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Tang H, Bai Y, Zhao H, Qin X, Hu Z, Zhou C, Huang F, Cao Y. Interface Engineering for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2212236. [PMID: 36867581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have made dramatic advancements during the past decades owing to the innovative material design and device structure optimization, with power conversion efficiencies surpassing 19% and 20% for single-junction and tandem devices, respectively. Interface engineering, by modifying interface properties between different layers for OSCs, has become a vital part to promote the device efficiency. It is essential to elucidate the intrinsic working mechanism of interface layers, as well as the related physical and chemical processes that manipulate device performance and long-term stability. In this article, the advances in interface engineering aimed to pursue high-performance OSCs are reviewed. The specific functions and corresponding design principles of interface layers are summarized first. Then, the anode interface layer, cathode interface layer in single-junction OSCs, and interconnecting layer of tandem devices are discussed in separate categories, and the interface engineering-related improvements on device efficiency and stability are analyzed. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with application of interface engineering are discussed with the emphasis on large-area, high-performance, and low-cost device manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuanqing Bai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xudong Qin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Xie S, Yan H, Qi R. A Review of Polymer-Based Environment-Induced Nanogenerators: Power Generation Performance and Polymer Material Manipulations. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:555. [PMID: 38399933 PMCID: PMC10892734 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural environment hosts a considerable amount of accessible energy, comprising mechanical, thermal, and chemical potentials. Environment-induced nanogenerators are nanomaterial-based electronic chips that capture environmental energy and convert it into electricity in an environmentally friendly way. Polymers, characterized by their superior flexibility, lightweight, and ease of processing, are considered viable materials. In this paper, a thorough review and comparison of various polymer-based nanogenerators were provided, focusing on their power generation principles, key materials, power density and stability, and performance modulation methods. The latest developed nanogenerators mainly include triboelectric nanogenerators (TriboENG), piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG), thermoelectric nanogenerators (ThermoENG), osmotic power nanogenerator (OPNG), and moist-electric generators (MENG). Potential practical applications of polymer-based nanogenerator were also summarized. The review found that polymer nanogenerators can harness a variety of energy sources, with the basic power generation mechanism centered on displacement/conduction currents induced by dipole/ion polarization, due to the non-uniform distribution of physical fields within the polymers. The performance enhancement should mainly start from strengthening the ion mobility and positive/negative ion separation in polymer materials. The development of ionic hydrogel and hydrogel matrix composites is promising for future nanogenerators and can also enable multi-energy collaborative power generation. In addition, enhancing the uneven distribution of temperature, concentration, and pressure induced by surrounding environment within polymer materials can also effectively improve output performance. Finally, the challenges faced by polymer-based nanogenerators and directions for future development were prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China (H.Y.)
| | - Huping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China (H.Y.)
| | - Ronghui Qi
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China (H.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Zhang P, Zhu B, Du P, Travas-Sejdic J. Electrochemical and Electrical Biosensors for Wearable and Implantable Electronics Based on Conducting Polymers and Carbon-Based Materials. Chem Rev 2024; 124:722-767. [PMID: 38157565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectronic devices are designed to translate biological information into electrical signals and vice versa, thereby bridging the gap between the living biological world and electronic systems. Among different types of bioelectronics devices, wearable and implantable biosensors are particularly important as they offer access to the physiological and biochemical activities of tissues and organs, which is significant in diagnosing and researching various medical conditions. Organic conducting and semiconducting materials, including conducting polymers (CPs) and graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), are some of the most promising candidates for wearable and implantable biosensors. Their unique electrical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties bring new possibilities to bioelectronics that could not be realized by utilizing metals- or silicon-based analogues. The use of organic- and carbon-based conductors in the development of wearable and implantable biosensors has emerged as a rapidly growing research field, with remarkable progress being made in recent years. The use of such materials addresses the issue of mismatched properties between biological tissues and electronic devices, as well as the improvement in the accuracy and fidelity of the transferred information. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in this field and provide insights into organic and carbon-based (semi)conducting materials' properties and relate these to their applications in wearable/implantable biosensors. We also provide a perspective on the promising potential and exciting future developments of wearable/implantable biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikai Zhang
- Centre for Innovative Materials for Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Bicheng Zhu
- Centre for Innovative Materials for Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Peng Du
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Centre for Innovative Materials for Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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Seiti M, Giuri A, Corcione CE, Ferraris E. Advancements in tailoring PEDOT: PSS properties for bioelectronic applications: A comprehensive review. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213655. [PMID: 37866232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In the field of bioelectronics, the demand for biocompatible, stable, and electroactive materials for functional biological interfaces, sensors, and stimulators, is drastically increasing. Conductive polymers (CPs) are synthetic materials, which are gaining increasing interest mainly due to their outstanding electrical, chemical, mechanical, and optical properties. Since its discovery in the late 1980s, the CP Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) has become extremely attractive, being considered as one of the most capable organic electrode materials for several bioelectronic applications in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Main examples refer to thin, flexible films, electrodes, hydrogels, scaffolds, and biosensors. Within this context, the authors contend that PEDOT:PSS properties should be customized to encompass: i) biocompatibility, ii) conductivity, iii) stability in wet environment, iv) adhesion to the substrate, and, when necessary, v) (bio-)degradability. However, consolidating all these properties into a single functional solution is not always straightforward. Therefore, the objective of this review paper is to present various methods for acquiring and improving PEDOT:PSS properties, with the primary focus on ensuring its biocompatibility, and simultaneously addressing the other functional features. The last section highlights a collection of designated studies, with a particular emphasis on PEDOT:PSS/carbon filler composites due to their exceptional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Seiti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, KU Leuven Campus De Nayer, Jan De Nayerlaan 5, Sint-Katelijne-Waver 2860, Belgium
| | - Antonella Giuri
- CNR-NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Polo di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Ferraris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, KU Leuven Campus De Nayer, Jan De Nayerlaan 5, Sint-Katelijne-Waver 2860, Belgium.
