1
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Ma Z, Liu G, Hu N, Chen L, Wei J. pH-induced morphological transition of aggregates formed by miktoarm star polymers in dilute solution: a mesoscopic simulation study. RSC Adv 2024; 14:24240-24249. [PMID: 39101066 PMCID: PMC11295911 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04511d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of miktoarm star polymers μ-A i (B(D)) j C k in a neutral solution and the pH-responsive behaviors of vesicles and spherical micelles in an acidic solution have been investigated by DPD simulation. The results show that the self-assembled morphologies can be regulated by the lengths of pH-responsive arm B and hydrophilic arm C, leading to the formation of vesicles, discoidal micelles, and spherical micelles in a neutral solution. The dynamic evolution pathways of vesicles and spherical micelles are categorized into three stages: nucleation, coalescence, and growth. Subsequently, the pH-responsive behaviors of vesicles and spherical micelles have been explored by tuning the protonation degree of pH-responsive arm B. The vesicles evolves from nanodisks to nanosheets, then to nanoribbons, as the protonation degree increases, corresponding to a decrease in pH value, while the spherical micelles undergoes a transition into worm-like micelles, nanosheets, and nanoribbons. Notably, the electrostatic interaction leads the counterions to form a regular hexagonal pattern in nanosheets, while an alternative distribution of charged beads has been observed in nanoribbons. Furthermore, the role of the electrostatic interaction in the morphological transition has been elucidated through the analysis of the distribution of positive and negative charges, as well as the electrostatic potential for associates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengwei Ma
- College of Science, Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Gaiqin Liu
- College of Science, Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Nan Hu
- College of Science, Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Science, Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Jianwei Wei
- College of Science, Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
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2
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Dutta S, Sing CE. Brownian dynamics simulations of bottlebrush polymers in dilute solution under simple shear and uniaxial extensional flows. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044901. [PMID: 38258921 DOI: 10.1063/5.0177113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We study the dynamics of bottlebrush polymer molecules in dilute solutions subjected to shear and uniaxial extensional flows using Brownian dynamics simulations with hydrodynamic interaction (HI). Bottlebrush polymers are modeled using a coarse-grained representation, consisting of a set of beads interacting pairwise via a purely repulsive potential and connected by finitely extensible nonlinear springs. We present the results for molecular stretching, stress, and solution viscosity during the startup of flow as well as under steady state as a function of side chain length while keeping the backbone length fixed. In extensional flow, the backbone fractional extension and the first normal stress difference decrease with an increase in side chain length at a fixed Weissenberg number (Wi). Using simulation results both in the presence of and in the absence of HI, we show that this is primarily a consequence of steric interaction resulting from the dense grafting of side chains. In shear flow, we observe a shear-thinning behavior in all cases, although it becomes less pronounced with increasing side chain length. Furthermore, nonmonotonicity in the backbone fractional extension is observed under shear, particularly at high Wi. We contextualize our simulation results for bottlebrush polymers with respect to existing studies in the literature for linear polymers and show that the unique dynamical features characterizing bottlebrush polymers arise on account of their additional molecular thickness due to the presence of densely grafted side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Dutta
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Charles E Sing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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3
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Ma Z, Liu Z, Zheng T, Gan Z, Tan R, Dong XH. Discrete Miktoarm Star Block Copolymers with Tailored Molecular Architecture. ACS POLYMERS AU 2023; 3:457-465. [PMID: 38107413 PMCID: PMC10722564 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular architecture is a critical factor in regulating phase behaviors of the block copolymer and prompting the formation of unconventional nanostructures. This work meticulously designed a library of isomeric miktoarm star polymers with an architectural evolution from the linear-branched block copolymer to the miktoarm star block copolymer and to the star-like block copolymer (i.e., 3AB → 3(AB1)B2 → 3(AB)). All of the polymers have precise chemical composition and uniform chain length, eliminating inherent molecular uncertainties such as chain length distribution or architectural defects. The self-assembly behaviors were systematically studied and compared. Gradually increasing the relative length of the branched B1 block regulates the ratio between the bridge and loop configuration and effectively releases packing frustration in the formation of the spherical or cylindrical structures, leading to a substantial deflection of phase boundaries. Complex structures, such as Frank-Kasper phases, were captured at a surprisingly higher volume fraction. Rationally regulating the molecular architecture offers rich possibilities to tune the packing symmetry of block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Ma
- South
China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School
of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhongguo Liu
- South
China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School
of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tianyu Zheng
- South
