1
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Zhao H, Cheng X. Fluorene Thiophene α-Cyanostilbene Hexacatenar-Generating LCs with Hexagonal Columnar Phases and Gels with Helical Morphologies as Well as a Light-Emitting LC Display. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119337. [PMID: 37298292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Two series of novel synthesized hexacatenars, O/n and M/n, containing two thiophene-cyanostilbene units interconnected by central fluorene units (fluorenone or dicyanovinyl fluorene) using a donor-acceptor-acceptor-donor (A-D-A-D-A) rigid core, with three alkoxy chains at each end, can self-assemble into hexagonal columnar mesophases with wide liquid crystal (LC) ranges and aggregate into organogels with flowerlike and helical cylinder morphologies, as revealed via POM, DSC, XRD and SEM investigation. Furthermore, these compounds were observed to emit yellow luminescence in both solution and solid states which can be adopted to manufacture a light-emitting liquid crystal display (LE-LCD) by doping with commercially available nematic LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- School of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiaohong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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2
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Cappello D, Buguis FL, Gilroy JB. Tuning the Properties of Donor-Acceptor and Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Boron Difluoride Hydrazones via Extended π-Conjugation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32727-32739. [PMID: 36120012 PMCID: PMC9476501 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular materials with π-conjugated donor-acceptor (D-A) and acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) electronic structures have received significant attention due to their usage in organic photovoltaic materials, in organic light-emitting diodes, and as biological imaging agents. Boron-containing molecular materials have been explored as electron-accepting units in compounds with D-A and A-D-A properties as they often exhibit unique and tunable optoelectronic and redox properties. Here, we utilize Stille cross-coupling chemistry to prepare a series of compounds with boron difluoride hydrazones (BODIHYs) as acceptors and benzene, thiophene, or 9,9-dihexylfluorene as donors. BODIHYs with D-A and A-D-A properties exhibited multiple reversible redox waves, solid-state emission with photoluminescence quantum yields up to 10%, and aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Optical band gaps (or highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gaps) determined for these compounds (2.02-2.25 eV) agree well with those determined from cyclic voltammetry experiments (2.05-2.42 eV). The optoelectronic properties described herein are rationalized with density functional theory calculations that support the interpretation of the experimental findings. This work provides a foundation of understanding that will allow for the consideration of D-A and A-D-A BODIHYs to be incorporated into applications (e.g., organic electronics) where fine-tuning of band gaps is required.
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3
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Hang J, Lin H, Zhao K, Hu P, Wang B, Monobe H, Zhu C, Donnio B. Butterfly Mesogens Based on Carbazole, Fluorene or Fluorenone: Mesomorphous, Gelling, Photophysical, and Photoconductive Properties. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Fang Hang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610066 China
| | - Hang Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610066 China
| | - Ke‐Qing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610066 China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610066 China
| | - Bi‐Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610066 China
| | - Hirosato Monobe
- Nanomaterials Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Ikeda Osaka 5638577 Japan
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Department Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Rd., M/S 15R0217 Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Materiaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) CNRS-Universite de Strasbourg (UMR 7504) Strasbourg 67034 France
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4
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Wu X, Xiao J, Han Y, Xu J, Zhou W, Li Y, Fang Y, Chen Y, Wu Q, Song Y. An investigation of broadband optical nonlinear absorption and transient nonlinear refraction in a fluorenone-based compound. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15952-15958. [PMID: 35481210 PMCID: PMC9031121 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01134k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel fluorenone derivative, FO52, is designed and synthesized.