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Oh SH, Oh M, Lee S, Kim DK, Lee JS, Lee SK, Kang SK, Joo YC. Fast and Durable Nanofiber Mat Channel Organic Electrochemical Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39614-39624. [PMID: 37556112 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronic devices that offer real-time measurements, biological signal processing, and continuous monitoring while maintaining stable performance are in high demand. The materials used in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) demonstrate high transconductance (GM) and excellent biocompatibility, making them suitable for bioelectronics in a biological environment. However, ion migration in OECTs induces a delayed response time and low cut-off frequency, and the adverse biological environment causes OECT durability problems. Herein, we present OECTs with a faster response time and improved durability, made possible by using a nanofiber mat channel of a conventional OECT structure. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanofiber mat channel OECTs are fabricated and subjected to various durability tests for the first time based on continuous measurements and mechanical stability assessments. The results indicate that the nanofiber mat channel OECTs have a faster response time and longer life spans compared to those of film channel OECTs. The improvements can be attributed to the increased surface area and fibrous structure of the nanofiber mat channel. Furthermore, the hydrogel helps to maintain the structure of the nanofiber, facilitates material exchange, and eliminates the need for a crosslinker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Oh
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Minseok Oh
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Seongi Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Jong-Sung Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Sol-Kyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Seung-Kyun Kang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Young-Chang Joo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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Gogoi B, Gockley C, Venu S, Zhu Y, Alluri P, Malik AA, Despande MS, Phadnis R, Amonoo E, Li X, Alford TL. Ultrafast and Large-Scale Fabrication of PEDOT:PSS Nanofilms Using Electrical-Field-Assisted Direct Ink Deposition. Molecules 2023; 28:5989. [PMID: 37630240 PMCID: PMC10458509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of conductive polymers has significantly increased over the decade due to their various applications, such as in electronic devices, sensors, and photovoltaics. Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most successfully and widely used polymers in practical applications. Spin coating is extensively used to fabricate these conductive films; however, it has disadvantages. It is inherently a batch process with relatively low output and high solution wastage. To address these issues, we developed a novel printing process called electrical-field-assisted direct ink deposition (EF-DID), which yields a continuous, homogenous film with high electrical conductivity. In this process, we studied the formation of nanodroplets under an electrical field and their effects on film characteristics. Furthermore, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was considered as an additive solvent to increase the conductivity and wettability of the films. We then compared EF-DID-printed PEDOT:PSS films with spin-coated films to better understand the film properties. Finally, inverted perovskite solar cell devices were fabricated and compared, where the PEDOT:PSS layers were prepared by EF-DID printing and spin coating. Based on the experimental results, a solution of 20% PEDOT:PSS in DMSO (vol/vol) printed by EF-DID for 15 s provided optimal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banashree Gogoi
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Carson Gockley
- School for Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Sushmitha Venu
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.V.); (Y.Z.); (P.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.S.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Yizhen Zhu
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.V.); (Y.Z.); (P.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.S.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Pranith Alluri
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.V.); (Y.Z.); (P.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.S.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Ayinawu Abdul Malik
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.V.); (Y.Z.); (P.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.S.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Mitesh Suhas Despande
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.V.); (Y.Z.); (P.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.S.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Raveena Phadnis
- School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Evangeline Amonoo
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.V.); (Y.Z.); (P.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.S.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Xiangjia Li
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.V.); (Y.Z.); (P.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.S.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Terry L. Alford
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.V.); (Y.Z.); (P.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.S.D.); (E.A.)
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Velasco Davoise L, Peña Capilla R, Díez-Pascual AM. Isotropic and Anisotropic Complex Refractive Index of PEDOT:PSS. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3298. [PMID: 37571192 PMCID: PMC10422196 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the complex refractive indexes of seven PEDOT:PSS samples, three with isotropic behavior and four with optical anisotropy, were determined. For the anisotropic samples, the ordinary and extraordinary components of the refractive index were described. The effect of the film thickness, measurement technique and preparation method on the extinction coefficient (k) and refractive index (n) of each sample was also discussed. Important differences (up to 20% in the average n) were found among the samples investigated. In most anisotropic films, the mean value of the extraordinary component was between 7 and 10% higher than that of the ordinary. In the three isotropic films, the average k rose when the film thickness increased. Moreover, the different sets of refractive index data were fitted to three different models: the original Forouhi-Bloomer model, the Liu (2007) model and the revised version of the Forouhi-Bloomer model (2019). In general, Liu's model gave better results, with small errors in n and k (<7.81 and 4.68%, respectively, in all the cases). However, this model had seven fitting parameters, which led to significantly longer computation time than the other two models. The influence of the differences in the measurement of the complex refractive index on the simulation of the optical properties of PEDOT:PSS multilayers was discussed. The results showed that n must be known precisely to accurately calculate the light absorption in a multilayer, without ignoring the isotropic or anisotropic behavior of the material or the influence of the layer thickness on its optical properties. This study aids in the development of simulation and optimization tools that allow understanding the optical properties of PEDOT:PSS films for their potential applications in organic optoelectronic devices, such as organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Velasco Davoise
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rafael Peña Capilla
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
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Lu Y, Yang H, Diao Y, Wang H, Izima C, Jones I, Woon R, Chrulski K, D'Arcy JM. Solution-Processable PEDOT Particles for Coatings of Untreated 3D-Printed Thermoplastics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3433-3441. [PMID: 36596273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lack of solution processability is the main bottleneck in research progression and commercialization of conducting polymers. The current strategy of employing a water-soluble dopant (such as PEDOT:PSS) is not feasible with organic solvents, thus limiting compatibility on hydrophobic surfaces, such as three-dimensional (3D) printable thermoplastics. In this article, we utilize a colloidal dispersion of PEDOT particles to overcome this limitation and formulate an organic paint demonstrating conformal coating on 3D-printed objects. We start with synthesizing PEDOT particles that possess a low electrical resistance (gap resistance of 4.2 ± 0.5 Ω/mm). A particle-based organic paint is formulated and applied via brush painting. Coated objects show a surface resistance of 1 kΩ/cm, comparable to an object printed by commercial conductive filaments. The coating enables the fabrication of pH and strain sensors. Highly conductive PEDOT particles also absorb light strongly, especially in the near-infrared (NIR) range due to the high concentration of charge carriers on the polymer's conjugated backbones (i.e., polarons and bipolarons). PEDOT converts light to heat efficiently, resulting in a superior photothermal activity that is demonstrated by the flash ignition of a particle-impregnated cotton ball. Consequently, painted 3D prints are highly effective in converting NIR light to heat, and a 5 s exposure to a NIR laser (808 nm, 0.8 mW/cm2) leads to a record high-temperature increase (194.5 °C) among PEDOT-based coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Haoru Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Yifan Diao
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Hongmin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Chiemela Izima
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Imani Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Reagan Woon
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Kenneth Chrulski
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Julio M D'Arcy
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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Sharma M, Bhatia R, Sameera I. Synergistic effect of sequential solvent treatment on the structural and low temperature charge transport of PEDOT:PSS films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:115701. [PMID: 36542864 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acadc6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A detailed study on the low temperature charge transport and magnetoresistance (MR) measurements of spin-coated and solvent treated poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films has been presented. The samples were prepared by sequential treatment of PEDOT:PSS film using dimethyl sulfoxide and sulphuric acid. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy elucidate the effect of solvent treatment on the structural modifications of the film, which correlates to the enhanced conductivity values. The nature of solvent and the sequence of successive treatments using different solvents has been effectively utilized to tune the conductivity of the film over a wide range. Further, the low temperature (300-2 K) charge transport study indicates that the resistance of the film rises sharply below 50 K, which implies the samples lie in the category of disordered materials. A linear fit of lnRvs.T-1/4for all the samples indicates that the temperature dependent resistance of solvent treated PEDOT:PSS films follow 3D variable range hopping model. The observed large positive MR behavior of the films has been discussed in terms of the wave function shrinkage of the charge carriers. The MR follows ∼B2and ∼B1/3dependence at low and high magnetic field regimes, respectively. The sequential treatment of PEDOT:PSS films shown in the present study is an effective method to enhance the electrical conductivity significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Sharma
