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Li S, Ferrer-Ruiz A, Dai J, Ramos-Soriano J, Du X, Zhu M, Zhang W, Wang Y, Herranz MÁ, Jing L, Zhang Z, Li H, Xia F, Martín N. A pH-independent electrochemical aptamer-based biosensor supports quantitative, real-time measurement in vivo. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8813-8820. [PMID: 35975161 PMCID: PMC9350589 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of biosensors capable of achieving accurate and precise molecular measurements in the living body in pH-variable biological environments (e.g. subcellular organelles, biological fluids and organs) plays a significant role in personalized medicine. Because they recapitulate the conformation-linked signaling mechanisms, electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors are good candidates to fill this role. However, this class of sensors suffers from a lack of a stable and pH-independent redox reporter to support their utility under pH-variable conditions. Here, in response, we demonstrate the efficiency of an electron donor π-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) as an excellent candidate (due to its good electrochemical stability and no proton participation in its redox reaction) of pH-independent redox reporters. Its use has allowed improvement of E-AB sensing performance in biological fluids under different pH conditions, achieving high-frequency, real-time molecular measurements in biological samples both in vitro and in the bladders of living rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Andrés Ferrer-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Javier Ramos-Soriano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Xuewei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Man Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Wanxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - M Ángeles Herranz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Le Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Zishuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanoscience C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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2
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Giangregorio MM, Gambino S, Fabiano E, Leoncini M, Cardone A, Corrente GA, Beneduci A, Accorsi G, Gigli G, Losurdo M, Termine R, Capodilupo AL. Synthesis and Investigation of Electro-Optical Properties of H-Shape Dibenzofulvene Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031091. [PMID: 35164355 PMCID: PMC8838082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have synthetized two classes of dibenzofulvene-arylamino derivatives with an H-shape design, for a total of six different molecules. The molecular structures consist of two D-A-D units connected by a thiophene or bitiophene bridge, using diarylamino substituents as donor groups anchored to the 2,7- (Group A) and 3,6- (Group B) positions of the dibenzofulvene backbone. The donor units and the thiophene or bithiophene bridges were used as chemico-structural tools to modulate electro-optical and morphological-electrical properties. A combination of experiments, such as absorption measurements (UV-Vis spectroscopy), cyclic voltammetry, ellipsometry, Raman, atomic force microscopy, TD-DFT calculation and hole-mobility measurements, were carried out on the synthesized small organic molecules to investigate the differences between the two classes and therefore understand the relevance of the molecular design of the various properties. We found that the anchoring position on dibenzofulvene plays a crucial key for fine-tuning the optical, structural, and morphological properties of molecules. In particular, molecules with substituents in 2,7 positions (Group A) showed a lower structural disorder, a larger molecular planarity, and a lower roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Michela Giangregorio
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Salvatore Gambino
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.G.); (M.L.); (G.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Eduardo Fabiano
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- Centre for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 73010 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mauro Leoncini
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.G.); (M.L.); (G.A.); (G.G.)
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio de Giorgi”, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardone
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM, Italian National Council of Research, CNR, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bary, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Anna Corrente
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 15D, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (G.A.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Amerigo Beneduci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 15D, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (G.A.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Gianluca Accorsi
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.G.); (M.L.); (G.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.G.); (M.L.); (G.A.); (G.G.)
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio de Giorgi”, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Losurdo
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Roberto Termine
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Agostina-Lina Capodilupo
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.G.); (M.L.); (G.A.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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Capodilupo AL, Fabiano E, Franco L, Gambino S, Leoncini M, Accorsi G, Gigli G. Control of Electron Transfer Processes in Multidimensional Arylamine-Based Mixed-Valence Compounds by Molecular Backbone Design. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7840-7851. [PMID: 34473509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Four trigonal topology compounds with three diarylamines redox centers and dibenzofulvene as core bridge have been synthesized. Their radical cations exhibit appealing intramolecular electron transfer pathways between three redox centers, depending on their position on the core bridge. By changing such positions (on either 2,7- or 3,6-), and the length of the bridge, the control of the intramolecular electron transfer pathways was achieved through the electron self-exchange route. These processes were investigated by absorption spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and (time-dependent) density functional theory calculations. Hole mobility measurements were carried out as well, to correlate the intramolecular electron transfer with the hole-transporting ability for possible applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina-L Capodilupo
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Eduardo Fabiano
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy.,Centre for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Barsanti, Arnesano, Lecce 73010, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, Padova 135131, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gambino
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Mauro Leoncini
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy.,Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio de Giorgi", Università Del Salento, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Gianluca Accorsi
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy.,Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio de Giorgi", Università Del Salento, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
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Altinolcek N, Battal A, Vardalli CN, Tavasli M, Yu HA, Peveler WJ, Skabara PJ. Carbazole-based D-π-A molecules: Determining the photophysical properties and comparing ICT effects of π-spacer and acceptor groups. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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5
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Liu X, Yang J, Zhai X, Yan H, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Wan JG, Ge G, Wang G. A molecular device providing a remarkable spin filtering effect due to the central molecular stretch caused by lateral zigzag graphene nanoribbon electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:6755-6762. [PMID: 32167125 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00238k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Through the density functional theory, we studied molecular devices composed of single tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) molecules connected with zigzag graphene nanoribbon electrodes by four different junctions. Interestingly, some devices have exhibited half-metallic behavior and can bring out a perfect spin filtering effect and remarkable negative differential resistance behavior. The current-voltage characteristics show that these four devices possess different spin current values. We found that all the TTF molecules were stretched due to interactions with the electrodes in the four devices. This leads to the Fermi levels of the three devices being down-shifted to the valence band; therefore, these devices exhibit half-metallic properties. The underlying mechanisms of the different spin current values are attributed to the different electron transmission pathways (via chemical bonds or through hopping between atoms). These results suggest that the device properties and conductance are controlled by different junctions. Our work predicts an effective way for designing high-performance spin-injected molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecophysics and Department of Physics, College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China.