China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School
of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhanhui Gan
- South
China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School
of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rui Tan
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xue-Hui Dong
- South
China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School
of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials
and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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4
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Xiao CL, Kobayashi Y, Tsuji Y, Harada A, Yamaguchi H. Efficient Synthesis of Cyclic Poly(ethylene glycol)s under High Concentration Conditions by the Assistance of Pseudopolyrotaxane with Cyclodextrin Derivatives. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1498-1502. [PMID: 37874266 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of cyclic polymers (CPs) is in high demand due to their unique properties. However, polymer cyclization generally occurs at low concentrations (0.1 g/L), and the synthesis of CPs at high concentrations remains a challenge. Herein an efficient cyclization of poly(ethylene glycol) (Mn = 2000 g/mol, 4000 g/mol) (PEG-2k, PEG-4k) in high concentration (80 g/L) is realized by the assistance of pseudopolyrotaxane (pPRx). Water-soluble pPRx with a U-like-shape inclusion motif is prepared by mixing the 2-hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPγCD) and PEG with (E)-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate (TCA-PEG-2k, TCA-PEG-4k). Subsequent irradiation of the pPRx solution (10-80 g/L) by UV light gives cyclic polymers through the intramolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of the cinnamoyl moieties. The photoreaction of TCA-PEG-2k in the pPRx system gives cyclic monomers (C-1mer) as major products with a yield of 66% at 80 g/L. Additionally, the cyclization of TCA-PEG-4k also gives C-1mer as major products with a yield of 45% at a concentration of 80 g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Xiao
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kobayashi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI) Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tsuji
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Harada
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yamaguchi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI) Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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5
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Mandal A, Kilbinger AFM. Catalytic Living ROMP: Synthesis of Degradable Star Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1372-1378. [PMID: 37748103 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Star polymers have attracted considerable attention over the past few years due to their distinctive physical and chemical attributes that are different from conventional linear polymers. Here, we present a one-pot synthesis of narrowly dispersed and degradable homoarm and miktoarm star polymers exploiting the catalytic living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) mechanism. Several complex polymeric architectures (such as A3-, A4-, A6-, A2B-, A3B-, and AB2-type star polymers) were synthesized quite straightforwardly by using appropriate vinyl ether chain transfer agents. SEC, 1H NMR, and DOSY NMR spectroscopy were employed to analyze and characterize all of the synthesized polymers. We believe that this sustainable and environmentally friendly synthesis of star polymers could become an important synthetic tool for polymer engineers working on supramolecular, industrial or biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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6
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Huang YS, Ejeta DD, Lin KY(A, Kuo SW, Jamnongkan T, Huang CF. Synthesis of PDMS-μ-PCL Miktoarm Star Copolymers by Combinations ( Є) of Styrenics-Assisted Atom Transfer Radical Coupling and Ring-Opening Polymerization and Study of the Self-Assembled Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2355. [PMID: 37630940 PMCID: PMC10457737 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to their diverse and unique physical properties, miktoarm star copolymers (μ-SCPs) have garnered significant attention. In our study, we employed α-monobomoisobutyryl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-Br) to carry out styrenics-assisted atom transfer radical coupling (SA ATRC) in the presence of 4-vinylbenzyl alcohol (VBA) at 0 °C. By achieving high coupling efficiency (χc = 0.95), we obtained mid-chain functionalized PDMS-VBAm-PDMS polymers with benzylic alcohols. Interestingly, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis revealed the insertion of only two VBA coupling agents (m = 2). Subsequently, the PDMS-VBA2-PDMS products underwent mid-chain extensions using ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) through ring-opening polymerization (ROP) with an efficient organo-catalyst at 40 °C, resulting in the synthesis of novel (PDMS)2-μ-(PCL)2 μ-SCPs. Eventually, novel (PDMS)2-μ-(PCL)2 μ-SCPs were obtained. The obtained PDMS-μ-PCL μ-SCPs were further subjected to examination of their solid-state self-assembly through small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. Notably, various nanostructures, including lamellae and hexagonally packed cylinders, were observed with a periodic size of approximately 15 nm. As a result, we successfully developed a simple and effective reaction combination (Є) strategy (i.e., SA ATRC-Є-ROP) for the synthesis of well-defined PDMS-μ-PCL μ-SCPs. This approach may open up new possibilities for fabricating nanostructures from siloxane-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.H.); (D.D.E.)
| | - Dula Daksa Ejeta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.H.); (D.D.E.)
| | - Kun-Yi (Andrew) Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Tongsai Jamnongkan
- Department of Fundamental Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Chonburi 20230, Thailand
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.H.); (D.D.E.)
