1
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Marek MJ, Pham TN, Wang J, Cai Q, Yap GPA, Day ES, Rosenthal J. Isocorrole-Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles for Photothermal Therapy under 980 nm Light Excitation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36653-36662. [PMID: 36278042 PMCID: PMC9583081 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising treatment option for diseases, including cancer, arthritis, and periodontitis. Typical photothermal agents (PTAs) absorb light in the near-infrared (NIR)-I region of 650-900 nm with a predominant focus around 800 nm, as these wavelengths are minimally absorbed by water and blood in the tissue. Recently, interest has grown in developing nanomaterials that offer more efficient photothermal conversion and that can be excited by light close to or within the NIR-II window of 1000-1700 nm, which offers less absorption by melanin. Herein, we report on the development of 5,5-diphenyl isocorrole (5-DPIC) complexes containing either Zn(II) or Pd(II) (Zn[5-DPIC] and Pd[5-DPIC], respectively) that absorb strongly across the 850-1000 nm window. We also show that poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with these designer isocorroles exhibit low toxicity toward triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells in the dark but enable efficient heat production and photothermal cell ablation upon excitation with 980 nm light. These materials represent an exciting new platform for 980 nm activated PTT and demonstrate the potential for designer isocorroles to serve as effective PTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian
R. J. Marek
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Trong-Nhan Pham
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Qiuqi Cai
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Emily S. Day
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
- Helen
F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
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2
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Cai Q, Tran LK, Qiu T, Eddy JW, Pham TN, Yap GPA, Rosenthal J. An Easily Prepared Monomeric Cobalt(II) Tetrapyrrole Complex That Efficiently Promotes the 4e -/4H + Peractivation of O 2 to Water. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5442-5451. [PMID: 35358381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The selective 4e-/4H+ reduction of dioxygen to water is an important reaction that takes place at the cathode of fuel cells. Monomeric aromatic tetrapyrroles (such as porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and corroles) coordinated to Co(II) or Co(III) have been considered as oxygen reduction catalysts due to their low cost and relative ease of synthesis. However, these systems have been repeatedly shown to be selective for O2 reduction by the less desired 2e-/2H+ pathway to yield hydrogen peroxide. Herein, we report the initial synthesis and study of a Co(II) tetrapyrrole complex based on a nonaromatic isocorrole scaffold that is competent for 4e-/4H+ oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This Co(II) 10,10-dimethyl isocorrole (Co[10-DMIC]) is obtained in just four simple steps and has excellent yield from a known dipyrromethane synthon. Evaluation of the steady state spectroscopic and redox properties of Co[10-DMIC] against those of Co porphyrin (cobalt 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin, [Co(TPFPP)]) and corrole (cobalt 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole triphenylphosphine, Co[TPFPC](PPh3)) homologues demonstrated that the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of the isocorrole are distinct from those displayed by more traditional aromatic tetrapyrroles. Further, the investigation of the ORR activity of Co[10-DMIC] using a combination of electrochemical and chemical reduction studies revealed that this simple, unadorned monomeric Co(II) tetrapyrrole is ∼85% selective for the 4e-/4H+ reduction of O2 to H2O over the more kinetically facile 2e-/2H+ process that delivers H2O2. In contrast, the same ORR evaluations conducted for the Co porphyrin and corrole homologues demonstrated that these traditional aromatic systems catalyze the 2e-/2H+ conversion of O2 to H2O2 with near complete selectivity. Despite being a simple, easily prepared, monomeric tetrapyrrole platform, Co[10-DMIC] supports an ORR catalysis that has historically only been achieved using elaborate porphyrinoid-based architectures that incorporate pendant proton-transfer groups or ditopic molecular clefts or that impose cofacially oriented O2 binding sites. Accordingly, Co[10-DMIC] represents the first simple, unadorned, monomeric metalloisocorrole complex that can be easily prepared and shows a privileged performance for the 4e-/4H+ peractivation of O2 to water as compared to other simple cobalt containing tetrapyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqi Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Linh K Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jennifer W Eddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Trong-Nhan Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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3
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Tanaka T, Ueto K, Osuka A. Development of Peripheral Functionalization Chemistry of meso-Free Corroles. Chemistry 2021; 27:15605-15615. [PMID: 34363279 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the extensive development of meso functionalization of porphyrins, that of corroles has been only rarely explored until the development of practical synthetic methods of meso -free corroles in 2015. Ready availability of meso -free corroles opened up meso -functionalization chemistry of corroles, giving rise to successful synthesis of various meso-substituted corroles such as meso -halogen, meso -nitro, meso -amino, meso -oxo, and meso iminocorroles as well as meso-meso linked corrole dimers and corrole tapes. In some cases, 2NH corroles existed as stable or transient radical species. The impacts of meso -functionalization on the structures, electronic properties, optical characteristics, and aromaticity are highlighted in this Minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry, JAPAN
