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Susnik E, Balog S, Taladriz-Blanco P, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. The Functions of Cholera Toxin Subunit B as a Modulator of Silica Nanoparticle Endocytosis. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:482. [PMID: 37624239 PMCID: PMC10467089 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the main target of orally ingested nanoparticles (NPs) and at the same time is exposed to noxious substances, such as bacterial components. We investigated the interaction of 59 nm silica (SiO2) NPs with differentiated Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells in the presence of cholera toxin subunit B (CTxB) and compared the effects to J774A.1 macrophages. CTxB can affect cellular functions and modulate endocytosis via binding to the monosialoganglioside (GM1) receptor, expressed on both cell lines. After stimulating macrophages with CTxB, we observed notable changes in the membrane structure but not in Caco-2 cells, and no secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was detected. Cells were then exposed to 59 nm SiO2 NPs and CtxB sequentially and simultaneously, resulting in a high NP uptake in J774A.1 cells, but no uptake in Caco-2 cells was detected. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the exposure of J774A.1 cells to CTxB resulted in a significant reduction in the uptake of SiO2 NPs. In contrast, the uptake of NPs by highly selective Caco-2 cells remained unaffected following CTxB exposure. Based on colocalization studies, CTxB and NPs might enter cells via shared endocytic pathways, followed by their sorting into different intracellular compartments. Our findings provide new insights into CTxB's function of modulating SiO2 NP uptake in phagocytic but not in differentiated intestine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Susnik
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (E.S.); (S.B.); (A.P.-F.)
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (E.S.); (S.B.); (A.P.-F.)
| | | | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (E.S.); (S.B.); (A.P.-F.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Genetic fusion of tetanus toxin fragment C (Hc) gene to cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) gene as a preparatory step for double vaccine production. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Park JH, Ahn JH, Choi SY, Cho JH, Lee TK, Kim IH, Lee JC, Choi JH, Hwang IK, Lee YJ, Lee E, Park S, Lim J, Seo K, Won MH. The location of projection neurons to the biceps brachii muscle in the telencephalon of the pigeon. Anat Histol Embryol 2017; 46:528-532. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. H. Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology; Hallym University; Chuncheon South Korea
| | - J. H. Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology; Hallym University; Chuncheon South Korea
| | - S. Y. Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology; Hallym University; Chuncheon South Korea
| | - J. H. Cho
- Department of Neurobiology; School of Medicine; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon South Korea
| | - T.-K. Lee
- Department of Neurobiology; School of Medicine; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon South Korea
| | - I. H. Kim
- Department of Neurobiology; School of Medicine; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon South Korea
| | - J.-C. Lee
- Department of Neurobiology; School of Medicine; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon South Korea
| | - J. H. Choi
- Department of Anatomy; College of Veterinary Medicine; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon South Korea
| | - I. K. Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Y. J. Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Seoul Hospital; College of Medicine; Sooncheonhyang University; Seoul South Korea
| | - E. Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - S. Park
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - J. Lim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - K. Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - M.-H. Won
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
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In vitro effects of cocaine on tunneling nanotube formation and extracellular vesicle release in glioblastoma cell cultures. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:42-50. [PMID: 24996625 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of cocaine (150 nM, 300 nM, and 150 μM) on human glioblastoma cell cultures were studied on tunneling nanotube formation (1-h cocaine treatment) and extracellular vesicle release (1-, 3-, and 8-h cocaine treatment). Cocaine significantly increased the number of tunneling nanotubes only at the lowest concentration used. The release of extracellular vesicles (mainly exosomes) into the medium was stimulated by cocaine at each concentration used with a maximum effect at the highest concentration tested (150 μM). Moreover, cocaine (150 nM) significantly increased the number of vesicles with 61-80 nm diameter while at concentrations of 300 nM and 150 μM, and the smaller vesicles (30-40 nm diameter) were significantly increased with a reduction of the larger vesicles (41-60 nm diameter). A time dependence in the release of extracellular vesicles was observed. In view of the proposed role of these novel intercellular communication modes in the glial-neuronal plasticity, it seems possible that they can participate in the processes leading to cocaine addiction. The molecular target/s involved in these cocaine effects could be specific molecular components of plasma membrane lipid rafts and/or cocaine-induced modifications in cytoplasmic lipid composition.
