1
|
Aparin IO, Proskurin GV, Golovin AV, Ustinov AV, Formanovsky AA, Zatsepin TS, Korshun VA. Fine Tuning of Pyrene Excimer Fluorescence in Molecular Beacons by Alteration of the Monomer Structure. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10015-10024. [PMID: 28856889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide probes labeled with pyrene pairs that form excimers have a number of applications in hybridization analysis of nucleic acids. A long excited state lifetime, large Stokes shift, and chemical stability make pyrene excimer an attractive fluorescent label. Here we report synthesis of chiral phosphoramidite building blocks based on (R)-4-amino-2,2-dimethylbutane-1,3-diol, easily available from an inexpensive d-(-)-pantolactone. 1-Pyreneacetamide, 1-pyrenecarboxamide, and DABCYL derivatives have been used in preparation of molecular beacon (MB) probes labeled with one or two pyrenes/quenchers. We observed significant difference in the excimer emission maxima (475-510 nm; Stokes shifts 125-160 nm or 7520-8960 cm-1) and excimer/monomer ratio (from 0.5 to 5.9) in fluorescence spectra depending on the structure and position of monomers in the pyrene pair. The pyrene excimer formed by two rigid 1-pyrenecarboxamide residues showed the brightest emission. This is consistent with molecular dynamics data on excimer stability. Increase of the excimer fluorescence for MBs after hybridization with DNA was up to 24-fold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya O Aparin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb V Proskurin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Golovin
- Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie gory 1-73, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Alexey V Ustinov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Formanovsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timofei S Zatsepin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , 143026 Skolkovo, Russia
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology , 111123 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie gory 1-73, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics , 119021 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reuss AJ, Grünewald C, Braun M, Engels JW, Wachtveitl J. The Three Possible 2-(Pyrenylethynyl) Adenosines: Rotameric Energy Barriers Govern the Photodynamics of These Structural Isomers. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1369-76. [PMID: 26635201 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive study of the photophysics of 2-(2-pyrenylethynyl) adenosine and 2-(4-pyrenylethynyl) adenosine, which are structural isomers of the well-established fluorescent RNA label 2-(1-pyrenylethynyl) adenosine. We performed steady-state and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy studies along with time-resolved fluorescence emission experiments in different solvents to work out the interplay of locally excited and charge-transfer states. We found the ultrafast photodynamics to be crucial for the fluorescence decay behavior, which extends up to tens of nanoseconds and is partially multi-exponential. These features in the ultrafast dynamics are indicative of the rotational energy barriers in the first excited state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J Reuss
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Grünewald
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Markus Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joachim W Engels
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barrois S, Wörner S, Wagenknecht HA. The role of duplex stability for wavelength-shifting fluorescent DNA probes: energy transfer vs. exciton interactions in DNA "traffic lights". Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 13:1126-9. [PMID: 25000916 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00153b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exciton interactions between thiazole orange and thiazole red as nucleotide substitutes in DNA hairpins interfere with efficient energy transfer and fluorescence color change as readout. This interference can be tuned by two structural parameters that control the hairpin duplex stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Barrois
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gershberg J, Radić Stojković M, Škugor M, Tomić S, Rehm TH, Rehm S, Saha-Möller CR, Piantanida I, Würthner F. Sensing of Double-Stranded DNA/RNA Secondary Structures by Water Soluble Homochiral Perylene Bisimide Dyes. Chemistry 2015; 21:7886-95. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
5
|
Asanuma H, Akahane M, Niwa R, Kashida H, Kamiya Y. Highly Sensitive and Robust Linear Probe for Detection of mRNA in Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4315-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
6
|
Asanuma H, Akahane M, Niwa R, Kashida H, Kamiya Y. Highly Sensitive and Robust Linear Probe for Detection of mRNA in Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
7
|
Winiger CB, Langenegger SM, Calzaferri G, Häner R. Formation of Two Homo-chromophoric H-Aggregates in DNA-Assembled Alternating Dye Stacks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3643-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
8
|
Winiger CB, Langenegger SM, Calzaferri G, Häner R. Formation of Two Homo-chromophoric H-Aggregates in DNA-Assembled Alternating Dye Stacks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
9
|