- Department of Physics, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Department of Physics, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - I Sameera
- Department of Physics, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar 125001, India
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Moreno-Piza OJ, Suarez-Herrera MF. Electrochemical study of the redox processes of elemental sulfur in organic solvents using poly (3,4-ethylene-dioxy-thiophene) modified glassy carbon electrodes as working electrodes and ionic liquids as electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cao J, Yang X, Rao J, Mitriashkin A, Fan X, Chen R, Cheng H, Wang X, Goh J, Leo HL, Ouyang J. Stretchable and Self-Adhesive PEDOT:PSS Blend with High Sweat Tolerance as Conformal Biopotential Dry Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39159-39171. [PMID: 35973944 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dry epidermal electrodes that can always form conformal contact with skin can be used for continuous long-term biopotential monitoring, which can provide vital information for disease diagnosis and rehabilitation. But, this application has been limited by the poor contact of dry electrodes on wet skin. Herein, we report a biocompatible fully organic dry electrode that can form conformal contact with both dry and wet skin even during physical movement. The dry electrodes are prepared by drop casting an aqueous solution consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), tannic acid (TA), and ethylene glycol (EG). The electrodes can exhibit a conductivity of 122 S cm-1 and a mechanical stretchability of 54%. Moreover, they are self-adhesive to not only dry skin but also wet skin. As a result, they can exhibit a lower contact impedance to skin than commercial Ag/AgCl gel electrodes on both dry and sweat skins. They can be used as dry epidermal electrodes to accurately detect biopotential signals including electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyogram (EMG) on both dry and wet skins for the users at rest or during physical movement. This is the first time to demonstrate dry epidermal electrodes self-adhesive to wet skin for accurate biopotential detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574
| | - Xingyi Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574
| | - Jiancheng Rao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574
| | - Aleksandr Mitriashkin
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574
| | - Hanlin Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574
| | - James Goh
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574
| | - Hwa Liang Leo
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574
| | - Jianyong Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574
- NUS Research Institute, No. 16 South Huashan Road, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 119077, China
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Al-Hiti AS, Tiu ZC, Yasin M, Harun SW. Ultrafast fiber laser at 1570 nm based on organic material as saturable absorber. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13288. [PMID: 35918510 PMCID: PMC9345930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrated Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) as a saturable absorber (SA) to produce mode-locking operation in different length of Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL). The PEDOT: PSS was embedded into polyvinyl alcohol to form a thin film that acts as an absorber into the laser setup. The three different mode-locked EDFL were successfully demonstrated with different cavity length and output coupler ratio. The pulse repetition rate/width of 3.417 MHz/710 fs, 4.831 MHz/510 fs, and 6.049 MHz/460 fs were obtained by utilizing optical coupler/ cavity length of 20:80/60.7 m, 10:90/42.7 m, and 5:95/33.7 m, respectively. All experiments generated a stable and mode-locked operation at a central wavelength of 1570.76 nm, 1570.3 nm, and 1569.95 nm with 3 dB bandwidth of 4.8 nm, 5.6 nm, and 6.5 nm, respectively. The long-time stability of the ultrafast fiber lasers was investigated for each setup via 120 min. The proposed PEDOT: PSS has proven as a promising material to induce mode-locking operation in different fiber laser setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Shakir Al-Hiti
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50630, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zian Cheak Tiu
- Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - M Yasin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - S W Harun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50630, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
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13
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The effect of argon plasma treatment on surface engineering in an inverted perovskite solar cell. J CHEM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-022-02035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Zhuang A, Huang X, Fan S, Yao X, Zhu B, Zhang Y. One-Step Approach to Prepare Transparent Conductive Regenerated Silk Fibroin/PEDOT:PSS Films for Electroactive Cell Culture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:123-137. [PMID: 34935351 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF)-based electroactive biomaterials with favorable electroconductive property and transparency have great potential applications for cell culture and tissue engineering. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is an excellent candidate as a conductive component, which has been widely used in the field of bioelectronics; however, it is hard to be directly coated onto the surface of regenerated SF (RSF) materials with good stability under a cell culture environment. In this study, a one-step facile PEDOT:PSS modification approach for RSF films based on a suitable post-treatment process of RSF was developed. PEDOT:PSS was successfully embedded and fixed into the shallow surface of an RSF film, forming a tightly conjunct conductive layer on the film surface based on the conformation transition of RSF during the post-treatment process. The conductive layer demonstrated a PSS-rich surface and a PEDOT-rich bulk structure and showed excellent stability under a cell culture environment. More specifically, the robust RSF/PEDOT:PSS film achieved in the post-treatment formula with 70% ethanol proportion possessed best comprehensive properties such as a sheet resistance of 3.833 × 103 Ω/square, a conductivity of 1.003 S/cm, and transmittance over 80% at maximum in the visible range. This kind of electroactive biomaterial also showed good electrochemical stability and degradable properties. Moreover, pheochromocytoma-derived cell line (PC12) cells were cultured on the RSF/PEDOT:PSS film, and an effective electrical stimulation cell response was demonstrated. The facile preparation strategy and the good electroconductive property and transparency make this RSF/PEDOT:PSS film an ideal candidate for neuronal tissue engineering and further for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiangyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Suna Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yaopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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15
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Gutierrez-Fernandez E, Ezquerra TA, García-Gutiérrez MC. Additive Effect on the Structure of PEDOT:PSS Dispersions and Its Correlation with the Structure and Morphology of Thin Films. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:141. [PMID: 35012162 PMCID: PMC8747737 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported on the interaction between poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and high-boiling-point additives in PEDOT:PSS aqueous dispersions and in the final polymer films with the aim of stablishing correlations between the structure of both inks and solid thin films. By Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) using synchrotron radiation, it was found that the structural changes of dispersions of PEDOT:PSS with high-boiling-point additives can be explained as a two-step mechanism depending on the additive concentration. A compaction of PEDOT:PSS grains was observed at low concentrations while a swelling of the grains together with a phase segregation between PEDOT and PSS segments was evidenced at larger concentrations. Thin films' morphology and structure were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and synchrotron Grazing Incidence Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (GIWAXS) respectively. Our two-step model provides an explanation for the small and sharp domains of PEDOT:PSS thin films observed for low-additive concentrations (first step) and larger domains and roughness found for higher-additive concentrations (second step). A reduction of the ratio of PSS in PEDOT:PSS thin films upon the presence of additives was also observed. This can be related to a thinning of the PSS shells of PEDOT:PSS grains in the dispersion. The results discussed in this work provide the basis for a controlled tuning of PEDOT:PSS thin films structure and the subsequent electrical properties.
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Review on Tailoring PEDOT:PSS Layer for Improved Device Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113119. [PMID: 34835883 PMCID: PMC8619312 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has high optical transparency in the visible light range and low-temperature processing condition, making it one of the most widely used polymer hole transport materials inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), because of its high optical transparency in the visible light range and low-temperature processing condition. However, the stability of PSCs based on pristine PEDOT:PSS is far from satisfactory, which is ascribed to the acidic and hygroscopic nature of PEDOT:PSS, and property differences between PEDOT:PSS and perovskite materials, such as conductivity, work function and surface morphology. This review summaries recent efficient strategies to improve the stability of PEDOT:PSS in PSCs and discusses the underlying mechanisms. This review is expected to provide helpful insights for further increasing the stability of PSCs based on commercial PEDOT:PSS.
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17
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In situ polymerization of PEDOT:PSS films based on EMI-TFSI and the analysis of electrochromic performance. E-POLYMERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2021-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this report, PEDOT composite films were prepared by in situ electrochemical polymerization. 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazole bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMI-TFSI) was used as an ionic liquid dopant for PEDOT:PSS films. Subsequently, these PEDOT:PSS/EMI-TFSI films were compared with PEDOT:PSS films based on their morphology, structure, electrochromic properties, and optical properties at different deposition voltages and deposition times. It was observed that the addition of EMI-TFSI enhanced all the aforementioned properties of the films. PEDOT:PSS/EMI-TFSI films were seen to have a larger ion diffusion coefficient (1.38 × 10−20 cm2·s−1), a wider color change range (43.48%), a shorter response time (coloring response time = 1.2 s; fade response time = 2 s), and a higher coloring efficiency (189.86 cm2·C−1) when compared with normal PEDOT:PSS films. The introduction of EMI-TFSI in the films ultimately resulted in superior electrochemical and optical properties along with higher stability.
