1
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Armbrust F, Bickenbach K, Koudelka T, Tholey A, Pietrzik C, Becker-Pauly C. Phosphorylation of meprin β controls its cell surface abundance and subsequently diminishes ectodomain shedding. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21677. [PMID: 34125978 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100271r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Meprin β is a zinc-dependent metalloprotease exhibiting a unique cleavage specificity with strong preference for acidic amino acids at the cleavage site. Proteomic studies revealed a diverse substrate pool of meprin β including the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) and the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Dysregulation of meprin β is often associated with pathological conditions such as chronic inflammation, fibrosis, or Alzheimer's disease (AD). The extracellular regulation of meprin β including interactors, sheddases, and activators has been intensively investigated while intracellular regulation has been barely addressed in the literature. This study aimed to analyze C-terminal phosphorylation of meprin β with regard to cell surface expression and proteolytic activity. By immunoprecipitation of endogenous meprin β from the colon cancer cell line Colo320 and subsequent LC-MS analysis, we identified several phosphorylation sites in its C-terminal region. Here, T694 in the C-terminus of meprin β was the most preferred residue after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation. We further demonstrated the role of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms for meprin β phosphorylation and identified the involvement of PKC-α and PKC-β. As a result of phosphorylation, the meprin β activity at the cell surface is reduced and, consequently, the extent of substrate cleavage is diminished. Our data indicate that this decrease of the surface activity is caused by the internalization and degradation of meprin β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Armbrust
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kira Bickenbach
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tomas Koudelka
- Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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2
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Nielsen CDT, Dhasmana D, Floresta G, Wohland T, Cilibrizzi A. Illuminating the Path to Target GPCR Structures and Functions. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3783-3795. [PMID: 32956586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
G-Protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are ubiquitous within eukaryotes, responsible for a wide array of physiological and pathological processes. Indeed, the fact that they are the most drugged target in the human genome is indicative of their importance. Despite the clear interest in GPCRs, most information regarding their activity has been so far obtained by analyzing the response from a "bulk medium". As such, this Perspective summarizes some of the common methods for this indirect observation. Nonetheless, by inspecting approaches applying super-resolution imaging, we argue that imaging is perfectly situated to obtain more detailed structural and spatial information, assisting in the development of new GPCR-targeted drugs and clinical strategies. The benefits of direct optical visualization of GPCRs are analyzed in the context of potential future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D-T Nielsen
- Imperial College London, White City Campus, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Divya Dhasmana
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Thorsten Wohland
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
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3
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Deura C, Kimura Y, Nonoyama T, Moriyama R. Gpr120 mRNA expression in gonadotropes in the mouse pituitary gland is regulated by free fatty acids. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:249-254. [PMID: 32115468 PMCID: PMC7297631 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR120 is a long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) receptor that is specifically expressed in gonadotropes in the anterior pituitary gland in mice. The aim of this study was to investigate
whether GPR120 is activated by free fatty acids in the pituitary of mice and mouse immortalized gonadotrope LβT2 cells. First, the effects of palmitate on GPR120, gonadotropic
hormone b-subunits, and GnRH-receptor expression in gonadotropes were investigated in vitro. We observed palmitate-induced an increase in Gpr120
mRNA expression and a decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone b-subunit (Fshb) expression in LβT2 cells. Furthermore, palmitate exposure caused the
phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in LβT2 cells, but no significant changes were observed in the expression levels of luteinizing hormone b-subunit (Lhb) and gonadotropin
releasing hormone-receptor (Gnrh-r) mRNA and number of GPR120 immunoreactive cells. Next, diurnal variation in Gpr120 mRNA expression in the male
mouse pituitary gland was investigated using ad libitum and night-time restricted feeding (active phase from 1900 to 0700 h) treatments. In ad
libitum feeding group mice, Gpr120 mRNA expression at 1700 h was transiently higher than that measured at other times, and the peak blood non-esterified
fatty acid (NEFA) levels were observed from 1300 to 1500 h. These results were not observed in night-time-restricted feeding group mice. These results suggest that GPR120 is
activated by LCFAs to regulate follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis in the mouse gonadotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikaya Deura
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kimura
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takumi Nonoyama
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Moriyama
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan
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4
