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Runacres D, Greenacre VK, Dyke JM, Grigg J, Herbert G, Levason W, McRobbie G, Reid G. Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Studies on Gallium(III) and Iron(III) Complexes with a Pentadentate Macrocyclic bis-Phosphinate Chelator and Their Investigation As Molecular Scaffolds for 18F Binding. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20844-20857. [PMID: 38055373 PMCID: PMC10731642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of obtaining improved molecular scaffolds for 18F binding to use in PET imaging, gallium(III) and iron(III) complexes with a macrocyclic bis-phosphinate chelator have been synthesized and their properties, including their fluoride binding ability, investigated. Reaction of Bn-tacn (1-benzyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) with paraformaldehyde and PhP(OR)2 (R = Me or Et) in refluxing THF, followed by acid hydrolysis, yields the macrocyclic bis(phosphinic acid) derivative, H2(Bn-NODP) (1-benzyl-4,7-phenylphosphinic acid-1,4,7-triazacyclononane), which is isolated as its protonated form, H2(Bn-NODP)·2HCl·4H2O, at low pH (HClaq), its disodium salt, Na2(Bn-NODP)·5H2O at pH 12 (NaOHaq), or the neutral H2(Bn-NODP) under mildly basic conditions (Et3N). A crystal structure of H2(Bn-NODP)·2HCl·H2O confirmed the ligand's identity. The mononuclear [GaCl(Bn-NODP)] complex was prepared by treatment of either the HCl or sodium salt with Ga(NO3)3·9H2O or GaCl3, while treatment of H2(Bn-NODP)·2HCl·4H2O with FeCl3 in aqueous HCl gives [FeCl(Bn-NODP)]. The addition of 1 mol. equiv of aqueous KF to these chloro complexes readily forms the [MF(Bn-NODP)] analogues. Spectroscopic analysis on these complexes confirms pentadentate coordination of the doubly deprotonated (bis-phosphinate) macrocycle via its N3O2 donor set, with the halide ligand completing a distorted octahedral geometry; this is further confirmed through a crystal structure analysis on [GaF(Bn-NODP)]·4H2O. The complex adopts the geometric isomer in which the phosphinate arms are coordinated unsymmetrically (isomer 1) and with the stereochemistry of the three N atoms of the tacn ring in the RRS configuration, denoted (N)RRS, and the phosphinate groups in the RR stereochemistry, denoted (P)RR, (isomer 1/RR), together with its (N)SSR (P)SS enantiomer. The greater thermodynamic stability of isomer 1/RR over the other possible isomers is also indicated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Radiofluorination experiments on the [MCl(Bn-NODP)] complexes in partially aqueous MeCN/NaOAcaq (Ga) or EtOH (Ga or Fe; i.e. without buffer) with 18F- target water at 80 °C/10 min lead to high radiochemical incorporation (radiochemical yields 60-80% at 1 mg/mL, or ∼1.5 μM, concentration of the precursor). While the [Fe18F(n-NODP)] is unstable (loss of 18F-) in both H2O/EtOH and PBS/EtOH (PBS = phosphate buffered saline), the [Ga18F(Bn-NODP)] radioproduct shows excellent stability, RCP = 99% at t = 4 h (RCP = radiochemical purity) when formulated in 90%:10% H2O/EtOH and ca. 95% RCP over 4 h when formulated in 90%:10% PBS/EtOH. This indicates that the new "GaIII(Bn-NODP)" moiety is a considerably superior fluoride binding scaffold than the previously reported [Ga18F(Bn-NODA)] (Bn-NODA = 1-benzyl-4,7-dicarboxylate-1,4,7-triazacyclononane), which undergoes rapid and complete hydrolysis in PBS/EtOH (refer to Chem. Eur. J. 2015, 21, 4688-4694).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle
E. Runacres
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria K. Greenacre
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Dyke
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Grigg
- GE
HealthCare, Pollards Wood, Nightingales Lane, Chalfont
St. Giles, Buckinghamshire HP8 4SP, United Kingdom
| | - George Herbert
- GE
HealthCare, Pollards Wood, Nightingales Lane, Chalfont
St. Giles, Buckinghamshire HP8 4SP, United Kingdom
| | - William Levason
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme McRobbie
- GE
HealthCare, Pollards Wood, Nightingales Lane, Chalfont
St. Giles, Buckinghamshire HP8 4SP, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Reid
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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2
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Röther A, Farmer JC, Portwich FL, Görls H, Kretschmer R. Anion-Dependent Reactivity of Mono- and Dinuclear Boron Cations. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302544. [PMID: 37641815 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The dinuclear bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) borane adduct 2 rapidly reacts with tritylium salts at room temperature but the outcome is strongly impacted by the respective counter-ion. Using tritylium tetrakis(perfluoro-tert-butoxy)aluminate affords - depending on the solvent - either the bis(boronium) ion 4 or the hydride-bridged dication 5. In case of tritylium hexafluorophosphate, however, H/F exchange occurs between boron and phosphorus yielding the dinuclear BF3 adduct 3 along with phosphorus dihydride trifluoride. H/F exchange also takes place when using the mononuclear N-heterocyclic carbene BH3 adduct 6 and hence provides a facile route to PH2 F3 , which is usually synthesized in more complex reaction sequences regularly involving toxic hydrogen fluoride. DFT calculations shed light on the H/F exchange between the borenium ion and the [PF6 ]- counter-ion and the computed mechanism features only small barriers in line with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Röther
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - James C Farmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Flavio L Portwich
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Kretschmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
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3
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Abstract
18F-Labeling methods for the preparation of 18F-labeled molecular probes can be classified into electrophilic fluorination, nucleophilic fluorination, metal-F coordination, and 18F/19F isotope exchange. Isotope exchange-based 18F-labeling methods demonstrate mild conditions featuring water resistance and facile high-performance liquid chromatography-free purification in direct 18F-labeling of substrates. This paper systematically reviews isotope exchange-based 18F-labeling methods sorted by the adjacent atom bonding with F, i.e., carbon and noncarbon atoms (Si, B, P, S, Ga, Fe, etc.). The respective isotope exchange mechanism, radiolabeling condition, radiochemical yield, molar activity, and stability of the 18F-product are mainly discussed for each isotope exchange-based 18F-labeling method as well as the cutting-edge application of the corresponding 18F-labeled molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shengji Lv
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhaobiao Mou
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhenru Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Taotao Dong
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zijing Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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4
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Culpepper JD, Lee K, Portis W, Swenson DC, Daly SR. Fluorination and hydrolytic stability of water-soluble platinum complexes with a borane-bridged diphosphoramidite ligand. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12895-12903. [PMID: 35942906 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01482c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The high fluorophilicity of borane-containing ligands offers promise for accessing new metallodrug candidates capable of bifunctional [18F]-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, but this requires water soluble and hydrolytically stable ligands that can be fluorinated under mild conditions. Toward this goal, here we report the synthesis and characterization of water-soluble Pt(II) complexes containing a triaminoborane-bridged diphosphoramidite ligand called MeOTBDPhos that can be fluorinated using simple fluoride salts. NMR and XRD studies show that (MeOTBDPhos)PtCl2 (1) dissolves in water with cooperative H-OH addition across the bridgehead N-B bond to form 1-H2O. The B-OH bond in 1-H2O undergoes rapid displacement with fluoride (<10 min) when treated with CsF in MeCN to form 1-HF. 1-HF can also be prepared in <10 min by addition of KF to 1 in the presence Kryptofix® 222 and (HNEt3)Cl in MeCN. In addition to using fluoride salts, we show how mononuclear 1 can be fluorinated with HBF4·Et2O to form dinuclear [(MeOTBDPhos-HF)Pt(μ-Cl)]2(BF4)2 (4-HF). Comparative studies show that the B-F bond in 1-HF undergoes hydrolysis as soon as it is dissolved in water or saline, but the B-F bond persists for hours when the pH of the solution is lowered to pH ≤ 2. In contrast to 1-HF, the B-F bond in dinuclear 4-HF persists for days when dissolved in water, which may be attributed to slow, sacrificial release of fluoride from the BF4- anion. The results show how cooperative N-B reactivity on the ligand can be leveraged to rapidly fluorinate water-soluble MeOTBDPhos complexes under mild conditions and afford suggestions for how to enhance hydrolytic B-F stability, as required for use in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan D Culpepper
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
| | - Kyounghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
| | - William Portis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
| | - Dale C Swenson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
| | - Scott R Daly
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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Bartoli F, Elsinga P, Nazario LR, Zana A, Galbiati A, Millul J, Migliorini F, Cazzamalli S, Neri D, Slart RHJA, Erba PA. Automated Radiosynthesis, Preliminary In Vitro/In Vivo Characterization of OncoFAP-Based Radiopharmaceuticals for Cancer Imaging and Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080958. [PMID: 36015106 PMCID: PMC9416253 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