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18
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Xiao Z, Xu H, Liang W, Wu B, Shi Y, Deng H, Lan Y, Long Y. Effective film surface treatment for improving external quantum efficiency of photomultiplication type organic photodetector. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211021484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple yet effective method based on methanol treatment is proposed to enhance the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the photomultiplication type organic photodetector with a structure of Glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3H:PC71BM (100:1, wt./wt.)/Al. By modifying the PEDOT:PSS film surface with methanol, the EQE of photodetector significantly improved within a broad wavelength range of 300–700 nm. The maximum EQE of 25300% occurs at the wavelength of 350 nm in the methanol-treated device under −9 V bias, which more than doubles that (11500%) of the device without treatment. In addition, as a result of the methanol treatment, the detectivity of the device improved from 3.72 × 1012 to 7.24 × 1012 Jones at −9 V under 350 nm light illumination. The large improvement is attributed to the fact that the methanol treatment can improve the electrical performance of the PEDOT:PSS by removing the insulator PSS within the film and also result in PC71BM aggregations in the active layer. The latter can enhance the tunneling hole injection by the intensified energy-level bending, which is induced by both the trapped electrons in these aggregations and accumulated ones near Al electrode. As a result, the modification of both the PEDOT:PSS layer and the active layer increases the response current, resulting in the EQE improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xiao
- College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haitao Xu
- College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyue Liang
- College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binfang Wu
- College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Shi
- College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haidong Deng
- College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubin Lan
- College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology (NPAAC), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongbing Long
- College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology (NPAAC), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Setiawan RC, Li DY. Tuning the Conductivity and Electron Work Function of a Spin-Coated PEDOT:PSS/PEO Nanofilm for Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4924-4932. [PMID: 33843241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel phenomenon of increasing the adherence of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS/PEO) nanofilm for Si3N4 through cosolvent treatment by DMSO. By varying the w/w% ratio of DMSO, nanofilms with different conductivities were produced. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed that the adhesive force between the AFM's Si3N4 probe and the nanofilm increased by 35.8% as the conductivity of the nanofilm increased. The conductivity became saturated after the PEDOT:PSS-to-DMSO ratio reached a certain level. This study demonstrates that the variations in the adhesive force are determined by two factors: (1) the difference in EWF between the nanofilm and the counter-body Si3N4 and (2) the electrical conductivity of the materials involved. The former is used for establishing a dipole layer at the interface, while the latter determines the degree of ease to achieve the dipole layer. This study demonstrates an approach to tailor interfacial bonding for different types of materials without atomic diffusion, which is promising for applications in various fields such as control of biomedical films on implants and functional films for electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Y Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H5 Canada
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20
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Song JP, Choi SH, Chung DW, Lee SJ. Latex-Based Polystyrene Nanocomposites with Non-Covalently Modified Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071168. [PMID: 33916505 PMCID: PMC8038690 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We prepared electrically conductive polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites by incorporating non-covalently surface-modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with hydrophilic polymers such as polydopamine (PDA) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Further, ethylene glycol (EG) was introduced as a second dopant to improve the electrical properties of the nanocomposites prepared with PEDOT:PSS-wrapped CNTs. All conductive PS nanocomposites were prepared through latex-based process, and the morphology and properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The electrical properties of the nanocomposites with PEDOT:PSS-wrapped CNTs were better than those of the nanocomposites with PDA-coated CNTs owing to the conducting nature of PEDOT:PSS, although the dispersions of both types of modified CNTs in the PS matrix were excellent, as evidenced by morphology and rheology. In the case of PEDOT:PSS modification, the electrical properties of the nanocomposites with EG-doped PEDOT:PSS-wrapped CNTs were superior to those of the nanocomposites without EG treatment.
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21
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Maeda R, Shinohara Y, Kawakami H, Isoda Y, Kanazawa I, Mitsuishi M. The conducting fibrillar networks of a PEDOT:PSS hydrogel and an organogel prepared by the gel-film formation process. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:135403. [PMID: 33291090 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abd1a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a practical conducting polymer. The gel-film formation process produces a PEDOT:PSS organogel with a structure between a PEDOT:PSS water dispersion and a dried film. We found that this film has a high water-swelling ratio and thickens by a hitherto unreported factor of approximately 6600% as its swells to form a hydrogel. In this study, we investigated the drying behaviour of a hydrogel and an organogel with electrical properties to elucidate the internal structures of the gel responsible for the swelling and shrinkage behaviour with high expansion and contraction ratios. SEM revealed that the gel is composed of a 3D fibrillar network consisting of fibrils that are 4.6 ± 1.6 μm long and 0.63 ± 0.29 μm in diameter. This network plays a pivotal role in the conduction of electricity and swelling behaviour with high expansion ratios. The thickness of the gel decreased to 1/66 of its original value after drying on a substrate, while the total electrical resistance decreased by only 20%. The organogel exhibited the same drying behaviour as the hydrogel, which indicates that the network forms first in the organogel and is maintained in the subsequent swelling and drying processes. The electrical conductivity of the hydrogel increased from 9.0 ± 0.1 to 346.4 ± 1.2 S cm-1 under anisotropic shrinking from 3.1 ± 0.2 mm to 77.4 ± 3.3 μm. The network plays an important role as an enhanced swelling framework by providing effective pathways for the conduction of electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Maeda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Shinohara
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawakami
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Isoda
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Ikuzo Kanazawa
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Masaya Mitsuishi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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Sánchez-Vergara ME, Hamui L, Gómez E, Chans GM, Galván-Hidalgo JM. Design of Promising Heptacoordinated Organotin (IV) Complexes-PEDOT: PSS-Based Composite for New-Generation Optoelectronic Devices Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1023. [PMID: 33806246 PMCID: PMC8038072 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of four mononuclear heptacoordinated organotin (IV) complexes of mixed ligands derived from tridentated Schiff bases and pyrazinecarboxylic acid is reported. This organotin (IV) complexes were prepared by using a multicomponent reaction, the reaction proceeds in moderate to good yields (64% to 82%). The complexes were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, 1H, 13C, and 119Sn nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and elemental analysis. The spectroscopic analysis revealed that the tin atom is seven-coordinate in solution and that the carboxyl group acts as monodentate ligand. To determine the effect of the substituent on the optoelectronic properties of the organotin (IV) complexes, thin films were deposited, and the optical bandgap was obtained. A bandgap between 1.88 and 1.98 eV for the pellets and between 1.23 and 1.40 eV for the thin films was obtained. Later, different types of optoelectronic devices with architecture "contacts up/base down" were manufactured and analyzed to compare their electrical behavior. The design was intended to generate a composite based on the synthetized heptacoordinated organotin (IV) complexes embedded on the poly(3,4-ethylenedyoxithiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). A Schottky curve at low voltages (<1.5 mV) and a current density variation of as much as ~3 × 10-5 A/cm2 at ~1.1 mV was observed. A generated photocurrent was of approximately 10-7 A and a photoconductivity between 4 × 10-9 and 7 × 10-9 S/cm for all the manufactured structures. The structural modifications on organotin (IV) complexes were focused on the electronic nature of the substituents and their ability to contribute to the electronic delocalization via the π system. The presence of the methyl group, a modest electron donor, or the non-substitution on the aromatic ring, has a reduced effect on the electronic properties of the molecule. However, a strong effect in the electronic properties of the material can be inferred from the presence of electron-withdrawing substituents like chlorine, able to reduce the gap energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Sánchez-Vergara
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Leon Hamui
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Gómez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Alcaldia Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (G.M.C.); (J.M.G.-H.)
| | - Guillermo M. Chans
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Alcaldia Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (G.M.C.); (J.M.G.-H.)
| | - José Miguel Galván-Hidalgo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Alcaldia Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (G.M.C.); (J.M.G.-H.)