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7
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Xue Y, Cao M, Chen C, Zhong M. Design of Microstructure-Engineered Polymers for Energy and Environmental Conservation. JACS AU 2023; 3:1284-1300. [PMID: 37234122 PMCID: PMC10207122 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-growing demand for sustainability, designing polymeric materials using readily accessible feedstocks provides potential solutions to address the challenges in energy and environmental conservation. Complementing the prevailing strategy of varying chemical composition, engineering microstructures of polymer chains by precisely controlling their chain length distribution, main chain regio-/stereoregularity, monomer or segment sequence, and architecture creates a powerful toolbox to rapidly access diversified material properties. In this Perspective, we lay out recent advances in utilizing appropriately designed polymers in a wide range of applications such as plastic recycling, water purification, and solar energy storage and conversion. With decoupled structural parameters, these studies have established various microstructure-function relationships. Given the progress outlined here, we envision that the microstructure-engineering strategy will accelerate the design and optimization of polymeric materials to meet sustainability criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Xue
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Mengxue Cao
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Charles Chen
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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8
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Ahmad Shariff SH, Daik R, Haris MS, Ismail MW. Hydrophobic Drug Carrier from Polycaprolactone- b-Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Star-Shaped Polymers Hydrogel Blend as Potential for Wound Healing Application. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092072. [PMID: 37177238 PMCID: PMC10181117 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Blending hydrogel with an amphiphilic polymer can increase the hydrophobic drug loading and entrapment efficiency of hydrogel-based formulations. In this study, a hydrogel formulation with star-shaped polycaprolactone-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL-b-PEG) as the hydrophobic drug cargo is produced. The 4-arm and 6-arm star-shaped PCL are synthesized with different molecular weights (5000, 10,000, 15,000 g/mol) via ROP and MPEG as the hydrophilic segment is attached via the Steglich esterification. FTIR and 1H-NMR analysis showed the presence of all functional groups for homopolymers and copolymers. Mn for all synthesized polymers is close to the theoretical value while GPC spectra showed a monomodal peak with narrow molecular weight distribution (PDI:1.01-1.25). The thermal degradation temperature and crystalline melting point of synthesized polymers increase with the increase in molecular weight and number of arms. All formulations possess high drug loading and entrapment efficiency (>99%) and increase with increasing molecular weight, number of arms, and amount of polymer in the formulations. All formulations showed a sustained drug release pattern with no initial burst, which follows the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. The polymer hydrogel formulations showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The hydrogel containing 4-arm PCL15k-PEG is chosen as the best formulation due to its high drug release, good antimicrobial activity, and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Hajar Ahmad Shariff
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Rusli Daik
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Salahuddin Haris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
- IKOP Pharma Sdn Bhd, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Wafiuddin Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
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9
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Quaternized Poly( N, N'-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) Star Nanostructures in the Solution and on the Surface. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051260. [PMID: 36904499 PMCID: PMC10007306 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial polymeric materials are promising in the fight against resistant bacteria strains. Amongst them, cationic macromolecules with quaternary ammonium groups are one of intensively studied, as they interact with the bacterial membranes causing cell death. In this work, we propose to use nanostructures composed of polycations with star topology for the preparation of antibacterial materials. First, star polymers of N,N'-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and hydroxyl-bearing oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA-OH) were quaternized with various bromoalkanes and their solution behavior was studied. It was shown that in water two modes of star nanoparticles were observed, of diameters about 30 nm and up to 125 nm, independently of the quaternizing agent. Separately layers of P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA-OH) stars were obtained. In this case, the chemical grafting of polymers to the silicon wafers modified with imidazole derivatives was applied, followed by the quaternization of the amino groups of polycations. A comparison of the quaternary reaction in solution and on the surface showed that in the solution it is influenced by the alkyl chain length of the quaternary agent, while on the surface such relationship is not observed. After physico-chemical characterization of the obtained nanolayers, their biocidal activity was tested against two strains of bacteria E. coli and B. subtilis. The best antibacterial properties exhibited layers quaternized with shorter alkyl bromide, where 100% growth inhibition of E. coli and B. subtilis after 24 h of contact was observed.