FAP-targeted radiopharmaceuticals represent a breakthrough in cancer imaging and a viable option for therapeutic applications. OncoFAP is an ultra-high-affinity ligand of FAP with a dissociation constant of 680 pM. OncoFAP has been recently discovered and clinically validated for PET imaging procedures in patients with solid malignancies. While more and more clinical validation is becoming available, the need for scalable and robust procedures for the preparation of this new class of radiopharmaceuticals continues to increase. In this article, we present the development of automated radiolabeling procedures for the preparation of OncoFAP-based radiopharmaceuticals for cancer imaging and therapy. A new series of [68Ga]Ga-OncoFAP, [177Lu]Lu-OncoFAP and [18F]AlF-OncoFAP was produced with high radiochemical yields. Chemical and biochemical characterization after radiolabeling confirmed its excellent stability, retention of high affinity for FAP and absence of radiolysis by-products. The in vivo biodistribution of [18F]AlF-NOTA-OncoFAP, a candidate for PET imaging procedures in patients, was assessed in mice bearing FAP-positive solid tumors. The product showed rapid accumulation in solid tumors, with an average of 6.6% ID/g one hour after systemic administration and excellent tumor-to-healthy organs ratio. We have developed simple, quick, safe and robust synthetic procedures for the preparation of theranostic OncoFAP-compounds based on Gallium-68, Lutetium-177 and Fluorine-18 using the commercially available FASTlab synthesis module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bartoli
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Philip Elsinga
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.E.); (L.R.N.); (R.H.J.A.S.)
| | - Luiza Reali Nazario
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.E.); (L.R.N.); (R.H.J.A.S.)
| | - Aureliano Zana
- Philochem AG, R&D Department, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (A.Z.); (A.G.); (J.M.); (F.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Andrea Galbiati
- Philochem AG, R&D Department, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (A.Z.); (A.G.); (J.M.); (F.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Jacopo Millul
- Philochem AG, R&D Department, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (A.Z.); (A.G.); (J.M.); (F.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca Migliorini
- Philochem AG, R&D Department, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (A.Z.); (A.G.); (J.M.); (F.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Samuele Cazzamalli
- Philochem AG, R&D Department, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (A.Z.); (A.G.); (J.M.); (F.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Philogen S.p.A., 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Riemer H. J. A. Slart
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.E.); (L.R.N.); (R.H.J.A.S.)
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Anna Erba
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.E.); (L.R.N.); (R.H.J.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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King RP, Levason W, Reid G. Neutral and cationic germanium(IV) fluoride complexes with phosphine coordination - synthesis, spectroscopy and structures. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17751-17765. [PMID: 34812814 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03339e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The neutral complexes trans-[GeF4(PiPr3)2] and [GeF4(κ2-L)] (L = CH3C(CH2PPh2)3 or P(CH2CH2PPh2)3) are obtained from [GeF4(MeCN)2] and the ligand in CH2Cl2. Treatment of [GeF4(PMe3)2] with n equivalents of TMSOTf (Me3SiO3SCF3) leads to formation of the series [GeF4-n(PMe3)2(OTf)n] (n = 1, 2, 3), each of which contains six-coordinate Ge(IV) with trans PMe3 ligands and X-ray structural data confirm that the OTf groups interact with Ge(IV) to varying degrees. Unexpectedly, [GeF3(PMe3)2(OTf)] undergoes reductive defluorination in solution, forming the Ge(II) complex, [Ge(PMe3)3][OTf]2 (and [FPMe3]+). The bulkier PiPr3 leads to formation of the ionic [GeF3(iPr3P)2][OTf], containing a [GeF3(iPr3P)2]+ cation. [GeF4{o-C6H4(PMe2)2}], containing the cis-chelating diphosphine, also reacts with n equivalents of TMSOTf to generate [GeF4-n{o-C6H4(PMe2)2}(OTf)n] (n = 1, 2, 3). As for the PMe3 system, the trifluoride, [GeF3{o-C6H4(PMe2)2}(OTf)], is unstable to reductive defluorination in solution, producing the pyramidal Ge(II) complex [Ge{(o-C6H4(PMe2)2}(OTf)][OTf], whose crystal structure has been determined. The [GeF3{Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2}(OTf)] and [GeF2{Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2}(OTf)2], obtained similarly from the parent tetrafluoride complex, are poorly soluble, however their structures were confirmed crystallographically. The complexes in this work have been characterised via variable temperature 1H, 19F{1H} and 31P{1H} NMR studies in solution, IR spectroscopy and microanalysis and through single crystal X-ray analysis of representative examples across each series. Trends in the NMR and structural parameters are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys P King
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - William Levason
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Gillian Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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7
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Archibald SJ, Allott L. The aluminium-[ 18F]fluoride revolution: simple radiochemistry with a big impact for radiolabelled biomolecules. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:30. [PMID: 34436693 PMCID: PMC8390636 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aluminium-[18F]fluoride ([18F]AlF) radiolabelling method combines the favourable decay characteristics of fluorine-18 with the convenience and familiarity of metal-based radiochemistry and has been used to parallel gallium-68 radiopharmaceutical developments. As such, the [18F]AlF method is popular and widely implemented in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for the clinic. In this review, we capture the current status of [18F]AlF-based technology and reflect upon its impact on nuclear medicine, as well as offering our perspective on what the future holds for this unique radiolabelling method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Archibald
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - Louis Allott
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. .,Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK.
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Gower-Fry L, Kronemann T, Dorian A, Pu Y, Jaworski C, Wängler C, Bartenstein P, Beyer L, Lindner S, Jurkschat K, Wängler B, Bailey JJ, Schirrmacher R. Recent Advances in the Clinical Translation of Silicon Fluoride Acceptor (SiFA) 18F-Radiopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070701. [PMID: 34358127 PMCID: PMC8309031 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of silicon fluoride acceptor (SiFA) moieties into a variety of molecules, such as peptides, proteins and biologically relevant small molecules, has improved the generation of 18F-radiopharmaceuticals for medical imaging. The efficient isotopic exchange radiofluorination process, in combination with the enhanced [18F]SiFA in vivo stability, make it a suitable strategy for fluorine-18 incorporation. This review will highlight the clinical applicability of [18F]SiFA-labeled compounds and discuss the significant radiotracers currently in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexi Gower-Fry
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Travis Kronemann
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Andreas Dorian
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Yinglan Pu
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Carolin Jaworski
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Justin J. Bailey
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Witney TH, Blower PJ. The chemical tool-kit for molecular imaging with radionuclides in the age of targeted and immune therapy. Cancer Imaging 2021; 21:18. [PMID: 33516256 PMCID: PMC7847158 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-021-00385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear medicine has evolved over the last half-century from a functional imaging modality using a handful of radiopharmaceuticals, many of unknown structure and mechanism of action, into a modern speciality that can properly be described as molecular imaging, with a very large number of specific radioactive probes of known structure that image specific molecular processes. The advances of cancer treatment in recent decades towards targeted and immune therapies, combined with recognition of heterogeneity of cancer cell phenotype among patients, within patients and even within tumours, has created a growing need for personalised molecular imaging to support treatment decision. This article describes the evolution of the present vast range of radioactive probes – radiopharmaceuticals – leveraging a wide variety of chemical disciplines, over the last half century. These radiochemical innovations have been inspired by the need to support personalised medicine and also by the parallel development in development of new radionuclide imaging technologies – from gamma scintigraphy, through single photon emission tomography (SPECT), through the rise of clinical positron emission tomography (PET) and PET-CT, and perhaps in the future, by the advent of total body PET. Thus, in the interdisciplinary world of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, as quickly as radiochemistry solutions are developed to meet new needs in cancer imaging, new challenges emerge as developments in one contributing technology drive innovations in the others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H Witney
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, England
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, England.