| | - Jueming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecophysics and Department of Physics, College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China.
| | - Xingwu Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Ecophysics and Department of Physics, College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China.
| | - Hongxia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ecophysics and Department of Physics, College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China.
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecophysics and Department of Physics, College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China.
| | - Long Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecophysics and Department of Physics, College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Guo Wan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Guixian Ge
- Key Laboratory of Ecophysics and Department of Physics, College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China. and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Guanghou Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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6
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Short J, Blundell TJ, Yang S, Sahin O, Shakespeare Y, Smith EL, Wallis JD, Martin L. Synthesis and structures of polyiodide radical cation salts of donors combining tetrathiafulvalene with multiple thiophene or oligo-thiophene substituents. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00954g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and structures of the radical cation salts of a series of new TTF-based donors bearing thiophene or oligothiophene side chains with polyiodide counterions are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Short
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Toby J. Blundell
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Songjie Yang
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Onur Sahin
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Yiana Shakespeare
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Emma L. Smith
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - John D. Wallis
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Lee Martin
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
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7
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Wright IA, Wilson C, Coles SJ, Skabara PJ. Broadband near-IR absorbing Au-dithiolene complexes bearing redox-active oligothiophene ligands. Dalton Trans 2018; 48:107-116. [PMID: 30462113 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03915a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of three homoleptic, monoanionic gold dithiolene complexes of oligothiophene ligands which coordinate via a central thiophene-3,4-dithiolate chelate are presented. The oligomer chains are three, five and seven thiophenes long and the complexes display hybrid optoelectronic properties featuring characteristics of both the oligothiophene chains and the delocalised metal dithiolene centre. The properties of the complexes have been characterised using a variety of spectroscopic and electrochemical methods complemented by computational studies. Solid state spectroelectrochemistry has revealed that upon oxidation these complexes display intense and broad absorption across the visible spectrum. In attempting to produce nickel analogues of these materials a single crystal of a photo-oxidised nickel dithiolene complex has also been isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain A Wright
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
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8
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Kanibolotsky AL, Findlay NJ, Skabara PJ. Polythiophene and oligothiophene systems modified by TTF electroactive units for organic electronics. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1749-66. [PMID: 26664595 PMCID: PMC4660975 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to give an update on current progress in the synthesis, properties and applications of thiophene-based conjugated systems bearing tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) units. We focus mostly on the synthesis of poly- and oligothiophenes with TTF moieties fused to the thiophene units of the conjugated backbone either directly or via a dithiin ring. The electrochemical behaviour of these materials and structure-property relationships are discussed. The study is directed towards the development of a new type of organic semiconductors based on these hybrid materials for application in organic field effect transistors and solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom ; Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, 02160 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Neil J Findlay
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Skabara
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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9
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Taylor RGD, Cameron J, Wright IA, Thomson N, Avramchenko O, Kanibolotsky AL, Inigo AR, Tuttle T, Skabara PJ. Thiazole-induced rigidification in substituted dithieno-tetrathiafulvalene: the effect of planarisation on charge transport properties. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015. [PMID: 26199671 PMCID: PMC4505100 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) containing compounds 1 and 2 have been synthesised via a four-fold Stille coupling between a tetrabromo-dithienoTTF 5 and stannylated thiophene 6 or thiazole 4. The optical and electrochemical properties of compounds 1 and 2 have been measured by UV–vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry and the results compared with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to confirm the observed properties. Organic field effect transistor (OFET) devices fabricated from 1 and 2 demonstrated that the substitution of thiophene units for thiazoles was found to increase the observed charge transport, which is attributed to induced planarity through S–N interactions of adjacent thiazole nitrogen atoms and TTF sulfur atoms and better packing in the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert G D Taylor
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Cameron
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Iain A Wright
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Thomson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Olena Avramchenko
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom ; Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, 02160 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anto R Inigo
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Tell Tuttle
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Skabara
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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Skabara PJ, Arlin JB, Geerts YH. Close encounters of the 3D kind - exploiting high dimensionality in molecular semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:1948-1954. [PMID: 23675597 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201200862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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11
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Wright IA, Kanibolotsky AL, Cameron J, Tuttle T, Skabara PJ, Coles SJ, Howells CT, Thomson SAJ, Gambino S, Samuel IDW. Oligothiophene Cruciform with a Germanium Spiro Center: A Promising Material for Organic Photovoltaics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201109074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Wright IA, Kanibolotsky AL, Cameron J, Tuttle T, Skabara PJ, Coles SJ, Howells CT, Thomson SAJ, Gambino S, Samuel IDW. Oligothiophene Cruciform with a Germanium Spiro Center: A Promising Material for Organic Photovoltaics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4562-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201109074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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