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Deura C, Moriyama R. Short-term but not long-term high-fat diet induces an increase in gene expression of gonadotropic hormones and GPR120 in the male mouse pituitary gland. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:143-148. [PMID: 31902809 PMCID: PMC7175384 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) is associated with the regulation of reproductive functions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term HFD on the mRNA expression levels of
follicle-stimulating hormone β subunit (FSHβ), luteinizing hormone β subunit (LHβ), gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, and long-chain fatty acid receptor, GPR120, in the matured male
mouse pituitary gland. Adult male mice were fed either control chow or HFD for 1, 2, 5, 10, 30 and 150 days. Fshb and Gpr120 mRNA expression levels in the
pituitary glands were significantly increased during 2 to 30 days of HFD feeding. Gnrh-r mRNA in the 30 days HFD fed group and body weight in the 30 and 150 days HFD fed
groups were higher than control. However, there were no significant differences in plasma non-esterified fatty acids or glucose levels during the 150 days of HFD feeding. These results
suggest that male mice feeding a short-term HFD induces FSHβ synthesis and GPR120 expression in their pituitary gonadotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikaya Deura
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Moriyama
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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5
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Gómez AI, Cruz M, López-Giménez JF. Evaluating the pharmacological response in fluorescence microscopy images: The Δm algorithm. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211330. [PMID: 30759168 PMCID: PMC6373910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Current drug discovery procedures require fast and effective quantification of the pharmacological response evoked in living cells by agonist compounds. In the case of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), the efficacy of a particular drug to initiate the endocytosis process is related to the formation of endocytic vesicles or endosomes and their subsequent internalisation within intracellular compartments that can be observed with high spatial and temporal resolution by fluorescence microscopy techniques. Recently, an algorithm has been proposed to evaluate the pharmacological response by estimating the number of endosomes per cell on time series of images. However, the algorithm was limited by the dependence on some manually set parameters and in some cases the quality of the image does not allow a reliable detection of the endosomes. Here we propose a simple, fast and automated image analysis method—the Δm algorithm- to quantify a pharmacological response with data obtained from fluorescence microscopy experiments. This algorithm does not require individual object detection and computes the relative increment of the third order moment in fluorescence microscopy images after filtering with the Laplacian of Gaussian function. It was tested on simulations demonstrating its ability to discriminate different experimental situations according to the number and the fluorescence signal intensity of the simulated endosomes. Finally and in order to validate this methodology with real data, the algorithm was applied to several time-course experiments based on the endocytosis of the mu opioid receptor (MOP) initiated by different agonist compounds. Each drug displayed a different Δm sigmoid time-response curve and statistically significant differences were observed among drugs in terms of efficacy and kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Gómez
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcos Cruz
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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6
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Hashimura H, Morimoto YV, Yasui M, Ueda M. Collective cell migration of Dictyostelium without cAMP oscillations at multicellular stages. Commun Biol 2019; 2:34. [PMID: 30701199 PMCID: PMC6345914 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In Dictyostelium discoideum, a model organism for the study of collective cell migration, extracellular cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) acts as a diffusible chemical guidance cue for cell aggregation, which has been thought to be important in multicellular morphogenesis. Here we revealed that the dynamics of cAMP-mediated signaling showed a transition from propagating waves to steady state during cell development. Live-cell imaging of cytosolic cAMP levels revealed that their oscillation and propagation in cell populations were obvious for cell aggregation and mound formation stages, but they gradually disappeared when multicellular slugs started to migrate. A similar transition of signaling dynamics occurred with phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate signaling, which is upstream of the cAMP signal pathway. This transition was programmed with concomitant developmental progression. We propose a new model in which cAMP oscillation and propagation between cells, which are important at the unicellular stage, are unessential for collective cell migration at the multicellular stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Hashimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, 565-0874 Japan
| | - Yusuke V. Morimoto
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, 565-0874 Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8502 Japan
| | - Masato Yasui
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, 565-0874 Japan
| | - Masahiro Ueda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, 565-0874 Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
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7