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10
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Munch M, Rotstein BH, Ulrich G. Fluorine-18-Labeled Fluorescent Dyes for Dual-Mode Molecular Imaging. Molecules 2020; 25:E6042. [PMID: 33371284 PMCID: PMC7766373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress realized in the development of optical imaging (OPI) probes and devices has made this technique more and more affordable for imaging studies and fluorescence-guided surgery procedures. However, this imaging modality still suffers from a low depth of penetration, thus limiting its use to shallow tissues or endoscopy-based procedures. In contrast, positron emission tomography (PET) presents a high depth of penetration and the resulting signal is less attenuated, allowing for imaging in-depth tissues. Thus, association of these imaging techniques has the potential to push back the limits of each single modality. Recently, several research groups have been involved in the development of radiolabeled fluorophores with the aim of affording dual-mode PET/OPI probes used in preclinical imaging studies of diverse pathological conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, or cardiovascular diseases. Among all the available PET-active radionuclides, 18F stands out as the most widely used for clinical imaging thanks to its advantageous characteristics (t1/2 = 109.77 min; 97% β+ emitter). This review focuses on the recent efforts in the synthesis and radiofluorination of fluorescent scaffolds such as 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-diazaindacenes (BODIPYs), cyanines, and xanthene derivatives and their use in preclinical imaging studies using both PET and OPI technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Munch
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Benjamin H. Rotstein
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Gilles Ulrich
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Énergie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), UMR CNRS 7515, École Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, CEDEX 02, 67087 Strasbourg, France;
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11
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Martinelli J, Remotti D, Tei L. Selective functionalization of 6-amino-6-methyl-1,4-perhydrodiazepine for the synthesis of a library of polydentate chelators. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5245-5252. [PMID: 32614034 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00980f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polydentate chelators are an important part of an imaging probe, which consists of an agent that usually produces signals for imaging purposes connected to a targeting moiety. The goal of this study was to set up a generic protocol to prepare a library of polydentate ligands having a 6-amino-6-methyl-1,4-perhydrodiazepine (AMPED) core and able to chelate metal ions of interest for various diagnostic imaging techniques, including Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). These ions, among which we can include Mn(ii), Cu(ii), Al(iii) or Ga(iii), require penta- or hexa-dentate chelators for this purpose, and the AMPED scaffold has considerable potential to support various pendant arms for coordination of such ions. AMPED already has three amino nitrogen donors; thus, only two or three additional arms should be introduced to obtain penta- or hexa-dentate systems. This condition implies that symmetrical or asymmetrical structures have to be developed, depending on the functionalization of cyclic and exocyclic amines. Starting from easily available materials, we have designed a convenient protocol for the preparation of multiple AMPED-based ligands endowed with different characteristics, several of which were synthesized as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Davide Remotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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12
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Ermert J, Benešová M, Hugenberg V, Gupta V, Spahn I, Pietzsch HJ, Liolios C, Kopka K. Radiopharmaceutical Sciences. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Hacaperková E, Jaroš A, Kotek J, Notni J, Straka M, Kubíček V, Hermann P. Al( iii)-NTA-fluoride: a simple model system for Al–F binding with interesting thermodynamics. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13726-13736. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02644a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated AlIII complex shows a fast exchange of water molecules, hydroxide and fluoride anions in the coordination sphere, highly pH-dependent fluoride binding and release of fluorides at high pH or at high phosphate anion concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Hacaperková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Adam Jaroš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- AS CR
- 166 10 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Notni
- Institut für Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie
- Technische Universität München
- 81675 München
- Germany
| | - Michal Straka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- AS CR
- 166 10 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Kubíček
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague
- Czech Republic
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14
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Fersing C, Bouhlel A, Cantelli C, Garrigue P, Lisowski V, Guillet B. A Comprehensive Review of Non-Covalent Radiofluorination Approaches Using Aluminum [ 18F]fluoride: Will [ 18F]AlF Replace 68Ga for Metal Chelate Labeling? Molecules 2019; 24:E2866. [PMID: 31394799 PMCID: PMC6719958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its ideal physical properties, fluorine-18 turns out to be a key radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, for both preclinical and clinical applications. However, usual biomolecules radiofluorination procedures require the formation of covalent bonds with fluorinated prosthetic groups. This drawback makes radiofluorination impractical for routine radiolabeling, gallium-68 appearing to be much more convenient for the labeling of chelator-bearing PET probes. In response to this limitation, a recent expansion of the 18F chemical toolbox gave aluminum [18F]fluoride chemistry a real prominence since the late 2000s. This approach is based on the formation of an [18F][AlF]2+ cation, complexed with a 9-membered cyclic chelator such as NOTA, NODA or their analogs. Allowing a one-step radiofluorination in an aqueous medium, this technique combines fluorine-18 and non-covalent radiolabeling with the advantage of being very easy to implement. Since its first reports, [18F]AlF radiolabeling approach has been applied to a wide variety of potential PET imaging vectors, whether of peptidic, proteic, or small molecule structure. Most of these [18F]AlF-labeled tracers showed promising preclinical results and have reached the clinical evaluation stage for some of them. The aim of this report is to provide a comprehensive overview of [18F]AlF labeling applications through a description of the various [18F]AlF-labeled conjugates, from their radiosynthesis to their evaluation as PET imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Fersing
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France.
