1
|
Yang G, Gao C, Chen D, Wang J, Huo X, Chen J. Multiplex fluorescence detection of single-cell droplet microfluidics and its application in quantifying protein expression levels. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:064106. [PMID: 38162228 PMCID: PMC10754627 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study presented a platform of multiplex fluorescence detection of single-cell droplet microfluidics with demonstrative applications in quantifying protein expression levels. The platform of multiplex fluorescence detection mainly included optical paths adopted from conventional microscopy enabling the generation of three optical spots from three laser sources for multiple fluorescence excitation and capture of multiple fluorescence signals by four photomultiplier tubes. As to platform characterization, microscopic images of three optical spots were obtained where clear Gaussian distributions of intensities without skewness confirmed the functionality of the scanning lens, while the controllable distances among three optical spots validated the functionality of fiber collimators and the reflector lens. As to demonstration, this platform was used to quantify single-cell protein expression within droplets where four-type protein expression of α-tubulin, Ras, c-Myc, and β-tubulin of CAL 27 (Ncell = 1921) vs WSU-HN6 (Ncell = 1881) were quantitatively estimated, which were (2.85 ± 0.72) × 105 vs (4.83 ± 1.58) × 105, (3.69 ± 1.41) × 104 vs (5.07 ± 2.13) × 104, (5.90 ± 1.45) × 104 vs (9.57 ± 2.85) × 104, and (3.84 ± 1.28) × 105 vs (3.30 ± 1.10) × 105, respectively. Neural pattern recognition was utilized for the classification of cell types, achieving successful rates of 69.0% (α-tubulin), 75.4% (Ras), 89.1% (c-Myc), 65.8% (β-tubulin), and 99.1% in combination, validating the capability of this platform of multiplex fluorescence detection to quantify various types of single-cell proteins, which could provide comprehensive evaluations on cell status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junbo Wang
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| | - Xiaoye Huo
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| | - Jian Chen
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cai J, Cao YB, Leung ELH. Detection of Single Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Multidrug Resistance with Single-Cell Bioanalyzer. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2689:1-11. [PMID: 37430042 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3323-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world. Despite the development of various lung cancer treatment methods, including surgery, radiation therapy, endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy, chemotherapy remains the most common approach for treating cancer. The risk of tumors acquiring resistance to chemotherapy remains a significant hurdle to the use of this approach for the successful treatment of various types of cancer. The majority of cancer-related deaths are related to metastasis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells that have been detached from the primary tumor or have metastasized and entered the circulation. CTCs can cause metastases in various organs by reaching them through the bloodstream. The CTCs exist in peripheral blood as single cells or as oligoclonal clusters of tumor cells along with platelets and lymphocytes. The detection of CTCs is an important component of liquid biopsy which aids in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cancer. Here, we describe a method for extracting CTCs from the tumor of patients and using the microfluidic single-cell technique to study the inhibition of multidrug resistance due to drug efflux on a single cancer cell, to propose novel methods that can provide clinicians with more appropriate choices in their diagnostic and treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cai
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Ya-Bing Cao
- Department of Oncology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China.
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang H, Zhang R, Yang D, Wang X. Discrimination of Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells Achieved Using Single-Cell Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2689:95-106. [PMID: 37430049 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3323-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The biophysical signatures of single cells, such as multidrug resistance (MDR), may easily change during their various disease states. Therefore, there is an ever-growing need for advanced methods to study and analyze the response of cancer cells to therapeutic intervention. To determine the cancer cells and responses to various cancer therapies, from a cell mortality perspective, we report a label-free and real-time method to monitor the in situ responses of ovarian cancer cells using a single-cell bioanalyzer (SCB). The SCB instrument was used to detect different ovarian cancer cells, such as NCI/ADR-RES cells, which are multidrug resistant (MDR), and non-MDR OVCAR-8 cells. The discrimination of ovarian cells has been achieved at the single-cell level by measuring drug accumulation quantitatively in real time, in which the accumulation is high in non-MDR single cells without drug efflux but is low in MDR single cells which are not efflux-free. The SCB was constructed as an inverted microscope for optical imaging and fluorescent measurement of a single cell that was retained in a microfluidic chip. The single ovarian cancer cell retained in the chip offered sufficient fluorescent signals for the SCB to measure the accumulation of daunorubicin (DNR) in the single cell in the absence of cyclosporine A (CsA). The same cell allows us to detect the enhanced drug accumulation due to MDR modulation in the presence of CsA, which is the MDR inhibitor. The measurement of drug accumulation in a cell was achieved after it was captured in the chip for one hour, with the correction of background interference. The detection of accumulation enhancement due to MDR modulation by CsA was determined in terms of either the accumulation rate or enhanced concentration of DNR in the single cell (same cell, p < 0.01). It showed that with the effectiveness of efflux blocking by CsA, the intracellular DNR concentration in a single cell increased by threefold against its same cell control. This single-cell bioanalyzer instrument has the ability to discriminate MDR in different ovarian cells due to drug efflux in them by eliminating the interference of background fluorescence and by using the same cell control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, China.
| | - Runxuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Tavakoli H, Ma L, Li X, Han L, Li X. Immunotherapy discovery on tumor organoid-on-a-chip platforms that recapitulate the tumor microenvironment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114365. [PMID: 35667465 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has achieved remarkable success over the past decade by modulating patients' own immune systems and unleashing pre-existing immunity. However, only a minority of cancer patients across different cancer types are able to benefit from immunotherapy treatment; moreover, among those small portions of patients with response, intrinsic and acquired resistance remains a persistent challenge. Because the tumor microenvironment (TME) is well recognized to play a critical role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and the suppression of the immune system and responses to immunotherapy, understanding the interactions between the TME and the immune system is a pivotal step in developing novel and efficient cancer immunotherapies. With unique features such as low reagent consumption, dynamic and precise fluid control, versatile structures and function designs, and 3D cell co-culture, microfluidic tumor organoid-on-a-chip platforms that recapitulate key factors of the TME and the immune contexture have emerged as innovative reliable tools to investigate how tumors regulate their TME to counteract antitumor immunity and the mechanism of tumor resistance to immunotherapy. In this comprehensive review, we focus on recent advances in tumor organoid-on-a-chip platforms for studying the interaction between the TME and the immune system. We first review different factors of the TME that recent microfluidic in vitro systems reproduce to generate advanced tools to imitate the crosstalk between the TME and the immune system. Then, we discuss their applications in the assessment of different immunotherapies' efficacy using tumor organoid-on-a-chip platforms. Finally, we present an overview and the outlook of engineered microfluidic platforms in investigating the interactions between cancer and immune systems, and the adoption of patient-on-a-chip models in clinical applications toward personalized immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Hamed Tavakoli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Xiaochun Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Lichun Han
- Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Border Biomedical Research Center, Forensic Science, & Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie T, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Feng S, Lin JM. Inkjet-Patterned Microdroplets as Individual Microenvironments for Adherent Single Cell Culture. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107992. [PMID: 35362237 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion of single cells is the foundation of manifold cellular behaviors and life processes. However, investigating the function of a specific cell is still challenging due to deficiency of adhesion or interference from surrounding cells. Herein, an open microfluidic system is reported for culturing adherent single cells, implemented by a micrometer-scale droplet matrix on an inkjet-printed polylysine template. The target cells are isolated from any cell from other droplets, and their adhesion strength is determined to be comparable to conventional petri dishes via an in-situ investigation with a microfluidic extractor. On this proposed platform, isolated single cells are observed to display an entirely distinct spreading behavior featuring total absence of elongation, indicating drastic cell behavior change from their "singleness." This system has high versatility and compatibility for various assaying methods, assuring a promising potential in detailed single cell behavior and cell heterogeneity studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Weifei Zhang