| | - Kento Ueto
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry, JAPAN
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Kita-shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502, Kyoto, JAPAN
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4
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Neo-Porphyrinoids: New Members of the Porphyrinoid Family. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:26. [PMID: 34009495 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The four pyrrole rings and four meso carbons of tetrapyrrolic porphyrins can be arranged in different ways and the resulting porphyrin isomers exhibit very distinct electronic properties. The extensive research carried out on the porphyrins over the years has revealed that porphyrin can have several possible isomers and some of these have been identified and synthesized. Among the porphyrin isomers synthesized so far, porphycene and N-confused porphyrins have been investigated extensively whereas the other porphyrin isomers such as hemiporphycene, corrphycene and isoporphycene remain underdeveloped because of synthetic difficulties and their inherently unstable nature. Neoporphyrinoids are new members of the porphyrinoid family that were discovered serendipitously in 2011. Neoporphyrinoids are structural analogues of porphyrinoids with a confused pyrrole nitrogen linked to a meso carbon or the adjacent pyrrole carbon. Thus, neoporphyrinoids have an unusual structure in which pyrrole N is a part of a porphyrinoid framework and the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen participate in macrocyclic conjugation. It's been a decade since the discovery and different types of neoporphyrinoids, including regular, contracted and expanded neoporphyrinoids, have been synthesized by rational synthetic methodologies and their spectral, structural, aromatic and coordination properties have been studied. There is huge scope to develop different synthetic routes to produce new types of stable neoporphyrinoids to study their properties and potential applications. This article presents a brief overview of the synthesis, structure and properties of the neoporphyrinoids reported in this decade.
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5
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Yadav P, Khoury S, Fridman N, Sharma VK, Kumar A, Majdoub M, Kumar A, Diskin‐Posner Y, Mahammed A, Gross Z. Trifluoromethyl Hydrolysis En Route to Corroles with Increased Druglikeness. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Yadav
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Sally Khoury
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Vinay K. Sharma
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Amit Kumar
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Mahmoud Majdoub
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Anil Kumar
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
- Department of Applied Chemistry Delhi Technological University Delhi 110042 India
| | - Yael Diskin‐Posner
- Department of Chemical Research Support Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Atif Mahammed
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
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6
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Yadav P, Khoury S, Fridman N, Sharma VK, Kumar A, Majdoub M, Kumar A, Diskin‐Posner Y, Mahammed A, Gross Z. Trifluoromethyl Hydrolysis En Route to Corroles with Increased Druglikeness. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12829-12834. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Yadav
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Sally Khoury
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Vinay K. Sharma
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Amit Kumar
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Mahmoud Majdoub
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Anil Kumar
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
- Department of Applied Chemistry Delhi Technological University Delhi 110042 India
| | - Yael Diskin‐Posner
- Department of Chemical Research Support Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Atif Mahammed
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
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7
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Alvarado JG, Cummins DC, Diaconescu A, Siegler MA, Goldberg DP. The Selective Monobromination of a Highly Sterically Encumbered Corrole: Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of Fe(Cl)(2-Bromo-5,10,15-tris(triphenyl)phenyl corrole). J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021; 25:1176-1185. [PMID: 36213143 PMCID: PMC9536772 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621501169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The corrole ligand serves as a versatile tri-anionic, macrocyclic platform on which to model biological catalytic systems, as well as to effect mechanistically challenging chemical transformations. Here in we describe the synthesis, structure, and characterization of an isomerically pure corrole ligand, selectively mono-brominated at the β-carbon position adjacent to the corrole C-C bond (2-C) and produced in relatively high yields, as well as its iron chloride complex. Analysis of the iron metalated complex by cyclic voltammetry shows that the bromine being present on the ligand resulted in anodic shifts of +93 and +63 mV for first oxidation and first reduction of the complex respectively. The Mossbauer spectrum of the iron metalated complex shows negligible change relative to the non-brominated analog, indicating the presence of the halide substituent predominantly effects the orbitals of the ligand rather than the metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Alvarado
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Daniel C Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Andrada Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David P Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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8