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10
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Mendrek B, Oleszko-Torbus N, Teper P, Kowalczuk A. Towards a modern generation of polymer surfaces: nano- and microlayers of star macromolecules and their design for applications in biology and medicine. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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11
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Capelôa L, Schwiertz D, Barz M. Facile Synthesis of AA'B- and ABC-type Polypept(o)ide Miktoarm Star Polymers Utilizing Polysarcosine End Group Functionalization for Core Introduction. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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12
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Ntetsikas K, Ladelta V, Bhaumik S, Hadjichristidis N. Quo Vadis Carbanionic Polymerization? ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 3:158-181. [PMID: 37065716 PMCID: PMC10103213 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Living anionic polymerization will soon celebrate 70 years of existence. This living polymerization is considered the mother of all living and controlled/living polymerizations since it paved the way for their discovery. It provides methodologies for synthesizing polymers with absolute control of the essential parameters that affect polymer properties, including molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, composition and microstructure, chain-end/in-chain functionality, and architecture. This precise control of living anionic polymerization generated tremendous fundamental and industrial research activities, developing numerous important commodity and specialty polymers. In this Perspective, we present the high importance of living anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers by providing some examples of its significant achievements, presenting its current status, giving several insights into where it is going (Quo Vadis) and what the future holds for this powerful synthetic method. Furthermore, we attempt to explore its advantages and disadvantages compared to controlled/living radical polymerizations, the main competitors of living carbanionic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saibal Bhaumik
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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13
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Mandal I, Mandal A, Rahman MA, Kilbinger AFM. Chain transfer agents for the catalytic ring opening metathesis polymerization of norbornenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12469-12478. [PMID: 36382288 PMCID: PMC9629056 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04078f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a detailed study of the metathesis activity of conjugated 1,3 diene derivatives in ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using Grubbs' 3rd generation catalyst (G3). A comprehensive screening of those derivatives revealed that monosubstituted 1,3 dienes show similar reactivities towards G3-alkylidenes as norbornene derivatives. Therefore, they represent perfect candidates for chain transfer agents in a kinetically controlled catalytic ROMP. This unprecedented reactivity allowed us to catalytically synthesize mono-end-functional poly(norborneneimide)s on the gram scale. Much more complex architectures such as star-shaped polymers could also be synthesized catalytically for the very first time via ROMP. This inexpensive and greener route to produce telechelic ROMP polymers was further utilized to synthesize ROMP block copolymers using bifunctional ROMP and ATRP/NCL initiators. Finally, the regioselective reaction of G3 with 1,3 diene derivatives was also exploited in the synthesis of a ROMP-PEG diblock copolymer initiated from a PEG macroinitiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indradip Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Ankita Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Md Atiur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Andreas F M Kilbinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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14
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Herberg A, Kuckling D. Branching analysis of β-cyclodextrin-based poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) star polymers using triple detection SEC. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2022.2110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artjom Herberg
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Dirk Kuckling
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
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15
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Balzade Z, Sharif F, Ghaffarian Anbaran SR. Tailor-Made Functional Polyolefins of Complex Architectures: Recent Advances, Applications, and Prospects. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Balzade
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 158754413, Iran
| | - Farhad Sharif
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 158754413, Iran
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16
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Li B, Wang YL. Self-Assembly of Miktoarm Star Polyelectrolytes in Solutions with Various Ionic Strengths. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20791-20799. [PMID: 35755333 PMCID: PMC9219065 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We studied the self-assembly of miktoarm star polyelectrolytes with different numbers of arms in solutions with various ionic strengths using coarse-grained molecular dynamic simulations. Spherical micelles are obtained for star polyelectrolytes with fewer arms, whereas wormlike clusters are obtained for star polyelectrolytes with more arms at a low ionic strength environment, with hydrophilic arms showing a stretched conformation. The number of clusters shows an overall decreasing tendency with increasing the number of arms in star polyelectrolytes due to strong electrostatic coupling between polycations and polyanions. The formation of wormlike clusters follows an overall stepwise pathway with an intermittent association-dissociation process for star polyelectrolytes with weak electrostatic coupling. These computational results can provide relevant physical insights to understand the self-assembly mechanism of star polyelectrolytes in solvents with various ionic strengths and to design star polyelectrolytes with functional groups that can fine-tune self-assembled structures for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yong-Lei Wang