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, N 3rd Ring Road E 18, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Investigating Cancerous Exosomes’ Effects on CD8+ T-Cell IL-2 Production in a 3D Unidirectional Flow Bioreactor Using 3D Printed, RGD-Functionalized PLLA Scaffolds. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13010030. [PMID: 35323230 PMCID: PMC8950614 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes from cancer cells are implicated in cancer progression and metastasis, carrying immunosuppressive factors that limit the antitumor abilities of immune cells. The development of a real-time, 3D cell/scaffold construct flow perfusion system has been explored as a novel tool in the study of T-cells and exosomes from cancer cells. Exosomes from human lung cancer (H1299 and A549) cells were co-cultured in a unidirectional flow bioreactor with CD8+ T-cells immobilized onto 3D-printed RGD-functionalized poly(L-lactic) acid (PLLA) scaffolds and assessed for IL-2 production. The IL-2 production was investigated for a wide range of T-cell to exosome ratios. With the successful incorporation of the RGD binding motif onto the PLLA surface at controllable densities, CD8+ T-cells were successfully attached onto 2D disks and 3D printed porous PLLA scaffolds. T-cell attachment increased with increasing RGD surface density. The diameter of the attached T-cells was 7.2 ± 0.2 µm for RGD densities below 0.5 nmoles/mm2 but dropped to 5.1 ± 0.3 µm when the RGD density was 2 nmoles/mm2 due to overcrowding. The higher the number of cancer exosomes, the less the IL-2 production by the surface-attached T-cells. In 2D disks, the IL-2 production was silenced for T-cell to exosome ratios higher than 1:10 in static conditions. IL-2 production silencing in static 3D porous scaffolds required ratios higher than 1:20. The incorporation of flow resulted in moderate to significant T-cell detachment. The portions of T-cells retained on the 3D scaffolds after exposure for 4 h to 0.15 or 1.5 mL/min of perfusion flow were 89 ± 11% and 30 ± 8%, respectively. On 3D scaffolds and in the presence of flow at 0.15 ml/min, both H1299 and A549 cancerous exosomes significantly suppressed IL-2 production for T-cell to exosome ratios of 1:1000. The much higher level of exosomes needed to silence the IL-2 production from T-cells cultured under unidirectional flow, compared to static conditions, denotes the importance of the culturing conditions and the hydrodynamic environment, on the interactions between CD8+ T-cells and cancer exosomes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen YT, Ramalingam L, Garcia CR, Ding Z, Wu J, Moustaid-Moussa N, Li W. Engineering and Characterization of a Biomimetic Microchip for Differentiating Mouse Adipocytes in a 3D Microenvironment. Pharm Res 2022; 39:329-340. [PMID: 35166994 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures are the standard in cell research, one pivotal disadvantage is the lack of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) signaling in the culture milieu. However, such signals occur in three-dimensional (3D) in vivo environments and are essential for cell differentiation, proliferation, and a range of cellular functions. In this study, we developed a microfluidic device to proliferate and differentiate functional adipose tissue and adipocytes by utilizing 3D cell culture technology. This device was used to generate a tissue-specific 3D microenvironment to differentiate 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into either visceral white adipocytes using visceral adipose tissue (VAT) or subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SAT). The microchip has been tested and validated by functional assessments including cell morphology, inflammatory response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, GLUT4 tracking, and gene expression analyses. The biomimetic microfluidic chip is expected to mimic functional adipose tissues that can replace 2D cell cultures and allow for more accurate analysis of adipose tissue physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Donghu New & High Technology Development Zone, Wuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus, No. 206, Guanggu 1st road, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 807 Canton Ave, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, & Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41270, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Celine R Garcia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 807 Canton Ave, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Zhenya Ding
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 807 Canton Ave, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Jiangyu Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Donghu New & High Technology Development Zone, Wuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus, No. 206, Guanggu 1st road, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China.
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, & Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41270, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 807 Canton Ave, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu X, Huang X, Sun J, Wang R, Yao J, Han W, Wei M, Chen J, Guo J, Sun L, Yin M. Recent progress of inertial microfluidic-based cell separation. Analyst 2021; 146:7070-7086. [PMID: 34761757 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01160j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell separation has consistently been a pivotal technology of sample preparation in biomedical research. Compared with conventional bulky cell separation technologies applied in the clinic, cell separation based on microfluidics can accurately manipulate the displacement of liquid or cells at the microscale, which has great potential in point-of-care testing (POCT) applications due to small device size, low cost, low sample consumption, and high operating accuracy. Among various microfluidic cell separation technologies, inertial microfluidics has attracted great attention due to its simple structure and high throughput. In recent years, many researchers have explored the principles and applications of inertial microfluidics and developed different channel structures, including straight channels, curved channels, and multistage channels. However, the recently developed multistage channels have not been discussed and classified in detail compared with more widely discussed straight and curved channels. Therefore, in this review, a comprehensive and detailed review of recent progress in the multistage channel is presented. According to the channel structure, the inertial microfluidic separation technology is divided into (i) straight channel, (ii) curved channel, (iii) composite channel, and (iv) integrated device. The structural development of straight and curved channels is discussed in detail. And based on straight and curved channels, the multistage cell separation structures are reviewed, with a special focus on a variety of latest structures and related innovations of composite and integrated channels. Finally, the future prospects for the existing challenges in the development of inertial microfluidic cell separation technology are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xiwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Renjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jiangfan Yao
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Wentao Han
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Maoyu Wei
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Ming Yin
- The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu S, Lu S, Sun S, Hai J, Meng G, Wang B. NIR II Light-Response Au Nanoframes: Amplification of a Pressure- and Temperature-Sensing Strategy for Portable Detection and Photothermal Therapy of Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14307-14316. [PMID: 34641676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative detection of cancer cells using portable devices is promising for the development of simple, fast, and point-of-care cancer diagnostic techniques. However, how to further amplify the detection signal to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of detecting cancer cells by portable devices remains a challenge. To solve the problem, we, for the first time, synthesized folic-acid-conjugated Au nanoframes (FA-Au NFs) with amplification of pressure and temperature signals for highly sensitive and accurate detection of cancer cells by portable pressure meters and thermometers. The resulting Au NFs exhibit excellent near-infrared (NIR) photothermal performance and catalase activity, which can promote the decomposition of NH4HCO3 and H2O2 to generate corresponding gases (CO2, NH3, and O2), thereby synergistically amplifying pressure signals in a closed reaction vessel. At the same time, Au NFs with excellent peroxidase-like activity can catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to produce TMB oxide (oxTMB) with a strong photothermal effect, thereby cooperating with Au NFs to amplify the photothermal signal. In the presence of cancer cells with overexpressing folate receptors (FRs), the molecular recognition signals between FA and FR can be converted into amplified pressure and temperature signals, which can be easily read by portable pressure meters and thermometers, respectively. The detection limits for cancer cells using pressure meters and thermometers are 6 and 5 cells/mL, respectively, which are better than other reported methods. Moreover, such Au NFs can improve tumor hypoxia by catalyzing the decomposition of H2O2 to produce O2 and perform photothermal therapy of cancer. Together, our work provides new insight into the application of Au NFs to develop a dual-signal sensing platform with amplification of pressure and temperature signals for portable and ultrasensitive detection of cancer cells as well as personalized cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shihao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Genping Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Baodui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Si H, Du D, Li W, Li Q, Li J, Zhao D, Li L, Tang B. Sputum-Based Tumor Fluid Biopsy: Isolation and High-Throughput Single-Cell Analysis of Exfoliated Tumor Cells for Lung Cancer Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10477-10486. [PMID: 34292723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Timely and effective diagnosis is of great significance for improving the survival rate of lung cancer patients. Although histopathology is the main diagnostic tool among the existing methods for lung cancer diagnosis, it is not suitable for high-risk groups, early lung cancer patients, patients with advanced-stage disease, and other situations wherein tumor tissues cannot be obtained. In view of this, we proposed an innovative lung cancer diagnosis method employing for the first time a microfluidic technology for high-efficiency isolation and high-throughput single-cell analysis of exfoliated tumor cells (ETCs) in sputum. This method fully combines the advantages of traditional sputum cytology and microfluidic technology and realizes the diagnosis of lung cancer by using a small amount of repeatable ETCs instead of the tumor tissue. This method is expected to provide a practical strategy for the non-invasive detection of lung cancer patients and lung cancer screening for high-risk groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Si
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Dexin Du
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qingling Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Dongbo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, P. R. China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang J, Li Y, Wang R, Han C, Xu S, You T, Li Y, Xia J, Xu X, Wang D, Tang H, Yang C, Chen X, Peng Z. A Fully Automated and Integrated Microfluidic System for Efficient CTC Detection and Its Application in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening and Prognosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30174-30186. [PMID: 34142547 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is regarded as a useful diagnostic index to monitor tumor development and guide precision medicine. Although the immunoassay is a common strategy for CTC identification and heterogeneity characterization, it is challenged by poor reaction efficiency and laborious manipulations in microdevices, which hinder the sensitivity, throughput, simplification, and applicability. To meet the need for rapid, sensitive, and simple CTC analysis, we developed an efficient CTC detection system by integrating a 3D printed off-chip multisource reagent platform, a bubble retainer, and a single CTC capture microchip, which can achieve CTC capture and identification within 90 min. Compared with traditional CTC identification methods, this system decreases immunostaining time and antibody consumption by 90% and performs the on-chip immunoassay in a fully automated manner. Using this system, CTCs from the peripheral blood of 19 patients with various cancers were captured, detected, and compared with clinical data. The system shows great potential for early screening, real-time monitoring, and precision medicine for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With the advantages of automation, stability, economy, and user-friendly operation, the proposed system is promising for clinical scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20080, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiquan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Tingting You