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Di Natale C. Roberto Paolesse and the sensors group at the university of Rome Tor Vergata: (“ the world will always welcome ‘ chemists, ’ as time goes by…” ). J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma; Italy
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9
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Schweyen P, Kleeberg C, Körner D, Thüsing A, Wicht R, Zaretzke MK, Bröring M. Ruffling and doming: Structural and redox studies on meso-aryl and β-alkyl chromyl(V)corroles. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chromyl(V) complexes of eleven different meso-aryl- and [Formula: see text]-alkylcorrole ligands have been prepared and characterized by analytical, spectroscopical, electrochemical and structural means. All seven new complexes show the expected optical spectra of chromyl(V) corroles with the Soret band situated slightly above (meso-arylcorroles) or below ([Formula: see text]-alkylcorrole) 400 nm, and with an isotropic room temperature EPR signal for the [Formula: see text] ion Cr(V) at about [Formula: see text]. Cyclic voltammetry evidences two or three quasi-reversible one-electron redox steps, which are characterized as two ligand-centered processes and one metal-centered process based on spectroelectrochemical measurements and a Hammett analysis. Chemical reduction to a chromyl(IV) corrolate was successfully performed using NaHg and NEt3. Citric acid, however, produces a different reduction product, for which an isocorrole structure is proposed. Six chromyl(V) corroles could be analysed by seven single crystal diffraction analyses. The obtained molecular data prove the presence of remarkably similar CrN4O coordination units independent of the corrole substitution pattern, and of macrocyclic conformations which can be understood as comprised mainly of a doming mode, a more or less pronounced saddling mode, and one out of two different and dominating ruffling modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schweyen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Technical University Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Kleeberg
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Technical University Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dominik Körner
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Technical University Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anne Thüsing
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Technical University Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Richard Wicht
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Technical University Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc-Kevin Zaretzke
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Technical University Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Bröring
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Technical University Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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10
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Wicht R, Bahnmüller S, Thüsing A, Wolfram B, Bröring M. Oxidative Formation and Redox Properties of 9‐Methylisocorroles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wicht
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie TU Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Stefanie Bahnmüller
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie TU Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Anne Thüsing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie TU Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Benedikt Wolfram
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie TU Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Martin Bröring
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie TU Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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11
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Ooi S, Ueta K, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Singly, Doubly, and Triply Linked Corrole Oligomers: Synthesis, Structures, and Linking Position Dependent Properties. Chempluschem 2019; 84:578-588. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ooi
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku Japan
| | - Kento Ueta
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku Japan
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12
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Ali A, Cheng F, Wen WH, Ying X, Kandhadi J, Wang H, Liu HY, Chang CK. Case synthesis of a β-chloro bulky bis-pocket corrole: Crystallographic characterization and photophysical properties. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Ueta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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14
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Lemon CM, Powers DC, Brothers PJ, Nocera DG. Gold Corroles as Near-IR Phosphors for Oxygen Sensing. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:10991-10997. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Lemon
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag
92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag
92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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15