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Yin Y, Xu X, Tang J, Zhang W, Zhangyuan G, Ji J, Deng L, Lu S, Zhuo H, Sun B. CD97 Promotes Tumor Aggressiveness Through the Traditional G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Mediated Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2018; 68:1865-1878. [PMID: 29704239 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 97 (CD97) is a member of the epidermal growth factor seven-transmembrane family belonging to the class B G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The protein affects tumor aggressiveness through its cellular ligand CD55 stimulation and exhibits adhesive properties. Studies have demonstrated the involvement of CD97 in dedifferentiation, migration, invasiveness, and metastasis of tumors. However, little information is currently available on the specific role of CD97 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we have shown that CD97 up-regulation in HCCs is positively correlated with tumor metastasis. Functionally, CD97 promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro. In an in vivo mouse model, overexpression of CD97 in HCC cells led to accelerated lung metastasis. Mechanistically, CD97 cooperated with the altered regulator, GPCR kinase 6 (GRK6), to mediate GPCR desensitization and internalization. Down-regulation of GRK6 suppressed CD97 internalization and promoted CD97 expression. Integrated regulatory interactions between CD97 and GRK6 stimulated downstream matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 secretion and, consequently, HCC metastasis. Conclusion: Our collective findings support the utility of CD97 as an effective potential prognosticator and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School.,Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Xiaoliang Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School.,Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Junwei Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School.,Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School.,Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Guangyan Zhangyuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School.,Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School.,Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School.,Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Shuai Lu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhuo
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School.,Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University
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8
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Jagla CAD, Scott CE, Tang Y, Qiao C, Mateo-Semidey GE, Yudowski GA, Lu D, Kendall DA. Pyrimidinyl Biphenylureas Act as Allosteric Modulators to Activate Cannabinoid Receptor 1 and Initiate β-Arrestin-Dependent Responses. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 95:1-10. [PMID: 30322873 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.112854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that is abundant in the central nervous system. It binds several compounds in its orthosteric site, including the endocannabinoids, arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, and the plant-derived Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, one of the main psychoactive components of marijuana. It primarily couples to Gi/o proteins to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity and typically induces downstream signaling that is Gi-dependent. Since this receptor is implicated in several maladies, such as obesity, pain, and neurodegenerative disorders, there is interest in developing therapeutics that selectively target this receptor. Allosteric modulators of CB1 offer one new approach that has tremendous therapeutic potential. Here, we reveal receptor- and cellular-level properties consistent with receptor activation by a series of pyrimidinyl biphenylureas (LDK1285, LDK1288, LDK1305, and PSNCBAM1), including promoting binding of the agonist CP55940 with positive cooperativity and inhibiting binding of the inverse agonist SR141716A with negative cooperativity, demonstrated via radioligand binding studies. Consistent with these findings, the allosteric modulators induced cellular internalization of the receptor and recruitment of β-arrestin 2 in human embryonic kidney cell line 293 cells monitored with confocal and total internal reflective fluorescence microscopy, respectively. These allosteric modulators, however, caused G-protein-independent but β-arrestin 1-dependent phosphorylation of the downstream kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Src, shown by immunoblotting studies. These results are consistent with the involvement of β-arrestin and suggest that these allosteric modulators induce biased signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A D Jagla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (C.A.D.J., C.E.S., Y.T., D.A.K.); Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (G.E.M.-S., G.A.Y.) and Institute of Neurobiology (G.E.M.-S., G.A.Y.), University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas (C.Q., D.L.)
| | - Caitlin E Scott
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (C.A.D.J., C.E.S., Y.T., D.A.K.); Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (G.E.M.-S., G.A.Y.) and Institute of Neurobiology (G.E.M.-S., G.A.Y.), University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas (C.Q., D.L.)
| | - Yaliang Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (C.A.D.J., C.E.S., Y.T., D.A.K.); Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (G.E.M.-S., G.A.Y.) and Institute of Neurobiology (G.E.M.-S., G.A.Y.), University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas (C.Q., D.L.)
| | - Changjiang Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (C.A.D.J., C.E.S., Y.T., D.A.K.); Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (G.E.M.-S., G.A.Y.) and Institute of Neurobiology (G.E.M.-S., G.A.Y.), University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas (C.Q., D.L.)
| | - Gabriel E Mateo-Semidey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (C.A.D.J., C.E.S., Y.T., D.A.K.); Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (G.E.M.-S., G.A.Y.) and Institute of Neurobiology (G.E.M.-S., G.A.Y.), University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas (C.Q., D.L.)