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), University of Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Ahlem Bouhlel
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Cantelli
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 34093 Montpellier CEDEX, France
| | - Philippe Garrigue
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Lisowski
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 34093 Montpellier CEDEX, France
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13385 Marseille, France
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15
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Vermeulen K, Vandamme M, Bormans G, Cleeren F. Design and Challenges of Radiopharmaceuticals. Semin Nucl Med 2019; 49:339-356. [PMID: 31470930 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review describes general concepts with regard to radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic or therapeutic applications that help to understand the specific challenges encountered during the design, (radio)synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation and clinical translation of novel radiopharmaceuticals. The design of a radiopharmaceutical requires upfront decisions with regard to combining a suitable vector molecule with an appropriate radionuclide, considering the type and location of the molecular target, the desired application, and the time constraints imposed by the relatively short half-life of radionuclides. Well-designed in vitro and in vivo experiments allow nonclinical validation of radiotracers. Ultimately, in combination with a limited toxicology package, the radiotracer becomes a radiopharmaceutical for clinical evaluation, produced in compliance with regulatory requirements for medicines for intravenous (IV) injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Vandamme
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frederik Cleeren
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Levason W, Monzittu FM, Reid G. Coordination chemistry and applications of medium/high oxidation state metal and non-metal fluoride and oxide-fluoride complexes with neutral donor ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Blower PJ, Levason W, Luthra SK, McRobbie G, Monzittu FM, Mules TO, Reid G, Subhan MN. Exploring transition metal fluoride chelates - synthesis, properties and prospects towards potential PET probes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6767-6776. [PMID: 31017131 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03696a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of the first row transition metal trifluorides with terpy (2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) and Me3-tacn (1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) was explored to identify potential systems for 18F radiolabelling. The complexes [MF3(L)] (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co; L = Me3-tacn, terpy) were synthesised and fully characterised by UV-vis and IR spectroscopy, microanalysis, and, for the diamagnetic [CoF3(L)], using 1H, 19F{1H} and 59Co NMR spectroscopy. Single crystal X-ray analyses are reported for [MF3(Me3-tacn)] (M = Mn, Co), [FeF3(terpy)] and [FeF3(BnMe2-tacn)]. Stability tests on [MF3(Me3-tacn)] (M = Cr, Mn, Fe) and [M'F3(terpy)] (M' = Cr, Fe) were performed and Cl/19F halide exchange reactions on [CrCl3(Me3-tacn)] using [Me4N]F in anhydrous MeCN solution, and [FeCl3(Me3-tacn)] using [Me4N]F in anhydrous MeCN or KF in aqueous MeCN solution were also carried out. Halide exchange reactions proved to be successful in forming [FeF3(Me3-tacn)] in aqueous MeCN solution within 30 minutes. Based upon the clean Cl/F exchange and the good stability observed for [FeF3(Me3-tacn)] in a range of competitive media, this was identified as a possible candidate for radiolabelling. 18F/19F isotopic exchange was achieved by addition of [18F]F- in the cyclotron target water to a MeCN solution of the benzyl-substituted analogue, [FeF3(BnMe2-tacn)], at a range of concentrations down to 24 nM with heating to 80 °C for 10 min.; the resulting [Fe18F19F2(BnMe2-tacn)] shows radiochemical purity (RCP) ≥90% after 2 h in a range of formulations, including 10% EtOH/phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and 10% EtOH/human serum albumin (HSA). This is the first reported complex with a transition metal directly bonded to [18F]F-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
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18
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Song J, Peng X, Li L, Yang F, Zhang X, Zhang J, Dai J, Cui M. Al 18F-NODA Benzothiazole Derivatives as Imaging Agents for Cerebrovascular Amyloid in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:13089-13096. [PMID: 30411027 PMCID: PMC6217595 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized four novel Al18/19F-labeled 2-phenylbenzothiazole derivatives conjugated to 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-diacetic acid via alkyl linkers and evaluated them as imaging agent targets to amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques deposited in the blood vessels of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) brain. The four ligands exhibited moderate-to-high binding ability to Aβ1-42 aggregates, of which complex 17 possessing the most potent affinity (K i = 11.3 nM) was selected for further biological evaluations. In vitro fluorescent staining and in vitro autoradiography studies on brain sections from CAA patients proved that this ligand could label Aβ deposits in blood vessels selectively. In biodistribution study, [18F]17 can hardly penetrate the blood-brain barrier (brain2 min = 0.3% ID/g) and displayed a rapid blood washout rate (blood2 min/blood60 min = 25.2), which is favorable as CAA imaging agents. In conclusion, this Al18F-labeled 2-phenylbenzothiazole complex was developed and proved to be a promising CAA positron emission tomography agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Peng
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Li
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese PLA General
Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese PLA General
Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Jiapei Dai
- Wuhan
Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mengchao Cui
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese PLA General
Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
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19
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Varlow C, Szames D, Dahl K, Bernard-Gauthier V, Vasdev N. Fluorine-18: an untapped resource in inorganic chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11835-11842. [PMID: 30191929 PMCID: PMC6849477 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04751k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the field of fluorine chemistry have been applied extensively to the syntheses of 18F-labelled organic compounds and radiopharmaceuticals. However, 18F has sparely been used as a tool to explore inorganic chemistry and can be viewed as a research area worthy of further development. This review highlights the application of 18F in development of inorganic fluorinating agents, mechanistic studies and imaging tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassis Varlow
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St. Toronto, ON M5T-1R8, Canada.
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20
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Direct fluorine-18 labeling of heat-sensitive biomolecules for positron emission tomography imaging using the Al18F-RESCA method. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:2330-2347. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Perrin DM. Organotrifluoroborates as prosthetic groups for Single-Step F18-Labeling of Complex Molecules. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 45:86-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Zhang B, Pascali G, Wyatt N, Matesic L, Klenner MA, Sia TR, Guastella AJ, Massi M, Robinson AJ, Fraser BH. Synthesis, bioconjugation and stability studies of [
18
F]ethenesulfonyl fluoride. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:847-856. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
- Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Giancarlo Pascali
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre – The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Naomi Wyatt
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
| | - Lidia Matesic
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
| | - Mitchell A. Klenner
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
- Curtin University Bentley Western Australia Australia
| | - Tiffany R. Sia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre – The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Adam J. Guastella
- Brain and Mind Centre – The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | | | | | - Benjamin H. Fraser
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
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23
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Monzittu FM, Khan I, Levason W, Luthra SK, McRobbie G, Reid G. Rapid Aqueous Late-Stage Radiolabelling of [GaF 3 (BnMe 2 -tacn)] by 18 F/ 19 F Isotopic Exchange: Towards New PET Imaging Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6658-6661. [PMID: 29659110 PMCID: PMC6055623 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid method for 18 F radiolabelling of [GaF3 (BnMe2 -tacn)] by 18 F/19 F isotopic exchange is described. The use of MeCN/H2 O or EtOH/H2 O (75:25) and aqueous [18 F]F- (up to 200 MBq) with heating (80 °C, 10 min) gave 66±4 % 18 F incorporation at a concentration of 268 nm, and 37±5 % 18 F incorporation at even lower concentration (27 nm), without the need for a Lewis acid promoter. A solid-phase extraction method was established to give [Ga18 F19 F2 (BnMe2 -tacn)] in 99 % radiochemical purity in an EtOH/H2 O mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- GE HealthcareThe Grove CentreWhite Lion RoadAmersham (UK)HP7 9LLUK
| | - William Levason
- School of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton (UK)SO17 1BJUK
| | | | - Graeme McRobbie
- GE HealthcareThe Grove CentreWhite Lion RoadAmersham (UK)HP7 9LLUK
| | - Gillian Reid
- School of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton (UK)SO17 1BJUK
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24
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Monzittu FM, Khan I, Levason W, Luthra SK, McRobbie G, Reid G. Rapid Aqueous Late‐Stage Radiolabelling of [GaF
3
(BnMe
2
‐tacn)] by
18
F/
19
F Isotopic Exchange: Towards New PET Imaging Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- GE HealthcareThe Grove Centre White Lion Road Amersham (UK) HP7 9LL UK
| | - William Levason
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Southampton Southampton (UK) SO17 1BJ UK
| | | | - Graeme McRobbie