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Kang HS, Kim DH, Kim TW. Organic light-emitting devices based on conducting polymer treated with benzoic acid. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3885. [PMID: 33594127 PMCID: PMC7886878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on the enhanced conductivity of the benzoic-acid-treated poly(3,4-ethlenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) electrode for use in highly flexible, organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). The conductivity of the benzoic-acid-treated PEDOT:PSS electrode increased from 1 to 1583.2 S/cm, in comparison with that of the pristine PEDOT:PSS electrode, due to a complex factor of the H+ mole % and the dielectric constant of the benzoic solution. Among the post-treatment methods of the PEDOT:PSS electrodes, the operating voltage at 1000 cd/m2 of OLEDs fabricated utilizing the PEDOT:PSS electrode with the benzoic acid treatment has the lowest value, and its maximum luminance is 24,400 cd/m2, which are 1.54 and 2.15 times higher than those of OLEDs using PEDOT:PSS electrodes treated with dimethyl sulfoxide and methanol, respectively. The luminance of a flexible OLED with a benzoic-acid-treated PEDOT:PSS electrode after 1400 bending cycles decreased to 83% of the initial luminance, resulting in excellent mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Seung Kang
- Department of Information Display Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Dae Hun Kim
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Tae Whan Kim
- Department of Information Display Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
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Sensitive and selective detection of Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions using Field Effect Transistor (FET) based on L-Cysteine anchored PEDOT:PSS/rGO composite. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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25
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Han W, Ren G, Liu J, Li Z, Bao H, Liu C, Guo W. Recent Progress of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with a Modified PEDOT:PSS Hole Transport Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49297-49322. [PMID: 33089987 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has achieved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.2% in the last 10 years, and the PCE of inverted PSCs has reached >22%. The rapid enhancement has partly benefited from the employment of suitable hole transport layers. Especially, poly(3,4-ethenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most widely used polymer hole transport materials in inverted PSCs, because of its high optical transparency in the visible region and low-temperature processing condition. However, the PCE and stability of PSCs based on pristine PEDOT:PSS are far from satisfactory, which are ascribed to low fitness between PEDOT:PSS and perovskite materials, in terms of work function, conductivity, film growth, and hydrophobicity. This paper summaries recent progress regarding to modifying/remedy the drawbacks of PEDOT:PSS to improve the PCE and stability. The systematically understanding of the mechanism of modified PEDOT:PSS and various characteristic methods are summarized here. This Review has the potential to guide the development of PSCs based on commercial PEDOT:PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuming Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Technology University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhiqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchang Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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Liu H, Liu P, Zhang M, Tian Z, Wang N, Liu Y, Zhang X. Properties of PEDOT nanowire/Te nanowire nanocomposites and fabrication of a flexible thermoelectric generator. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33965-33971. [PMID: 35519064 PMCID: PMC9056714 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02223c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-weight, mechanically flexible, transparent thermoelectric devices are promising as portable, and easy-to-integrate energy sources. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanowires (PEDOT NWs) possessing high electrical conductivity were synthesized by a facile self-assembled micellar soft-template method. And then, Te nanowires (Te NWs) with high Seebeck coefficient were easily synthesized by the solution process and then added as an inorganic filler to form the PEDOT NW/Te NW nanocomposite films via a simple and convenient vacuum filtration method. The thermoelectric (TE) properties of the nanocomposites were characterized in this research. A maximum power factor of 58.03 μW m-1 K-2 is obtained from the film containing 90 wt% Te NWs at room temperature, which is dozens of times that of the pure PEDOT NW film. This work uses the as-prepared PEDOT NWs/Te NW (90 wt%) nanocomposite film to fabricate a flexible thermoelectric generator and an output voltage of 2.8 mV was generated at a temperature difference of 13.5 K between the environment and human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Liu
- Tiangong University No. 399, West Binshui Road, Xi Qing District Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Tiangong University No. 399, West Binshui Road, Xi Qing District Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Tiangong University No. 399, West Binshui Road, Xi Qing District Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Zihan Tian
- Tiangong University No. 399, West Binshui Road, Xi Qing District Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Ning Wang
- Tiangong University No. 399, West Binshui Road, Xi Qing District Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Yanxin Liu
- Tiangong University No. 399, West Binshui Road, Xi Qing District Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Xingxiang Zhang
- Tiangong University No. 399, West Binshui Road, Xi Qing District Tianjin 300387 China
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Hosseini E, Arjmand M, Sundararaj U, Karan K. Filler-Free Conducting Polymers as a New Class of Transparent Electromagnetic Interference Shields. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28596-28606. [PMID: 32459467 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shields are increasingly in demand for medical, military, wireless networks, aerospace electronics, and navigation control systems. To date, researchers have mixed pristine and/or doped conductive polymers with carbon allotropes and metallic fillers to increase the total shielding effectiveness, compromising the transparency, amount of the materials used, and weight of the shields. Obtaining cost-effective and transparent EMI shields without the need to incorporate fillers is extremely desirable. Herein, we implement a design strategy for fabricating a gigahertz (GHz) highly transparent shield made of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The total EMI shielding effectiveness of 15 dB is achieved in the X-band frequency range for a 50 nm ultrathin film with a high transparency of 97.1%. The fabricated filler-free EMI shield holds a record thickness-specific shielding figure-of-merit of 300 dB μm-1-far exceeding the best values for micron-thick silver-, carbon-, and MXene-based composite material shields-with even a higher transparency. The feasibility of the developed filler-free shield for large-scale applications is validated by its integration into a cell phone display glass, as a prototype, in which the EMI shielding effectiveness elevates to 18.3 dB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Hosseini
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada
| | | | - Kunal Karan
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada
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Wang J, Yu H, Hou C, Zhang J. Solution-Processable PEDOT:PSS:α-In 2Se 3 with Enhanced Conductivity as a Hole Transport Layer for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26543-26554. [PMID: 32403929 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets have attracted significant attention in photovoltaic devices in recent years owing to their outstanding photoelectric properties. Herein, 2D α-In2Se3 nanosheets with high conductivity and suitable work function are synthesized by liquid-phase exfoliation method. To ameliorate the low conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) (2.21 × 10-3 S cm-1), α-In2Se3 nanosheets are directly added into PEDOT:PSS to obtain the PEDOT:PSS:α-In2Se3 composite film. The composite film exhibits excellent optical transmittance, suitable work function, and enhanced conductivity (1.54 × 10-2 S cm-1). To profoundly investigate the mechanism of conductivity improvement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and atomic force microscopy are conducted. The results show that the synergistic effect of 2D α-In2Se3 nanosheets and isopropyl alcohol/deionized water cosolvent screens the Coulombic attraction among PEDOT and PSS. The screening effect results in the partial removal of PSS and the benzoid-quinoid transition of PEDOT. In addition, α-In2Se3 nanosheets may serve as physical linkers for PEDOT chains. Both these effects are beneficial to increase the interfacial contact area between PEDOT chains and form a larger conductive network of PEDOT, leading to an enhanced conductivity. The composite film is first employed as a hole transport layer (HTL) in polymer solar cells (PSCs). The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the poly[2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene)-co-(1,3-di(5-thiophene-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PBDB-T):3,9-bis(2-methylene(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)dithieno-[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (ITIC)-based device with composite HTL is 10% higher than that of the unmodified PBDB-T:ITIC-based device, and the maximum PCE of 15.89% is achieved in the (poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)-4-fluorothiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene))-co-(1,3-di(5-thiophene-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PM6):(2,2'-((2Z,2Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2,″3″:4',50]thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile) (Y6) system. More interestingly, the stability of devices with composite HTL is improved owing to the partial removal of PSS. Thus, the PEDOT:PSS:α-In2Se3 composite can be a potential HTL material in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huangzhong Yu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, 523808 Dongguan, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunli Hou
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China
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Panigrahy S, Kandasubramanian B. Polymeric thermoelectric PEDOT: PSS & composites: Synthesis, progress, and applications. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Optimizing the component ratio of PEDOT:PSS by water rinse for high efficiency organic solar cells over 16.7. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:747-752. [PMID: 36659108 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
For the state-of-the-art organic solar cells (OSCs), PEDOT:PSS is the most popularly used hole transport material for the conventional structure. However, it still suffers from several disadvantages, such as low conductivity and harm to ITO due to the acidic PSS. Herein, a simple method is introduced to enhance the conductivity and remove the additional PSS by water rinsing the PEDOT:PSS films. The photovoltaic devices based on the water rinsed PEDOT:PSS present a dramatic improvement in efficiency from 15.98% to 16.75% in comparison to that of the untreated counterparts. Systematic characterization and analysis reveal that although part of the PEDOT:PSS is washed away, it still leaves a smoother film and the ratio of PEDOT to PSS is higher than before in the remaining films. It can greatly improve the conductivity and reduce the damage to substrates. This study demonstrates that finely modifying the charge transport materials to improve conductivity and reduce defeats has great potential for boosting the efficiency of OSCs.