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Sun Z, Kobori K, Nomura K, Asano MS. Star-Shaped ROMP Polymers Coated with Oligothiophenes That Exhibit Unique Emission. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13270-13279. [PMID: 35474816 PMCID: PMC9026110 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of oligo(thiophene)-modified "soluble" star-shaped ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) polymers were prepared by sequential living ROMP of norbornene and a cross-linking agent using a molybdenum-alkylidene catalyst, followed by Wittig-type coupling for termination with oligo(thiophene) carboxaldehydes. The resultant star-shaped ROMP polymers displayed unique emission properties affected by the core size and arm repeat units as well as the kind of oligothiophene coated. The effects of the thiophene groups on photophysical properties of star-shaped/linear polymers were studied via time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence lifetimes were determined in THF as 400, 640, 730, and 820 ps for Star 3TPh, Linear 3TPh, Star 4T, and Linear 4T, respectively. A significant enhancement of the nonradiative rate constants k nr in the star-shaped polymers results in relatively lower fluorescence quantum yields and shorter fluorescence lifetimes compared to the corresponding linear polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Ken Kobori
- Division
of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Tenjincho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Motoko S. Asano
- Division
of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Tenjincho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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18
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Baghbanbashi M, Kakkar A. Polymersomes: Soft Nanoparticles from Miktoarm Stars for Applications in Drug Delivery. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1687-1703. [PMID: 35157463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of amphiphilic macromolecules has provided an advantageous platform to address significant issues in a variety of areas, including biology. Such soft nanoparticles with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic corona, referred to as micelles, have been extensively investigated for delivering lipophilic therapeutics by physical encapsulation. Polymeric vesicles or polymersomes with similarities in morphology to liposomes continue to play an essential role in understanding the behavior of cell membranes and, in addition, have offered opportunities in designing smart nanoformulations. With the evolution in synthetic methodologies to macromolecular precursors, the construction of such assemblies can now be modulated to tailor their properties to match desired needs. This review brings into focus the current state-of-the-art in the design of polymersomes using amphiphilic miktoarm star polymers through a detailed analysis of the synthesis of miktoarm star polymers with tuned lengths of varied polymeric arms, their self-assembly, and applications in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojhdeh Baghbanbashi
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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19
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Ponjavic M, Nikolic M, Jevtic S, Jeremic S, Djokic L, Djonlagic J. Star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactones) with well-defined architecture as potential drug carriers. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc220202032p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study reported on the potential application of star-shaped
poly(?-caprolactones) with different number of arms as new drug delivery
matrix. Linear and star-shaped PCL ibuprofen loaded microspheres were
prepared using oil-in-water (o/w) solvent evaporation technique and
characterized with FTIR, DSC, XRD and SEM analysis. High yield,
encapsulation efficiency and drug loadings were obtained for all
microspheres. FTIR analysis revealed the existence of interactions between
polymer matrix and drug, while the DSC analysis suggested that drug was
encapsulated in an amorphous form. SEM analysis confirmed that regular,
spherical in shape star-shaped microspheres, with diameter between 80 to 90
?m, were obtained, while quite larger microspheres, 110 ?m, were prepared
from linear PCL. The advantage of using star-shaped PCL microspheres instead
of linear PCL was seen from drug release profiles which demonstrated higher
amount of drug released from star-shaped polymer matrix as a consequence of
their branched, flexible structure. Microspheres prepared from the polymers
with the most branched structure showed the highest amount of released drug
after 24 h. Finally, cytotoxicity tests, performed using normal human
fibroblasts (MRC5), indicated absence of cytotoxicity at lower
concentrations of microspheres proving the great potential of star-shaped
PCL systems in comparison to linear ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Ponjavic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Electrochemistry, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Marija Nikolic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Jevtic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Jeremic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija Djokic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Djonlagic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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20
