape of polymeric particles has been demonstrated to have many advantages over spherical particulates, including bio-mimetic behavior, shaped-directed flow, deformation, surface adhesion, targeting, motion, and permeability. The layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is uniquely suited for synthesizing anisotropic particles as this method allows for simple and versatile replication of diverse colloid geometries with precise control over their chemical and physical properties. This review highlights recent progress in anisotropic particles of micrometer and nanometer sizes produced by a templated multilayer assembly of synthetic and biological macromolecules. Synthetic approaches to produce capsules and hydrogels utilizing anisotropic templates such as biological, polymeric, bulk hydrogel, inorganic colloids, and metal-organic framework crystals as sacrificial templates are overviewed. Structure-property relationships controlled by the anisotropy in particle shape and surface are discussed and compared with their spherical counterparts. Advances and challenges in controlling particle properties through varying shape anisotropy and surface asymmetry are outlined. The perspective applications of anisotropic colloids in biomedicine, including programmed behavior in the blood and tissues as artificial cells, nano-motors/sensors, and intelligent drug carriers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kozlovskaya
- Chemistry Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Chemistry Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,UAB Center for Nanomaterials and Biointegration, UAB O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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Neumann C, Bacher L, Musyanovych A, Tutus M, Latnikova A. Formulation of Next-Generation Multicompartment Microcapsules by Reversible Electrostatic Attraction. Chemistry 2021; 27:9336-9341. [PMID: 33844351 PMCID: PMC8362077 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of several active substances into one carrier is often limited due to solubility, stability and phase-separation issues. These issues have been addressed by an innovative capsule design, in which nanocapsules are assembled on the microcapsule surface by electrostatic forces to form a pH-responsive hierarchical capsule@capsule system. Here, melamine-formaldehyde (MF) microcapsules with a negative surface charge were synthesized and coated with a novel MF-polyethyleneimine (PEI) copolymer to achieve a positive charge of ζ=+28 mV. This novel coating procedure allows the electrostatic assembly of negatively charged poly-l-lactide (PLLA, ζ=-19 mV) and poly-(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA, ζ=-56 mV) nanocapsules on the microcapsule surface. Assembly studies at pH 7 gave a partial surface coverage of PLLA nanocapsules and full surface coverage for PLGA nanocapsules. The pH-responsive adsorption and desorption of nanocapsules was shown at pH 7 and pH 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Neumann
- Microencapsulation/PolysaccharidesFraunhofer IAPGeiselbergstr. 6914476BerlinGermany
| | - Lisa Bacher
- Nanoparticle TechnologyFraunhofer IMMCarl-Zeiss-Str.18-2055129MainzGermany
| | - Anna Musyanovych
- Nanoparticle TechnologyFraunhofer IMMCarl-Zeiss-Str.18-2055129MainzGermany
| | - Murat Tutus
- Membranes and functional filmsFraunhofer IAPGeiselbergstr. 6914476BerlinGermany
| | - Alexandra Latnikova
- Microencapsulation/PolysaccharidesFraunhofer IAPGeiselbergstr. 6914476BerlinGermany
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8
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Lilienthal S, Fischer A, Liao WC, Cazelles R, Willner I. Single and Bilayer Polyacrylamide Hydrogel-Based Microcapsules for the Triggered Release of Loads, Logic Gate Operations, and Intercommunication between Microcapsules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31124-31136. [PMID: 32551490 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A method to assemble loaded stimuli-responsive DNA-polyacrylamide hydrogel-stabilized microcapsules is presented. The method involves coating substrate-loaded CaCO3 microparticles, functionalized with nucleic acid promoter units, and cross-linking DNA-modified polyacrylamide chains on the microcapsules, using the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) to yield the DNA-cross-linked hydrogel coating. Dissolution of the CaCO3 particles generated the substrate-loaded hydrogel-protected microcapsules. The microcapsule-hydrogel shells include engineered stimuli-responsive oligonucleotide cross-linkers that control the stiffness of the hydrogel shells, allowing the triggered release of the loads. One approach includes the incorporation of cofactor-dependent DNAzyme units into the cross-linked hydrogel layers (cofactor = Mg2+ ions, Zn2+ ions, or histidine) as stimuli-responsive units. Cleavage of the cross-linking DNAzyme substrates by the respective cofactors yields hydrogel coatings with a reduced stiffness and higher porosity that allow the release of the loads. A further approach involved the application of the HCR process to assemble the bilayer hydrogel microcapsules that are unlocked by two cooperative triggers. Bilayer microcapsules consisting of a K+ ions-stabilized G-quadruplex/18-crown-6-ether (CE) responsive layer and a Mg2+ ion DNAzyme-responsive layers are presented. Unlocking and locking of the G-quadruplex cross-linked layer by 18-crown-6-ether and K+ ions, respectively, in the presence of Mg2+ ions allow the switchable controlled release of the load. In addition, the intercommunication of two kinds of stimuli-responsive bilayer hydrogel microcapsules carrying two different loads (tetramethylrhodamine-dextran, TMR-D, and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots) is demonstrated. The intercommunication process involves the stimuli-triggered generation of "information transfer" strands from one microcapsule to another that activate the release of the loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Lilienthal
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Amit Fischer
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Wei-Ching Liao
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Remi Cazelles