- GE HealthcareThe Grove Centre White Lion Road Amersham (UK) HP7 9LL UK
| | - Gillian Reid
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Southampton Southampton (UK) SO17 1BJ UK
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25
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Kumar K, Ghosh A. 18F-AlF Labeled Peptide and Protein Conjugates as Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Pharmaceuticals. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:953-975. [PMID: 29463084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The clinical applications of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging pharmaceuticals have increased tremendously over the past several years since the approval of 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Numerous 18F-labeled target-specific potential imaging pharmaceuticals, based on small and large molecules, have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. 18F-labeling of organic moieties involves the introduction of the radioisotope by C-18F bond formation via a nucleophilic or an electrophilic substitution reaction. However, biomolecules, such as peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides, cannot be radiolabeled via a C-18F bond formation as these reactions involve harsh conditions, including organic solvents, high temperature, and nonphysiological conditions. Several approaches, including 18F-labeled prosthetic groups, silicon, boron, and aluminum fluoride acceptor chemistry, and click chemistry have been developed, in the past, for 18F labeling of biomolecules. Linear and macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylates and their analogs and derivatives form thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert aluminum chelates. Hence, macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylates have been used for conjugation with biomolecules, such as folate, peptides, affibodies, and protein fragments, followed by 18F-AlF chelation, and evaluation of their targeting abilities in preclinical and clinical environments. The goal of this report is to provide an overview of the 18F radiochemistry and 18F-labeling methodologies for small molecules and target-specific biomolecules, a comprehensive review of coordination chemistry of Al3+, 18F-AlF labeling of peptide and protein conjugates, and evaluation of 18F-labeled biomolecule conjugates as potential imaging pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43212 , United States
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43212 , United States
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26
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Rugeri B, Audi H, Jewula P, Koudih R, Malacea-Kabbara R, Vimont D, Schulz J, Fernandez P, Jugé S. Designing Silylatedl-Amino Acids using a Wittig Strategy: Synthesis of Peptide Derivatives and18F-Labelling. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Rugeri
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
| | - Hassib Audi
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
| | - Pawel Jewula
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
| | - Radouane Koudih
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
| | - Raluca Malacea-Kabbara
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
| | - Delphine Vimont
- Department Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA-UMR CNRS 5287); 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX France
| | - Jürgen Schulz
- Department Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA-UMR CNRS 5287); 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX France
| | - Philippe Fernandez
- Department Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA-UMR CNRS 5287); 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX France
| | - Sylvain Jugé
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
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Schirrmacher R, Wängler B, Bailey J, Bernard-Gauthier V, Schirrmacher E, Wängler C. Small Prosthetic Groups in 18F-Radiochemistry: Useful Auxiliaries for the Design of 18F-PET Tracers. Semin Nucl Med 2017; 47:474-492. [PMID: 28826522 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prosthetic group (PG) applications in 18F-radiochemistry play a pivotal role among current 18F-labeling techniques for the development and availability of 18F-labeled imaging probes for PET (Wahl, 2002) (1). The introduction and popularization of PGs in the mid-80s by pioneers in 18F-radiochemistry has profoundly changed the landscape of available tracers for PET and has led to a multitude of new imaging agents based on simple and efficiently synthesized PGs. Because of the chemical nature of anionic 18F- (apart from electrophilic low specific activity 18F-fluorine), radiochemistry before the introduction of PGs was limited to simple nucleophilic substitutions of leaving group containing precursor molecules. These precursors were not always available, and some target compounds were either hard to synthesize or not obtainable at all. Even with the advent of recently introduced "late-stage fluorination" techniques for the 18F-fluorination of deactivated aromatic systems, PGs will continue to play a central role in 18F-radiochemistry because of their robust and almost universal usability. The importance of PGs in radiochemistry is shown by its current significance in tracer development and exemplified by an overview of selected methodologies for PG attachment to PET tracer molecules. Especially, click-chemistry approaches to PG conjugation, while furthering the historical evolution of PGs in PET tracer design, play a most influential role in modern PG utilization. All earlier and recent multifaceted approaches in PG development have significantly enriched the contingent of modern 18F-radiochemistry procedures and will continue to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Schirrmacher
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Justin Bailey
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Esther Schirrmacher
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Germany
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Cleeren F, Lecina J, Ahamed M, Raes G, Devoogdt N, Caveliers V, McQuade P, Rubins DJ, Li W, Verbruggen A, Xavier C, Bormans G. Al 18F-Labeling Of Heat-Sensitive Biomolecules for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. Theranostics 2017; 7:2924-2939. [PMID: 28824726 PMCID: PMC5562226 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) using radiolabeled biomolecules is a translational molecular imaging technology that is increasingly used in support of drug development. Current methods for radiolabeling biomolecules with fluorine-18 are laborious and require multistep procedures with moderate labeling yields. The Al18F-labeling strategy involves chelation in aqueous medium of aluminum mono[18F]fluoride ({Al18F}2+) by a suitable chelator conjugated to a biomolecule. However, the need for elevated temperatures (100-120 °C) required for the chelation reaction limits its widespread use. Therefore, we designed a new restrained complexing agent (RESCA) for application of the AlF strategy at room temperature. Methods. The new chelator RESCA was conjugated to three relevant biologicals and the constructs were labeled with {Al18F}2+ to evaluate the generic applicability of the one-step Al18F-RESCA-method. Results. We successfully labeled human serum albumin with excellent radiochemical yields in less than 30 minutes and confirmed in vivo stability of the Al18F-labeled protein in rats. In addition, we efficiently labeled nanobodies targeting the Kupffer cell marker CRIg, and performed µPET studies in healthy and CRIg deficient mice to demonstrate that the proposed radiolabeling method does not affect the functional integrity of the protein. Finally, an affibody targeting HER2 (PEP04314) was labeled site-specifically, and the distribution profile of (±)-[18F]AlF(RESCA)-PEP04314 in a rhesus monkey was compared with that of [18F]AlF(NOTA)-PEP04314 using whole-body PET/CT. Conclusion. This generic radiolabeling method has the potential to be a kit-based fluorine-18 labeling strategy, and could have a large impact on PET radiochemical space, potentially enabling the development of many new fluorine-18 labeled protein-based radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Cleeren
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joan Lecina
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Muneer Ahamed
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Raes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vicky Caveliers
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul McQuade
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Daniel J Rubins
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Wenping Li
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Alfons Verbruggen
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catarina Xavier
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Jana S, Al-huniti MH, Yang BY, Lu S, Pike VW, Lepore SD. Crown Ether Nucleophilic Catalysts (CENCs): Agents for Enhanced Silicon Radiofluorination. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2329-2335. [PMID: 28171724 PMCID: PMC5580262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New bifunctional phase transfer agents were synthesized and investigated for their abilities to promote rapid fluorination at silicon. These agents, dubbed crown ether nucleophilic catalysts (CENCs), are 18-crown-6 derivatives containing a side-arm and a potentially nucleophilic hydroxyl group. These CENCs proved efficacious in the fluorination of hindered silicon substrates, with fluorination yields dependent on the length of linker connecting the metal chelating unit to the hydroxyl group. The efficacy of these CENCs was also demonstrated for rapid radiofluorination under mild conditions for eventual application in molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). The hydrolysis-resistant aryl silicon fragment is promising as a convenient synthon for labeling potential PET radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susovan Jana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991
| | - Mohammed H. Al-huniti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991
| | - Bo Yeun Yang
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003
| | - Shuiyu Lu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003
| | - Victor W. Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003
| | - Salvatore D. Lepore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991