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Than A, Tee WT, Chen P. Apelin secretion and expression of apelin receptors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes are differentially regulated by angiotensin type 1 and type 2 receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 351:296-305. [PMID: 22249006 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes play pivotal roles in regulating metabolism through secretion of a variety of adipokines, which in turn is regulated by other metabolic factors (e.g., insulin). Understanding the regulations of adipokine secretion is important because adipokines are implicated with metabolic disorders, such as, obesity and diabetes mellitus. Here, we investigated the regulatory roles of angiotensin II (AngII) on the secretion of apelin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and distinct signaling pathways mediated by AngII receptor type 1 (AT₁) and type 2 (AT₂) were revealed. It was found that activation of AT₁ receptors stimulates apelin secretion in Ca²⁺, protein kinase C, and MAPK kinase dependent ways while activation of AT₂ receptors inhibits apelin secretion through cAMP and cGMP dependent pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the expression of apelin receptor (APJ) is also similarly regulated by AT₁ and AT₂ receptors. Finally, a detailed AngII signaling map is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Than
- Division of Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
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Zhou X, Boey F, Huo F, Huang L, Zhang H. Chemically functionalized surface patterning. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:2273-89. [PMID: 21678549 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Patterning substrates with versatile chemical functionalities from micro- to nanometer scale is a long-standing and interesting topic. This review provides an overview of a range of techniques commonly used for surface patterning. The first section briefly introduces conventional micropatterning tools, such as photolithography and microcontact printing. The second section focuses on the currently used nanolithographic techniques, for example, scanning probe lithography (SPL), and their applications in surface patterning. Their advantages and disadvantages are also demonstrated. In the last section, dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is emphatically illustrated, with a particular stress on the patterning and applications of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhu Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Guyomard-Lack A, Delorme N, Moreau C, Bardeau JF, Cathala B. Site-selective surface modification using enzymatic soft lithography. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:7629-7634. [PMID: 21612247 DOI: 10.1021/la2007843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification with functional polymers or molecules offers great promise for the development of smart materials and applications. Here, we describe a versatile and easy-to-use method of site-selective surface modification based on the ease of microcontact printing and the exquisite selectivity of enzymatic degradation. A micropatterned poly-L-lysine (PLL) layer on solid substrates was prepared by enzymatic degradation using trypsin enzyme immobilized on a prestructured poly(dimethlylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp. After the enzymatic degradation of PLL and the removal of the degradation products, very well defined patterning was revealed over a large scale by fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We investigate the advantage of our method by comparison with traditional microcontact printing and found that lateral diffusion was reduced, yielding a more accurate reproduction of the master. We also demonstrate that the stamp can be reused without reinking. The patterned surface was used for site-selective modification. The strategy was applied to two applications: the first is dedicated to the creation of amino-silane patterned surfaces, and the second illustrates the possibility of patterning polyelectrolyte multilayered thin films.
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Irvine EJ, Hernandez-Santana A, Faulds K, Graham D. Fabricating protein immunoassay arrays on nitrocellulose using dip-pen lithography techniques. Analyst 2011; 136:2925-30. [PMID: 21647488 DOI: 10.1039/c1an15178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in lithography methods for printing biomolecules on surfaces are proving to be potentially beneficial for disease screening and biological research. Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is a versatile micro and nanofabrication technique that has the ability to produce functional biomolecule arrays. The greatest advantage, with respect to the printing mechanism, is that DPN adheres to the sensitive mild conditions required for biomolecules such as proteins. We have developed an optimised, high-throughput printing technique for fabricating protein arrays using DPN. This study highlights the fabrication of a prostate specific antigen (PSA) immunoassay detectable by fluorescence. Spot sizes are typically no larger than 8 μm in diameter and limits of detection for PSA are comparable with a commercially available ELISA kit. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis of the array surface gives great insight into how the nitrocellulose substrate functions to retain protein integrity. This is the first report of protein arrays being printed on nitrocellulose using the DPN technique and the smallest feature size yet to be achieved on this type of surface. This method offers a significant advance in the ability to produce dense protein arrays on nitrocellulose which are suitable for disease screening using standard fluorescence detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanore Jane Irvine
- Centre for Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, UK
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Huang Y, Cai D, Chen P. Micro- and Nanotechnologies for Study of Cell Secretion. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4393-406. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200358b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinxi Huang
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Dong Cai
- Biology Department, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Peng Chen
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
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Liu A, Peng S, Soo JC, Kuang M, Chen P, Duan H. Quantum dots with phenylboronic acid tags for specific labeling of sialic acids on living cells. Anal Chem 2010; 83:1124-30. [PMID: 21182248 DOI: 10.1021/ac1028853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acids with a nine-carbon backbone are commonly found at the terminal position of the glycans structures on cell membranes. The unique distribution and ubiquitous existence of sialic acid on the cell membrane make them important mediators in various biological and pathological processes. We report a new class of imaging probes based on semiconductor quantum dots with small molecular phenylboronic acid tags for highly specific and efficient labeling of sialic acid on living cells. Our results have shown that the use of these probes enables one-step labeling and continuous tracking of the cell surface sialic acid moieties without any pretreatment of living cells. The one-step procedure with fast binding kinetics and the biocompatibility of these probes make it an ideal noninvasive technology for living cell imaging. We also find that the labeled sialic acids undergo quick internalization shortly after surface binding via endocytosis and eventually distribute in the perinuclear region. This distribution pattern is consistent with the notion that sialylated glycoproteins are populated on cell membranes and recycled through the vesicular exocytotic and endocytic pathways. The superior photostability and brightness of quantum dots enable quantitative analysis of the diffusion dynamics of sialic acids, which has been a significant challenge for glycan imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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