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5
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Burney‐Allen AA, Shaw J, Wheeler DL, Diodati L, Duzhko V, Tomlinson AL, Jeffries‐EL M. Benzobisoxazole Cruciforms: A Cross‐conjugated Platform for Designing Tunable Donor/Acceptor Materials. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Shaw
- Department of Chemistry Boston University 590 Commonwealth Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - David L. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry Boston University 590 Commonwealth Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Lily Diodati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of North Georgia 282 College Circle Dahlonega GA 30041 USA
| | - Volodimyr Duzhko
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts – Amherst 120 Governors Drive, Conte A529 Amherst MA 01003-9263 USA
| | - Aimée L. Tomlinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of North Georgia 282 College Circle Dahlonega GA 30041 USA
| | - Malika Jeffries‐EL
- Department of Chemistry Boston University 590 Commonwealth Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
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6
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Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorenone-Based Donor-Acceptor Small Molecule Organic Semiconductors for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Macromol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Li Y, Concellón A, Lin CJ, Romero NA, Lin S, Swager TM. Thiophene-fused polyaromatics: synthesis, columnar liquid crystal, fluorescence and electrochemical properties. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4695-4701. [PMID: 34122924 PMCID: PMC8159230 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00714e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient syntheses that incorporate thiophene units into different extended conjugation systems are of interest as a result of the prevalence of sulfur-rich aromatics in organic electronics. Self-organization by using liquid crystal properties is also desirable for optimal processing of organic electronics and optical devices. In this article, we describe a two-step process to access extended regioisomers of polyaromatics with different shapes. This method involves an efficient single or double benzannulation from an alkyne precursor followed by Scholl cyclization. In spite of their unconventional nondiscoid shape, these materials display stable columnar liquid crystal phases. We examine the photophysical and electrochemical properties and find that structurally very similar thiophene-fused polyaromatics display significant differences in their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02143 USA
| | - Alberto Concellón
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02143 USA
| | - Che-Jen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02143 USA
| | - Nathan A Romero
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02143 USA
| | - Sibo Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02143 USA
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02143 USA
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8
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Li L, Liu Z, Tang S, Li J, Ren X, Yang G, Li H, Yuan B. Amphiphilic ligands for Cu-catalyzed aerobic oxidation to synthesize 9-fluorenones in water. CATAL COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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9
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Pratap G, Narasimhaswamy T, Shanmugam P. Palladium (II) Catalyzed Arylation and Methylene Oxidation of 2, 7‐Dibromo Fluorenes with Heteroaryl Esters: Synthesis of Mesogenic2‐Heteroaryl and 2, 7‐Diheteroaryl‐9‐fluorenones. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gallelli Pratap
- Polymer Science and TechnologyCSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar Chennai-600020 INDIA
- Academy of Scientific& Innovative Research (AcSIR)CSIR-CLRI Campus, Adyar Chennai-600020 INDIA
| | - Tanneru Narasimhaswamy
- Polymer Science and TechnologyCSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar Chennai-600020 INDIA
- Academy of Scientific& Innovative Research (AcSIR)CSIR-CLRI Campus, Adyar Chennai-600020 INDIA
| | - Ponnusamy Shanmugam
- Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry DivisionCSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar Chennai-600020 INDIA
- Academy of Scientific& Innovative Research (AcSIR)CSIR-CLRI Campus, Adyar Chennai-600020 INDIA
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10
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Zhao KC, Du JQ, Wang HF, Zhao KQ, Hu P, Wang BQ, Monobe H, Heinrich B, Donnio B. Board-like Fused-Thiophene Liquid Crystals and their Benzene Analogs: Facile Synthesis, Self-Assembly, p-Type Semiconductivity, and Photoluminescence. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:462-470. [PMID: 30536874 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fused-thiophene discotic liquid crystals were designed and easily synthesized by Suzuki coupling and FeCl3 oxidized tandem cyclodehydrogenation reactions, including homo- and cross-coupling reactions. The resulting hexagonal and rectangular columnar mesomorphic supramolecular structures formed were characterized by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small-angle X-ray scattering. The charge carrier transport properties in the mesophases of two of the synthesized fused-thiophene discogens were measured by transient photocurrent time-of-flight (TOF) technique, revealing fast hole transport values in the range of 10-3 to 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 , thus demonstrating potential applications in electronic devices. The luminescent sanidic mesogens, with different extended π-conjugated systems, also emit blue, green, or red light, with absolute photoluminescent quantum yields as high as 18 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Jun-Qi Du
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Hai-Feng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ke-Qing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Hirosato Monobe
- Inorganic Functional Materials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS-University de Strasbourg (UMR 7504), 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034, Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS-University de Strasbourg (UMR 7504), 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034, Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