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Van der Meeren L, Li J, Parakhonskiy BV, Krysko DV, Skirtach AG. Classification of analytics, sensorics, and bioanalytics with polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5015-5029. [PMID: 32103307 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) capsules, constructed by LbL (layer-by-layer)-adsorbing polymers on sacrificial templates, have become important carriers due to multifunctionality of materials adsorbed on their surface or encapsulated into their interior. They have been also been used broadly used as analytical tools. Chronologically and traditionally, chemical analytics has been developed first, which has long been synonymous with all analytics. But it is not the only development. To the best of our knowledge, a summary of all advances including their classification is not available to date. Here, we classify analytics, sensorics, and biosensorics functionalities implemented with polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules and coated particles according to the respective stimuli and application areas. In this classification, three distinct categories are identified: (I) chemical analytics (pH; K+, Na+, and Pb2+ ion; oxygen; and hydrogen peroxide sensors and chemical sensing with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)); (II) physical sensorics (temperature, mechanical properties and forces, and osmotic pressure); and (III) biosensorics and bioanalytics (fluorescence, glucose, urea, and protease biosensing and theranostics). In addition to this classification, we discuss also principles of detection using the above-mentioned stimuli. These application areas are expected to grow further, but the classification provided here should help (a) to realize the wealth of already available analytical and bioanalytical tools developed with capsules using inputs of chemical, physical, and biological stimuli and (b) to position future developments in their respective fields according to employed stimuli and application areas. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Van der Meeren
- Nano-Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jie Li
- Nano-Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bogdan V Parakhonskiy
- Nano-Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation, 603950
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Advanced Light Microscopy Centre, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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10
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Parakhonskiy BV, Parak WJ, Volodkin D, Skirtach AG. Hybrids of Polymeric Capsules, Lipids, and Nanoparticles: Thermodynamics and Temperature Rise at the Nanoscale and Emerging Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8574-8583. [PMID: 30964686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The importance of thermodynamics does not need to be emphasized. Indeed, elevated temperature processes govern not only industrial scale production but also self-assembly, chemical reaction, interaction between molecules, etc. Not surprisingly, biological processes typically take place at a specific temperature. Here, we look at possibilities to raise the localized temperature by a laser around noble-metal nanoparticles incorporated into shells of layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte microcapsules-freely suspended delivery vehicles in an aqueous solution, developed in the Department of Interfaces, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, headed by Helmuth Möhwald. Understanding the mechanisms of localized temperature rise is essential, that is why we analyze the influence of incident intensity, nanoparticle size, their distribution and aggregation state, as well as thermodynamics at the nanoscale. This leads us to scrutinize "global" (used for thermal encapsulation) versus "local" (used for release of encapsulated materials) temperature rise. Similar analysis is extended to planar polymeric coatings, the lipid membrane system of vesicles and cells, on which nanoparticles are adsorbed. Insights are provided into the mechanisms of physicochemical and biological effects, the nature of which has always been profoundly, interactively, and engagingly discussed in the Department of Interfaces. This analysis is combined with recent developments providing outlook and highlighting a broad range of emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan V Parakhonskiy
- Nano-BioTechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Fachberich Physik , University of Hamburg , D-22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Dmitry Volodkin
- School Science & Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS , United Kingdom
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Nano-BioTechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
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11
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Layer-by-layer assembly as a robust method to construct extracellular matrix mimic surfaces to modulate cell behavior. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Saveleva MS, Eftekhari K, Abalymov A, Douglas TEL, Volodkin D, Parakhonskiy BV, Skirtach AG. Hierarchy of Hybrid Materials-The Place of Inorganics- in-Organics in it, Their Composition and Applications. Front Chem 2019; 7:179. [PMID: 31019908 PMCID: PMC6459030 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid materials, or hybrids incorporating both organic and inorganic constituents, are emerging as a very potent and promising class of materials due to the diverse, but complementary nature of the properties inherent of these different classes of materials. The complementarity leads to a perfect synergy of properties of desired material and eventually an end-product. The diversity of resultant properties and materials used in the construction of hybrids, leads to a very broad range of application areas generated by engaging very different research communities. We provide here a general classification of hybrid materials, wherein organics-in-inorganics (inorganic materials modified by organic moieties) are distinguished from inorganics-in-organics (organic materials or matrices modified by inorganic constituents). In the former area, the surface functionalization of colloids