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Gharbi AM, Biswas DS, Crégut O, Malý P, Didier P, Klymchenko A, Léonard J. Exciton annihilation and diffusion length in disordered multichromophoric nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11550-11563. [PMID: 38868990 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00325j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Efficient exciton transport is the essential property of natural and synthetic light-harvesting (LH) devices. Here we investigate exciton transport properties in LH organic polymer nanoparticles (ONPs) of 40 nm diameter. The ONPs are loaded with a rhodamine B dye derivative and bulky counterion, enabling dye loadings as high as 0.3 M, while preserving fluorescence quantum yields larger than 30%. We use time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor exciton-exciton annihilation (EEA) kinetics within the ONPs dispersed in water. We demonstrate that unlike the common practice for photoluminescence investigations of EEA, the non-uniform intensity profile of the excitation light pulse must be taken into account to analyse reliably intensity-dependent population dynamics. Alternatively, a simple confocal detection scheme is demonstrated, which enables (i) retrieving the correct value for the bimolecular EEA rate which would otherwise be underestimated by a typical factor of three, and (ii) revealing minor EEA by-products otherwise unnoticed. Considering the ONPs as homogeneous rigid solutions of weakly interacting dyes, we postulate an incoherent exciton hoping mechanism to infer a diffusion constant exceeding 0.003 cm2 s-1 and a diffusion length as large as 70 nm. This work demonstrates the success of the present ONP design strategy at engineering efficient exciton transport in disordered multichromophoric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olivier Crégut
- IPCMS, Université de Strasbourg - CNRS, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Pavel Malý
- Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Mahmood R, Mananquil T, Scenna R, Dennis ES, Castillo-Rodriguez J, Koivisto BD. Light-Driven Energy and Charge Transfer Processes between Additives within Electrospun Nanofibres. Molecules 2023; 28:4857. [PMID: 37375412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning is a cost-effective and efficient method of producing polymeric nanofibre films. The resulting nanofibres can be produced in a variety of structures, including monoaxial, coaxial (core@shell), and Janus (side-by-side). The resulting fibres can also act as a matrix for various light-harvesting components such as dye molecules, nanoparticles, and quantum dots. The addition of these light-harvesting materials allows for various photo-driven processes to occur within the films. This review discusses the process of electrospinning as well as the effect of spinning parameters on resulting fibres. Building on this, we discuss energy transfer processes that have been explored in nanofibre films, such as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), and upconversion. A charge transfer process, photoinduced electron transfer (PET), is also discussed. This review highlights various candidate molecules that have been used for photo-responsive processes in electrospun films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeda Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Tristan Mananquil
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Rebecca Scenna
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Emma S Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Judith Castillo-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Bryan D Koivisto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
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Liu J, Guillemeney L, Abécassis B, Coolen L. Long Range Energy Transfer in Self-Assembled Stacks of Semiconducting Nanoplatelets. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3465-3470. [PMID: 32315197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent emitters like ions, dye molecules, or semiconductor nanoparticles are widely used in optoelectronic devices, usually within densely packed layers. Their luminescence properties can then be very different from when they are isolated, because of short-range interparticle interactions such as Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET). Understanding these interactions is crucial to mitigate FRET-related losses and could also lead to new energy transfer strategies. Exciton migration by FRET hopping between consecutive neighbor fluorophores has been evidenced in various systems but was generally limited to distances of tens of nanometers and involved only a few emitters. Here, we image self-assembled linear chains of CdSe nanoplatelets (colloidal quantum wells) and demonstrate exciton migration over 500 nm distances, corresponding to FRET hopping over 90 platelets. By comparing a diffusion-equation model to our experimental data, we measure a (1.5 ps)-1 FRET rate, much faster than all decay mechanisms, so that strong FRET-mediated collective photophysical effects can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Liu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Lilian Guillemeney
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Abécassis
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Coolen
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
