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Chandrasekaran R, Hillgärtner M, Ganesan K, Milow B, Itskov M, Rege A. Computational design of biopolymer aerogels and predictive modelling of their nanostructure and mechanical behaviour. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10198. [PMID: 33986367 PMCID: PMC8119483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To address the challenge of reconstructing or designing the three-dimensional microstructure of nanoporous materials, we develop a computational approach by combining the random closed packing of polydisperse spheres together with the Laguerre-Voronoi tessellation. Open-porous cellular network structures that adhere to the real pore-size distributions of the nanoporous materials are generated. As an example, κ-carrageenan aerogels are considered. The mechanical structure-property relationships are further explored by means of finite elements. Here we show that one can predict the macroscopic stress-strain curve of the bulk porous material if only the pore-size distributions, solid fractions, and Young's modulus of the pore-wall fibres are known a priori. The objective of such reconstruction and predictive modelling is to reverse engineer the parameters of their synthesis process for tailored applications. Structural and mechanical property predictions of the proposed modelling approach are shown to be in good agreement with the available experimental data. The presented approach is free of parameter-fitting and is capable of generating dispersed Voronoi structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Chandrasekaran
- Department of Continuum Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstr. 18, 52062, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Markus Hillgärtner
- Department of Continuum Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstr. 18, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kathirvel Ganesan
- Department of Aerogels and Aerogel Composites, Institute of Materials Research, German Aerospace Center, Linder Höhe, 51147, Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Milow
- Department of Aerogels and Aerogel Composites, Institute of Materials Research, German Aerospace Center, Linder Höhe, 51147, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mikhail Itskov
- Department of Continuum Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstr. 18, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ameya Rege
- Department of Aerogels and Aerogel Composites, Institute of Materials Research, German Aerospace Center, Linder Höhe, 51147, Cologne, Germany.
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Diekjürgen D, Grainger DW. Polysaccharide matrices used in 3D in vitro cell culture systems. Biomaterials 2017; 141:96-115. [PMID: 28672214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides comprise a diverse class of polymeric materials with a history of proven biocompatibility and continual use as biomaterials. Recent focus on new matrices appropriate for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture offers new opportunities to apply polysaccharides as extracellular matrix mimics. However, chemical and structural bases for specific cell-polysaccharide interactions essential for their utility as 3-D cell matrices are not well defined. This review describes how these naturally sourced biomaterials satisfy several key properties for current 3D cell culture needs and can also be synthetically modified or blended with additional components to tailor their cell engagement properties. Beyond their benign interactions with many cell types in cultures, their economical and high quality sourcing, optical clarity for ex situ analytical interrogation and in situ gelation represent important properties of these polymers for 3D cell culture applications. Continued diversification of their versatile glycan chemistry, new bio-synthetic sourcing strategies and elucidation of new cell-specific properties are attractive to expand the polysaccharide polymer utility for cell culture needs. Many 3D cell culture priorities are addressed with the portfolio of polysaccharide materials available and under development. This review provides a critical analysis of their properties, capabilities and challenges in 3D cell culture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Diekjürgen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5820, USA
| | - David W Grainger
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5820, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5820, USA.