| | - Guillermo A Yudowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (C.A.D.J., C.E.S., Y.T., D.A.K.); Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (G.E.M.-S., G.A.Y.) and Institute of Neurobiology (G.E.M.-S., G.A.Y.), University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas (C.Q., D.L.)
| | - Dai Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (C.A.D.J., C.E.S., Y.T., D.A.K.); Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (G.E.M.-S., G.A.Y.) and Institute of Neurobiology (G.E.M.-S., G.A.Y.), University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas (C.Q., D.L.)
| | - Debra A Kendall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (C.A.D.J., C.E.S., Y.T., D.A.K.); Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (G.E.M.-S., G.A.Y.) and Institute of Neurobiology (G.E.M.-S., G.A.Y.), University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas (C.Q., D.L.)
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9
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Mas L, Cieren A, Delphin C, Journet A, Aubry L. Calcium influx mediates the chemoattractant-induced translocation of the arrestin-related protein AdcC in Dictyostelium. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.207951. [PMID: 30209138 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.207951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrestins are key adaptor proteins that control the fate of cell-surface membrane proteins and modulate downstream signaling cascades. The Dictyostelium discoideum genome encodes six arrestin-related proteins, harboring additional modules besides the arrestin domain. Here, we studied AdcB and AdcC, two homologs that contain C2 and SAM domains. We showed that AdcC - in contrast to AdcB - responds to various stimuli (such as the chemoattractants cAMP and folate) known to induce an increase in cytosolic calcium by transiently translocating to the plasma membrane, and that calcium is a direct regulator of AdcC localization. This response requires the calcium-dependent membrane-targeting C2 domain and the double SAM domain involved in AdcC oligomerization, revealing a mode of membrane targeting and regulation unique among members of the arrestin clan. AdcB shares several biochemical properties with AdcC, including in vitro binding to anionic lipids in a calcium-dependent manner and auto-assembly as large homo-oligomers. AdcB can interact with AdcC; however, its intracellular localization is insensitive to calcium. Therefore, despite their high degree of homology and common characteristics, AdcB and AdcC are likely to fulfill distinct functions in amoebae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Mas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BGE U1038, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Adeline Cieren
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BGE U1038, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Delphin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1216, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Agnès Journet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BGE U1038, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Aubry
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BGE U1038, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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10
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Segota I, Franck C. Extracellular Processing of Molecular Gradients by Eukaryotic Cells Can Improve Gradient Detection Accuracy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:248101. [PMID: 29286727 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.248101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells sense molecular gradients by measuring spatial concentration variation through the difference in the number of occupied receptors to which molecules can bind. They also secrete enzymes that degrade these molecules, and it is presently not well understood how this affects the local gradient perceived by cells. Numerical and analytical results show that these enzymes can substantially increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the receptor difference and allow cells to respond to a much broader range of molecular concentrations and gradients than they would without these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Segota
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, USA
| | - Carl Franck
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, USA
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11
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Pergolizzi B, Bozzaro S, Bracco E. G-Protein Dependent Signal Transduction and Ubiquitination in Dictyostelium. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102180. [PMID: 29048338 PMCID: PMC5666861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is central for the regulation of virtually all cellular functions, and it has been widely implicated in human diseases. These receptors activate a common molecular switch that is represented by the heterotrimeric G-protein generating a number of second messengers (cAMP, cGMP, DAG, IP3, Ca2+ etc.), leading to a plethora of diverse cellular responses. Spatiotemporal regulation of signals generated by a given GPCR is crucial for proper signalling and is accomplished by a series of biochemical modifications. Over the past few years, it has become evident that many signalling proteins also undergo ubiquitination, a posttranslational modification that typically leads to protein degradation, but also mediates processes such as protein-protein interaction and protein subcellular localization. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has proven to be an excellent model to investigate signal transduction triggered by GPCR activation, as cAMP signalling via GPCR is a major regulator of chemotaxis, cell differentiation, and multicellular morphogenesis. Ubiquitin ligases have been recently involved in these processes. In the present review, we will summarize the most significant pathways activated upon GPCRs stimulation and discuss the role played by ubiquitination in Dictyostelium cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pergolizzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, AOUS. Luigi, 10043 Orbassano TO, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Bozzaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, AOUS. Luigi, 10043 Orbassano TO, Italy.
| | - Enrico Bracco
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, AOU S. Luigi, 10043 Orbassano TO, Italy.