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Reisch A, Trofymchuk K, Runser A, Fleith G, Rawiso M, Klymchenko AS. Tailoring Fluorescence Brightness and Switching of Nanoparticles through Dye Organization in the Polymer Matrix. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43030-43042. [PMID: 29185702 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) help to increase spatial and temporal resolution in bioimaging. Advanced microscopy techniques require very bright NPs that exhibit either stable emission for single-particle tracking or complete on/off switching (blinking) for super-resolution imaging. Here, ultrabright dye-loaded polymer NPs with controlled switching properties are developed. To this aim, the salt of a dye (rhodamine B octadecyl ester) with a hydrophobic counterion (fluorinated tetraphenylborate) is encapsulated at very high concentrations up to 30 wt % in NPs made of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and polycaprolactone (PCL) through nanoprecipitation. The obtained 35 nm NPs are nearly 100 times brighter than quantum dots. The nature of the polymer is found to define the collective behavior of the encapsulated dyes so that NPs containing thousands of dyes exhibit either whole particle blinking, for PLGA, or stable emission, for PMMA and PCL. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements together with small-angle X-ray scattering experiments suggest that in less hydrophobic PLGA, dyes tend to cluster, whereas in more hydrophobic PMMA and PCL, dyes are dispersed within the matrix, thus altering the switching behavior of NPs. Experiments using a perylene diimide derivative show a similar effect of the polymer nature. The resulting fluorescent NPs are suitable for a wide range of imaging applications from tracking to super-resolution imaging. The findings on the organization of the load innside NPs will have impact on the development of materials for applications ranging from photovoltaics to drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR CNRS 7213, Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Kateryna Trofymchuk
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR CNRS 7213, Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Anne Runser
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR CNRS 7213, Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Fleith
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS-UdS) , 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Michel Rawiso
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS-UdS) , 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR CNRS 7213, Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
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Wang Y, Zhu Y, Huang J, Cai J, Zhu J, Yang X, Shen J, Li C. Perovskite quantum dots encapsulated in electrospun fiber membranes as multifunctional supersensitive sensors for biomolecules, metal ions and pH. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2017; 2:225-232. [PMID: 32260644 DOI: 10.1039/c7nh00057j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (CPBQDs) have exhibited excellent optical properties, which implies their potential as an appealing candidate for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based detection. In this work, in order to enhance the subsurface concentration of CPBQDs, which is important for the efficiency of FRET detection, a nanoscale polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) fiber membrane (d≈ 400 nm) encapsulated with CPBQDs (CPBQDs/PMMA FM) is fabricated using an electrospinning method. The CPBQD/PMMA FM possesses comparable optical properties to CPBQDs, high quantum yields (88%) and a narrow half-peak width (∼14 nm). The sensing of trypsin is realized via the cleavage of peptide CF6 (Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly-R6G) and an extremely low detection limit of 0.1 μg mL-1 has been reached. Besides, owing to the high efficiency FRET process between the CPBQD/PMMA FM and cyclam-Cu2+, an unprecedented detection limit of Cu2+ has been pushed to 10-15 M. Furthermore, the pH value can be confirmed by the membrane in 10 ppb hydrazide R6G ethanol solution. The excellent optical characteristics of CPBQDs, high CPBQD subsurface concentration of the CPBQD/PMMA FM and robust durability of the PMMA coating all contribute to the outstanding sensitivity and stable detection performance of the CPBQD/PMMA FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Wang Y, Zhu Y, Huang J, Cai J, Zhu J, Yang X, Shen J, Jiang H, Li C. CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Quantum Dots-Based Monolithic Electrospun Fiber Membrane as an Ultrastable and Ultrasensitive Fluorescent Sensor in Aqueous Medium. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4253-4258. [PMID: 27734662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite quantum dots with excellent optical properties and robust durability stand as an appealing and desirable candidate for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based fluorescence detection, a powerful technique featuring excellent accuracy and convenience. In this work, a monolithic superhydrophobic polystyrene fiber membrane with CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots encapsulated within (CPBQDs/PS FM) was prepared via one-step electrospinning. Coupling CPBQDs with PS matrix, this CPBQDs/PS FM composite exhibits high quantum yields (∼91%), narrow half-peak width (∼16 nm), nearly 100% fluorescence retention after being exposed to water for 10 days and 79.80% fluorescence retention after 365 nm UV-light (1 mW/cm2) illumination for 60 h. Thanks to the outstanding optical property of CPBQDs, an ultralow detection limit of 0.01 ppm was obtained for Rhodamine 6G (R6G) detection, with the FRET efficiency calculated to be 18.80% in 1 ppm R6G aqueous solution. Electrospun as well-designed fiber membranes, CPBQDs/PS FM composite also possesses good tailorability and recyclability, showing exciting potential for future implementation into practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihua Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Cai
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingrun Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Shen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunzhong Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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Menke SM, Mullenbach TK, Holmes RJ. Directing energy transport in organic photovoltaic cells using interfacial exciton gates. ACS NANO 2015; 9:4543-4552. [PMID: 25798712 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exciton transport in organic semiconductors is a critical, mediating process in many optoelectronic devices. Often, the diffusive and subdiffusive nature of excitons in these systems can limit device performance, motivating the development of strategies to direct exciton transport. In this work, directed exciton transport is achieved with the incorporation of exciton permeable interfaces. These interfaces introduce a symmetry-breaking imbalance in exciton energy transfer, leading to directed motion. Despite their obvious utility for enhanced exciton harvesting in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), the emergent properties of these interfaces are as yet uncharacterized. Here, directed exciton transport is conclusively demonstrated in both dilute donor and energy-cascade OPVs where judicious optimization of the interface allows exciton transport to the donor-acceptor heterojunction to occur considerably faster than when relying on simple diffusion. Generalized systems incorporating multiple exciton permeable interfaces are also explored, demonstrating the ability to further harness this phenomenon and expeditiously direct exciton motion, overcoming the diffusive limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matthew Menke