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Junjie Xia
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Xing Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Ultrasound, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20080, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rahmanian M, Seyfoori A, Ghasemi M, Shamsi M, Kolahchi AR, Modarres HP, Sanati-Nezhad A, Majidzadeh-A K. In-vitro tumor microenvironment models containing physical and biological barriers for modelling multidrug resistance mechanisms and multidrug delivery strategies. J Control Release 2021; 334:164-177. [PMID: 33895200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complexity and heterogeneity of the three-dimensional (3D) tumor microenvironment have brought challenges to tumor studies and cancer treatment. The complex functions and interactions of cells involved in tumor microenvironment have led to various multidrug resistance (MDR) and raised challenges for cancer treatment. Traditional tumor models are limited in their ability to simulate the resistance mechanisms and not conducive to the discovery of multidrug resistance and delivery processes. New technologies for making 3D tissue models have shown the potential to simulate the 3D tumor microenvironment and identify mechanisms underlying the MDR. This review overviews the main barriers against multidrug delivery in the tumor microenvironment and highlights the advances in microfluidic-based tumor models with the success in simulating several drug delivery barriers. It also presents the progress in modeling various genetic and epigenetic factors involved in regulating the tumor microenvironment as a noticeable insight in 3D microfluidic tumor models for recognizing multidrug resistance and delivery mechanisms. Further correlation between the results obtained from microfluidic drug resistance tumor models and the clinical MDR data would open up avenues to gain insight into the performance of different multidrug delivery treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rahmanian
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Amir Seyfoori
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghasemi
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center (BCRC), Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Milad Shamsi
- Center for BioEngineering Research and Education (CBRE), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ahmad Rezaei Kolahchi
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hassan Pezeshgi Modarres
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- Center for BioEngineering Research and Education (CBRE), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran; Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center (BCRC), Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cancer cell enrichment on a centrifugal microfluidic platform using hydrodynamic and magnetophoretic techniques. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1939. [PMID: 33479404 PMCID: PMC7820336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation of rare cancer cells is one of the important and valuable stages of cancer research. Regarding the rarity of cancer cells in blood samples, it is important to invent an efficient separation device for cell enrichment. In this study, two centrifugal microfluidic devices were designed and fabricated for the isolation of rare cancer cells. The first design (passive plan) employs a contraction–expansion array (CEA) microchannel which is connected to a bifurcation region. This device is able to isolate the target cells through inertial effects and bifurcation law. The second design (hybrid plan) also utilizes a CEA microchannel, but instead of using the bifurcation region, it is reinforced by a stack of two permanent magnets to capture the magnetically labeled target cells at the end of the microchannel. These designs were optimized by numerical simulations and tested experimentally for isolation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells from the population of mouse fibroblast L929 cells. In order to use the hybrid design, magnetite nanoparticles were attached to the MCF-7 cells through specific Ep-CAM antibodies, and two permanent magnets of 0.34 T were utilized at the downstream of the CEA microchannel. These devices were tested at different disk rotational speeds and it was found that the passive design can isolate MCF-7 cells with a recovery rate of 76% for the rotational speed of 2100 rpm while its hybrid counterpart is able to separate the target cells with a recovery rate of 85% for the rotational speed of 1200 rpm. Although the hybrid design of separator has a better separation efficiency and higher purity, the passive one has no need for a time-consuming process of cell labeling, occupies less space on the disk, and does not impose additional costs and complexity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen P, Li S, Guo Y, Zeng X, Liu BF. A review on microfluidics manipulation of the extracellular chemical microenvironment and its emerging application to cell analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1125:94-113. [PMID: 32674786 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal manipulation of extracellular chemical environments with simultaneous monitoring of cellular responses plays an essential role in exploring fundamental biological processes and expands our understanding of underlying mechanisms. Despite the rapid progress and promising successes in manipulation strategies, many challenges remain due to the small size of cells and the rapid diffusion of chemical molecules. Fortunately, emerging microfluidic technology has become a powerful approach for precisely controlling the extracellular chemical microenvironment, which benefits from its integration capacity, automation, and high-throughput capability, as well as its high resolution down to submicron. Here, we summarize recent advances in microfluidics manipulation of the extracellular chemical microenvironment, including the following aspects: i) Spatial manipulation of chemical microenvironments realized by convection flow-, diffusion-, and droplet-based microfluidics, and surface chemical modification; ii) Temporal manipulation of chemical microenvironments enabled by flow switching/shifting, moving/flowing cells across laminar flows, integrated microvalves/pumps, and droplet manipulation; iii) Spatiotemporal manipulation of chemical microenvironments implemented by a coupling strategy and open-space microfluidics; and iv) High-throughput manipulation of chemical microenvironments. Finally, we briefly present typical applications of the above-mentioned technical advances in cell-based analyses including cell migration, cell signaling, cell differentiation, multicellular analysis, and drug screening. We further discuss the future improvement of microfluidics manipulation of extracellular chemical microenvironments to fulfill the needs of biological and biomedical research and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiran Guo
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xie T, Li N, Mao S, Zhang Q, Lin JM. Cell Heterogeneity Revealed by On-Chip Angiogenic Endothelial Cell Migration. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3857-3862. [PMID: 32149212 PMCID: PMC7057352 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In sprouting angiogenesis, a key process involved in the development and the intravasation of tumor tissues, the growth of vessel sprouts, is determined by migration of single endothelial cells (ECs). This paper presents an on-chip assaying method to investigate the migration of individual ECs by simulating vessel sprouts with microchannels. When chemical stimulus is present, ECs were observed to migrate individually toward the source of factors instead of migrating collectively. The validity of this method is shown by inducing EC migration with glioma cell coculture and culture media doped with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165. A positive correlation between cell displacement and VEGF 165 concentration was observed. Difference in migrating ability among cells was reflected by tracking single cells, which could reveal cell heterogeneity in susceptibility to stimulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Xie
- Department of Chemistry,
Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation,
MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Chemistry,
Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation,
MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sifeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry,
Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation,
MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry,
Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation,
MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry,
Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation,
MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Suntornsuk W, Suntornsuk L. Recent applications of paper‐based point‐of‐care devices for biomarker detection. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:287-305. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Worapot Suntornsuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of ScienceKing Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand
| | - Leena Suntornsuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kryou C, Leva V, Chatzipetrou M, Zergioti I. Bioprinting for Liver Transplantation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E95. [PMID: 31658719 PMCID: PMC6956058 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioprinting techniques can be used for the in vitro fabrication of functional complex bio-structures. Thus, extensive research is being carried on the use of various techniques for the development of 3D cellular structures. This article focuses on direct writing techniques commonly used for the fabrication of cell structures. Three different types of bioprinting techniques are depicted: Laser-based bioprinting, ink-jet bioprinting and extrusion bioprinting. Further on, a special reference is made to the use of the bioprinting techniques for the fabrication of 2D and 3D liver model structures and liver on chip platforms. The field of liver tissue engineering has been rapidly developed, and a wide range of materials can be used for building novel functional liver structures. The focus on liver is due to its importance as one of the most critical organs on which to test new pharmaceuticals, as it is involved in many metabolic and detoxification processes, and the toxicity of the liver is often the cause of drug rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kryou
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
| | - Valentina Leva