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Song B, Lu D, Qin A, Tang BZ. Combining Hydroxyl-Yne and Thiol-Ene Click Reactions to Facilely Access Sequence-Defined Macromolecules for High-Density Data Storage. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:1672-1680. [PMID: 34961318 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Through mimicking the synthesis of hereditary-information-containing nucleic acids, scientists are committed to synthesizing sequence-defined macromolecules. Herein, a protecting-group-free, metal-free, and atom-economical chemistry combining hydroxyl-yne and thiol-ene click reactions was developed to efficiently synthesize sequence-defined oligo(monothioacetals) (overall yield of 54% for an 11-step synthesis) from readily available starting compounds and monomers under ambient conditions. The sequences of linear oligo(monothioacetals) could be easily decoded via a tandem ESI-MS/MS technique, making them new kinds of digital macromolecules with a high data storage density (0.013 bit/Da). Moreover, star oligo(monothioacetals) could also be facilely generated through divergent and convergent strategies and their combination. An unprecedented sequence-defined miktoarm star oligo(monothioacetal) was obtained, which could serve as a new nonlinear digital macromolecule to achieve 2D information matrix encoding and hold great potential to be applied for information encryption, anticouterfeiting, secret communication, etc. Thus, this work provides a powerful stepwise iterative approach to facilely access sequence-defined linear and topological oligo(monothioacetals) for high-density data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong 518172, People's Republic of China.,Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
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21
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Liontos G, Manesi GM, Moutsios I, Moschovas D, Piryazev AA, Bersenev EA, Ivanov DA, Avgeropoulos A. Synthesis, Molecular Characterization, and Phase Behavior of Miktoarm Star Copolymers of the ABn and AnB (n = 2 or 3) Sequences, Where A Is Polystyrene and B Is Poly(dimethylsiloxane). Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Liontos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Moutsios
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Piryazev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor A. Bersenev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse─IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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22
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Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Miktoarm Amphiphile for Triggered Intracellular Release of Anti-Cancer Therapeutics. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244418. [PMID: 34960969 PMCID: PMC8705129 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanocarriers have received considerable research attention as putative cancer treatments because their tumor cell targets have high ROS levels. Here, we synthesized a miktoarm amphiphile of dithioketal-linked ditocopheryl polyethylene glycol (DTTP) by introducing ROS-cleavable thioketal groups as linkers between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. We used the product as a carrier for the controlled release of doxorubicin (DOX). DTTP has a critical micelle concentration (CMC) as low as 1.55 μg/mL (4.18 × 10−4 mM), encapsulation efficiency as high as 43.6 ± 0.23% and 14.6 nm particle size. The DTTP micelles were very responsive to ROS and released their DOX loads in a controlled manner. The tocopheryl derivates linked to DTTP generated ROS and added to the intracellular ROS in MCF-7 cancer cells but not in HEK-293 normal cells. In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that DOX-encapsulated DTTP micelles displayed strong antitumor activity but only slightly increased apoptosis in normal cells. This ROS-triggered, self-accelerating drug release device has high therapeutic efficacy and could be a practical new strategy for the clinical application of ROS-responsive drug delivery systems.
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23
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Evans AM, Strauss MJ, Corcos AR, Hirani Z, Ji W, Hamachi LS, Aguilar-Enriquez X, Chavez AD, Smith BJ, Dichtel WR. Two-Dimensional Polymers and Polymerizations. Chem Rev 2021; 122:442-564. [PMID: 34852192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have developed robust methods to synthesize discrete molecules, linear and branched polymers, and disordered cross-linked networks. However, two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) prepared from designed monomers have been long missing from these capabilities, both as objects of chemical synthesis and in nature. Recently, new polymerization strategies and characterization methods have enabled the unambiguous realization of covalently linked macromolecular sheets. Here we review 2DPs and 2D polymerization methods. Three predominant 2D polymerization strategies have emerged to date, which produce 2DPs either as monolayers or multilayer assemblies. We discuss the fundamental understanding and scope of each of these approaches, including: the bond-forming reactions used, the synthetic diversity of 2DPs prepared, their multilayer stacking behaviors, nanoscale and mesoscale structures, and macroscale morphologies. Additionally, we describe the analytical tools currently available to characterize 2DPs in their various isolated forms. Finally, we review emergent 2DP properties and the potential applications of planar macromolecules. Throughout, we highlight achievements in 2D polymerization and identify opportunities for continued study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amanda R Corcos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zoheb Hirani
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Woojung Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Xavier Aguilar-Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anton D Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University,1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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24
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Panchal SS, Vasava DV. Fabricating approaches for synthesis of miktoarm star-shaped polymers having tailored biodegradability. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.1981319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi S. Panchal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Dilip V. Vasava
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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25
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Shahrokhinia A, Biswas P, Reuther JF. Orthogonal synthesis and modification of polymer materials. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shahrokhinia