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, 151 Amundson Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Tyler K Mullenbach
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, 151 Amundson Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Russell J Holmes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, 151 Amundson Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Menke SM, Holmes RJ. Energy-cascade organic photovoltaic devices incorporating a host-guest architecture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:2912-2918. [PMID: 25611130 DOI: 10.1021/am508332n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In planar heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs), broad spectral coverage can be realized by incorporating multiple molecular absorbers in an energy-cascade architecture. Here, this approach is combined with a host-guest donor layer architecture previously shown to optimize exciton transport for the fluorescent organic semiconductor boron subphthalocyanine chloride (SubPc) when diluted in an optically transparent host. In order to maximize the absorption efficiency, energy-cascade OPVs that utilize both photoactive host and guest donor materials are examined using the pairing of SubPc and boron subnaphthalocyanine chloride (SubNc), respectively. In a planar heterojunction architecture, excitons generated on the SubPc host rapidly energy transfer to the SubNc guest, where they may migrate toward the dissociating, donor-acceptor interface. Overall, the incorporation of a photoactive host leads to a 13% enhancement in the short-circuit current density and a 20% enhancement in the power conversion efficiency relative to an optimized host-guest OPV combining SubNc with a nonabsorbing host. This work underscores the potential for further design refinements in planar heterojunction OPVs and demonstrates progress toward the effective separation of functionality between constituent OPV materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matthew Menke
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Ave SE, 151 Amundson Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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9
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Genovese D, Rampazzo E, Bonacchi S, Montalti M, Zaccheroni N, Prodi L. Energy transfer processes in dye-doped nanostructures yield cooperative and versatile fluorescent probes. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:3022-3036. [PMID: 24531884 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05599j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fast and efficient energy transfer among dyes confined in nanocontainers provides the basis of outstanding functionalities in new-generation luminescent probes. This feature article provides an overview of recent research achievements on luminescent Pluronic-Silica NanoParticles (PluS NPs), a class of extremely monodisperse core-shell nanoparticles whose design can be easily tuned to match specific needs for diverse applications based on luminescence, and that have already been successfully tested in in vivo imaging. An outline of their outstanding properties, such as tuneability, bright and photoswitchable fluorescence and electrochemiluminescence, will be supported by a critical discussion of our recent works in this field. Furthermore, novel data and simulations will be presented to (i) thoroughly examine common issues arising from the inclusion of multiple dyes in a small silica core, and (ii) show the emergence of a cooperative behaviour among embedded dyes. Such cooperative behaviour provides a handle for fine control of brightness, emission colour and self-quenching phenomena in PluS NPs, leading to significantly enhanced signal to noise ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Genovese
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Fennel F, Wolter S, Xie Z, Plötz PA, Kühn O, Würthner F, Lochbrunner S. Biphasic Self-Assembly Pathways and Size-Dependent Photophysical Properties of Perylene Bisimide Dye Aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18722-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja409597x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Fennel
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolter
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Zengqi Xie
- Institut
für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Per-Arno Plötz
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut
für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Abstract
The photophysical behavior of organic semiconductors is governed by their excitonic states. In this review, I classify the three different exciton types (Frenkel singlet, Frenkel triplet, and charge transfer) typically encountered in organic semiconductors. Experimental challenges that arise in the study of solid-state organic systems are discussed. The steady-state spectroscopy of intermolecular delocalized Frenkel excitons is described, using crystalline tetracene as an example. I consider the problem of a localized exciton diffusing in a disordered matrix in detail, and experimental results on conjugated polymers and model systems suggest that energetic disorder leads to subdiffusive motion. Multiexciton processes such as singlet fission and triplet fusion are described, emphasizing the role of spin state coherence and magnetic fields in studying singlet ↔ triplet pair interconversion. Singlet fission provides an example of how all three types of excitons (triplet, singlet, and charge transfer) may interact to produce useful phenomena for applications such as solar energy conversion.