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11
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12
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Synthesis, Photophysical, Electrochemical and Thermal Study of Biphenyl Luminophors: Green Light Emitting Materials. J Fluoresc 2018; 29:177-183. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Bajzíková K, Veselý J, Kozmík V, Svoboda J, Novotná V, Pociecha D. Diphenylthiophenes as central part for the design of bent-core liquid crystalline compounds. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Mane KG, Nagore PB, Pujari SR. Synthesis, Photophysical, Electrochemical and Thermal Investigation of Anthracene Doped 2-Naphthol Luminophors and their Thin Films for Optoelectronic Devices. J Fluoresc 2018; 28:1023-1028. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Wu J, Liu Y, Ma X, Liu P, Gu C, Dai B. Cu(II)-Catalyzed Ligand-Free Oxidation of Diarylmethanes and Second Alcohols in Water. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 China
| | - Chengzhi Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 China
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 China
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16
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Gao W, Wang J, Luo Q, Lin Y, Ma Y, Dou J, Tan H, Ma CQ, Cui Z. Tuning the optical and electrochemical properties of conjugated all-thiophene dendrimers via core functionalization with a benzothiadiazole unit. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25567a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The optoelectronic properties of conjugated thiophene dendrimers can be tuned by core functionalization with a benzothiadiazole unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Printable Electronics Research Center
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- PR China
| | - Junkai Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Qun Luo
- Printable Electronics Research Center
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- PR China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yuchao Ma
- Printable Electronics Research Center
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- PR China
| | - Junyan Dou
- Printable Electronics Research Center
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- PR China
| | - Hongwei Tan
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- Printable Electronics Research Center
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- PR China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Printable Electronics Research Center
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- PR China
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17
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Jarczyk-Jedryka A, Filapek M, Malecki G, Kula S, Janeczek H, Boharewicz B, Iwan A, Schab-Balcerzak E. Symmetrical N-acylsubstituted dihydrazones containing bithiophene core--Photophysical, electrochemical and thermal characterization. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 159:169-176. [PMID: 26845584 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Four symmetrical N-acylsubstituted dihydrazones containing bithiophene core were synthesized from condensation of 2,2'-bithiophene-5,5'-dicarboxyaldehyde with benzoic, isonicotinoyl, 2-thiophenic and 2-furoic hydrazide. The obtained compounds were characterized through the data from (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), elemental analysis, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements. Additionally, the electronic properties including orbital energies and resulting energy gaps were calculated by density functional theory (DFT). Their thermal behavior was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). They were thermal sable up to 320°C. The prepared N-acylsubstituted dihydrazones emitted light with λ(em) in the range of 499-530 nm in solution, whereas, in solid state as blend with PMMA blue emission was observed. They undergo quasi-reversible and irreversible electrochemical reduction and oxidation processes, respectively. Additionally, the selected compounds were tested preliminary as component of active layer in organic photovoltaic cells. The highest value of power conversion efficiency, equal to 1.68% under simulated 100 mW/cm(2) AM 1.5G irradiation was found for device with the architecture ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM:FBTH (1:2:2)/Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jarczyk-Jedryka
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Michal Filapek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Malecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Slawomir Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Bartosz Boharewicz
- Electrotechnical Institute, Division of Electrotechnology and Materials Science, 55/61 M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Iwan
- Electrotechnical Institute, Division of Electrotechnology and Materials Science, 55/61 M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
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18
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Photoluminescent tetrahedral d 10 -metal Schiff base complexes exhibiting highly ordered mesomorphism. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Fuchs F, Caffy F, Demadrille R, Mélin T, Grévin B. High-Resolution Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy Imaging of Interface Dipoles and Photogenerated Charges in Organic Donor-Acceptor Photovoltaic Blends. ACS NANO 2016; 10:739-46. [PMID: 26750993 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy studies of nanophase segregated photovoltaic blends based on an oligothiophene-fluorenone oligomer and [6,6]-phenyl C70 butyric acid methyl ester. We carried out a complete analysis of the influence of the tip-surface interaction regime on the topographic, in-dark contact potential and surface photovoltage contrasts. It is demonstrated that an optimal lateral resolution is achieved for all channels below the onset of a contrast in the damping images. With the support of electrostatic simulations, it is shown that in-dark contact potential difference contrasts above subsurface acceptor clusters are consistent with an uneven distribution of permanent charges at the donor-acceptor interfaces. A remarkable dependence of the surface photovoltage magnitude with respect to the tip-surface distance is evidenced and attributed to a local enhancement of the electromagnetic field at the tip apex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thierry Mélin