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12
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Tian H, Fürstenberg A, Huber T. Labeling and Single-Molecule Methods To Monitor G Protein-Coupled Receptor Dynamics. Chem Rev 2016; 117:186-245. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- He Tian
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Alexandre Fürstenberg
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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13
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Beletkaia E, Fenz SF, Pomp W, Snaar-Jagalska BE, Hogendoorn PW, Schmidt T. CXCR4 signaling is controlled by immobilization at the plasma membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:607-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Sanmartí-Espinal M, Galve R, Iavicoli P, Persuy MA, Pajot-Augy E, Marco MP, Samitier J. Immunochemical strategy for quantification of G-coupled olfactory receptor proteins on natural nanovesicles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 139:269-76. [PMID: 26724468 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell membrane proteins are involved in a variety of biochemical pathways and therefore constitute important targets for therapy and development of new drugs. Bioanalytical platforms and binding assays using these membrane protein receptors for drug screening or diagnostic require the construction of well-characterized liposome and lipid bilayer arrays that act as support to prevent protein denaturation during biochip processing. Quantification of the protein receptors in the lipid membrane arrays is a key issue in order to produce reproducible and well-characterized chips. Herein, we report a novel immunochemical analytical approach for the quantification of membrane proteins (i.e., G-protein-coupled receptor, GPCR) in nanovesicles (NVs). The procedure allows direct determination of tagged receptors (i.e., c-myc tag) without any previous protein purification or extraction steps. The immunochemical method is based on a microplate ELISA format and quantifies this tag on proteins embedded in NVs with detectability in the picomolar range, using protein bioconjugates as reference standards. The applicability of the method is demonstrated through the quantification of the c-myc-olfactory receptor (OR, c-myc-OR1740) in the cell membrane NVs. The reported method opens the possibility to develop well-characterized drug-screening platforms based on G-coupled proteins embedded on membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sanmartí-Espinal
- IBEC-Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Nanobioengineering Group, C/Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Roger Galve
- Nb4D-Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics, IQAC-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/María de Luna 11, Edificio CEEI, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patrizia Iavicoli
- IBEC-Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Nanobioengineering Group, C/Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - M-Pilar Marco
- Nb4D-Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics, IQAC-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/María de Luna 11, Edificio CEEI, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- IBEC-Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Nanobioengineering Group, C/Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/María de Luna 11, Edificio CEEI, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
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15
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Campa VM, Capilla A, Varela MJ, de la Rocha AMA, Fernandez-Troyano JC, Barreiro RB, Lopez-Gimenez JF. Endocytosis as a biological response in receptor pharmacology: evaluation by fluorescence microscopy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122604. [PMID: 25849355 PMCID: PMC4388511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of G-protein coupled receptors by agonist compounds results in diverse biological responses in cells, such as the endocytosis process consisting in the translocation of receptors from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm within internalizing vesicles or endosomes. In order to functionally evaluate endocytosis events resulted from pharmacological responses, we have developed an image analysis method –the Q-Endosomes algorithm– that specifically discriminates the fluorescent signal originated at endosomes from that one observed at the plasma membrane in images obtained from living cells by fluorescence microscopy. Mu opioid (MOP) receptor tagged at the carboxy-terminus with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and permanently expressed in HEK293 cells was used as experimental model to validate this methodology. Time-course experiments performed with several agonists resulted in different sigmoid curves depending on the drug used to initiate MOP receptor endocytosis. Thus, endocytosis resulting from the simultaneous activation of co-expressed MOP and serotonin 5-HT2C receptors by morphine plus serotonin was significantly different, in kinetics as well as in maximal response parameters, from the one caused by DAMGO, sufentanyl or methadone. Therefore, this analytical tool permits the pharmacological characterization of receptor endocytosis in living cells with functional and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M. Campa
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria, (IBBTEC), CSIC, UC, Santander, Spain
| | - Almudena Capilla
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Varela
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - R. Belén Barreiro
- Institute of Physics of Cantabria, (IFCA), CSIC, UC, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan F. Lopez-Gimenez
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria, (IBBTEC), CSIC, UC, Santander, Spain
- * E-mail:
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16
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Type-3 BRET, an improved competition-based bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assay. Biophys J 2015; 106:L41-3. [PMID: 24940791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that in conventional, competition-based bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays of membrane protein stoichiometry, the presence of competitors can alter tagged-protein density and artifactually reduce energy transfer efficiency. A well-characterized monomeric type I membrane protein, CD86, and two G protein-coupled receptors β2AR and mCannR2, all of which behave as dimers in these conventional assays, exhibit monomeric behavior in an improved competition-based type-3 BRET assay designed to circumvent such artifacts.