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
| | | | - Ioanna Zergioti
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tavakoli H, Zhou W, Ma L, Perez S, Ibarra A, Xu F, Zhan S, Li X. Recent advances in microfluidic platforms for single-cell analysis in cancer biology, diagnosis and therapy. Trends Analyt Chem 2019; 117:13-26. [PMID: 32831435 PMCID: PMC7434086 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding molecular, cellular, genetic and functional heterogeneity of tumors at the single-cell level has become a major challenge for cancer research. The microfluidic technique has emerged as an important tool that offers advantages in analyzing single-cells with the capability to integrate time-consuming and labour-intensive experimental procedures such as single-cell capture into a single microdevice at ease and in a high-throughput fashion. Single-cell manipulation and analysis can be implemented within a multi-functional microfluidic device for various applications in cancer research. Here, we present recent advances of microfluidic devices for single-cell analysis pertaining to cancer biology, diagnostics, and therapeutics. We first concisely introduce various microfluidic platforms used for single-cell analysis, followed with different microfluidic techniques for single-cell manipulation. Then, we highlight their various applications in cancer research, with an emphasis on cancer biology, diagnosis, and therapy. Current limitations and prospective trends of microfluidic single-cell analysis are discussed at the end.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Tavakoli
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai
University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Wan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Stefani Perez
- Biomedical Engineering, Border Biomedical Research Center,
Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West
University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Andrea Ibarra
- Biomedical Engineering, Border Biomedical Research Center,
Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West
University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center,
Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Sihui Zhan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai
University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiuJun Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai
University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, Border Biomedical Research Center,
Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West
University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Chen D, Wang K, Wei Y, Xu Y, Huang C, Wang J, Chen J. Crossing constriction channel-based microfluidic cytometry capable of electrically phenotyping large populations of single cells. Analyst 2019; 144:1008-1015. [PMID: 30648705 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02100g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a crossing constriction channel-based microfluidic system for high-throughput characterization of specific membrane capacitance (Csm) and cytoplasm conductivity (σcy) of single cells. In operations, cells in suspension were forced through the major constriction channel and instead of invading the side constriction channel, they effectively sealed the side constriction channel, which led to variations in impedance data. Based on an equivalent circuit model, these raw impedance data were translated into Csm and σcy. As a demonstration, the developed microfluidic system quantified Csm (3.01 ± 0.92 μF cm-2) and σcy (0.36 ± 0.08 S m-1) of 100 000 A549 cells, which could generate reliable results by properly controlling cell positions during their traveling in the crossing constriction channels. Furthermore, the developed microfluidic impedance cytometry was used to distinguish paired low- and high-metastatic carcinoma cell types of SACC-83 (ncell = ∼100 000) and SACC-LM cells (ncell = ∼100 000), distinguishing significant differences in both Csm (3.16 ± 0.90 vs. 2.79 ± 0.67 μF cm-2) and σcy (0.36 ± 0.06 vs.0.41 ± 0.08 S m-1). As high-throughput microfluidic impedance cytometry, this technique may add a new marker-free dimension to flow cytometry in single-cell analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Dynamic in vitro models for tumor tissue engineering. Cancer Lett 2019; 449:178-185. [PMID: 30763717 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer research uses in vitro studies for controllable analysis of tumor behavior and preclinical testing of therapeutics. Shortcomings of basic cell culture systems in recreating in vivo interactions have driven the development of more efficient and biomimetic in vitro environments for cancer research. Assimilation of certain developments in tissue engineering will accelerate and improve the design of these environments. With the continual improvement of the tumor engineering field, the next step is towards macroscopic systems such as scaffold-supported, flow-perfused macroscale tumor bioreactors. Surface modifications of synthetic scaffolds allow for targeted cell adhesion and improved ECM development. Flow perfusion has emerged as means to expose cancerous tissues to critical biomechanical forces for tumor progression while simultaneously improving nutrient and waste transport. Macroscale perfusable systems allow for non-destructive real-time monitoring using biosensors capable of improving understanding of in vitro tumor development at reduced cost and waste. The combination of macroscale perfusable systems, surface-modified synthetic scaffolds, and non-destructive real-time monitoring will provide advanced platforms for in vitro modeling of tumor development, with broad applications in basic tumor research and preclinical drug development.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sharifi Noghabi H, Soo M, Khamenehfar A, Li PC. Dielectrophoretic trapping of single leukemic cells using the conventional and compact optical measurement systems. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1478-1485. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Sharifi Noghabi
- Department of chemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
- Department of chemistryFaculty of SciencesFerdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
| | - Mandy Soo
- Department of chemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - Avid Khamenehfar
- Department of chemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - Paul C.H. Li
- Department of chemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu J, Chen Q, Lin JM. Microfluidic technologies in cell isolation and analysis for biomedical applications. Analyst 2018; 142:421-441. [PMID: 27900377 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01939k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Efficient platforms for cell isolation and analysis play an important role in applied and fundamental biomedical studies. As cells commonly have a size of around 10 microns, conventional handling approaches at a large scale are still challenged in precise control and efficient recognition of cells for further performance of isolation and analysis. Microfluidic technologies have become more prominent in highly efficient cell isolation for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detection, single-cell analysis and stem cell separation, since microfabricated devices allow for the spatial and temporal control of complex biochemistries and geometries by matching cell morphology and hydrodynamic traps in a fluidic network, as well as enabling specific recognition with functional biomolecules in the microchannels. In addition, the fabrication of nano-interfaces in the microchannels has been increasingly emerging as a very powerful strategy for enhancing the capability of cell capture by improving cell-interface interactions. In this review, we focus on highlighting recent advances in microfluidic technologies for cell isolation and analysis. We also describe the general biomedical applications of microfluidic cell isolation and analysis, and finally make a prospective for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qiushui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qiu X, Lombardo JA, Westerhof TM, Pennell M, Ng A, Alshetaiwi H, Luna BM, Nelson EL, Kessenbrock K, Hui EE, Haun JB. Microfluidic filter device with nylon mesh membranes efficiently dissociates cell aggregates and digested tissue into single cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2776-2786. [PMID: 30090895 PMCID: PMC6171522 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tissues are increasingly being analyzed at the single cell level in order to characterize cellular diversity and identify rare cell types. Single cell analysis efforts are greatly limited, however, by the need to first break down tissues into single cell suspensions. Current dissociation methods are inefficient, leaving a significant portion of the tissue as aggregates that are filtered away or left to confound results. Here, we present a simple and inexpensive microfluidic device that simultaneously filters large tissue fragments and dissociates smaller aggregates into single cells, thereby improving single cell yield and purity. The device incorporates two nylon mesh membranes with well-defined, micron-sized pores that operate on aggregates of different size scales. We also designed the device so that the first filtration could be performed under tangential flow to minimize clogging. Using cancer cell lines, we demonstrated that aggregates were effectively dissociated using high flow rates and pore sizes that were smaller than a single cell. However, pore sizes that were less than half the cell size caused significant damage. We then improved results by passing the sample through two filter devices in series, with single cell yield and purity predominantly determined by the pore size of the second membrane. Next, we optimized performance using minced and digested murine kidney tissue samples, and determined that the combination of 50 and 15 μm membranes was optimal. Finally, we integrated these two membranes into a single filter device and performed validation experiments using minced and digested murine kidney, liver, and mammary tumor tissue samples. The dual membrane microfluidic filter device increased single cell numbers by at least 3-fold for each tissue type, and in some cases by more than 10-fold. These results were obtained in minutes without affecting cell viability, and additional filtering would not be required prior to downstream applications. In future work, we will create complete tissue analysis platforms by integrating the dual membrane microfluidic filter device with additional upstream tissue processing technologies, as well as downstream operations such as cell sorting and detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 3107 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shrirao AB, Fritz Z, Novik EM, Yarmush GM, Schloss RS, Zahn JD, Yarmush ML. Microfluidic flow cytometry: The role of microfabrication methodologies, performance and functional specification. TECHNOLOGY 2018; 6:1-23. [PMID: 29682599 PMCID: PMC5907470 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547818300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is an invaluable tool utilized in modern biomedical research and clinical applications requiring high throughput, high resolution particle analysis for cytometric characterization and/or sorting of cells and particles as well as for analyzing results from immunocytometric assays. In recent years, research has focused on developing microfluidic flow cytometers with the motivation of creating smaller, less expensive, simpler, and more autonomous alternatives to conventional flow cytometers. These devices could ideally be highly portable, easy to operate without extensive user training, and utilized for research purposes and/or point-of-care diagnostics especially in limited resource facilities or locations requiring on-site analyses. However, designing a device that fulfills the criteria of high throughput analysis, automation and portability, while not sacrificing performance is not a trivial matter. This review intends to present the current state of the field and provide considerations for further improvement by focusing on the key design components of microfluidic flow cytometers. The recent innovations in particle focusing and detection strategies are detailed and compared. This review outlines performance matrix parameters of flow cytometers that are interdependent with each other, suggesting trade offs in selection based on the requirements of the applications. The ongoing contribution of microfluidics demonstrates that it is a viable technology to advance the current state of flow cytometry and develop automated, easy to operate and cost-effective flow cytometers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil B Shrirao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Zachary Fritz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Eric M Novik