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Thomas KE, Beavers CM, Gagnon KJ, Ghosh A. β-Octabromo- and β-Octakis(trifluoromethyl)isocorroles: New Sterically Constrained Macrocyclic Ligands. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:402-409. [PMID: 28638773 PMCID: PMC5474668 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Presented herein is a study of the acid-induced demetalation of two sterically hindered copper corroles, Cu β-octabromo-meso-triphenylcorrole (Cu[Br8TPC]) and β-octakis(trifluoromethyl)-meso-tris(p-methoxyphenyl)corrole (Cu[(CF3)8TpOMePC]). Unlike reductive demetalation, which affords the free-base β-octabromocorrole, demetalation of Cu[Br8TPC] under non- reductive conditions (CHCl3/H2SO4) resulted in moderate yields of free-base 5- and 10-hydroxy isocorroles. The isomeric free bases could be complexed to CoII and NiII, affording stable complexes. Only reductive demetalation was found to work for Cu[(CF3)8TpOMePC], affording a highly saddled, hydrated corrole, H3[5-OH,10-H-(CF3)8TpOMePC], where the elements of water had added across C5 and C10. Interaction of this novel free base with CoII resulted in Co[iso-10-H-[CF3)8TpOMePC], a CoII 10-hydro isocorrole. The new metal complexes were all characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and, despite their sterically hindered nature, were found to exhibit almost perfectly planar isocorrole cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolle E. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical & Computational ChemistryUiT—The Arctic University of Norway9037TromsøNorway
| | - Christine M. Beavers
- Advanced Light SourceLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720-8229USA
| | - Kevin J. Gagnon
- Advanced Light SourceLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720-8229USA
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical & Computational ChemistryUiT—The Arctic University of Norway9037TromsøNorway
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16
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Gao D, Azarias C, D'Aléo A, Giorgi M, Siri O, Balaban TS, Jacquemin D, Canard G. Synthesis and Characterization of Ruffled Phosphorusmeso-Ester Corroles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Gao
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; Centrale Marseille; 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 France
| | - Cloé Azarias
- Laboratoire CEISAM; Université de Nantes; CNRS; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes Cedex 03 France
| | - Anthony D'Aléo
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; CINaM; Campus de Luminy, Case 913 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 France
| | - Michel Giorgi
- Aix Marseille Univ; Spectropole; 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 France
| | - Olivier Siri
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; CINaM; Campus de Luminy, Case 913 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 France
| | | | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM; Université de Nantes; CNRS; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes Cedex 03 France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF); 1 rue Descartes 75005 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Gabriel Canard
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; CINaM; Campus de Luminy, Case 913 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 France
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17
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Barata JFB, Neves MGPMS, Faustino MAF, Tomé AC, Cavaleiro JAS. Strategies for Corrole Functionalization. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3192-3253. [PMID: 28222602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the functionalization reactions of meso-arylcorroles, both at the inner core, as well as the peripheral positions of the macrocycle. Experimental details for the synthesis of all known metallocorrole types and for the N-alkylation reactions are presented. Key peripheral functionalization reactions such as halogenation, formylation, carboxylation, nitration, sulfonation, and others are discussed in detail, particularly the nucleophilic aromatic substitution and the participation of corroles in cycloaddition reactions as 2π or 4π components (covering Diels-Alder and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions). Other functionalizations of corroles include a large diversity of reactions, namely Wittig reactions, reactions with methylene active compounds, formation of amines, amides, and imines, and metal catalyzed reactions. At the final section, the reactions involving oxidation and ring expansion of the corrole macrocycle are described comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F B Barata
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Graça P M S Neves
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Amparo F Faustino
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José A S Cavaleiro
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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18
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Abstract
Corroles have come a long way from being a curiosity to being a mainstream research topic. They are now regularly synthesized in numerous research laboratories worldwide with diverse specific aims in mind. In this review we present a comprehensive description of corroles' synthesis, developed both before and after 1999. To aid the investigator in developing synthetic strategies, some of the sections culminate in tables containing comparisons of various methodologies leading to meso-substituted corroles. The remaining challenges are delineated. In the second part of this review, we also describe the syntheses of isocorroles and heteroanalogs of corroles such as triazacorroles (corrolazines), 10-heterocorroles, 21-heterocorroles, 22-heterocorroles, N-confused corroles, as well as norcorroles. The review is complemented with a short outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Orłowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Hoffmann M, Cordes B, Kleeberg C, Schweyen P, Wolfram B, Bröring M. Template Synthesis of Alkyl‐Substituted Metal Isocorroles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hoffmann
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Birte Cordes
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Christian Kleeberg
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Peter Schweyen
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Benedikt Wolfram
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Martin Bröring
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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20