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17
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Subburaj Y, Ros U, Hermann E, Tong R, García-Sáez AJ. Toxicity of an α-pore-forming toxin depends on the assembly mechanism on the target membrane as revealed by single molecule imaging. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:4856-4865. [PMID: 25525270 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.600676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Pore-forming toxins (α-PFTs) are ubiquitous defense tools that kill cells by opening pores in the target cell membrane. Despite their relevance in host/pathogen interactions, very little is known about the pore stoichiometry and assembly pathway leading to membrane permeabilization. Equinatoxin II (EqtII) is a model α-PFT from sea anemone that oligomerizes and forms pores in sphingomyelin-containing membranes. Here, we determined the spatiotemporal organization of EqtII in living cells by single molecule imaging. Surprisingly, we found that on the cell surface EqtII did not organize into a unique oligomeric form. Instead, it existed as a mixture of oligomeric species mostly including monomers, dimers, tetramers, and hexamers. Mathematical modeling based on our data supported a new model in which toxin clustering happened in seconds and proceeded via condensation of EqtII dimer units formed upon monomer association. Furthermore, altering the pathway of EqtII assembly strongly affected its toxic activity, which highlights the relevance of the assembly mechanism on toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamunadevi Subburaj
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, Bioquant, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uris Ros
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, Calle 25 #455, Plaza de la Revolución, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Eduard Hermann
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, Bioquant, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,; Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rudi Tong
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, Bioquant, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,; Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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18
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Sugden C, Urbaniak MD, Araki T, Williams JG. The Dictyostelium prestalk inducer differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1) triggers unexpectedly complex global phosphorylation changes. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:805-20. [PMID: 25518940 PMCID: PMC4325849 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-08-1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1) is a polyketide that induces Dictyostelium amoebae to differentiate as prestalk cells. We performed a global quantitative screen for phosphorylation changes that occur within the first minutes after addition of DIF-1, using a triple-label SILAC approach. This revealed a new world of DIF-1-controlled signaling, with changes in components of the MAPK and protein kinase B signaling pathways, components of the actinomyosin cytoskeletal signaling networks, and a broad range of small GTPases and their regulators. The results also provide evidence that the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin plays a role in DIF-1 signaling to the DimB prestalk transcription factor. At the global level, DIF-1 causes a major shift in the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation equilibrium toward net dephosphorylation. Of interest, many of the sites that are dephosphorylated in response to DIF-1 are phosphorylated in response to extracellular cAMP signaling. This accords with studies that suggest an antagonism between the two inducers and also with the rapid dephosphorylation of the cAMP receptor that we observe in response to DIF-1 and with the known inhibitory effect of DIF-1 on chemotaxis to cAMP. All MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001555.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Sugden
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Urbaniak
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, United Kingdom
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey G Williams
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
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19
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Cao X, Yan J, Shu S, Brzostowski JA, Jin T. Arrestins function in cAR1 GPCR-mediated signaling and cAR1 internalization in the development of Dictyostelium discoideum. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:3210-21. [PMID: 25143405 PMCID: PMC4196870 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-03-0834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved arrestin-like proteins are key components of the cAR1-mediated ERK2 activation that controls cAMP cell–cell signaling during Dictyostelium aggregation. They are also involved in ligand-induced cAR1 internalization, which is required for the switch of cAMP receptors during multicellular development. Oscillation of chemical signals is a common biological phenomenon, but its regulation is poorly understood. At the aggregation stage of Dictyostelium discoideum development, the chemoattractant cAMP is synthesized and released at 6-min intervals, directing cell migration. Although the G protein–coupled cAMP receptor cAR1 and ERK2 are both implicated in regulating the oscillation, the signaling circuit remains unknown. Here we report that D. discoideum arrestins regulate the frequency of cAMP oscillation and may link cAR1 signaling to oscillatory ERK2 activity. Cells lacking arrestins (adcB−C−) display cAMP oscillations during the aggregation stage that are twice as frequent as for wild- type cells. The adcB−C− cells also