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Toivonen MS, Kurki-Suonio S, Wagermaier W, Hynninen V, Hietala S, Ikkala O. Interfacial Polyelectrolyte Complex Spinning of Cellulose Nanofibrils for Advanced Bicomponent Fibers. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1293-1301. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti S. Toivonen
- Molecular
Materials, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University (previously Helsinki
University of Technology), P.O. Box 15100, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sauli Kurki-Suonio
- Molecular
Materials, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University (previously Helsinki
University of Technology), P.O. Box 15100, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department
of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ville Hynninen
- Molecular
Materials, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University (previously Helsinki
University of Technology), P.O. Box 15100, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Molecular
Materials, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University (previously Helsinki
University of Technology), P.O. Box 15100, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
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Buriuli M, Verma D. Polyelectrolyte Complexes (PECs) for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED STRUCTURED MATERIALS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3328-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Mirabedini A, Foroughi J, Wallace GG. Developments in conducting polymer fibres: from established spinning methods toward advanced applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05626a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive picture of the history and latest developments in the field of conducting polymer fibres as well as their current/future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Mirabedini
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- AIIM Facility
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
| | - Javad Foroughi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- AIIM Facility
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- AIIM Facility
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
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Mihaila SM, Popa EG, Reis RL, Marques AP, Gomes ME. Fabrication of endothelial cell-laden carrageenan microfibers for microvascularized bone tissue engineering applications. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2849-60. [PMID: 24963559 DOI: 10.1021/bm500036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent achievements in the area of tissue engineering (TE) have enabled the development of three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden hydrogels as in vitro platforms that closely mimic the 3D scenario found in native tissues. These platforms are extensively used to evaluate cellular behavior, cell-cell interactions, and tissue-like formation in highly defined settings. In this study, we propose a scalable and flexible 3D system based on microsized hydrogel fibers that might be used as building blocks for the establishment of 3D hydrogel constructs for vascularized bone TE applications. For this purpose, chitosan (CHT) coated κ-carrageenan (κ-CA) microfibers were developed using a two-step procedure involving ionotropic gelation (for the fiber formation) of κ-CA and its polyelectrolyte complexation with CHT (for the enhancement of fiber stability). The performance of the obtained fibers was assessed regarding their swelling and stability profiles, as well as their ability to carry and, subsequently, promote the outward release of microvascular-like endothelial cells (ECs), without compromising their viability and phenotype. Finally, the possibility of assembling and integrating these cell-laden fibers within a 3D hydrogel matrix containing osteoblast-like cells was evaluated. Overall, the obtained results demonstrate the suitability of the microsized κ-CA fibers to carry and deliver phenotypically apt microvascular-like ECs. Furthermore, it is shown that it is possible to assemble these cell-laden microsized fibers into 3D heterotypic hydrogels constructs. This in vitro 3D platform provides a versatile approach to investigate the interactions between multiple cell types in controlled settings, which may open up novel 3D in vitro culture techniques to better mimic the complexity of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M Mihaila
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
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Ganesan K, Ratke L. Facile preparation of monolithic κ-carrageenan aerogels. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3218-24. [PMID: 24718695 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52862f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, it is the first study reporting the synthesis of monolithic κ-carrageenan aerogels with meso- and macroporous structures, being unique in physical and chemical properties. We demonstrate a novel method to synthesize κ-carrageenan aerogels in which potassium thiocyanate was used as the source of specific ions. Aerogels were characterized by envelope density analysis, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, X-ray powder diffractometry and IR spectroscopy. By varying the concentration of κ-carrageenan between 0.5 and 3 wt%, the envelope density can be linearly increased from 40 to 160 kg m⁻³. The sulphate functional groups in the wet gel and the specific ions are the key factors controlling the volume shrinkage of aerogels which average about 66%. The aerogels exhibit a fibrillar structure similar to cellulose aerogels. The fibril thickness was observed to be 10-15 nm and the specific surface area was about 230 m² g⁻¹. The existing meso- and macroporous structures were confirmed by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The aerogels were completely pure, free of specific ions and confirmed to be amorphous by powder X-ray diffraction. Hence, these porous materials can provide a matrix with a chelating function which can be used as a host in many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathirvel Ganesan
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Linder Höhe, 51170 Köln, Germany.