Winiger CB, Langenegger SM, Khorev O, Häner R. Influence of perylenediimide-pyrene supramolecular interactions on the stability of DNA-based hybrids: Importance of electrostatic complementarity. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:1589-95. [PMID: 25161715 PMCID: PMC4142898 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic π-π stacking interactions are ubiquitous in nature, medicinal chemistry and materials sciences. They play a crucial role in the stacking of nucleobases, thus stabilising the DNA double helix. The following paper describes a series of chimeric DNA-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) hybrids. The PAH building blocks are electron-rich pyrene and electron-poor perylenediimide (PDI), and were incorporated into complementary DNA strands. The hybrids contain different numbers of pyrene-PDI interactions that were found to directly influence duplex stability. As the pyrene-PDI ratio approaches 1:1, the stability of the duplexes increases with an average value of 7.5 °C per pyrene-PDI supramolecular interaction indicating the importance of electrostatic complementarity for aromatic π-π stacking interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian B Winiger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Langenegger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oleg Khorev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Markova LI, Malinovskii VL, Patsenker LD, Häner R. J- vs. H-type assembly: pentamethine cyanine (Cy5) as a near-IR chiroptical reporter. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5298-300. [PMID: 23636273 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The DNA-enabled dimerization of pentamethine cyanine (Cy5) dyes was studied by optical methods. The value of cyanine as a chiroptical reporter using a monomer-to-dimer switch is demonstrated. The specific shape of the CD signal and its high intensity are a result of J-type assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larysa I Markova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
A quencher-free molecular beacon design based on pyrene excimer fluorescence using pyrene-labeled UNA (unlocked nucleic acid). Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6186-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
12
|
Vybornyi M, Rudnev AV, Langenegger SM, Wandlowski T, Calzaferri G, Häner R. Formation of Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Polymers by Amphiphilic Pyrene Oligomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11488-93. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
13
|
Vybornyi M, Rudnev AV, Langenegger SM, Wandlowski T, Calzaferri G, Häner R. Formation of Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Polymers by Amphiphilic Pyrene Oligomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
14
|
Socher E, Knoll A, Seitz O. Dual fluorophore PNA FIT-probes--extremely responsive and bright hybridization probes for the sensitive detection of DNA and RNA. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 10:7363-71. [PMID: 22864341 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25925g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides are commonly employed as probes to detect specific DNA or RNA sequences in homogeneous solution. Useful probes should experience strong increases in fluorescent emission upon hybridization with the target. We developed dual labeled peptide nucleic acid probes, which signal the presence of complementary DNA or RNA by up to 450-fold enhancements of fluorescence intensity. This enabled the very sensitive detection of a DNA target (40 pM LOD), which was detectable at less than 0.1% of the beacon concentration. In contrast to existing DNA-based molecular beacons, this PNA-based method does not require a stem sequence to enforce dye-dye communication. Rather, the method relies on the energy transfer between a "smart" thiazole orange (TO) nucleotide, which requires formation of the probe-target complex in order to become fluorescent, and terminally appended acceptor dyes. To improve upon fluorescence responsiveness the energy pathways were dissected. Hydrophobic, spectrally mismatched dye combinations allowed significant (99.97%) decreases of background emission in the absence of a target. By contrast, spectral overlap between TO donor emission and acceptor excitation enabled extremely bright FRET signals. This and the large apparent Stokes shift (82 nm) suggests potential applications in the detection of specific RNA targets in biogenic matrices without the need of sample pre-processing prior to detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Socher
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kolpashchikov DM. An elegant biosensor molecular beacon probe: challenges and recent solutions. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:928783. [PMID: 24278758 PMCID: PMC3820487 DOI: 10.6064/2012/928783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular beacon (MB) probes are fluorophore- and quencher-labeled short synthetic DNAs folded in a stem-loop shape. Since the first report by Tyagi and Kramer, it has become a widely accepted tool for nucleic acid analysis and triggered a cascade of related developments in the field of molecular sensing. The unprecedented success of MB probes stems from their ability to detect specific DNA or RNA sequences immediately after hybridization with no need to wash out the unbound probe (instantaneous format). Importantly, the hairpin structure of the probe is responsible for both the low fluorescent background and improved selectivity. Furthermore, the signal is generated in a reversible manner; thus, if the analyte is removed, the signal is reduced to the background. This paper highlights the advantages of MB probes and discusses the approaches that address the challenges in MB probe design. Variations of MB-based assays tackle the problem of stem invasion, improve SNP genotyping and signal-to-noise ratio, as well as address the challenges of detecting folded RNA and DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M. Kolpashchikov
- Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32816-2366, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Biner SM, Häner R. DNA Triplex-Mediated Assembly of Polyaromatic Chromophores. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:2485-93. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
17
|