- Institut d'Electronique, Microélectronique et Nanotechnologie (IEMN), CNRS UMR 8520, CS 60069, Avenue Poincaré, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Bubnov A, Iwan A, Cigl M, Boharewicz B, Tazbir I, Wójcik K, Sikora A, Hamplová V. Photosensitive self-assembling materials as functional dopants for organic photovoltaic cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23137j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New photosensitive liquid crystalline compounds with a specific molecular structure have been designed in order to use them as functional dopants for organic photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexej Bubnov
- Institute of Physics
- The Czech Academy of Sciences
- 182 21 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Iwan
- Electrotechnical Institute
- Division of Electrotechnology and Materials Science
- 50-369 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - Martin Cigl
- Institute of Physics
- The Czech Academy of Sciences
- 182 21 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Bartosz Boharewicz
- Electrotechnical Institute
- Division of Electrotechnology and Materials Science
- 50-369 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - Igor Tazbir
- Electrotechnical Institute
- Division of Electrotechnology and Materials Science
- 50-369 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - Kamil Wójcik
- Electrotechnical Institute
- Division of Electrotechnology and Materials Science
- 50-369 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - Andrzej Sikora
- Electrotechnical Institute
- Division of Electrotechnology and Materials Science
- 50-369 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - Věra Hamplová
- Institute of Physics
- The Czech Academy of Sciences
- 182 21 Prague
- Czech Republic
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21
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Mangione MI, Spanevello RA. Synthesis of nitrogenated scaffolds derived from fluorene by a modified Ullmann type reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Scheuble M, Goll M, Ludwigs S. Branched Terthiophenes in Organic Electronics: From Small Molecules to Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 36:115-37. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Scheuble
- IPOC - Functional Polymers; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Miriam Goll
- IPOC - Functional Polymers; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- IPOC - Functional Polymers; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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Grucela-Zajac M, Bijak K, Kula S, Filapek M, Wiacek M, Janeczek H, Skorka L, Gasiorowski J, Hingerl K, Sariciftci N, Nosidlak N, Lewinska G, Sanetra J, Schab-Balcerzak E. (Photo)physical Properties of New Molecular Glasses End-Capped with Thiophene Rings Composed of Diimide and Imine Units. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2014; 118:13070-13086. [PMID: 24966893 PMCID: PMC4065162 DOI: 10.1021/jp501168b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
New symmetrical arylene bisimide derivatives formed by using electron-donating-electron-accepting systems were synthesized. They consist of a phthalic diimide or naphthalenediimide core and imine linkages and are end-capped with thiophene, bithiophene, and (ethylenedioxy)thiophene units. Moreover, polymers were obtained from a new diamine, N,N'-bis(5-aminonaphthalenyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-dicarboximide and 2,5-thiophenedicarboxaldehyde or 2,2'-bithiophene-5,5'-dicarboxaldehyde. The prepared azomethine diimides exhibited glass-forming properties. The obtained compounds emitted blue light with the emission maximum at 470 nm. The value of the absorption coefficient was determined as a function of the photon energy using spectroscopic ellipsometry. All compounds are electrochemically active and undergo reversible electrochemical reduction and irreversible oxidation processes as was found in cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) studies. They exhibited a low electrochemically (DPV) calculated energy band gap (Eg) from 1.14 to 1.70 eV. The highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels and Eg were additionally calculated theoretically by density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. The photovoltaic properties of two model compounds as the active layer in organic solar cells in the configuration indium tin oxide/poly(3,4-(ethylenedioxy)thiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/active layer/Al under an illumination of 1.3 mW/cm2 were studied. The device comprising poly(3-hexylthiophene) with the compound end-capped with bithiophene rings showed the highest value of Voc (above 1 V). The conversion efficiency of the fabricated solar cell was in the range of 0.69-0.90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Grucela-Zajac
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bijak
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Slawomir Kula
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Michal Filapek
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Wiacek
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish
Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skorka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego Street, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Gasiorowski
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar
Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, and Center for Surface
and Nanoanalytics, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Altenberger Strasse
69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Kurt Hingerl
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar
Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, and Center for Surface
and Nanoanalytics, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Altenberger Strasse
69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Niyazi
Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar
Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, and Center for Surface
and Nanoanalytics, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Altenberger Strasse
69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Natalia Nosidlak
- Department