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Khoshnevisan A, Chuamsaamarkkee K, Boudjemeline M, Jackson A, Smith GE, Gee AD, Fruhwirth GO, Blower PJ. 18F-Fluorosulfate for PET Imaging of the Sodium-Iodide Symporter: Synthesis and Biologic Evaluation In Vitro and In Vivo. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:156-161. [PMID: 27539841 PMCID: PMC6233868 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.177519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anion transport by the human sodium-iodide symporter (hNIS) is an established target for molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy. Current radiotracers for PET of hNIS expression are limited to 124I- and 18F-BF4- We sought new 18F-labeled hNIS substrates offering higher specific activity, higher affinity, and simpler radiochemical synthesis than 18F-BF4- METHODS: The ability of a range of anions, some containing fluorine, to block 99mTcO4- uptake in hNIS-expressing cells was measured. SO3F- emerged as a promising candidate. 18F-SO3F- was synthesized by reaction of 18F- with SO3-pyridine complex in MeCN and purified using alumina and quaternary methyl ammonium solid-phase extraction cartridges. Chemical and radiochemical purity and serum stability were determined by radiochromatography. Radiotracer uptake and efflux in hNIS-transduced HCT116-C19 cells and the hNIS-negative parent cell line were evaluated in vitro in the presence and absence of a known competitive inhibitor (NaClO4). PET/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution measurement were conducted on BALB/c mice, with and without NaClO4 inhibition. RESULTS Fluorosulfate was identified as a potent inhibitor of 99mTcO4- uptake via hNIS in vitro (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, 0.55-0.56 μM (in comparison with 0.29-4.5 μM for BF4-, 0.07 μM for TcO4-, and 2.7-4.7 μM for I-). Radiolabeling to produce 18F-SO3F- was simple and afforded high radiochemical purity suitable for biologic evaluation (radiochemical purity > 95%, decay-corrected radiochemical yield = 31.6%, specific activity ≥ 48.5 GBq/μmol). Specific, blockable hNIS-mediated uptake in HCT116-C19 cells was observed in vitro, and PET/CT imaging of normal mice showed uptake in thyroid, salivary glands (percentage injected dose/g at 30 min, 563 ± 140 and 32 ± 9, respectively), and stomach (percentage injected dose/g at 90 min, 68 ± 21). CONCLUSION Fluorosulfate is a high-affinity hNIS substrate. 18F-SO3F- is easily synthesized in high yield and very high specific activity and is a promising candidate for preclinical and clinical PET imaging of hNIS expression and thyroid-related disease; it is the first example of in vivo PET imaging with a tracer containing an S-18F bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Khoshnevisan
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Krisanat Chuamsaamarkkee
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Mehdi Boudjemeline
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | - Antony D Gee
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Gilbert O Fruhwirth
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Philip J Blower
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
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Lam PYH, Hillyar CRT, Able S, Vallis KA. Synthesis and evaluation of an 18 F-labeled derivative of F3 for targeting surface-expressed nucleolin in cancer and tumor endothelial cells. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:492-499. [PMID: 27594091 PMCID: PMC5082555 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The surface overexpression of nucleolin provides an anchor for the specific attachment of biomolecules to cancer and angiogenic endothelial cells. The peptide F3 is a high-affinity ligand of the nucleolin receptor (NR) that has been investigated as a carrier to deliver biologically active molecules to tumors for both therapeutic and imaging applications. A site-specific PEGylated F3 derivative was radiolabeled with [18 F]Al-F. The binding affinity and cellular distribution of the compound was assessed in tumor (H2N) and tumor endothelial (2H-11) cells. Specific uptake via the NR was demonstrated by the siRNA knockdown of nucleolin in both cell lines. The partition and the plasma stability of the compound were assessed at 37°C. The enzyme-mediated site-specific modification of F3 to give NODA-PEG-F3 (NP-F3) was achieved. Radiolabeling with [18 F]Al-F gave 18 F-NP-F3. 18 F-NP-F3 demonstrated high affinity for cancer and tumor endothelial cells. The siRNA knockdown of nucleolin resulted in a binding affinity reduction of 50% to 60%, confirming cell surface binding via the NR. NP-F3 was stable in serum for 2 h. 18 F-NP-F3 is reported as the first 18 F-labeled F3 derivative. It was obtained in a site-specific, high-yield, and efficient manner and binds to surface NR in the low nanomolar range, suggesting it has potential as a tumor and angiogenesis tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Y H Lam
- Department of Oncology, CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher R T Hillyar
- Department of Oncology, CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Able
- Department of Oncology, CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine A Vallis
- Department of Oncology, CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK.
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Cleeren F, Lecina J, Billaud EMF, Ahamed M, Verbruggen A, Bormans GM. New Chelators for Low Temperature Al(18)F-Labeling of Biomolecules. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:790-8. [PMID: 26837664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Al(18)F labeling method is a relatively new approach that allows radiofluorination of biomolecules such as peptides and proteins in a one-step procedure and in aqueous solution. However, the chelation of the {Al(18)F}(2+) core with the macrocyclic chelators NOTA or NODA requires heating to 100-120 °C. Therefore, we have developed new polydentate ligands for the complexation of {Al(18)F}(2+) with good radiochemical yields at a temperature of 40 °C. The stability of the new Al(18)F-complexes was tested in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 and in rat serum. The stability of the Al(18)F-L3 complex was found to be comparable to that of the previously reported Al(18)F-NODA complex up to 60 min in rat serum. Moreover, the biodistribution of Al(18)F-L3 in healthy mice showed the absence of in vivo defluorination since no significant bone uptake was observed, whereas the major fraction of activity at 60 min p.i. was observed in liver and intestines, indicating hepatobiliary clearance of the radiolabeled ligand. The acyclic chelator H3L3 proved to be a good lead candidate for labeling of heat-sensitive biomolecules with fluorine-18. In order to obtain a better understanding of the different factors influencing the formation and stability of the complex, we carried out more in-depth experiments with ligand H3L3. As a proof of concept, we successfully conjugated the new AlF-chelator with the urea-based PSMA inhibitor Glu-NH-CO-NH-Lys to form Glu-NH-CO-NH-Lys(Ahx)L3, and a biodistribution study in healthy mice was performed with the Al(18)F-labeled construct. This new class of AlF-chelators may have a great impact on PET radiochemical space as it will stimulate the rapid development of new fluorine-18 labeled peptides and other heat-sensitive biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Cleeren
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, University of Leuven , Herestraat 49 box 821, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joan Lecina
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, University of Leuven , Herestraat 49 box 821, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emilie M F Billaud
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, University of Leuven , Herestraat 49 box 821, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Muneer Ahamed
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, University of Leuven , Herestraat 49 box 821, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alfons Verbruggen
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, University of Leuven , Herestraat 49 box 821, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy M Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, University of Leuven , Herestraat 49 box 821, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Bhalla R, Burt J, Hector AL, Levason W, Luthra SK, McRobbie G, Monzittu FM, Reid G. Complexes of aluminium, gallium and indium trifluorides with neutral oxygen donor ligands: Synthesis, properties and reactions. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bernard-Gauthier V, Bailey JJ, Liu Z, Wängler B, Wängler C, Jurkschat K, Perrin DM, Schirrmacher R. From Unorthodox to Established: The Current Status of (18)F-Trifluoroborate- and (18)F-SiFA-Based Radiopharmaceuticals in PET Nuclear Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 27:267-79. [PMID: 26566577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Unorthodox (18)F-labeling strategies not employing the formation of a carbon-(18)F bond are seldom found in radiochemistry. Historically, the formation of a boron- or silicon-(18)F bond has been introduced very early on into the repertoire of labeling chemistries, but is without translation into any clinical radiotracer besides inorganic B[(18)F]F4(-) for brain tumor diagnosis. For many decades these labeling methodologies were forgotten and have just recently been revived by a handful of researchers thinking outside the box. When breaking with established paradigms such as the inability to obtain labeled compounds of high specific activity via isotopic exchange or performing radiofluorination in aqueous media, the research community often reacts skeptically. In 2005 and 2006, two novel labeling methodologies were introduced into radiochemistry for positron emission tomography (PET) tracer development: RBF3(-) labeling reported by Perrin et al. and the SiFA methodology by Schirrmacher, Jurkschat, and Waengler et al. which is based on isotopic exchange (IE). Both labeling methodologies have been complemented by other noncanonical strategies to introduce (18)F into biomolecules of diagnostic importance, thus profoundly enriching the landscape of (18)F radiolabeling. B- and Si-based labeling strategies finally revealed that IE is a viable alternative to established and traditional radiochemistry with the advantage of simplifying both the labeling effort as well as the necessary purification of the radiotracer. Hence IE will be the focus of this contribution over other noncanonical labeling methods. Peptides for tumor imaging especially lend themselves favorably toward one-step labeling via IE, but small molecules have been described as well, taking advantage of these new approaches, and have been used successfully for brain imaging. This Review gives an account of both radiochemistries centered on boron and silicon, describing the very beginnings of their basic research, the path that led to optimization of their chemistries, and the first encouraging preclinical results paving the way to their clinical use. This side by side approach will give the reader the opportunity to follow the development of a new basic discovery into a clinically applicable radiotracer including all the hurdles that have had to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Division of Oncological Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta , 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Justin J Bailey