Markova LI, Malinovskii VL, Patsenker LD, Häner R. Synthesis and properties of squaraine-modified DNA. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8944-7. [PMID: 23076304 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26787j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of squaraines into DNA via the phosphoramidite approach is described. High molar absorptivity, environment-sensitive fluorescence properties and intense CD effects render squaraines valuable building blocks for DNA-based optical probes and nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larysa I Markova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fujii T, Hara Y, Osawa T, Kashida H, Liang X, Yoshida Y, Asanuma H. Bulge-like Asymmetric Heterodye Clustering in DNA Duplex Results in Efficient Quenching of Background Emission Based on the Maximized Excitonic Interaction. Chemistry 2012; 18:10865-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
19
|
Görl D, Zhang X, Würthner F. Molecular assemblies of perylene bisimide dyes in water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6328-48. [PMID: 22573415 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Perylene bisimides are among the most valuable functional dyes and have numerous potential applications. As a result of their chemical robustness, photostability, and outstanding optical and electronic properties, these dyes have been applied as pigments, fluorescence sensors, and n-semiconductors in organic electronics and photovoltaics. Moreover, the extended quadrupolar π system of this class of dyes has facilitated the construction of numerous supramolecular architectures with fascinating photophysical properties. However, the supramolecular approach to the formation of perylene bisimide aggregates has been restricted mostly to organic media. Pleasingly, considerable progress has been made in the last few years in developing water-soluble perylene bisimides and their application in aqueous media. This Review provides an up-to-date overview on the self-assembly of perylene bisimides through π-π interactions in aqueous media. Synthetic strategies for the preparation of water-soluble perylene bisimides and the influence of water on the π-π stacking of perylene bisimides as well as the resulting applications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Görl
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Görl D, Zhang X, Würthner F. Molekülverbände von Perylenbisimid-Farbstoffen in Wasser. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
21
|
Holzhauser C, Wagenknecht HA. "DNA traffic lights": concept of wavelength-shifting DNA probes and application in an aptasensor. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1136-8. [PMID: 22532374 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Add it and see it: The concept of "DNA traffic lights" for wavelength-shifting DNA probes has a great potential in the application of biosensors, for example, in DNA aptamers. A visual color change in the DNA aptasensor fluorescence from green to red occurs after specific target binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Holzhauser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Probst M, Wenger D, Biner SM, Häner R. The DNA three-way junction as a mould for tripartite chromophore assembly. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:755-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06400b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
23
|
Rehm TH, Stojković MR, Rehm S, Škugor M, Piantanida I, Würthner F. Interaction of spermine-alanine functionalized perylene bisimide dye aggregates with ds-DNA/RNA secondary structure. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20825c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
24
|
Asanuma H, Akahane M, Kondo N, Osawa T, Kato T, Kashida H. Quencher-free linear probe with multiple fluorophores on an acyclic scaffold. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20732j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
25
|
Huang K, Martí AA. Recent trends in molecular beacon design and applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:3091-102. [PMID: 22159461 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A molecular beacon (MB) is a hairpin-structured oligonucleotide probe containing a photoluminescent species (PLS) and a quencher at different ends of the strand. In a recognition and detection process, the hybridization of MBs with target DNA sequences restores the strong photoluminescence, which is quenched before hybridization. Making better MBs involves reducing the background photoluminescence and increasing the brightness of the PLS, which therefore involves the development of new PLS and quenchers, as well as innovative PLS-quencher systems. Heavy-metal complexes, nanocrystals, pyrene compounds, and other materials with excellent photophysical properties have been applied as PLS of MBs. Nanoparticles, nanowires, graphene, metal films, and many other media have also been introduced to quench photoluminescence. On the basis of their high specificity, selectivity, and sensitivity, MBs are developed as a general platform for sensing, producing, and carrying molecules other than oligonucleotides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 South Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Biner SM, Häner R. A two-color, self-controlled molecular beacon. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2733-6. [PMID: 22076865 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Control yourself! A two-color molecular beacon with non-nucleosidic chromophores in a triplex stem is presented. Pyrene and PDI fluorophores act as mutual quenchers by formation of a donor-acceptor complex in the closed form. Hybridization with the target results in two independent fluorescence signals. The two-color read-out provides a "self-control" feature, which helps to eliminate false positive signals in imaging and screening applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Biner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|