have a shorter period of transient ERK2 activity and precociously reactivate ERK2 in response to cAMP stimulation. We show that arrestin domain–containing protein C (AdcC) associates with ERK2 and that activation of cAR1 promotes the transient membrane recruitment of AdcC and interaction with cAR1, indicating that arrestins function in cAR1-controlled periodic ERK2 activation and oscillatory cAMP signaling in the aggregation stage of D. discoideum development. In addition, ligand-induced cAR1 internalization is compromised in adcB−C− cells, suggesting that arrestins are involved in elimination of high-affinity cAR1 receptors from cell surface after the aggregation stage of multicellular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianshe Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China Chemotaxis Signal Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Shi Shu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joseph A Brzostowski
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics Imaging Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Tian Jin
- Chemotaxis Signal Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
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20
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Groeneweg FL, van Royen ME, Fenz S, Keizer VIP, Geverts B, Prins J, de Kloet ER, Houtsmuller AB, Schmidt TS, Schaaf MJM. Quantitation of glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding dynamics by single-molecule microscopy and FRAP. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90532. [PMID: 24632838 PMCID: PMC3954550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in live cell imaging have provided a wealth of data on the dynamics of transcription factors. However, a consistent quantitative description of these dynamics, explaining how transcription factors find their target sequences in the vast amount of DNA inside the nucleus, is still lacking. In the present study, we have combined two quantitative imaging methods, single-molecule microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, to determine the mobility pattern of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), two ligand-activated transcription factors. For dexamethasone-activated GR, both techniques showed that approximately half of the population is freely diffusing, while the remaining population is bound to DNA. Of this DNA-bound population about half the GRs appeared to be bound for short periods of time (∼ 0.7 s) and the other half for longer time periods (∼ 2.3 s). A similar pattern of mobility was seen for the MR activated by aldosterone. Inactive receptors (mutant or antagonist-bound receptors) show a decreased DNA binding frequency and duration, but also a higher mobility for the diffusing population. Likely, very brief (≤ 1 ms) interactions with DNA induced by the agonists underlie this difference in diffusion behavior. Surprisingly, different agonists also induce different mobilities of both receptors, presumably due to differences in ligand-induced conformational changes and receptor complex formation. In summary, our data provide a consistent quantitative model of the dynamics of GR and MR, indicating three types of interactions with DNA, which fit into a model in which frequent low-affinity DNA binding facilitates the search for high-affinity target sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke L. Groeneweg
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden University/LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Susanne Fenz
- Physics of Life Processes, Institute of Physics (LION), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Cell & Developmental Biology, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Veer I. P. Keizer
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Geverts
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurrien Prins
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden University/LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E. Ron de Kloet
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden University/LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas S. Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Institute of Physics (LION), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel J. M. Schaaf
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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21
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Brzostowski JA, Sawai S, Rozov O, Liao XH, Imoto D, Parent CA, Kimmel AR. Phosphorylation of chemoattractant receptors regulates chemotaxis, actin reorganization and signal relay. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:4614-26. [PMID: 23902692 PMCID: PMC3795335 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.122952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Migratory cells, including mammalian leukocytes and Dictyostelium, use G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling to regulate MAPK/ERK, PI3K, TORC2/AKT, adenylyl cyclase and actin polymerization, which collectively direct chemotaxis. Upon ligand binding, mammalian GPCRs are phosphorylated at cytoplasmic residues, uncoupling G-protein pathways, but activating other pathways. However, connections between GPCR phosphorylation and chemotaxis are unclear. In developing Dictyostelium, secreted cAMP serves as a chemoattractant, with extracellular cAMP propagated as oscillating waves to ensure directional migratory signals. cAMP oscillations derive from transient excitatory responses of adenylyl cyclase, which then rapidly adapts. We have studied chemotactic signaling in Dictyostelium that express non-phosphorylatable cAMP receptors and show through chemotaxis modeling, single-cell FRET imaging, pure and chimeric population wavelet quantification, biochemical analyses and TIRF microscopy, that receptor phosphorylation is required to regulate adenylyl cyclase adaptation, long-range oscillatory cAMP wave production and cytoskeletal actin response. Phosphorylation defects thus promote hyperactive actin polymerization at the cell periphery, misdirected pseudopodia and the loss of directional chemotaxis. Our data indicate that chemoattractant receptor phosphorylation is required to co-regulate essential pathways for migratory cell polarization and chemotaxis. Our results significantly extend the understanding of the function of GPCR phosphorylation, providing strong evidence that this evolutionarily conserved mechanism is required in a signal attenuation pathway that is necessary to maintain persistent directional movement of Dictyostelium, neutrophils and other migratory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Brzostowski