of Electronics, AGH University of Science
and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza
30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriela Lewinska
- Institute
of Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 1 Podchorazych Street, 30-035 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sanetra
- Institute
of Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 1 Podchorazych Street, 30-035 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish
Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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24
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Ishikawa A, Ono K, Ohta K, Yasutake M, Ichikawa M, Itoh E. Discotic liquid crystals of transition metal complexes 50: spiranthes-like supramolecular structure of phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614500072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized novel liquid crystalline Pc - C 60 dyads (CnS)6PcCu-C60 (n = 14, 16, 18: 1a–1c) by using our developed synthetic method in order to investigate the mesomorphism and alignment behavior. Each of the (CnS)6PcCu-C60 dyads shows perfect homeotropic alignment in the Colho mesophase between two glass plates for n = 14, 16, 18 and also on a glass plate for n = 14, although none of the parent Pc compounds (CnS)8PcCu and the Pc precursors (CnS)6PcCu-OH and (CnS)6PcCu-OFBA shows homeotropic alignment. It may be attributed to the strong affinity between fullerene and glass surface. Although the reason is not so clear at the present time, this is very useful guideline for the molecular design to prepare homeotropic alignment-showing discotic liquid crystals. Very interestingly, the spherical C 60 parts form a helical structure around the column formed by the disk-like Pc parts This supramolecular structure very resembles spiranthes. The spiranthes-like supramolecular structure is compatible with one-dimensional nano-array expecting the high conversion efficiency of solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ishikawa
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 1-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kenta Ono
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 1-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kazuchika Ohta
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 1-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Mikio Yasutake
- Comprehensive Analysis Center for Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Musubu Ichikawa
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 1-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoh
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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25
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Nandakumar M, Karunakaran J, Mohanakrishnan AK. Diels–Alder Reaction of 1,3-Diarylbenzo[c]furans with Thiophene S,S-Dioxide/Indenone Derivatives: A Facile Preparation of Substituted Dibenzothiophene S,S-Dioxides and Fluorenones. Org Lett 2014; 16:3068-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501175q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meganathan Nandakumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
School of Chemical Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayachandran Karunakaran
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
School of Chemical Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arasambattu K. Mohanakrishnan
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
School of Chemical Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
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26
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Delbosc N, Yahya WZN, Lemaitre N, Berson S, Fuchs F, Grévin B, Faure-Vincent J, Travers JP, Demadrille R. Synthesis, optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties of conjugated alternating copolymers incorporating 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole or fluorenone units: a comparative study. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00335g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High band gap copolymers containing were synthesized and compared for application in bulkheterojunction solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Delbosc
- CEA-INAC-UMR5819-SPrAM (CEA/CNRS/UJF)
- F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Noëlla Lemaitre
- CEA
- LITEN
- Départment des Technologies Solaires
- INES
- 73375 Le Bourget du Lac, France
| | - Solenn Berson
- CEA
- LITEN
- Départment des Technologies Solaires
- INES
- 73375 Le Bourget du Lac, France
| | - Franz Fuchs
- CEA-INAC-UMR5819-SPrAM (CEA/CNRS/UJF)
- F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin Grévin
- CEA-INAC-UMR5819-SPrAM (CEA/CNRS/UJF)
- F-38054 Grenoble, France
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27
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Tauchi L, Nakagaki T, Shimizu M, Itoh E, Yasutake M, Ohta K. Discotic liquid crystals of transition metal complexes 49: establishment of helical structure of fullerene moieties in columnar mesophase of phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424613500752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A homologous series of the phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads, Cn-PcM(OFbaC60) (n = 6, 8, 10, 12; M = Cu , Ni , Co : 3a–3f) have been synthesized to obtain homeotropic alignment at rt and investigate the effects of spacer chain length (n = 6, 8, 10, 12) and central metal ( M = Cu , Ni , Co ) on the mesomorphism. Interestingly, the shorter-spacer-substituted (n = 6, 8; M = Cu ) dyads 3a and 3b showed a hexagonal columnar mesophase (Colh), whereas the longer-spacer-substituted (n = 10, 12; M = Cu , Ni , Co ) dyads 3c–3f showed a tetragonal columnar mesophase (Coltet). Moreover, each of the homologs 3a–3e shows perfect homeotropic alignment in both the Colh and Coltet mesophases at rt. More interestingly, these columnar mesophases gave a very unique XRD reflection peak denoted as Peak H in a very small angle region of 0.8 < 2θ < 2.0 degree. We have established at the first time from our developed two new XRD sample preparation techniques that the Peak H is due to the helical structure of fullerenes around columns formed by one-dimensionally stacked Pc cores. 1D nano array structure of donor and acceptor between two electrodes is recently proposed to obtain higher photoelectric conversion efficiency for organic thin film solar cells. This 1D nano array structure is almost compatible with the present homeotropically aligned Pc- C 60 dyads 3a–3f between two glass plates. Hence, these novel Pc- C 60 dyads 3a–3f may be very suitable to organic thin film solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Tauchi