- Hurel Corporation, 671, Suite B, U.S. Highway 1, North Brunswick, NJ 08902
| | - Gabriel M Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Rene S Schloss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Jeffrey D Zahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Qiu X, Huang JH, Westerhof TM, Lombardo JA, Henrikson KM, Pennell M, Pourfard PP, Nelson EL, Nath P, Haun JB. Microfluidic channel optimization to improve hydrodynamic dissociation of cell aggregates and tissue. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2774. [PMID: 29426941 PMCID: PMC5807353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Maximizing the speed and efficiency at which single cells can be liberated from tissues would dramatically advance cell-based diagnostics and therapies. Conventional methods involve numerous manual processing steps and long enzymatic digestion times, yet are still inefficient. In previous work, we developed a microfluidic device with a network of branching channels to improve the dissociation of cell aggregates into single cells. However, this device was not tested on tissue specimens, and further development was limited by high cost and low feature resolution. In this work, we utilized a single layer, laser micro-machined polyimide film as a rapid prototyping tool to optimize the design of our microfluidic channels to maximize dissociation efficiency. This resulted in a new design with smaller dimensions and a shark fin geometry, which increased recovery of single cells from cancer cell aggregates. We then tested device performance on mouse kidney tissue, and found that optimal results were obtained using two microfluidic devices in series, the larger original design followed by the new shark fin design as a final polishing step. We envision our microfluidic dissociation devices being used in research and clinical settings to generate single cells from various tissue specimens for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 9269, USA
| | - Jen-Huang Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Trisha M Westerhof
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jeremy A Lombardo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 9269, USA
| | - Katrina M Henrikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 9269, USA
| | - Marissa Pennell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 9269, USA
| | - Pedram P Pourfard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 9269, USA
| | - Edward L Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Ayala School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Pulak Nath
- Applied Modern Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Jered B Haun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 9269, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang Y, Le Gac S, Terstappen LWMM, Rho HS. Parallel probing of drug uptake of single cancer cells on a microfluidic device. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:548-556. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsun Yang
- Medical Cell BioPhysics Group; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente; The Netherlands
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research Group; MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; The Netherlands
| | - Leon WMM Terstappen
- Medical Cell BioPhysics Group; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente; The Netherlands
| | - Hoon Suk Rho
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research Group; MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hansen CE, Lam WA. Clinical Implications of Single-Cell Microfluidic Devices for Hematological Disorders. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11881-11892. [PMID: 28942646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell microfluidic devices are poised to substantially impact the hematology field by providing a high-throughput and rapid device to analyze disease-mediated biophysical cellular changes in the clinical setting in order to diagnose patients and monitor disease prognosis. In this Feature, we cover recent advances of single-cell microfluidic devices for studying and diagnosing hematological dysfunctions and the clinical impact made possible by these advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Hansen
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shu Y, Chan HN, Guan D, Wu H, Ma L. A simple fabricated thickness-based stiffness gradient for cell studies. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:222-228. [PMID: 36659410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a simple method to fabricate a thickness-based continuous stiffness gradient for biological studies. It was made by glass slides, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pre-polymer, spacer and clips only, without any sophisticated equipment. It is easy to fabricate in any general biological and pharmaceutical laboratories. The stiffness gradient was characterized in terms of apparent Young's modulus by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the Young's modulus along the gradient was found to be 8.5-120kPa, which is within the physiological relevant range. HeLa-C3 cells were cultured on the gradient to study their morphological behavior according to the substrate stiffness. Furthermore, the drug efficiency of etoposide, an anti-cancer drug, was studied along the substrate stiffness gradient. It was found that HeLa-C3 cells cultured on the soft region of the gradient (8.5-11kPa) are more sensitive to etoposide. We believe the proposed device could promote cell investigations and drug screenings on a substrate with comparable stiffness to the native tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Shu
- Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ho Nam Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongshi Guan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lan Ma
- Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dou M, Sanjay ST, Dominguez DC, Liu P, Xu F, Li X. Multiplexed instrument-free meningitis diagnosis on a polymer/paper hybrid microfluidic biochip. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 87:865-873. [PMID: 27657849 PMCID: PMC5125860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis), Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) are three most common pathogens accounting for most bacterial meningitis, a serious global infectious disease with high fatality, especially in developing nations. Because the treatment and antibiotics differ among each type, the identification of the exact bacteria causing the disease is vital. Herein, we report a polymer/paper hybrid microfluidic biochip integrated with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for multiplexed instrument-free diagnosis of these three major types of bacterial meningitis, with high sensitivity and specificity. Results can be visually observed by the naked eye or imaged by a smartphone camera under a portable UV light source. Without using any specialized laboratory instrument, the limits of detection of a few DNA copies per LAMP zone for N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae and Hib were achieved within 1h. In addition, these three types of microorganisms spiked in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) were directly detected simultaneously, avoiding cumbersome sample preparation procedures in conventional methods. Compared with the paper-free non-hybrid microfluidic biochip over a period of three months, the hybrid microfluidic biochip was found to have a much longer shelf life. Hence, this rapid, instrument-free and highly sensitive microfluidic approach has great potential for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of multiple infectious diseases simultaneously, especially in resource-limited settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Sharma T Sanjay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Delfina C Dominguez
- College of Health Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sanjay ST, Dou M, Fu G, Xu F, Li X. Controlled Drug Delivery Using Microdevices. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2016; 17:772-87. [PMID: 26813304 PMCID: PMC5135015 DOI: 10.2174/1389201017666160127110440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drugs administered systematically are evenly distributed to the whole body through blood circulation and have to cross many biological barriers before reaching the pathological site. Conventional drug delivery may make drugs inactive or reduce their potency as they may be hydrolyzed or degraded enzymatically and are rapidly excreted through the urinary system resulting in suboptimal concentration of drugs at the desired site. Controlled drug delivery aims to localize the pharmacological activity of the drug to the desired site at desired release rates. The advances made by micro/nanofluidic technologies have provided new opportunities for better-controlled drug delivery. Various components of a drug delivery system can be integrated within a single tiny micro/nanofluidic chip. This article reviews recent advances of controlled drug delivery made by microfluidic/nanofluidic technologies. We first discuss microreservoir-based drug delivery systems. Then we highlight different kinds of microneedles used for controlled drug delivery, followed with a brief discussion about the current limitations and the future prospects of controlled drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bioluminescence Microscopy as a Method to Measure Single Cell Androgen Receptor Activity Heterogeneous Responses to Antiandrogens. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33968. [PMID: 27678181 PMCID: PMC5039635 DOI: 10.1038/srep33968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell heterogeneity is well-documented. Therefore, techniques to monitor single cell heterogeneous responses to treatment are needed. We developed a highly translational and quantitative bioluminescence microscopy method to measure single cell androgen receptor (AR) activity modulation by antiandrogens from fluid biopsies. We showed that this assay can detect heterogeneous cellular response to drug treatment and that the sum of single cell AR activity can mirror the response in the whole cell population. This method may thus be used to monitor heterogeneous dynamic treatment responses in cancer cells.