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics Imaging Facility, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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22
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Vickers DAL, Chory EJ, Harless MC, Murthy SK. p38 signaling and receptor recycling events in a microfluidic endothelial cell adhesion assay. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65828. [PMID: 23762436 PMCID: PMC3676332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion-based microfluidic cell separation has proven to be very useful in applications ranging from cancer diagnostics to tissue engineering. This process involves functionalizing microchannel surfaces with a capture molecule. High specificity and purity capture can be achieved using this method. Despite these advances, little is known about the mechanisms that govern cell capture within these devices and their relationships to basic process parameters such as fluid shear stress and the presence of soluble factors. This work examines how the adhesion of human endothelial cells (ECs) is influenced by a soluble tetrapeptide, Arg-Glu-Asp-Val (REDV) and fluidic shear stress. The ability of these ECs to bind within microchannels coated with REDV is shown to be governed by shear- and soluble-factor mediated changes in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression together with recycling of adhesion receptors from the endosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwayne A. L. Vickers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emma J. Chory
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Megan C. Harless
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shashi K. Murthy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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23
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Abstract
Video-microscopy allows monitoring the dynamics of biological components, specifically labeled, usually by fluorescent tags such as GFP or quantum dots, either at the cellular or at the molecular scale. Reconstructing trajectories over time with dedicated algorithms allows to characterize on both scale different categories of movement, such as random, linear or confined, and to report events such as transient confinements among recorded species and with their environment. Single cell or molecule measurements hence provide detailed access not only to mean values of relevant descriptors, such as speed or interaction duration, but also to the exhaustive distribution of recorded values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnauld Sergé
- Département de pathologie et d'immunologie, faculté de médecine, université de Genève, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Genève, Suisse.
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24
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Das S, Rericha EC, Bagorda A, Parent CA. Direct biochemical measurements of signal relay during Dictyostelium development. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:38649-38658. [PMID: 21911494 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.284182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon starvation, individual Dictyostelium discoideum cells enter a developmental program that leads to collective migration and the formation of a multicellular organism. The process is mediated by extracellular cAMP binding to the G protein-coupled cAMP receptor 1, which initiates a signaling cascade leading to the activation of adenylyl cyclase A (ACA), the synthesis and secretion of additional cAMP, and an autocrine and paracrine activation loop. The release of cAMP allows neighboring cells to polarize and migrate directionally and form characteristic chains of cells called streams. We now report that cAMP relay can be measured biochemically by assessing ACA, ERK2, and TORC2 activities at successive time points in development after stimulating cells with subsaturating concentrations of cAMP. We also find that the activation profiles of ACA, ERK2, and TORC2 change in the course of development, with later developed cells showing a loss of sensitivity to the relayed signal. We examined mutants in PKA activity that have been associated with precocious development and find that this loss in responsiveness occurs earlier in these mutants. Remarkably, we show that this loss in sensitivity correlates with a switch in migration patterns as cells transition from streams to aggregates. We propose that as cells proceed through development, the cAMP-induced desensitization and down-regulation of cAMP receptor 1 impacts the sensitivities of chemotactic signaling cascades leading to changes in migration patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Das
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Erin C Rericha
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Anna Bagorda
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Carole A Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
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