is distinguished as a stand-alone sub-area. The latter area-functionalization of organic materials by inorganic additives-is the focus of the current review. Inorganic constituents, often in the form of small particles or structures, are made of minerals, clays, semiconductors, metals, carbons, and ceramics. They are shown to be incorporated into organic matrices, which can be distinguished as two classes: chemical and biological. Chemical organic matrices include coatings, vehicles and capsules assembled into: hydrogels, layer-by-layer assembly, polymer brushes, block co-polymers and other assemblies. Biological organic matrices encompass bio-molecules (lipids, polysaccharides, proteins and enzymes, and nucleic acids) as well as higher level organisms: cells, bacteria, and microorganisms. In addition to providing details of the above classification and analysis of the composition of hybrids, we also highlight some antagonistic yin-&-yang properties of organic and inorganic materials, review applications and provide an outlook to emerging trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia S. Saveleva
- Nano-BioTechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Remote Controlled Theranostic Systems Lab, Educational Research Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Karaneh Eftekhari
- Nano-BioTechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anatolii Abalymov
- Remote Controlled Theranostic Systems Lab, Educational Research Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Timothy E. L. Douglas
- Engineering Department and Materials Science Institute (MSI), Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Volodkin
- School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bogdan V. Parakhonskiy
- Nano-BioTechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andre G. Skirtach
- Nano-BioTechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Dai Y, Chen X, Zhang X. Recent Developments in the Area of Click‐Crosslinked Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800541. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of Ministry of EducationFaculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process IntensificationXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of Ministry of EducationFaculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
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Madaboosi N, Uhlig K, Schmidt S, Vikulina AS, Möhwald H, Duschl C, Volodkin D. A “Cell-Friendly” Window for the Interaction of Cells with Hyaluronic Acid/Poly-l
-Lysine Multilayers. Macromol Biosci 2017; 18. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Madaboosi
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (Fraunhofer IZI-BB); Department Cellular Biotechnology & Biochips; Am Mühlenberg 13 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Katja Uhlig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (Fraunhofer IZI-BB); Department Cellular Biotechnology & Biochips; Am Mühlenberg 13 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (Fraunhofer IZI-BB); Department Cellular Biotechnology & Biochips; Am Mühlenberg 13 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Universiätsstr.1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Anna S. Vikulina
- School of Science and Technology; Nottingham Trent University; Clifton Lane Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
| | - Helmuth Möhwald
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Claus Duschl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (Fraunhofer IZI-BB); Department Cellular Biotechnology & Biochips; Am Mühlenberg 13 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Dmitry Volodkin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (Fraunhofer IZI-BB); Department Cellular Biotechnology & Biochips; Am Mühlenberg 13 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
- School of Science and Technology; Nottingham Trent University; Clifton Lane Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
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Zhou X, Wu K, Long R, Kankala RK, Wang S, Liu Y. Preparation of a MVL-Ca-Alg/CS MEMs system with add-on effect for type 2 diabetes treatment. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1383249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kejing Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ruimin Long
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shibin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuangang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
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Parakhonskiy B, Zyuzin MV, Yashchenok A, Carregal-Romero S, Rejman J, Möhwald H, Parak WJ, Skirtach AG. The influence of the size and aspect ratio of anisotropic, porous CaCO3 particles on their uptake by cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:53. [PMID: 26337452 PMCID: PMC4558630 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports highlighting the role of particle geometry have suggested that anisotropy can affect the rate and the pathway of particle uptake by cells. Therefore, we investigate the internalization by cells of porous calcium carbonate particles with different shapes and anisotropies. RESULTS We report here on a new method of the synthesis of polyelectrolyte coated calcium carbonate particles whose geometry was controlled by varying the mixing speed and time, pH value of the reaction solution, and ratio of the interacting salts used for particle formation. Uptake of spherical, cuboidal, ellipsoidal (with two different sizes) polyelectrolyte coated calcium carbonate particles was studied in cervical carcinoma cells. Quantitative data were obtained from the analysis of confocal laser scanning microscopy images. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the number of internalized calcium carbonate particles depends on the aspect ratio of the particle, whereby elongated particles (higher aspect ratio) are internalized with a higher frequency than more spherical particles (lower aspect ratio). The total volume of internalized particles scales with the volume of the individual particles, in case equal amount of particles were added per cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Parakhonskiy
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia.
