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Morris G, Walder K, Berk M, Carvalho AF, Marx W, Bortolasci CC, Yung AR, Puri BK, Maes M. Intertwined associations between oxidative and nitrosative stress and endocannabinoid system pathways: Relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 114:110481. [PMID: 34826557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) appears to regulate metabolic, cardiovascular, immune, gastrointestinal, lung, and reproductive system functions, as well as the central nervous system. There is also evidence that neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with ECS abnormalities as well as oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways. The goal of this mechanistic review is to investigate the mechanisms underlying the ECS's regulation of redox signalling, as well as the mechanisms by which activated oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways may impair ECS-mediated signalling. Cannabinoid receptor (CB)1 activation and upregulation of brain CB2 receptors reduce oxidative stress in the brain, resulting in less tissue damage and less neuroinflammation. Chronically high levels of oxidative stress may impair CB1 and CB2 receptor activity. CB1 activation in peripheral cells increases nitrosative stress and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) activity, reducing mitochondrial activity. Upregulation of CB2 in the peripheral and central nervous systems may reduce iNOS, nitrosative stress, and neuroinflammation. Nitrosative stress may have an impact on CB1 and CB2-mediated signalling. Peripheral immune activation, which frequently occurs in response to nitro-oxidative stress, may result in increased expression of CB2 receptors on T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages, reducing the production of inflammatory products and limiting the duration and intensity of the immune and oxidative stress response. In conclusion, high levels of oxidative and nitrosative stress may compromise or even abolish ECS-mediated redox pathway regulation. Future research in neuropsychiatric disorders like mood disorders and deficit schizophrenia should explore abnormalities in these intertwined signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wolf Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Alison R Yung
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Health Science, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Basant K Puri
- University of Winchester, UK, and C.A.R., Cambridge, UK.
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Ivanova N, Ivanova A. Influence of the dimensionality of the periodic boundary conditions on the transport of a drug-peptide complex across model cell membranes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:5345-5356. [PMID: 33416039 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1870157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Many research efforts are devoted to improving the efficiency of chemotherapy. One of the aspects is to facilitate the transport of drugs across the cell membranes by attaching the therapeutics to a carrier molecule. The current study focuses on computational investigation of such a system with doxorubicin as the model drug, which is covalently bound to a cell-penetrating peptide. The correct description of its membrane translocation at the molecular level requires proper choice of the model membrane and of the simulation parameters. For the purpose, two phospholipid bilayers are built, one containing solely DPPC and another with mixed lipid content mimicking the composition of a human erythrocyte membrane. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations are carried out in two types of periodic boundary conditions (2D and 3D PBC), in order to assess the effect of the periodicity dimensionality on the intermolecular interactions. The evolution of some basic characteristics of the bilayers and of the drug-peptide complex is tracked: mass density profiles, electrostatic potentials, lateral diffusion coefficients and areas per lipid, lipid-complex radial distribution functions, secondary structure of the peptide and orientation of the drug relative to the membrane. Thus, the influence of the periodic boundary conditions is quantified and it shows that the mixed system in 3D PBC is the most suitable for analysis of the translocation of the transporting moiety across cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Ivanova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anela Ivanova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Ivanova N, Ivanova A. Testing the limits of model membrane simulations-bilayer composition and pressure scaling. J Comput Chem 2017; 39:387-396. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Ivanova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, 1 James Bourchier Blvd; University of Sofia; Sofia 1164 Bulgaria
| | - Anela Ivanova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, 1 James Bourchier Blvd; University of Sofia; Sofia 1164 Bulgaria
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González-Naranjo P, Pérez-Macias N, Campillo NE, Pérez C, Arán VJ, Girón R, Sánchez-Robles E, Martín MI, Gómez-Cañas M, García-Arencibia M, Fernández-Ruiz J, Páez JA. Cannabinoid agonists showing BuChE inhibition as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 73:56-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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