Collapse
|
33
|
Sanjay ST, Dou M, Sun J, Li X. A paper/polymer hybrid microfluidic microplate for rapid quantitative detection of multiple disease biomarkers. Sci Rep 2016. [PMID: 27456979 DOI: 10.1038/srep30474+6:30474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is one of the most widely used laboratory disease diagnosis methods. However, performing ELISA in low-resource settings is limited by long incubation time, large volumes of precious reagents, and well-equipped laboratories. Herein, we developed a simple, miniaturized paper/PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) hybrid microfluidic microplate for low-cost, high throughput, and point-of-care (POC) infectious disease diagnosis. The novel use of porous paper in flow-through microwells facilitates rapid antibody/antigen immobilization and efficient washing, avoiding complicated surface modifications. The top reagent delivery channels can simply transfer reagents to multiple microwells thus avoiding repeated manual pipetting and costly robots. Results of colorimetric ELISA can be observed within an hour by the naked eye. Quantitative analysis was achieved by calculating the brightness of images scanned by an office scanner. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) were quantitatively analyzed with good reliability in human serum samples. Without using any specialized equipment, the limits of detection of 1.6 ng/mL for IgG and 1.3 ng/mL for HBsAg were achieved, which were comparable to commercial ELISA kits using specialized equipment. We envisage that this simple POC hybrid microplate can have broad applications in various bioassays, especially in resource-limited settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharma T Sanjay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Maowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA.,Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sanjay ST, Dou M, Sun J, Li X. A paper/polymer hybrid microfluidic microplate for rapid quantitative detection of multiple disease biomarkers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30474. [PMID: 27456979 PMCID: PMC4960536 DOI: 10.1038/srep30474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is one of the most widely used laboratory disease diagnosis methods. However, performing ELISA in low-resource settings is limited by long incubation time, large volumes of precious reagents, and well-equipped laboratories. Herein, we developed a simple, miniaturized paper/PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) hybrid microfluidic microplate for low-cost, high throughput, and point-of-care (POC) infectious disease diagnosis. The novel use of porous paper in flow-through microwells facilitates rapid antibody/antigen immobilization and efficient washing, avoiding complicated surface modifications. The top reagent delivery channels can simply transfer reagents to multiple microwells thus avoiding repeated manual pipetting and costly robots. Results of colorimetric ELISA can be observed within an hour by the naked eye. Quantitative analysis was achieved by calculating the brightness of images scanned by an office scanner. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) were quantitatively analyzed with good reliability in human serum samples. Without using any specialized equipment, the limits of detection of 1.6 ng/mL for IgG and 1.3 ng/mL for HBsAg were achieved, which were comparable to commercial ELISA kits using specialized equipment. We envisage that this simple POC hybrid microplate can have broad applications in various bioassays, especially in resource-limited settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharma T Sanjay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Maowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA.,Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sanjay ST, Dou M, Sun J, Li X. A paper/polymer hybrid microfluidic microplate for rapid quantitative detection of multiple disease biomarkers. Sci Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/srep30474 6:30474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
36
|
Khamenehfar A, Gandhi MK, Chen Y, Hogge DE, Li PCH. Dielectrophoretic Microfluidic Chip Enables Single-Cell Measurements for Multidrug Resistance in Heterogeneous Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient Samples. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5680-8. [PMID: 27149245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The front-line treatment for adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is anthracycline-based combination chemotherapy. However, treatment outcomes remain suboptimal with relapses frequently observed. Among the mechanisms of treatment failure is multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by the ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2 drug-efflux transporters. Although genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity between leukemic blast cells is a well-recognized phenomenon, there remains minimal data on differences in MDR activity at the individual cell level. Specifically, functional assays that can distinguish the variability in MDR activity between individual leukemic blasts are lacking. Here, we outline a new dielectrophoretic (DEP) chip-based assay. This assay permits measurement of drug accumulation in single cells, termed same-single-cell analysis in the accumulation mode (SASCA-A). Initially, the assay was optimized in pretherapy samples from 20 adults with AML whose leukemic blasts had MDR activity against the anthracyline daunorubicin (DNR) tested using multiple MDR inhibitors. Parameters tested were initial drug accumulation, time to achieve signal saturation, fold-increase of DNR accumulation with MDR inhibition, ease of cell trapping, and ease of maintaining the trapped cells stationary. This enabled categorization into leukemic blast cells with MDR activity (MDR(+)) and leukemic blast cells without MDR activity (MDR(-ve)). Leukemic blasts could also be distinguished from benign white blood cells (notably these also lacked MDR activity). MDR(-ve) blasts were observed to be enriched in samples taken from patients who went on to enter complete remission (CR), whereas MDR(+) blasts were frequently observed in patients who failed to achieve CR following front-line chemotherapy. However, pronounced variability in functional MDR activity between leukemic blasts was observed, with MDR(+) cells not infrequently seen in some patients that went on to achieve CR. Next, we tested MDR activity in two paired AML patient samples. Pretherapy samples taken from patients that achieved CR to front-line chemotherapy were compared with samples taken at time of subsequent relapse. MDR(+) cells were frequently observed in leukemic blast cells in both pretherapy and relapsed samples, consistent with MDR as a mechanism of relapse in these patients. We demonstrate the ability of a new DEP microfluidic chip-based assay to identify heterogeneity in MDR activity in leukemic blasts. The test provides a platform for future studies to characterize the mechanistic basis for heterogeneity in MDR activity at the individual cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maher K Gandhi
- The University of Queensland , Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Donna E Hogge
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency , 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dou M, García JM, Zhan S, Li X. Interfacial nano-biosensing in microfluidic droplets for high-sensitivity detection of low-solubility molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3470-3. [PMID: 26759838 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09066k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the properties of the high surface-area-to-volume ratio of microfluidic droplets, we developed an innovative interfacial nanosensing strategy based on aptamer-functionalized graphene oxide nanosensors in microfluidic droplets for the high-sensitivity one-step detection of 17β-estradiol and other low-solubility molecules, with the detection sensitivity improved by about 3 orders of magnitude compared to conventional systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pappas D. Microfluidics and cancer analysis: cell separation, cell/tissue culture, cell mechanics, and integrated analysis systems. Analyst 2016; 141:525-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01778e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Among the growing number of tools available for cancer studies, microfluidic systems have emerged as a promising analytical tool to elucidate cancer cell and tumor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Novo P, Dell'Aica M, Janasek D, Zahedi RP. High spatial and temporal resolution cell manipulation techniques in microchannels. Analyst 2016; 141:1888-905. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00027d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reviewing latest developments on lab on chips for enhanced control of cells’ experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Novo
- Protein Dynamics Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS - e.V
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Margherita Dell'Aica
- Protein Dynamics Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS - e.V
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Dirk Janasek
- Protein Dynamics Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS - e.V
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - René P. Zahedi
- Protein Dynamics Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS - e.V
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sarkar S, Cohen N, Sabhachandani P, Konry T. Phenotypic drug profiling in droplet microfluidics for better targeting of drug-resistant tumors. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4441-50. [PMID: 26456240 PMCID: PMC4666301 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00923e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Acquired drug resistance is a key factor in the failure of chemotherapy. Due to intratumoral heterogeneity, cancer cells depict variations in intracellular drug uptake and efflux at the single cell level, which may not be detectable in bulk assays. In this study we present a droplet microfluidics-based approach to assess the dynamics of drug uptake, efflux and cytotoxicity in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant breast cancer cells. An integrated droplet generation and docking microarray was utilized to encapsulate single cells as well as homotypic cell aggregates. Drug-sensitive cells showed greater death in the presence or absence of Doxorubicin (Dox) compared to the drug-resistant cells. We observed heterogeneous Dox uptake in individual drug-sensitive cells while the drug-resistant cells showed uniformly low uptake and retention. Dox-resistant cells were classified into distinct subsets based on their efflux properties. Cells that showed longer retention of extracellular reagents also demonstrated maximal death. We further observed homotypic fusion of both cell types in droplets, which resulted in increased cell survival in the presence of high doses of Dox. Our results establish the applicability of this microfluidic platform for quantitative drug screening in single cells and multicellular interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115 MA, USA.