- Division of Oncological Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta , 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | | | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund , 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - David M Perrin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Division of Oncological Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta , 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
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Southworth R, Torres Martin de Rosales R, Meszaros LK, Ma MT, Mullen GED, Fruhwirth G, Young JD, Imberti C, Bagunya-Torres J, Andreozzi E, Blower PJ. Opportunities and challenges for metal chemistry in molecular imaging: from gamma camera imaging to PET and multimodality imaging. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 68:1-41. [PMID: 30381783 PMCID: PMC6205628 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of medical imaging is a highly multidisciplinary endeavor requiring the close cooperation of clinicians, physicists, engineers, biologists and chemists to identify capabilities, conceive challenges and solutions and apply them in the clinic. The chemistry described in this article illustrates how synergistic advances in these areas drive the technology and its applications forward, with each discipline producing innovations that in turn drive innovations in the others. The main thread running through the article is the shift from single photon radionuclide imaging towards PET, and in turn the emerging shift from PET/CT towards PET/MRI and further, combination of these with optical imaging. Chemistry to support these transitions is exemplified by building on a summary of the status quo, and recent developments, in technetium-99m chemistry for SPECT imaging, followed by a report of recent developments to support clinical application of short lived (Ga-68) and long-lived (Zr-89) positron emitting isotopes, copper isotopes for PET imaging, and combined modality imaging agents based on radiolabelled iron oxide based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Southworth
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Levente K Meszaros
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michelle T Ma
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gregory E D Mullen
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gilbert Fruhwirth
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jennifer D Young
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Julia Bagunya-Torres
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Erica Andreozzi
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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Chansaenpak K, Vabre B, Gabbaï FP. [(18)F]-Group 13 fluoride derivatives as radiotracers for positron emission tomography. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 45:954-71. [PMID: 26548467 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00687b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The field of (18)F chemistry is rapidly expanding because of the use of this radionuclide in radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET). Until recently, most [(18)F]-radiotracers were generated by the direct attachment of (18)F to a carbon in the organic backbone of the radiotracer. The past decade has witnessed the emergence of a new strategy based on the formation of an (18)F-group 13 element bond. This approach, which is rooted in the field of fluoride anion complexation/coordination chemistry, has led to the development of a remarkable family of boron, aluminium and gallium [(18)F]-fluoride anion complexing agents which can be conjugated with peptides and small molecules to generate disease specific PET radiotracers. This review is dedicated to the chemistry of these group 13 [(18)F]-fluorides anion complexing agents and their use in PET. Some of the key fluoride-binding motifs covered in this review include the trifluoroborate unit bound to neutral or cationic electron deficient backbones, the BF2 unit of BODIPY dyes, and AlF or GaF3 units coordinated to multidentate Lewis basic ligands. In addition to describing how these moieties can be converted into their [(18)F]-analogs, this review also dicusses their incorporation into bioconjugates for application in PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantapat Chansaenpak
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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Zeng JL, Wang J, Ma JA. New strategies for rapid (18)F-radiolabeling of biomolecules for radionuclide-based in vivo imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1000-3. [PMID: 25898224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The increasing availability of highly active no-carrier-added [(18)F]-fluoride makes its use in radiolabeling biomolecules attractive. By incorporating "fluorophilic" elements (Si, B, and Al) into biomolecules, recent advances offer mild and rapid (18)F-labeling approaches without HPLC purification at the radiosynthetic stage while maintaining sufficient specific activity. In this Topical Review, we will discuss the most recent strides in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Liang Zeng
- †Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (the Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- ‡Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- †Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (the Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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Niedermoser S, Chin J, Wängler C, Kostikov A, Bernard-Gauthier V, Vogler N, Soucy JP, McEwan AJ, Schirrmacher R, Wängler B. In Vivo Evaluation of ¹⁸F-SiFAlin-Modified TATE: A Potential Challenge for ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE, the Clinical Gold Standard for Somatostatin Receptor Imaging with PET. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1100-5. [PMID: 25977461 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.149583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Radiolabeled peptides for tumor imaging with PET that can be produced with kits are currently in the spotlight of radiopharmacy and nuclear medicine. The diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors in particular has been a prime example for the usefulness of peptides labeled with a variety of different radionuclides. Among those, (68)Ga and (18)F stand out because of the ease of radionuclide introduction (e.g., (68)Ga isotope) or optimal nuclide properties for PET imaging (slightly favoring the (18)F isotope). The in vivo properties of good manufacturing practice-compliant, newly developed kitlike-producible (18)F-SiFA- and (18)F-SiFAlin- (SiFA = silicon-fluoride acceptor) modified TATE derivatives were compared with the current clinical gold standard (68)Ga-DOTATATE for high-quality imaging of somatostatin receptor-bearing tumors. METHODS SiFA- and SiFAlin-derivatized somatostatin analogs were synthesized and radiolabeled using cartridge-based dried (18)F and purified via a C18 cartridge (radiochemical yield 49.8% ± 5.9% within 20-25 min) without high-performance liquid chromatography purification. Tracer lipophilicity and stability in human serum were tested in vitro. Competitive receptor binding affinity studies were performed using AR42J cells. The most promising tracers were evaluated in vivo in an AR42J xenograft mouse model by ex vivo biodistribution and in vivo PET/CT imaging studies for evaluation of their pharmacokinetic profiles, and the results were compared with those of the current clinical gold standard (68)Ga-DOTATATE. RESULTS Synthetically easily accessible (18)F-labeled silicon-fluoride acceptor-modified somatostatin analogs were developed. They exhibited high binding affinities to somatostatin receptor-positive tumor cells (1.88-14.82 nM). The most potent compound demonstrated comparable pharmacokinetics and an even slightly higher absolute tumor accumulation level in ex vivo biodistribution studies as well as higher tumor standardized uptake values in PET/CT imaging than (68)Ga-DOTATATE in vivo. The radioactivity uptake in nontumor tissue was higher than for (68)Ga-DOTATATE. CONCLUSION The introduction of the novel SiFA building block SiFAlin and of hydrophilic auxiliaries enables a favorable in vivo biodistribution profile of the modified TATE peptides, resulting in high tumor-to-background ratios although lower than those observed with (68)Ga-DOTATATE. As further advantage, the SiFA methodology enables a kitlike labeling procedure for (18)F-labeled peptides advantageous for routine clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Niedermoser
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joshua Chin
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Division of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexey Kostikov
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Division of Oncological Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nils Vogler
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; and
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Concordia-PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexander J McEwan
- Division of Oncological Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Division of Oncological Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Björn Wängler
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Bernard J, Malacea-Kabbara R, Clemente GS, Burke BP, Eymin MJ, Archibald SJ, Jugé S. o-Boronato- and o-Trifluoroborato–Phosphonium Salts Supported by l-α-Amino Acid Side Chain. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4289-98. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bernard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) StéréochIM UMR CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue A. Savary BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Raluca Malacea-Kabbara
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) StéréochIM UMR CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue A. Savary BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Gonçalo S. Clemente
- Department
of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, East
Yorkshire HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin P. Burke
- Department
of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, East
Yorkshire HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Joëlle Eymin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) StéréochIM UMR CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue A. Savary BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Stephen J. Archibald
- Department
of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, East
Yorkshire HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvain Jugé