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Luo Y, Wang Q. Recent development of chitosan-based polyelectrolyte complexes with natural polysaccharides for drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 64:353-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Lu X, Chan CY, Lee KI, Ng PF, Fei B, Xin JH, Fu J. Super-tough and thermo-healable hydrogel – promising for shape-memory absorbent fiber. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:7631-7638. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01289e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Super-tough and highly squeezable hydrogel by a one-step polymerization shows ultra extendability and healability and leads to a shape-memory absorbent fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkun Lu
- Nanotechnology Centre
- Institute of Textiles & Clothing
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching Ying Chan
- Nanotechnology Centre
- Institute of Textiles & Clothing
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka I Lee
- Nanotechnology Centre
- Institute of Textiles & Clothing
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui Fai Ng
- Nanotechnology Centre
- Institute of Textiles & Clothing
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Fei
- Nanotechnology Centre
- Institute of Textiles & Clothing
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
| | - John H. Xin
- Nanotechnology Centre
- Institute of Textiles & Clothing
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Polymers and Composites Division
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201, China
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Yu T, Li Y, Yang T, Gong Y, Sudibya HG, Chen P, Luo KQ, Liao K. Fabrication of all-in-one multifunctional phage liquid crystalline fibers. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43034k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Estrada AC, Daniel-da-Silva AL, Trindade T. Photothermally enhanced drug release by κ-carrageenan hydrogels reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40662h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Silva TH, Alves A, Popa EG, Reys LL, Gomes ME, Sousa RA, Silva SS, Mano JF, Reis RL. Marine algae sulfated polysaccharides for tissue engineering and drug delivery approaches. BIOMATTER 2012; 2:278-89. [PMID: 23507892 PMCID: PMC3568112 DOI: 10.4161/biom.22947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical field is constantly requesting for new biomaterials, with innovative properties. Natural polymers appear as materials of election for this goal due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. In particular, materials found in marine environment are of great interest since the chemical and biological diversity found in this environment is almost uncountable and continuously growing with the research in deeper waters. Moreover, there is also a slower risk of these materials to pose illnesses to humans. In particular, sulfated polysaccharides can be found in marine environment, in different algae species. These polysaccharides don't have equivalent in the terrestrial plants and resembles the chemical and biological properties of mammalian glycosaminoglycans. In this perspective, are receiving growing interest for application on health-related fields. On this review, we will focus on the biomedical applications of marine algae sulfated polymers, in particular on the development of innovative systems for tissue engineering and drug delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago H Silva
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Wallace GG, Higgins MJ, Moulton SE, Wang C. Nanobionics: the impact of nanotechnology on implantable medical bionic devices. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:4327-4347. [PMID: 22695635 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30758h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The nexus of any bionic device can be found at the electrode-cellular interface. Overall efficiency is determined by our ability to transfer electronic information across that interface. The nanostructure imparted to electrodes plays a critical role in controlling the cascade of events that determines the composition and structure of that interface. With commonly used conductors: metals, carbon and organic conducting polymers, a number of approaches that promote control over structure in the nanodomain have emerged in recent years with subsequent studies revealing a critical dependency between nanostructure and cellular behaviour. As we continue to develop our understanding of how to create and characterise electromaterials in the nanodomain, this is expected to have a profound effect on the development of next generation bionic devices. In this review, we focus on advances in fabricating nanostructured electrodes that present new opportunities in the field of medical bionics. We also briefly evaluate the interactions of living cells with the nanostructured electromaterials, in addition to highlighting emerging tools used for nanofabrication and nanocharacterisation of the electrode-cellular interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Coutinho DF, Sant S, Shakiba M, Wang B, Gomes ME, Neves NM, Reis RL, Khademhosseini A. Microfabricated photocrosslinkable polyelectrolyte-complex of chitosan and methacrylated gellan gum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 22:17262-17271. [PMID: 23293429 DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31374j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CHT) based polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) have been receiving great attention for tissue engineering approaches. These hydrogels are held together by ionic forces and can be disrupted by changes in physiological conditions. In this study, we present a new class of CHT-based PEC hydrogels amenable to stabilization by chemical crosslinking. The photocrosslinkable anionic methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) was complexed with cationic CHT and exposed to light, forming a PEC hydrogel. The chemical characterization of the photocrosslinkable PEC hydrogel by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed absorption peaks specific to the raw polymers. A significantly higher swelling ratio was observed for the PEC hydrogel with higher CHT content. The molecular interactions between both polysaccharides were evaluated chemically and microscopically, indicating the diffusion of CHT to the interior of the hydrogel. We hypothesized that the addition of MeGG to CHT solution first leads to a membrane formation around MeGG. Then, migration of CHT inside the MeGG hydrogel occurs to balance the electrostatic charges. The photocrosslinkable feature of MeGG further allowed the formation of cell-laden microscale hydrogel units with different shapes and sizes. Overall, this system is potentially useful for a variety of applications including the replication of microscale features of tissues for modular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Coutinho
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Dept. of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Taipas, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Jalili R, Razal JM, Wallace GG. Exploiting high quality PEDOT:PSS–SWNT composite formulations for wet-spinning multifunctional fibers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm35148j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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