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 1-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakagaki
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 1-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shimizu
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 1-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoh
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Mikio Yasutake
- Comprehensive Analysis Center for Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kazuchika Ohta
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 1-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
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28
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Shimizu M, Tauchi L, Nakagaki T, Ishikawa A, Itoh E, Ohta K. Discotic liquid crystals of transition metal complexes 48: Synthesis of novel phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads and effect of a methoxy group on their clearing points. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424613500168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In our previous work, we could successfully synthesize the 1:1 phthalocyanine-fullerene (Pc- C60 ) dyads, (OFbaC60)PcCu(OCH3) 2, in very high yields (81 ~ 96%) by using Prato reaction. In this study, we have prepared novel Pc- C60 dyads, (OFbaC60)PcM ( M = Co (a), Ni (b), Cu (c), metal free (d)) 3a–3d without the methoxy group. The target Pc- C60 dyads 3a–3d could be successfully synthesized in good yields also by Prato reaction. It is surprising for us that removal of a very small methoxy group from the big (OFbaC60)PcCu(OCH3) molecule (2) significantly lowers the cp of (OFbaC60)PcCu (3c) by about 70 °C in comparison with that of 2 having the methoxy group. Very interestingly, each of the novel dyads 3a–3d synthesized here shows perfect homeotropic alignment in the tetragonal columnar phase (Coltet). Moreover, it is noteworthy that 3c and 3d show only one Coltet.o mesophase having ordered stacking distance with perfect homeotropic alignment. Such simple phase transition can contribute to maintain stable performance in wide temperature range, when they will be applied to organic thin film solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shimizu
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Lisa Tauchi
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakagaki
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Aya Ishikawa
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoh
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuchika Ohta
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
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29
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Zhang X, Ji X, Su R, Weeks BL, Zhang Z, Deng S. Aerobic Oxidation of 9H-Fluorenes to 9-Fluorenones using Mono-/Multilayer Graphene-Supported Alkaline Catalyst. Chempluschem 2013; 78:703-711. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Yang XB, Zhou L, Huang LB, Xu JJ, Zhou Y, Han ST, Xu ZX, Lau VCY, Hon-Wah Lam M, Wong WY, Roy VAL. Importance of alkyl chain-length on the self-assembly of new Ni(qdt)2 complexes and charge transport properties. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41633j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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31
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Sonar P, Williams EL, Singh SP, Manzhos S, Dodabalapur A. A benzothiadiazole end capped donor–acceptor based small molecule for organic electronics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:17064-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52929k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Xi GQ, Yin MZ, Yang WT. SURFACE PHOTOGRAFTING OF FUNCTIONAL MONOMERS INITIATED BY FLUORENONE ON LDPE FILMS. ACTA POLYM SIN 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2012.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Homnick PJ, Lahti PM. Modular electron donor group tuning of frontier energy levels in diarylaminofluorenone push–pull molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:11961-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41813d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Lincker F, Attias AJ, Mathevet F, Heinrich B, Donnio B, Fave JL, Rannou P, Demadrille R. Influence of polymorphism on charge transport properties in isomers of fluorenone-based liquid crystalline semiconductors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:3209-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17276c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Grévin B, Fakir M, Hayton J, Brun M, Demadrille R, Faure-Vincent J. Qplus AFM driven nanostencil. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:063706. [PMID: 21721701 DOI: 10.1063/1.3600898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development of a novel setup, in which large stencils with suspended silicon nitride membranes are combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM) regulation by using tuning forks. This system offers the possibility to perform separate AFM and nanostencil operations, as well as combined modes when using stencil chips with integrated tips. The flexibility and performances are demonstrated through a series of examples, including wide AFM scans in closed loop mode, probe positioning repeatability of a few tens of nanometer, simultaneous evaporation of large (several hundred of micron square) and nanoscopic metals and fullerene patterns in static, multistep, and dynamic modes. This approach paves the way for further developments, as it fully combines the advantages of conventional stenciling with the ones of an AFM driven shadow mask.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Grévin
- CEA-INAC-UMR 5819-SPrAM (CEA-CNRS-UJF), 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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36
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Zhang F, Wu D, Xu Y, Feng X. Thiophene-based conjugated oligomers for organic solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12801a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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