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Nardis S, Pomarico G, Stefanelli M, Lentini S, Cicero DO, Fronczek FR, Smith KM, Paolesse R. The scope of the β-halogenation of triarylcorroles. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616500279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of corrole at its peripheral positions is an intriguing field of research, since the unusual reactivity of this macrocycle usually makes it difficult to predict the reaction products. We have investigated the introduction of halogen atoms at the corrole β-positions by using haloacids as reagents. Different behavior, in terms of number and position of the units introduced, was observed: chlorination yielded mono and disubstituted corrole, whereas bromination only afforded mono-substitution, even if on different positions. Iodination did not occur on the corrole free base, while the protection of the inner core by chelation with silver ion gave better results and a symmetric diiodinated corrole was isolated. 2D NMR analysis and X-ray crystallography provided useful information about the site of these corrole functionalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nardis
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pomarico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Stefanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Lentini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel O. Cicero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Frank R. Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Kevin M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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21
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Li M, Wei P, Ishida M, Li X, Savage M, Guo R, Ou Z, Yang S, Furuta H, Xie Y. Macrocyclic Transformations from Norrole to Isonorrole and an N-Confused Corrole with a Fused Hexacyclic Ring System Triggered by a Pyrrole Substituent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Pingchun Wei
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices and Center for Molecular Systems; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Mathew Savage
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester m139pl UK
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 P.R. China
| | - Zhongping Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 P.R. China
| | - Sihai Yang
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester m139pl UK
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices and Center for Molecular Systems; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
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22
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Li M, Wei P, Ishida M, Li X, Savage M, Guo R, Ou Z, Yang S, Furuta H, Xie Y. Macrocyclic Transformations from Norrole to Isonorrole and an N-Confused Corrole with a Fused Hexacyclic Ring System Triggered by a Pyrrole Substituent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3063-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Pingchun Wei
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices and Center for Molecular Systems; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Mathew Savage
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester m139pl UK
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 P.R. China
| | - Zhongping Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 P.R. China
| | - Sihai Yang
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester m139pl UK
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices and Center for Molecular Systems; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
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23
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Śniechowska J, Paluch P, Bujacz G, Górecki M, Frelek J, Gryko DT, Potrzebowski MJ. Chiral crystals from porphyrinoids possessing a very low racemization barrier. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00530f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel chiral crystal of 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole was obtained and characterized by various methods including X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Śniechowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Paluch
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bujacz
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry
- Lodz University of Technology
- 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Górecki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Frelek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek J. Potrzebowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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24
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Forte G, Chiarotto I, Giannicchi I, Loreto MA, Martinelli A, Micci R, Pepi F, Rossi S, Salvitti C, Stringaro A, Tortora L, Vecchio Ciprioti S, Feroci M. Characterization of naproxen–polymer conjugates for drug-delivery. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 27:69-85. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Stefanelli M, Mandoj F, Nardis S, Raggio M, Fronczek FR, McCandless GT, Smith KM, Paolesse R. Corrole and nucleophilic aromatic substitution are not incompatible: a novel route to 2,3-difunctionalized copper corrolates. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6611-8. [PMID: 25986693 PMCID: PMC4454397 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00659g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The insertion of a -NO2 group onto the corrole framework represents a key step for subsequent synthetic manipulation of the macrocycle based on the chemical versatility of such a functionality. Here we report results of the investigation of a copper 3-NO2-triarylcorrolate in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with "active" methylene carbanions, namely diethyl malonate and diethyl 2-chloromalonate. Although similar reactions on nitroporphyrins afford chlorin derivatives, nucleophilic attack on carbon-2 of corrole produces 2,3-difunctionalized Cu corrolates in acceptable yields (ca. 30%), evidencing once again the erratic chemistry of this contracted porphyrinoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stefanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy.