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Eumelanin Precursor 2-Carboxy-5,6-Dihydroxyindole (DHICA) as Doping Factor in Ternary (PEDOT:PSS/Eumelanin) Thin Films for Conductivity Enhancement. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092108. [PMID: 32370189 PMCID: PMC7254328 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The integration of the pristine not-doped commercial poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) PH1000 with eumelanin, the brown to black kind of melanin pigment, was achieved by dissolving the melanogenic precursors 2-carboxy-5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHICA) in the PH1000 suspension. Solid state oxidative polymerization of the catecholic indole allowed obtaining the ternary blend PEDOT:PSS/eumelanin. The introduction of DHICA into PH1000 produced a noticeable increase in the conductivity of PEDOT thin films akin to that produced by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment, opening up novel strategies for the simultaneous integration of eumelanin polymer and conductivity enhancement of PEDOT containing coatings, as well as the long term goal of replacing PSS by DHICA eumelanin for PEDOT pairing.
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Sun Z, Shu M, Li W, Li P, Zhang Y, Yao H, Guan S. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of PEDOT:PSS self-supporting thick films through a binary treatment with polyethylene glycol and water. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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A New Composite Structure of PEDOT/PSS: Macro-Separated Layers by a Polyelectrolyte Brush. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020456. [PMID: 32079081 PMCID: PMC7077716 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene dioxythiophene and polyethylene sulfonic acid (PEDOT/PSS) composite is gathering attention as an organic transparent conductive film material. However, it requires a core-shell structure in which conductive PEDOT is covered with insulating PSS. Providing film formability and a carrier to PEDOT, the PSS shell hinders carrier conduction as an insulating barrier. In this study, we realized that creating a macro-separated PEDOT/PSS composite by using a polyelectrolyte brush substrate and in-situ PEDOT polymerization without the PSS barrier increases durability and conductivity in comparison with commercially available PEDOT/PSS film, achieving a conductivity of 5000-6000 S/cm.
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High Performance Planar Structure Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Solvent Dripping Treatment on Hole Transporting Layer. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cell efficiency is not only related with material properties, but also affected by the interface engineering that used in perovskite solar cells. The perovskite film/electrode interface properties play important roles in charge carrier extraction, transport, and recombination. To achieve better interface contact for the device operation, proper interlayers or surface treatment should be applied. In this study, we applied a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) interlayer with a solvent/solution washing treatment as the hole transport layer. It showed that by the solvent/solution treatment, the PEDOT:PSS film conductivity was significantly enhanced, and hence, the charge carrier transfer efficiency was efficiently improved, and the device short-circuit current density was enlarged. Finally, the device efficiency significantly increased from 14.8% to 16.2%.
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35
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Anitha R, Menon SS, Bhalerao G, Siddham P, Baskar K, Singh S. Electrical properties of nitric acid and DMSO treated PEDOT:PSS/n‐Si hybrid heterostructures for optoelectronic applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Anitha
- Crystal Growth CentreAnna University Chennai 600025 India
| | - Sumithra S. Menon
- Department of PhysicsSree Sankara College Kalady Kerala 683574 India
| | | | | | - K. Baskar
- Crystal Growth CentreAnna University Chennai 600025 India
| | - Shubra Singh
- Crystal Growth CentreAnna University Chennai 600025 India
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Yemata TA, Zheng Y, Kyaw AKK, Wang X, Song J, Chin WS, Xu J. Improved Thermoelectric Properties and Environmental Stability of Conducting PEDOT:PSS Films Post-treated With Imidazolium Ionic Liquids. Front Chem 2020; 7:870. [PMID: 31970148 PMCID: PMC6960405 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most popular conducting polymers and widely used as polymer thermoelectric materials, and its thermoelectric performance could be improved by a variety of post-treatment processes. This paper reported two series of post-treatment methods to enhance the thermoelectric performance. The first series method included pre-treatment of PEDOT:PSS film with formamide, followed by imidazolium-based ionic liquids. The second series method included pre-treatment of PEDOT:PSS film with formamide, followed by sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, and finally imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Two series of post-treatment methods significantly improved the power factor of PEDOT:PSS when compared to that of PEDOT:PSS treated with formamide only. For example, using the first series post-treatment method with 40 vol.% ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide, the Seebeck coefficient of the PEDOT:PSS film increased from 14.9 to 28.5 μV/K although the electrical conductivity reduced from 2,873 to 1,701 S/cm, resulting in a substantial improvement in the overall power factor from 63.6 to 137.8 μW/K2m. The electrical conductivity enhancement in the formamide-treatment process was in part ascribed to the removal of the insulating PSS component. Further treatment of PEDOT:PSS film with ionic liquid caused dedoping of PEDOT and hence increased in Seebeck coefficient. In contrast, second series post-treatment method led to the reduction in electrical conductivity from 2,873 to 641 S/cm but a big improvement in the Seebeck coefficient from 14.9 to 61.1 μV/K and thus the overall power factor reached up to ~239.2 μW/K2m. Apart from the improvement in electrical conductivity, the increase in Seebeck coefficient is on account of the substantial dedoping of PEDOT polymer to its neutral form and thus leads to the big improvement of its Seebeck coefficient. The environmental stability of ionic liquid-treated PEDOT:PSS films were examined. It was found that the ionic liquid treated PEDOT:PSS retained more than 70% Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity at 75% RH humidity and 70°C for 480 h. The improved long-term TE stability is attributed to the strong ionic interaction between sulfonate anions and bulky imidazolium cations that effectively block the penetration of water and lessen the tendency to take up water from the air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Atnafu Yemata
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Zheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aung Ko Ko Kyaw
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xizu Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Song
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Shong Chin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Yemata TA, Zheng Y, Kyaw AKK, Wang X, Song J, Chin WS, Xu J. Modulation of the doping level of PEDOT:PSS film by treatment with hydrazine to improve the Seebeck coefficient. RSC Adv 2020; 10:1786-1792. [PMID: 35494687 PMCID: PMC9047250 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07648d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reported the modulation of the doping level of PEDOT:PSS with hydrazine to remarkably improve its Seebeck coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Atnafu Yemata
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
- Republic of Singapore
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yun Zheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
- Republic of Singapore
| | - Aung Ko Ko Kyaw
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
- Republic of Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
| | - Xizu Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
- Republic of Singapore
| | - Jing Song
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
- Republic of Singapore
| | - Wee Shong Chin
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Republic of Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
- Republic of Singapore
- Department of Chemistry
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Yemata TA, Kyaw AKK, Zheng Y, Wang X, Zhu Q, Chin WS, Xu J. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with long‐term humidity stability via sequential treatment with trifluoroacetic acid. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Atnafu Yemata
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Innovis Singapore Singapore
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Aung Ko Ko Kyaw
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Innovis Singapore Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Yun Zheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Innovis Singapore Singapore
| | - Xizu Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Innovis Singapore Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Innovis Singapore Singapore
| | - Wee Shong Chin
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Innovis Singapore Singapore
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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Lim HC, Hong J. Organogels Based on PEDOT:PSS and Carbon‐dots for Efficient Hole Transport in Organic Photovoltaics. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chul Lim
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong‐In Hong