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12
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Kumazaki S. Anti-Stokes fluorescence of oxazine 1 in solution with continuous wave laser excitation at 785nm. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Menke SM, Luhman WA, Holmes RJ. Tailored exciton diffusion in organic photovoltaic cells for enhanced power conversion efficiency. NATURE MATERIALS 2013; 12:152-7. [PMID: 23142837 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photoconversion in planar-heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) is limited by a short exciton diffusion length (L(D)) that restricts migration to the dissociating electron donor/acceptor interface. Consequently, bulk heterojunctions are often used to realize high efficiency as these structures reduce the distance an exciton must travel to be dissociated. Here, we present an alternative approach that seeks to directly engineer L(D) by optimizing the intermolecular separation and consequently, the photophysical parameters responsible for excitonic energy transfer. By diluting the electron donor boron subphthalocyanine chloride into a wide-energy-gap host material, we optimize the degree of interaction between donor molecules and observe a ~50% increase in L(D). Using this approach, we construct planar-heterojunction OPVs with a power conversion efficiency of (4.4 ± 0.3)%, > 30% larger than the case of optimized devices containing an undiluted donor layer. The underlying correlation between L(D) and the degree of molecular interaction has wide implications for the design of both OPV active materials and device architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matthew Menke
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 151 Amundson Hall, 421 Washington Avenue, S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Green AP, Buckley AR. Application of gauge R&R to the rigorous measurement of quantum yield in fluorescent organic solid state systems. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:073108. [PMID: 22852672 DOI: 10.1063/1.4737631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A rigorous measurement of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of three luminescent solid state organic material systems is presented. Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene), perylene (2.97 M in poly(methyl methacrylate)), and perylene red (0.78 M in poly(methyl methacrylate)), were measured using a Ti:sapphire laser yielding 47 ± 3%, 79 ± 3%, and 51 ± 2%, respectively. A GaN diode laser with differing variability was used to measure the PLQY for perylene and perylene red yielding 71 ± 1% and 53 ± 2%, respectively. Variations due to sample preparation (<0.5%), sample degradation (none), and measurement system repeatability (Ti:sapphire ≈2%, GaN ≈1%) have been determined for each material. Variance in laser intensity is found to be the largest source of error which upon propagation to the PLQY, agrees closely with the uncertainty found by means of the rigorous statistics. This suggests reduction of laser intensity variation could allow much greater precision in absolute determinations of PLQY. Some small systematic bias from calibration and self-absorption corrections cannot be ruled out. The current limit of precision for this measurement is ±1% using the more stable GaN laser though this apparently depends on the material and sample fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Green
- The Electronic and Photonic Molecular Materials Group (EPMM), The Physics and Astronomy Department, Sheffield University, Sheffield S3 7RH, England
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15
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Colby KA, Bardeen CJ. Electronic Energy Migration in Solid versus Liquid Host Matrices for Concentrated Perylenediimide Dye Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7574-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jp202654v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Colby
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Christopher J. Bardeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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