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) StéréochIM UMR CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue A. Savary BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
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Abstract
Radioisotopes of elements from all parts of the periodic table find both clinical and research applications in radionuclide molecular imaging and therapy (nuclear medicine). This article provides an overview of these applications in relation to both the radiological properties of the radionuclides and the chemical properties of the elements, indicating past successes, current applications and future opportunities and challenges for inorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Blower
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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41
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Cornilleau T, Audrain H, Guillemet A, Hermange P, Fouquet E. General Last-Step Labeling of Biomolecule-Based Substrates by [12C], [13C], and [11C] Carbon Monoxide. Org Lett 2015; 17:354-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol503471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cornilleau
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la
Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Audrain
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aude Guillemet
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la
Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Hermange
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la
Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Eric Fouquet
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la
Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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Liu Z, Radtke MA, Wong MQ, Lin KS, Yapp DT, Perrin DM. Dual Mode Fluorescent 18F-PET Tracers: Efficient Modular Synthesis of Rhodamine-[cRGD]2-[18F]-Organotrifluoroborate, Rapid, and High Yielding One-Step 18F-Labeling at High Specific Activity, and Correlated in Vivo PET Imaging and ex Vivo Fluorescence. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1951-62. [DOI: 10.1021/bc5003357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Liu
- Chemistry
Department University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | - Mark Alex Radtke
- Chemistry
Department University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | | | | | | | - David M. Perrin
- Chemistry
Department University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
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43
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Brizet B, Goncalves V, Bernhard C, Harvey PD, Denat F, Goze C. DMAP-BODIPY Alkynes: A Convenient Tool for Labeling Biomolecules for Bimodal PET-Optical Imaging. Chemistry 2014; 20:12933-44. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Burke BP, Clemente GS, Archibald SJ. Boron-18F containing positron emission tomography radiotracers: advances and opportunities. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 10:96-110. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Burke
- Department of Chemistry; University of Hull; Hull HU6 7RX UK
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre; University of Hull; Hull HU6 7RX UK
| | - Gonçalo S. Clemente
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre; University of Hull; Hull HU6 7RX UK
| | - Stephen J. Archibald
- Department of Chemistry; University of Hull; Hull HU6 7RX UK
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre; University of Hull; Hull HU6 7RX UK
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¹⁸F-labeled silicon-based fluoride acceptors: potential opportunities for novel positron emitting radiopharmaceuticals. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:454503. [PMID: 25157357 PMCID: PMC4135131 DOI: 10.1155/2014/454503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the recent years, radiopharmaceutical chemistry has experienced a wide variety of innovative pushes towards finding both novel and unconventional radiochemical methods to introduce fluorine-18 into radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET). These "nonclassical" labeling methodologies based on silicon-, boron-, and aluminium-(18)F chemistry deviate from commonplace bonding of an [(18)F]fluorine atom ((18)F) to either an aliphatic or aromatic carbon atom. One method in particular, the silicon-fluoride-acceptor isotopic exchange (SiFA-IE) approach, invalidates a dogma in radiochemistry that has been widely accepted for many years: the inability to obtain radiopharmaceuticals of high specific activity (SA) via simple IE. METHODOLOGY The most advantageous feature of IE labeling in general is that labeling precursor and labeled radiotracer are chemically identical, eliminating the need to separate the radiotracer from its precursor. SiFA-IE chemistry proceeds in dipolar aprotic solvents at room temperature and below, entirely avoiding the formation of radioactive side products during the IE. SCOPE OF REVIEW A great plethora of different SiFA species have been reported in the literature ranging from small prosthetic groups and other compounds of low molecular weight to labeled peptides and most recently affibody molecules. CONCLUSIONS The literature over the last years (from 2006 to 2014) shows unambiguously that SiFA-IE and other silicon-based fluoride acceptor strategies relying on (18)F(-) leaving group substitutions have the potential to become a valuable addition to radiochemistry.
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Braghirolli AMS, Waissmann W, da Silva JB, dos Santos GR. Production of iodine-124 and its applications in nuclear medicine. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 90:138-48. [PMID: 24747530 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, iodine-124 was not considered to be an attractive isotope for medical applications owing to its complex radioactive decay scheme, which includes several high-energy gamma rays. However, its unique chemical properties, and convenient half-life of 4.2 days indicated it would be only a matter of time for its frequent application to become a reality. The development of new medical imaging techniques, especially improvements in the technology of positron emission tomography (PET), such as the development of new detectors and signal processing electronics, has opened up new prospects for its application. With the increasing use of PET in medical oncology, pharmacokinetics, and drug metabolism, (124)I-labeled radiopharmaceuticals are now becoming one of the most useful tools for PET imaging, and owing to the convenient half-life of I-124, they can be used in PET scanners far away from the radionuclide production site. Thus far, the limited availability of this radionuclide has been an impediment to its wider application in clinical use. For example, sodium [(124)I]-iodide is potentially useful for diagnosis and dosimetry in thyroid disease and [(124)I]-M-iodobenzylguanidine ([(124)I]-MIBG) has enormous potential for use in cardiovascular imaging, diagnosis, and dosimetry of malignant diseases such as neuroblastoma, paraganglioma, pheochromocytoma, and carcinoids. However, despite that potential, both are still not widely used. This is a typical scenario of a rising new star among the new PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria S Braghirolli
- Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, IEN-CNEN, Divisão de Radiofármacos, Rua Hélio de Almeida 75, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-906 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - William Waissmann
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Sáúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Batista da Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, CDTN-CNEN, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Campus UFMG, Pampulha, BH/MG CEP: 30161-970, Brazil.
| | - Gonçalo R dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, IEN-CNEN, Divisão de Radiofármacos, Rua Hélio de Almeida 75, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-906 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Al-Huniti MH, Lu S, Pike VW, Lepore SD. Enhanced Nucleophilic Fluorination and Radiofluorination of Organosilanes Appended with Potassium-Chelating Leaving Groups. J Fluor Chem 2014; 158:48-52. [PMID: 24653526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Here we aimed to explore the feasibility of enhancing the fluorination of organosilanes by appending potassium-chelating groups to the substrates. For this purpose, eight organosilanes were prepared in which a linear or cyclic leaving group, with putative potassium-chelating ability, was attached covalently to a congested silicon atom via an ether linkage to serve as a potential nucleophilic assisting leaving group (NALG). Organosilicon-NALGs with expected strong potassium-chelating capability enhanced reactions with potassium fluoride in acetonitrile to produce organofluorosilanes without any need to separately add phase transfer reagent. Similar rate enhancements were also observed with cyclotron-produced [18F]fluoride ion (t1/2 = 109.7 min, β+ = 97%) in the presence of potassium carbonate in MeCN-0.5% H2O. This study found that metal-chelating NALG units can accelerate fluorination and radiofluorination reactions at sterically crowded silicon atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuiyu Lu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003
| | - Salvatore D Lepore
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431
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48
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Lopes LMF, Ilharco LM. Hydrofluoric acid-induced fluorination and formation of silica nanocapsules for 19F magnetic resonance imaging. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47842d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new, easy and economical method for producing fluorinated hollow silica nanoparticles (A) using an aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution is reported. A physico-chemical insight is proposed and the particles’ aggregation interpreted (B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M. F. Lopes
- CQFM – Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Laura M. Ilharco
- CQFM – Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Liu Z, Hundal-Jabal N, Wong M, Yapp D, Lin KS, Bénard F, Perrin DM. A new18F-heteroaryltrifluoroborate radio-prosthetic with greatly enhanced stability that is labelled by18F–19F-isotope exchange in good yield at high specific activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00328k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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Hausner SH, Bauer N, Sutcliffe JL. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the effects of aluminum [18F]fluoride radiolabeling on an integrin αvβ6-specific peptide. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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