| | - Mikhail V Zyuzin
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Alexey Yashchenok
- Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia.
- Department of Interfaces, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
| | | | - Joanna Rejman
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Helmuth Möhwald
- Department of Interfaces, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Department of Interfaces, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
- NanoBio-Photonics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Vikulina AS, Aleed ST, Paulraj T, Vladimirov YA, Duschl C, von Klitzing R, Volodkin D. Temperature-induced molecular transport through polymer multilayers coated with PNIPAM microgels. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:12771-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Composite polymer films with temperature controlled permeability are designed by coating soft polyelectrolyte multilayers with PNIPAM microgels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Vikulina
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
- The Faculty of Fundamental Medicine
- Laboratory of Medical Biophysics
| | - S. T. Aleed
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - T. Paulraj
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
| | - Yu. A. Vladimirov
- The Faculty of Fundamental Medicine
- Laboratory of Medical Biophysics
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - C. Duschl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
| | - R. von Klitzing
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - D. Volodkin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
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Pinchasik BE, Möhwald H, Skirtach AG. Mimicking bubble use in nature: propulsion of Janus particles due to hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:2670-7. [PMID: 24664591 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bubbles are widely used by animals in nature in order to fulfill important functions. They are used by animals in order to walk underwater or to stabilize themselves at the water/air interface. The main aim of this work is to imitate such phenomena, which is the essence of biomimetics. Here, bubbles are used to propel and to control the location of Janus particles in an aqueous medium. The synthesis of Janus SiO2-Ag and polystyrene-Ag (PS-Ag) particles through embedment in Parafilm is presented. The Janus particles, partially covered with catalytically active Ag nanoparticles, are redispersed in water and placed on a glass substrate. The active Ag sites are used for the splitting of H2O2 into water and oxygen. As a result, an oxygen bubble is formed on one side of the particle and promotes its propulsion. Once formed, the bubble-particle complex is stable and therefore, can be manipulated by tuning hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions with the surface. In this way a transition between two- and three- dimensional motion is possible by changing the hydrophobicity of the substrate. Similar principles are used in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bat-El Pinchasik
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Interfaces, D14476, Germany
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del Mercato LL, Ferraro MM, Baldassarre F, Mancarella S, Greco V, Rinaldi R, Leporatti S. Biological applications of LbL multilayer capsules: from drug delivery to sensing. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 207:139-54. [PMID: 24625331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) capsules engineered with active elements for targeting, labeling, sensing and delivery hold great promise for the controlled delivery of drugs and the development of new sensing platforms. PEM capsules composed of biodegradable polyelectrolytes are fabricated for intracellular delivery of encapsulated cargo (for example peptides, enzymes, DNA, and drugs) through gradual biodegradation of the shell components. PEM capsules with shells responsive to environmental or physical stimuli are exploited to control drug release. In the presence of appropriate triggers (e.g., pH variation or light irradiation) the pores of the multilayer shell are unlocked, leading to the controlled release of encapsulated cargos. By loading sensing elements in the capsules interior, PEM capsules sensitive to biological analytes, such as ions and metabolites, are assembled and used to detect analyte concentration changes in the surrounding environment. This Review aims to evaluate the current state of PEM capsules for drug delivery and sensing applications.