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26
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Lemon CM, Halbach RL, Huynh M, Nocera DG. Photophysical Properties of β-Substituted Free-Base Corroles. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2713-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ic502860g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Lemon
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Robert L. Halbach
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Michael Huynh
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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27
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Abstract
An overview of the chemistry of isoporphyrin, the tautomer of porphyrin, whose existence was predicated by the Noble laureate Woodward, is presented with emphasis on hydroxy-isoporphyrins of tetra-aryl derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagannath Bhuyan
- Department of Chemistry
- North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology
- Nirjuli
- India
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28
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Gao D, Canard G, Giorgi M, Balaban TS. Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Undecaarylcorroles and the First Undecaarylcorrole Free Base. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201201158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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29
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Reith LM, Koenig M, Schwarzinger C, Schoefberger W. BiIII-Corroles: A Versatile Platform for the Synthesis of Functionalized Corroles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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30
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Stefanelli M, Pomarico G, Tortora L, Nardis S, Fronczek FR, McCandless GT, Smith KM, Manowong M, Fang Y, Chen P, Kadish KM, Rosa A, Ricciardi G, Paolesse R. β-Nitro-5,10,15-tritolylcorroles. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:6928-42. [PMID: 22668242 DOI: 10.1021/ic3007926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of the β-pyrrolic positions of the corrole macrocycle with -NO(2) groups is limited at present to metallocorrolates due to the instability exhibited by corrole free bases under oxidizing conditions. A careful choice of the oxidant can limit the transformation of corroles into decomposition products or isocorrole species, preserving the corrole aromaticity, and thus allowing the insertion of nitro groups onto the corrole framework. Here we report results obtained by reacting 5,10,15-tritolylcorrole (TTCorrH(3)) with the AgNO(2)/NaNO(2) system, to give mono- and dinitrocorrole derivatives when stoichiometry is carefully controlled. Reactions were found to be regioselective, affording the 3-NO(2)TTCorrH(3) and 3,17-(NO(2))(2)TTCorrH(3) isomers as the main products in the case of mono- and disubstitution, in 53 and 20% yields, respectively. In both cases, traces of other mono- and disubstituted isomers were detected, which were structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The influence of the β-nitro substituents on the corrole properties is studied in detail by UV-visible, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical characterization of these functionalized corroles. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations of the ground and excited state properties of these β-nitrocorrole derivatives also afforded significant information, closely matching the experimental observations. It is found that the β-NO(2) substituents conjugate with the π-aromatic system of the macrocycle, which initiates significant changes in both the spectroscopic and redox properties of the so functionalized corroles. This effect is more pronounced when the nitro group is introduced at the 2-position, because in this case the conjugation is, for steric reasons, more efficient than in the 3-nitro isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Stefanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
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31
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Lemon CM, Brothers PJ. The synthesis, reactivity, and peripheral functionalization of corroles. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424611003896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Corroles are unusual macrocycles that often exhibit chemical reactivity that is distinct from their closely related porphyrin cousins. Standard organic transformations with corroles often result in the formation of unexpected products. A survey of synthetic methods for the preparation of both meso-substituted and β-substituted corroles will give an overview of the different synthetic strategies. This review provides a comprehensive description of the chemical reactivity and functionalization of corroles, focusing especially on reactions at the periphery of the macrocycle. Formylation, nitration, bromination and chlorosulfonation reactions will be explored in detail. In addition, demetalation processes, reactivity of the N-pyrrolic nitrogens and the lability of the macrocycle ring toward expansion and ring-opening reactions will be discussed. Finally, the synthesis of super-structured (picket-fence, capped, and strapped) corroles and isocorroles will be surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Lemon