| | - N Cohen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115 MA, USA.
| | - P Sabhachandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115 MA, USA.
| | - T Konry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115 MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dou M, Sanjay ST, Benhabib M, Xu F, Li X. Low-cost bioanalysis on paper-based and its hybrid microfluidic platforms. Talanta 2015; 145:43-54. [PMID: 26459442 PMCID: PMC4607929 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost assays have broad applications ranging from human health diagnostics and food safety inspection to environmental analysis. Hence, low-cost assays are especially attractive for rural areas and developing countries, where financial resources are limited. Recently, paper-based microfluidic devices have emerged as a low-cost platform which greatly accelerates the point of care (POC) analysis in low-resource settings. This paper reviews recent advances of low-cost bioanalysis on paper-based microfluidic platforms, including fully paper-based and paper hybrid microfluidic platforms. In this review paper, we first summarized the fabrication techniques of fully paper-based microfluidic platforms, followed with their applications in human health diagnostics and food safety analysis. Then we highlighted paper hybrid microfluidic platforms and their applications, because hybrid platforms could draw benefits from multiple device substrates. Finally, we discussed the current limitations and perspective trends of paper-based microfluidic platforms for low-cost assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Sharma Timilsina Sanjay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | | | - Feng Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049, PR China
| | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sanjay ST, Fu G, Dou M, Xu F, Liu R, Qi H, Li X. Biomarker detection for disease diagnosis using cost-effective microfluidic platforms. Analyst 2015; 140:7062-81. [PMID: 26171467 PMCID: PMC4604043 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00780a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early and timely detection of disease biomarkers can prevent the spread of infectious diseases, and drastically decrease the death rate of people suffering from different diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases. Because conventional diagnostic methods have limited application in low-resource settings due to the use of bulky and expensive instrumentation, simple and low-cost point-of-care diagnostic devices for timely and early biomarker diagnosis is the need of the hour, especially in rural areas and developing nations. The microfluidics technology possesses remarkable features for simple, low-cost, and rapid disease diagnosis. There have been significant advances in the development of microfluidic platforms for biomarker detection of diseases. This article reviews recent advances in biomarker detection using cost-effective microfluidic devices for disease diagnosis, with the emphasis on infectious disease and cancer diagnosis in low-resource settings. This review first introduces different microfluidic platforms (e.g. polymer and paper-based microfluidics) used for disease diagnosis, with a brief description of their common fabrication techniques. Then, it highlights various detection strategies for disease biomarker detection using microfluidic platforms, including colorimetric, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), and electrochemical detection. Finally, it discusses the current limitations of microfluidic devices for disease biomarker detection and future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharma T Sanjay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Khamenehfar A, Beischlag TV, Russell PJ, Ling MTP, Nelson C, Li PCH. Label-free isolation of a prostate cancer cell among blood cells and the single-cell measurement of drug accumulation using an integrated microfluidic chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:064104. [PMID: 26594265 PMCID: PMC4644147 DOI: 10.1063/1.4934715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are found in the blood of patients with cancer. Although these cells are rare, they can provide useful information for chemotherapy. However, isolation of these rare cells from blood is technically challenging because they are small in numbers. An integrated microfluidic chip, dubbed CTC chip, was designed and fabricated for conducting tumor cell isolation. As CTCs usually show multidrug resistance (MDR), the effect of MDR inhibitors on chemotherapeutic drug accumulation in the isolated single tumor cell is measured. As a model of CTC isolation, human prostate cancer cells were mixed with mouse blood cells and the label-free isolation of the tumor cells was conducted based on cell size difference. The major advantages of the CTC chip are the ability for fast cell isolation, followed by multiple rounds of single-cell measurements, suggesting a potential assay for detecting the drug responses based on the liquid biopsy of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Khamenehfar
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - T V Beischlag
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia V5A1S6, Canada
| | - P J Russell
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Department Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology , Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M T P Ling
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Department Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology , Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Department Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology , Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P C H Li
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vaidyanathan R, Dey S, Carrascosa LG, Shiddiky MJA, Trau M. Alternating current electrohydrodynamics in microsystems: Pushing biomolecules and cells around on surfaces. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:061501. [PMID: 26674299 PMCID: PMC4676781 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) deals with the fluid motion induced by an electric field. This phenomenon originally developed in physical science, and engineering is currently experiencing a renaissance in microfluidics. Investigations by Taylor on Gilbert's theory proposed in 1600 have evolved to include multiple contributions including the promising effects arising from electric field interactions with cells and particles to influence their behaviour on electrode surfaces. Theoretical modelling of electric fields in microsystems and the ability to determine shear forces have certainly reached an advanced state. The ability to deftly manipulate microscopic fluid flow in bulk fluid and at solid/liquid interfaces has enabled the controlled assembly, coagulation, or removal of microstructures, nanostructures, cells, and molecules on surfaces. Furthermore, the ability of electrohydrodynamics to generate fluid flow using surface shear forces generated within nanometers from the surface and their application in bioassays has led to recent advancements in biomolecule, vesicle and cellular detection across different length scales. With the integration of Alternating Current Electrohydrodynamics (AC-EHD) in cellular and molecular assays proving to be highly fruitful, challenges still remain with respect to understanding the discrepancies between each of the associated ac-induced fluid flow phenomena, extending their utility towards clinical diagnostic development, and utilising them in tandem as a standard tool for disease monitoring. In this regard, this article will review the history of electrohydrodynamics, followed by some of the recent developments in the field including a new dimension of electrohydrodynamics that deals with the utilization of surface shear forces for the manipulation of biological cells or molecules on electrode surfaces. Recent advances and challenges in the use of electrohydrodynamic forces such as dielectrophoresis and ac electrosmosis for the detection of biological analytes are also reviewed. Additionally, the fundamental mechanisms of fluid flow using electrohydrodynamics forces, which are still evolving, are reviewed. Challenges and future directions are discussed from the perspective of both fundamental understanding and potential applications of these nanoscaled shear forces in diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramanathan Vaidyanathan
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shuvashis Dey
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Laura G Carrascosa
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tsugane M, Uejima E, Suzuki H. Microchamber device for detection of transporter activity of adherent cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:32. [PMID: 25853126 PMCID: PMC4364289 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a method to detect the transporter activity of intact adherent cells using a microchamber device. When adherent cells are seeded onto the poly-di-methyl siloxane substrate having microchambers with openings smaller than the size of a cell, the cells form a confluent layer that covers the microchambers, creating minute, confined spaces. As substances exported across the cell membrane accumulate, transporter activity can be detected by observing the fluorescence intensity increase in the microchamber. We tested the microchamber device with HeLa cells over-expressing MDR1, an ATP-binding cassette transporter, and succeeded in detecting the transport of fluorescence-conjugated paclitaxel, the anti-cancer drug, at the single-cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Tsugane
- Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University , Tokyo , Japan ; Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research and Education, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Etsuko Uejima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research and Education, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University , Tokyo , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Same-single-cell analysis using the microfluidic biochip to reveal drug accumulation enhancement by an amphiphilic diblock copolymer drug formulation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:7071-83. [PMID: 25315452 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major obstacles in drug delivery, and it is usually responsible for unsuccessful cancer treatment. MDR may be overcome by using MDR inhibitors. Among different classes of these inhibitors that block drug efflux mediated by permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp), less toxic amphiphilic diblock copolymers composed of methoxypolyethyleneglycol-block-polycaprolactone (MePEG-b-PCL) have been studied extensively. The purpose of this work is to evaluate how these copolymer molecules can reduce the efflux, thereby enhancing the accumulation of P-gp substrates (e.g., daunorubicin or DNR) in MDR cells. Using conventional methods, it was found that the low-molecular-weight diblock copolymer, MePEG17-b-PCL5 (PCL5), enhanced drug accumulation in MDCKII-MDR1 cells, but the high-molecular-weight version, MePEG114-b-PCL200 (PCL200), did not. However, when PCL200 was mixed with PCL5 (and DNR) in order to encapsulate them to facilitate drug delivery, there was no drug enhancement effect attributable to PCL5, and the reason for this negative result was unclear. Since drug accumulation measured on different cell batches originated from single cells, we employed the same-single-cell analysis in the accumulation mode (SASCA-A) to find out the reason. A microfluidic biochip was used to select single MDR cells, and the accumulation of DNR was fluorescently measured in real time on these cells in the absence and presence of PCL5. The SASCA-A method allowed us to obtain drug accumulation information faster in comparison to conventional assays. The SASCA-A results, and subsequent curve-fitting analysis of the data, have confirmed that when PCL5 was encapsulated in PCL200 nanoparticles as soon as they were synthesized, the ability of PCL5 to enhance DNR accumulation was retained, thus suggesting PCL200 as a promising delivery system for encapsulating P-gp inhibitors, such as PCL5.
Collapse
|
47
|
Dou M, Dominguez DC, Li X, Sanchez J, Scott G. A versatile PDMS/paper hybrid microfluidic platform for sensitive infectious disease diagnosis. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7978-86. [PMID: 25019330 PMCID: PMC4144724 DOI: 10.1021/ac5021694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Bacterial
meningitis is a serious health concern worldwide. Given
that meningitis can be fatal and many meningitis cases occurred in
high-poverty areas, a simple, low-cost, highly sensitive method is
in great need for immediate and early diagnosis of meningitis. Herein,
we report a versatile and cost-effective polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/paper
hybrid microfluidic device integrated with loop-mediated isothermal
amplification (LAMP) for the rapid, sensitive, and instrument-free
detection of the main meningitis-causing bacteria, Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis). The introduction of paper into the microfluidic device for LAMP
reactions enables stable test results over a much longer period of
time than a paper-free microfluidic system. This hybrid system also
offers versatile functions, by providing not only on-site qualitative
diagnostic analysis (i.e., a yes or no answer), but also confirmatory
testing and quantitative analysis in laboratory settings. The limit
of detection of N. meningitidis is
about 3 copies per LAMP zone within 45 min, close to single-bacterium
detection sensitivity. In addition, we have achieved simple pathogenic
microorganism detection without a laborious sample preparation process
and without the use of centrifuges. This low-cost hybrid microfluidic
system provides a simple and highly sensitive approach for fast instrument-free
diagnosis of N. meningitidis in resource-limited
settings. This versatile PDMS/paper microfluidic platform has great
potential for the point of care (POC) diagnosis of a wide range of
infectious diseases, especially for developing nations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry, ‡College of Health Sciences, §Biomedical Engineering, and ∥Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ramji R, Wang M, Bhagat AAS, Tan Shao Weng D, Thakor NV, Teck Lim C, Chen CH. Single cell kinase signaling assay using pinched flow coupled droplet microfluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:034104. [PMID: 24926389 PMCID: PMC4032411 DOI: 10.1063/1.4878635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidics has shown potential in high throughput single cell assays by encapsulating individual cells in water-in-oil emulsions. Ordering cells in a micro-channel is necessary to encapsulate individual cells into droplets further enhancing the assay efficiency. This is typically limited due to the difficulty of preparing high-density cell solutions and maintaining them without cell aggregation in long channels (>5 cm). In this study, we developed a short pinched flow channel (5 mm) to separate cell aggregates and to form a uniform cell distribution in a droplet-generating platform that encapsulated single cells with >55% encapsulation efficiency beating Poisson encapsulation statistics. Using this platform and commercially available Sox substrates (8-hydroxy-5-(N,N-dimethylsulfonamido)-2-methylquinoline), we have demonstrated a high throughput dynamic single cell signaling assay to measure the activity of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in lung cancer cells triggered by cell surface ligand binding. The phosphorylation of the substrates resulted in fluorescent emission, showing a sigmoidal increase over a 12 h period. The result exhibited a heterogeneous signaling rate in individual cells and showed various levels of drug resistance when treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Ramji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575
| | | | | | - Nitish V Thakor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575 ; Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, Singapore 117456
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575 ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575 ; Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, Singapore 117456
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fong EL, Santoro M, Farach-Carson MC, Kasper FK, Mikos AG. TISSUE ENGINEERING PERFUSABLE CANCER MODELS. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2014; 3:112-117. [PMID: 24634812 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of fluid flow on cancer progression is currently not well understood, highlighting the need for perfused tumor models to close this gap in knowledge. Enabling biological processes at the cellular level to be modeled with high spatiotemporal control, microfluidic tumor models have demonstrated applicability as platforms to study cell-cell interactions, effect of interstitial flow on tumor migration and the role of vascular barrier function. To account for the multi-scale nature of cancer growth and invasion, macroscale models are also necessary. The consideration of fluid dynamics within tumor models at both the micro- and macroscopic levels may greatly improve our ability to more fully mimic the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E L Fong
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030
| | - M Santoro
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - M C Farach-Carson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030 ; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251
| | - F K Kasper
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030
| | - A G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030 ; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shen F, Li X, Li PCH. Study of flow behaviors on single-cell manipulation and shear stress reduction in microfluidic chips using computational fluid dynamics simulations. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:014109. [PMID: 24753729 PMCID: PMC3977823 DOI: 10.1063/1.4866358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Various single-cell retention structures (SCRSs) were reported for analysis of single cells within microfluidic devices. Undesirable flow behaviors within micro-environments not only influence single-cell manipulation and retention significantly but also lead to cell damage, biochemical heterogeneity among different individual cells (e.g., different cell signaling pathways induced by shear stress). However, the fundamentals in flow behaviors for single-cell manipulation and shear stress reduction, especially comparison of these behaviors in different microstructures, were not fully investigated in previous reports. Herein, flow distribution and induced shear stress in two different single-cell retention structures (SCRS I and SCRS II) were investigated in detail to study their effects on single-cell trapping using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. The results were successfully verified by experimental results. Comparison between these two SCRS shows that the wasp-waisted configuration of SCRS II has a better performance in trapping and manipulating long cylinder-shaped cardiac myocytes and provides a safer "harbor" for fragile cells to prevent cell damage due to the shear stress induced from strong flows. The simulation results have not only explained flow phenomena observed in experiments but also predict new flow phenomena, providing guidelines for new chip design and optimization, and a better understanding of the cell micro-environment and fundamentals of microfluidic flows in single-cell manipulation and analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shen
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China ; Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Xiujun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA ; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Paul C H Li
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|