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Abstract
Porous CaCO₃ vaterite microparticles have been introduced a decade ago as sacrificial cores and becoming nowadays as one of the most popular templates to encapsulate bioactive molecules. This is due to the following beneficial features: i) mild decomposition conditions, ii) highly developed surface area, and iii) controlled size as well as easy and chip preparation. Such properties allow one to template and design particles with well tuned material properties in terms of composition, structure, functionality -- the parameters crucially important for bioapplications. This review presents a recent progress in utilizing the CaCO₃ cores for the assembly of micrometer-sized beads and capsules with encapsulated both small drugs and large biomacromolecules. Bioapplications of all the particles for drug delivery, biotechnology, and biosensing as well as future perspectives for templating are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Volodkin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Lee KJ, Park TH, Hwang S, Yoon J, Lahann J. Janus-core and shell microfibers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6181-6186. [PMID: 23617390 DOI: 10.1021/la4009416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Janus microcylinders composed of different polymers were prepared through coaxial co-jetting with dual-core flows, followed by cross-linking, microsectioning, and shell removal. Uniquely shaped building blocks can be fabricated by photo-patterning of one hemisphere of the microcylinders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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26
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Walther A, Müller AHE. Janus Particles: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, Physical Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5194-261. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300089t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1328] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walther
- DWI at RWTH Aachen University − Institute for Interactive Materials Research, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55099 Mainz,
Germany
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Xiong R, Soenen SJ, Braeckmans K, Skirtach AG. Towards theranostic multicompartment microcapsules: in-situ diagnostics and laser-induced treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:141-51. [PMID: 23471141 PMCID: PMC3590584 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paving the way towards the application of polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules in theranostics, we describe diagnostic multi-functionality and drug delivery using multicompartment polymeric capsules which represent the next generation of drug delivery carriers. Their versatility is particularly important for potential applications in the area of theranostics wherein the carriers are endowed with the functionality for both diagnostics and therapy. Responsiveness towards external stimuli is attractive for providing controlled and on-demand release of encapsulated materials. An overview of external stimuli is presented with an emphasis on light as a physical stimulus which has been widely used for activation of microcapsules and release of their contents. In this article we also describe existing and new approaches to build multicompartment microcapsules as well as means available to achieve controlled and triggered release from their subcompartments, with a focus on applications in theranostics. Outlook for future directions in the area are highlighted.
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Yashchenok A, Parakhonskiy B, Donatan S, Kohler D, Skirtach A, Möhwald H. Polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules templated on spherical, elliptical and square calcium carbonate particles. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1223-1228. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00416j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Kolesnikova TA, Skirtach AG, Möhwald H. Red blood cells and polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules: natural carriers versus polymer-based drug delivery vehicles. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 10:47-58. [PMID: 23078091 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.730516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Red blood cells (RBCs) and lipid-based carriers on the one hand and polymeric capsules on the other hand represent two of the most widely used carriers in drug delivery. Each class of these carriers has its own set of properties, specificity and advantages. Thorough comparative studies of such systems are reported here for the first time. AREAS COVERED In this review, RBCs are described in comparison with synthetic polymeric drug delivery vehicles using polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules as an example. Lipid-based composition of the shell in the former case is particularly attractive due to their inherent biocompatibility and flexibility of the carriers. On the other hand, synthetic approaches to fabrication of polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules permit manipulation of the permeability of their shell as well as tuning their composition, mechanical properties, release methods and targeting. EXPERT OPINION In conclusion, properties of RBCs and polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules are reported here highlighting similarities and differences in their preparation and applications. In addition, their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Kolesnikova
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Interfaces, Golm/Potsdam, D14476, Germany.