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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32
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Pomarico G, Fronczek FR, Nardis S, Smith KM, Paolesse R. Synthetic protocols for the nitration of corroles. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012; 15:1085-1092. [PMID: 22287833 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424611004038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The modification of peripheral positions of corroles by introduction of nitro groups is an important functionalization of this macrocycle. The nitro substituent strongly influences the corrole behavior leading to the preparation of macrocycles with different properties, which can be of interest for their exploitation as catalysts, sensing layers in chemical sensors or in the field of supramolecular chemistry. In the last few years we have developed different routes for the β-nitration of the corrole ring, and we report here novel synthetic protocols which can allow the formation of tri- and tetranitro derivatives, as demonstrated by X-ray analysis. In all of the methodologies used, the presence of isocorrole species as reaction intermediates was established, which regenerated the corresponding corrole by metal insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pomarico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
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33
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Stefanelli M, Mandoj F, Mastroianni M, Nardis S, Mohite P, Fronczek FR, Smith KM, Kadish KM, Xiao X, Ou Z, Chen P, Paolesse R. Amination reaction on copper and germanium β-nitrocorrolates. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:8281-92. [PMID: 21797194 PMCID: PMC3169082 DOI: 10.1021/ic2008073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Copper and germanium complexes of β-substituted nitrocorroles were reacted with 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole to give the corresponding β-amino-β-nitro derivatives, in moderate to good yields. This is the first successful example of a vicarious nucleophilic substitution performed on corrole derivatives, because the same reaction carried out on silver complexes afforded the corresponding 6-azahemiporphycenes by way of corrole ring expansion. The first step of this work is related to the modification of a synthetic protocol for preparation of the β-substituted nitro corroles. The nitration reaction was carried out on a copper corrole using NaNO(2) as the primary source of NO(2)(-) coupled with AgNO(2) used as oxidant. By variation of the molar ratio of the reagents it was possible to direct the product distribution toward mono- and dinitro derivatives. The reaction between mono- and dinitro derivatives of (TtBuCorrCu) with 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole gave good results, leading to the isolation of 2-(NH(2))-3-(NO(2))-TtBuCorrCu and 2,18-(NH(2))(2)-3,17-(NO(2))(2)-TtBuCorrCu in moderate yields. To elucidate factors that influence the reaction, and to highlight the different behavior observed for different metal complex substrates, the electrochemistry of three copper complexes, TtBuPCorrCu, (NO(2))TtBuPCorrCu, and (NO(2))(2)TtBuPCorrCu, was studied by cyclic voltammetry and thin-layer UV-visible spectroelectrochemistry. The nitro groups on (NO(2))(x)TtBuPCorrCu are highly electron-withdrawing, which leads not only to a substantial positive shift of all redox potentials but also to a unique redox behavior and UV-vis spectrum of the singly reduced product as compared to the parent compound, TtBuPCorrCu. Finally, the amination reaction was carried out on a Ge(IV) nitrocorrolate, giving in good yield the 2-amino-3-nitroderivative, which was structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Stefanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Mandoj
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mastroianni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Nardis
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pruthviray Mohite
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Frank R. Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - Kevin M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Zhongping Ou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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