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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Okutan M, Deligöz H. Effect of external salt addition on the structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of flexible PEDOT:PSS based LbL multilayered films. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Yang Z, Ma J, Bai B, Qiu A, Losic D, Shi D, Chen M. Free-standing PEDOT/polyaniline conductive polymer hydrogel for flexible solid-state supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wang Y, Yang L, Shi XL, Shi X, Chen L, Dargusch MS, Zou J, Chen ZG. Flexible Thermoelectric Materials and Generators: Challenges and Innovations. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807916. [PMID: 31148307 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The urgent need for ecofriendly, stable, long-lifetime power sources is driving the booming market for miniaturized and integrated electronics, including wearable and medical implantable devices. Flexible thermoelectric materials and devices are receiving increasing attention, due to their capability to convert heat into electricity directly by conformably attaching them onto heat sources. Polymer-based flexible thermoelectric materials are particularly fascinating because of their intrinsic flexibility, affordability, and low toxicity. There are other promising alternatives including inorganic-based flexible thermoelectrics that have high energy-conversion efficiency, large power output, and stability at relatively high temperature. Herein, the state-of-the-art in the development of flexible thermoelectric materials and devices is summarized, including exploring the fundamentals behind the performance of flexible thermoelectric materials and devices by relating materials chemistry and physics to properties. By taking insights from carrier and phonon transport, the limitations of high-performance flexible thermoelectric materials and the underlying mechanisms associated with each optimization strategy are highlighted. Finally, the remaining challenges in flexible thermoelectric materials are discussed in conclusion, and suggestions and a framework to guide future development are provided, which may pave the way for a bright future for flexible thermoelectric devices in the energy market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland, 4300, Australia
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Shi
- Materials Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Xun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Lidong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Matthew S Dargusch
- Materials Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and, Manufacturing (AMPAM), the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jin Zou
- Materials Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland, 4300, Australia
- Materials Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Olivares AJ, Cosme I, Sanchez-Vergara ME, Mansurova S, Carrillo JC, Martinez HE, Itzmoyotl A. Nanostructural Modification of PEDOT:PSS for High Charge Carrier Collection in Hybrid Frontal Interface of Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11061034. [PMID: 31212644 PMCID: PMC6630200 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we propose poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) material to form a hybrid heterojunction with amorphous silicon-based materials for high charge carrier collection at the frontal interface of solar cells. The nanostructural characteristics of PEDOT:PSS layers were modified using post-treatment techniques via isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated conformational changes and nanostructural reorganization in the surface of the polymer in order to tailor hybrid interface to be used in the heterojunctions of inorganic solar cells. To prove this concept, hybrid polymer/amorphous silicon solar cells were fabricated. The hybrid PEDOT:PSS/buffer/a-Si:H heterojunction demonstrated high transmittance, reduction of electron diffusion, and enhancement of the internal electric field. Although the structure was a planar superstrate-type configuration and the PEDOT:PSS layer was exposed to glow discharge, the hybrid solar cell reached high efficiency compared to that in similar hybrid solar cells with substrate-type configuration and that in textured well-optimized amorphous silicon solar cells fabricated at low temperature. Thus, we demonstrate that PEDOT:PSS is fully tailored and compatible material with plasma processes and can be a substitute for inorganic p-type layers in inorganic solar cells and related devices with improvement of performance and simplification of fabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Olivares
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, C.P. 72840, Mexico.
| | - Ismael Cosme
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, C.P. 72840, Mexico.
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y tecnología-INAOE, Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla C.P. 72840, Mexico.
| | - Maria Elena Sanchez-Vergara
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Av. Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan C.P. 52786, Mexico.
| | - Svetlana Mansurova
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, C.P. 72840, Mexico.
| | - Julio C Carrillo
- UAM Reynosa-Rodhe, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Carr. Reynosa-San Fernando S/N, Reynosa, Tamaulipas 88779, Mexico.
| | - Hiram E Martinez
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, C.P. 72840, Mexico.
| | - Adrian Itzmoyotl
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, C.P. 72840, Mexico.
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Dauzon E, Mansour AE, Niazi MR, Munir R, Smilgies DM, Sallenave X, Plesse C, Goubard F, Amassian A. Conducting and Stretchable PEDOT:PSS Electrodes: Role of Additives on Self-Assembly, Morphology, and Transport. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:17570-17582. [PMID: 30983315 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The addition of dimethylsulfoxide and Zonyl into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) can be combined to achieve excellent electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. We demonstrate that it is possible to produce highly transparent conducting electrodes (FoM > 35) with low Young's modulus and high carrier density. We investigated the relationship between the transport properties of PEDOT:PSS and the morphology and microstructure of these films by performing Hall effect measurement, atomic force microscopy, and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). Our analysis reveals the distinctive impact of the two additives on the PEDOT and PSS components in the solid-state PEDOT:PSS films. Both additives induce fibrillar formation in the film, and the combination of the two additives only enhances the fibrillary nature and the aggregations of both PEDOT and PSS components of the film. In situ GIWAXS allows to time-resolve the morphology evolution. Our analysis reveals the influence of additives on the aggregation and self-assembly behaviors of the PEDOT and PSS components. Aggregation occurs during the transition from wet to dry film, which is observed exclusively during the thermal annealing step of the as-cast hydrated film. These results indicate that the additives directly influence the self-assembly behaviors of PEDOT and PSS during the ink-to-solid phase transformation of the hydrated film, which occurs primarily during the initial seconds of post-deposition thermal annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Dauzon
- Organic Electronics & Photovoltaics Group, Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces , Université de Cergy-Pontoise , 95000 Cergy , France
| | - Ahmed E Mansour
- Organic Electronics & Photovoltaics Group, Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad R Niazi
- Organic Electronics & Photovoltaics Group, Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahim Munir
- Organic Electronics & Photovoltaics Group, Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Detlef-M Smilgies
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Xavier Sallenave
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces , Université de Cergy-Pontoise , 95000 Cergy , France
| | - Cedric Plesse
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces , Université de Cergy-Pontoise , 95000 Cergy , France
| | - Fabrice Goubard
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces , Université de Cergy-Pontoise , 95000 Cergy , France
| | - Aram Amassian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
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45
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George J, Abdelghani A, Bahoumina P, Tantot O, Baillargeat D, Frigui K, Bila S, Hallil H, Dejous C. CNT-Based Inkjet-Printed RF Gas Sensor: Modification of Substrate Properties during the Fabrication Process. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19081768. [PMID: 31013883 PMCID: PMC6515026 DOI: 10.3390/s19081768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the feasibility of a fully inkjet-printed, microwave flexible gas sensor based on a resonant electromagnetic transducer in microstrip technology and the impact of the printing process that affects the characteristics of the gas sensor. The sensor is fabricated using silver ink and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) embedded in poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene (PEDOT: PSS-MWCNTs) as sensitive material for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) detection. Particular attention is paid to the characterization of the printed materials and the paper substrate. The manufacturing process results in a change in relative permittivity of the paper substrate by nearly 20%. Electrical characterization, made in the presence of gas, validates our theoretical approach and the radiofrequency (RF) gas sensor proof of concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien George
- University of Limoges, CNRS, XLIM UMR 7252, F-87060 Limoges, France.