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30
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Marchenko I, Yashchenok A, Borodina T, Bukreeva T, Konrad M, Möhwald H, Skirtach A. Controlled enzyme-catalyzed degradation of polymeric capsules templated on CaCO₃: influence of the number of LbL layers, conditions of degradation, and disassembly of multicompartments. J Control Release 2012; 162:599-605. [PMID: 22902593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-catalyzed degradation of CaCO₃-templated capsules is presented. We investigate a) biodegradable, b) mixed biodegradable/synthetic, and c) multicompartment polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules with different numbers of polymer layers. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy we observed the kinetics of the non-specific protease Pronase-induced degradation of capsules is slowed down on the order of hours by either increasing the number of layers in the wall of biodegradable capsules, or by inserting synthetic polyelectrolyte multilayers into the shell comprised of biodegradable polymers. The degradation rate increases with the concentration of Pronase. Controlled detachment of subcompartments of multicompartment capsules, with potential for intracellular delivery or in-vivo applications, is also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Marchenko
- Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia
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31
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Schmidt S, Madaboosi N, Uhlig K, Köhler D, Skirtach A, Duschl C, Möhwald H, Volodkin DV. Control of cell adhesion by mechanical reinforcement of soft polyelectrolyte films with nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:7249-57. [PMID: 22509757 DOI: 10.1021/la300635z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemical cross-linking is the standard approach to tune the mechanical properties of polymer coatings for cell culture applications. Here we show that the elastic modulus of highly swollen polyelectrolyte films composed of poly(L-lysine) (PLL) and hyaluronic acid (HA) can be changed by more than 1 order of magnitude by addition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a one-step procedure. This hydrogel-nanoparticle architecture has great potential as a platform for advanced cell engineering application, for example remote release of drugs. As a first step toward utilization of such films for biomedical applications we identify the most favorable polymer/nanoparticle composition for optimized cell adhesion on the films. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) we determine the following surface parameters that are relevant for cell adhesion, i.e., stiffness, roughness, and protein interactions. Optimized cell adhesion is observed for films with an elastic modulus of about 1 MPa and a surface roughness on the order of 30 nm. The analysis further shows that AuNPs are not incorporated in the HA/PLL bulk but form clusters on the film surface. Combined studies of the elastic modulus and surface topography indicate a cluster percolation threshold at a critical surface coverage above which the film stiffness drastically increases. In this context we also discuss changes in film thickness, material density and swelling ratio due to nanoparticle treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Schmidt
- Fraunhofer Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Volodkin D, Skirtach A, Möhwald H. Bioapplications of light-sensitive polymer films and capsules assembled using the layer-by-layer technique. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kohler D, Madaboosi N, Delcea M, Schmidt S, De Geest BG, Volodkin DV, Möhwald H, Skirtach AG. Patchiness of embedded particles and film stiffness control through concentration of gold nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:1095-1100. [PMID: 22266798 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201103958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Patchy particles are fabricated using a method of embedding-into and extracting-from thick, biocompatible, gel-like HA/PLL films. Control over the patchiness is achieved by adjusting the stiffness of films, which affects embedding and masking of particles. The stiffness is adjusted by the concentration of gold nanoparticles adsorbed onto the surface of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kohler
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
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34
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De Koker S, Hoogenboom R, De Geest BG. Polymeric multilayer capsules for drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:2867-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15296g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tong W, Song X, Gao C. Layer-by-layer assembly of microcapsules and their biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6103-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35088b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Delcea M, Möhwald H, Skirtach AG. Stimuli-responsive LbL capsules and nanoshells for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:730-47. [PMID: 21463658 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Review of basic principles and recent developments in the area of stimuli responsive polymeric capsules and nanoshells formed via layer-by-layer (LbL) is presented. The most essential attributes of the LbL approach are multifunctionality and responsiveness to a multitude of stimuli. The stimuli can be logically divided into three categories: physical (light, electric, magnetic, ultrasound, mechanical, and temperature), chemical (pH, ionic strength, solvent, and electrochemical) and biological (enzymes and receptors). Using these stimuli, numerous functionalities of nanoshells have been demonstrated: encapsulation, release including that inside living cells or in tissue, sensors, enzymatic reactions, enhancement of mechanical properties, and fusion. This review describes mechanisms and basic principles of stimuli effects, describes progress in the area, and gives an outlook on emerging trends such as theranostics and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Delcea
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Pavlov AM, Sapelkin AV, Huang X, P'ng KMY, Bushby AJ, Sukhorukov GB, Skirtach AG. Neuron Cells Uptake of Polymeric Microcapsules and Subsequent Intracellular Release. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:848-54. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Skirtach AG, Yashchenok AM, Möhwald H. Encapsulation, release and applications of LbL polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12736-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13453a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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