| | - Aymen Abdelghani
- University of Limoges, CNRS, XLIM UMR 7252, F-87060 Limoges, France.
| | - Prince Bahoumina
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP/CNRS, IMS UMR 5218, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Olivier Tantot
- University of Limoges, CNRS, XLIM UMR 7252, F-87060 Limoges, France.
| | | | - Kamel Frigui
- University of Limoges, CNRS, XLIM UMR 7252, F-87060 Limoges, France.
| | - Stéphane Bila
- University of Limoges, CNRS, XLIM UMR 7252, F-87060 Limoges, France.
| | - Hamida Hallil
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP/CNRS, IMS UMR 5218, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Corinne Dejous
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP/CNRS, IMS UMR 5218, F-33400 Talence, France.
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46
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Pérez GE, Bernardo G, Gaspar H, Cooper JFK, Bastianini F, Parnell AJ, Dunbar ADF. Determination of the Thin-Film Structure of Zwitterion-Doped Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate): A Neutron Reflectivity Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:13803-13811. [PMID: 30880381 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Doping poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is known to improve its conductivity; however, little is known about the thin-film structure of PEDOT:PSS when doped with an asymmetrically charged dopant. In this study, PEDOT:PSS was doped with different concentrations of the zwitterion 3-( N, N dimethylmyristylammonio)propanesulfonate (DYMAP), and its effect on the bulk structure of the films was characterized by neutron reflectivity. The results show that at a low doping concentration, the film separates into a quasi-bilayer structure with lower roughness (10%), increased thickness (18%), and lower electrical conductivity compared to the undoped sample. However, when the doping concentration increases, the film forms into a homogeneous layer and experiences an enhanced conductivity by more than an order of magnitude, a 20% smoother surface, and a 60% thickness increase relative to the pristine sample. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and profilometry measurements confirmed these findings, and the AFM height and phase images showed the gradually increasing presence of DYMAP on the film surface as a function of the concentration. Neutron reflectivity also showed that the quasi-bilayer structure of the lowest concentration-doped PEDOT:PSS is separated by a graded rather than a well-defined interface. Our findings provide an understanding of the layer structure modification for doped PEDOT:PSS films which should prove important for device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Pérez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The University of Sheffield , Sheffield S1 3JD , U.K
| | - Gabriel Bernardo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , The University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7RH , U.K
| | - Hugo Gaspar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , The University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7RH , U.K
| | - Joshaniel F K Cooper
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Didcot OX11 0QX , U.K
| | - Francesco Bastianini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The University of Sheffield , Sheffield S1 3JD , U.K
| | - Andrew J Parnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , The University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7RH , U.K
| | - Alan D F Dunbar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The University of Sheffield , Sheffield S1 3JD , U.K
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47
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Gao J, An Q, Zhang M, Miao J, Ma X, Hu Z, Wang J, Zhang F. One key issue in characterization of organic solar cells with solution processed interfacial layers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:5790-5795. [PMID: 30801601 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00181f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solution processed interfacial layers are commonly employed in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) for better charge collection. PDIN interfacial layers were prepared by employing a static or dynamic spin coating method from PDIN methanol solution, and defined as the S-PDIN or D-PDIN layer. The OSCs with a S-PDIN layer exhibit 13.88% power conversion efficiency (PCE) with a virtual high short circuit density (JSC) of 26.45 mA cm-2 and relatively low fill factor (FF) of 58.94% during the current density versus voltage (J-V) measurement without a shadow mask. 12.56% PCE is achieved for OSCs with a D-PDIN layer, along with a JSC of 18.85 mA cm-2 and FF of 74.88%. Over 77% FFs are obtained for OSCs with a S-PDIN or D-PDIN layer during J-V measurement with a shadow mask, and both OSCs exhibit a very similar JSC and PCE. The virtual high JSCs and relatively low FF of OSCs with a S-PDIN layer may be due to the enhanced conductivity of PEDOT:PSS during preparation of the PDIN layer by the SSC method, which can be further confirmed from the OSCs with a methanol treated PEDOT:PSS layer. This work indicates that a well-balanced JSC and FF should be an important evaluating indicator for efficient OSCs, and an appropriate shadow mask is necessary to measure the J-V curves of OSCs with a solution processed interfacial layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China.
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48
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Paziresh N, Sotzing GA. Semiconductor–Metal Transition in Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(Styrenesulfonate) and its Electrical Conductivity While Being Stretched. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Paziresh
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
| | - Gregory Allen Sotzing
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
- Polymer ProgramInstitute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
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49
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Rwei SP, Lee YH, Shiu JW, Sasikumar R, Shyr UT. Characterization of Solvent-Treated PEDOT:PSS Thin Films with Enhanced Conductivities. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11010134. [PMID: 30960118 PMCID: PMC6401880 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The conducting polymer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most important and intensively investigated organic conducting materials. The PEDOT:PSS water dispersions with various concentrations of poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) solution (PSSAS) were synthesized by 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) in the presence of water. The fabrication of the solvent-treated PEDOT:PSS films through spin coating and solvent treatment processes was achieved with a solvent of pure water mixed with acetone (or MeOH, EtOH) in a ratio of 50:50. Moreover, both the organic solvent and water have synergetic effects while the PSS and PEDOT-attached PSS segments will form a coil-like and a linear (or extended-coil) structure, respectively. That may induce a stacking of the linear and planar PEDOT-attached PSS segments, which favors the formation of a crystalline phase. Finally, the maximum electrical conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS thin films with solvent treatment was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Furthermore, we aimed to explain the synergetic effects of phase separation of the PEDOT:PSS thin films by both the organic solvent and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syang-Peng Rwei
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Huan Lee
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Wei Shiu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Ragu Sasikumar
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Uin-Ting Shyr
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
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50
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A. L. Borges BG, Holakoei S, F. das Neves MF, W. de Menezes LC, de Matos CF, Zarbin AJG, Roman LS, Rocco MLM. Molecular orientation and femtosecond charge transfer dynamics in transparent and conductive electrodes based on graphene oxide and PEDOT:PSS composites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:736-743. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05382k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The combination of PEDOT:PSS and graphene oxide (GO) is an efficient alternative structure for indium tin oxide (ITO) in organic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno G. A. L. Borges
- Institute of Chemistry
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro 21941-909
- Brazil
| | - Soheila Holakoei
- Institute of Chemistry
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro 21941-909
- Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Aldo J. G. Zarbin
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Paraná
- Curitiba 81531-990
- Brazil
| | - Lucimara S. Roman
- Department of Physics
- Federal University of Paraná
- Curitiba 81531-990
- Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza M. Rocco
- Institute of Chemistry
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro 21941-909
- Brazil
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