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - Priyanka Biswas
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
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26
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Lee H, Stryutsky A, Mahmood AU, Singh A, Shevchenko VV, Yingling YG, Tsukruk VV. Weakly Ionically Bound Thermosensitive Hyperbranched Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2913-2927. [PMID: 33621461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized novel amphiphilic hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) with variable contents of weakly ionically tethered thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) macrocations in contrast to traditional covalent linking. Their assembling behavior was studied below and above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The HBPs underwent a morphological transition under changing temperature and ionic strength due to the LCST transition of PNIPAM and the reduction in the ionization degree of terminal ionic groups, respectively. We suggest that, in contrast to traditional branched polymers, ionically linked PNIPAM macrocations can reversibly disassociate from the sulfonate groups and form mobile coronas, endowing the dynamic micellar morphologies. In addition, assembly at the air-water interface confined PNIPAM macrocations and resulted in the formation of heterogeneous Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) monolayers with diverse surface morphologies for different peripheral compositions with circular domains formed in the condensed state. The HBPs with 25% PNIPAM showed larger and more stable circular domains that were partially preserved at high compression than those of HBPs with 50% PNIPAM. Moreover, the LB monolayers showed variable surface mechanical and surface charge distribution, which can be attributed to net dipole redistribution caused by the behavior of mobile PNIPAM macrocations and core sulfonate groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Alexandr Stryutsky
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkivske Shosse 48, Kyiv 02160, Ukraine
| | - Akhlak-Ul Mahmood
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Valery V Shevchenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkivske Shosse 48, Kyiv 02160, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslava G Yingling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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27
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Oliveira ASR, Mendonça PV, Simões S, Serra AC, Coelho JFJ. Amphiphilic well‐defined degradable star block copolymers by combination of ring‐opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization: Synthesis and application as drug delivery carriers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S. R. Oliveira
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Patrícia V. Mendonça
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Sérgio Simões
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Arménio C. Serra
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Jorge F. J. Coelho
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
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28
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Mosselhy DA, Assad M, Sironen T, Elbahri M. Nanotheranostics: A Possible Solution for Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and their Biofilms? NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:E82. [PMID: 33401760 PMCID: PMC7824312 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious pathogen that colonizes implants (orthopedic and breast implants) and wounds with a vicious resistance to antibiotic therapy. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a catastrophe mainly restricted to hospitals and emerged to community reservoirs, acquiring resistance and forming biofilms. Treating biofilms is problematic except via implant removal or wound debridement. Nanoparticles (NPs) and nanofibers could combat superbugs and biofilms and rapidly diagnose MRSA. Nanotheranostics combine diagnostics and therapeutics into a single agent. This comprehensive review is interpretative, utilizing mainly recent literature (since 2016) besides the older remarkable studies sourced via Google Scholar and PubMed. We unravel the molecular S. aureus resistance and complex biofilm. The diagnostic properties and detailed antibacterial and antibiofilm NP mechanisms are elucidated in exciting stories. We highlight the challenges of bacterial infections nanotheranostics. Finally, we discuss the literature and provide "three action appraisals". (i) The first appraisal consists of preventive actions (two wings), avoiding unnecessary hospital visits, hand hygiene, and legislations against over-the-counter antibiotics as the general preventive wing. Our second recommended preventive wing includes preventing the adverse side effects of the NPs from resistance and toxicity by establishing standard testing procedures. These standard procedures should provide breakpoints of bacteria's susceptibility to NPs and a thorough toxicological examination of every single batch of synthesized NPs. (ii) The second appraisal includes theranostic actions, using nanotheranostics to diagnose and treat MRSA, such as what we call "multifunctional theranostic nanofibers. (iii) The third action appraisal consists of collaborative actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A. Mosselhy
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland;
- Microbiological Unit, Fish Diseases Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mhd Assad
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mady Elbahri
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland;
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh Zayed District, Giza 12588, Egypt
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29
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Pang B, Liu R, Han G, Wang W, Zhang W. The synthesis of thermoresponsive POSS-based eight-arm star poly( N-isopropylacrylamide): A comparison between Z-RAFT and R-RAFT strategies. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00087j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Z-Type POSS-based eight-arm star poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), POSS-(PNIPAM)8-Z, is synthesized and demonstrated to be a thermoresponsive switchable emulsifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Guang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials
- Beijing Oriental Yuhong Waterproof Technology Co
- Ltd
- Beijing 100123
- China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry & Material Science
- Langfang Normal University
- Langfang
- China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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30
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Kinsey T, Mapesa EU, Wang W, Hong K, Mays J, Kilbey SM, Sangoro J. Effects of Asymmetric Molecular Architecture on Chain Stretching and Dynamics in Miktoarm Star Copolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kinsey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Emmanuel Urandu Mapesa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jimmy Mays
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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31
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Gadelrab KR, Alexander-Katz A. Effect of Molecular Architecture on the Self-Assembly of Bottlebrush Copolymers. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11519-11529. [PMID: 33267586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of a new architecture of bottlebrush copolymers (BBCPs) self-assembly were studied using self-consistent field theory. In this molecule, a series of AB linear diblock side chains were connected at the diblock junction using a C backbone. The control over the linker length and its chemical nature created an additional constraint on the intrinsic AB diblock microphase separation. Increasing side-chain crowding by increasing the grafting density and total degree of polymerization induced improved phase separation. This was reflected in the overall reduction in the effective interaction parameter between the diblocks as well as the abrupt increase in phase density when crossing the order-disorder transition. Side-chain crowding resulted in an increase in the equilibrium domain spacing compared to a linear diblock. On the other hand, the localization of block C at the AB interface generated a diffuse domain boundary and reduction in side-chain stretching. The unique behavior of BBCPs was observed in 1D confined systems where the molecule showed the natural tendency to orient domains parallel to neutral confinement in contrast to the behavior of confined diblocks. Such behavior largely depended on the degree of incompatibility between the AB blocks and BBCP structure. A ternary phase diagram was constructed for different proportions of each block. Rich morphologies of core-shell domains and tiling patterns were observed including octagonal and pentagonal polygons. The unique architecture of this bottlebrush molecule and its improved nanoscale properties make it an attractive candidate for various applications of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim R Gadelrab
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alfredo Alexander-Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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32
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Tungala K, Kumar K, Sonker E, Krishnamoorthi S. Micellization of amphiphilic host–guest inclusion complexes of polymers based on β–cyclodextrin trimer and adamantane. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Beyer VP, Cattoz B, Becer CR. Thiol-Bromo Click Reaction for One-Pot Synthesis of Star-Shaped Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000519. [PMID: 33210395 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Star-shaped polymers have unique physical properties and they are sought after materials in industry. However, the ease of synthesis is essential for translation of these materials into large-scale applications. Herein, a highly efficient synthetic method to prepare star-shaped polymers by combination of Cu-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (Cu-RDRP) and thiol-bromo click reaction is described. Well-defined linear and block polymers with a very high bromine chain end fidelity are obtained via Cu-RDRP and subsequently react with multi-functional thiol compounds. High coupling efficiencies of larger than 90% are obtained owing to the quick and efficient reaction between thiols and alkyl bromides. Moreover, the arms of the obtained star-shaped polymers are linked via thioether bonds to the core, making them susceptible for oxidative degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Peter Beyer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Beatrice Cattoz
- Milton Hill Business & Technology Centre, Infineum UK Ltd., Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX13 6BB, UK
| | - Caglar Remzi Becer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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34
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Lotocki V, Yazdani H, Zhang Q, Gran ER, Nyrko A, Maysinger D, Kakkar A. Miktoarm Star Polymers with Environment-Selective ROS/GSH Responsive Locations: From Modular Synthesis to Tuned Drug Release through Micellar Partial Corona Shedding and/or Core Disassembly. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000305. [PMID: 33620748 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Branched architectures with asymmetric polymeric arms provide an advantageous platform for the construction of tailored nanocarriers for therapeutic interventions. Simple and adaptable synthetic methodologies to amphiphilic miktoarm star polymers have been developed in which spatial location of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) responsive entities is articulated to be on the corona shell surface or inside the core. The design of such architectures is facilitated through versatile building blocks and selected combinations of ring-opening polymerization, Steglich esterification, and alkyne-azide click reactions. Soft nanoparticles from aqueous self-assembly of these stimuli responsive miktoarm stars have low critical micelle concentrations and high drug loading efficiencies. Partial corona shedding upon response to ROS is accompanied by an increase in drug release, without significant changes to overall micelle morphology. The location of the GSH responsive unit at the core leads to micelle disassembly and complete drug release. Curcumin loaded soft nanoparticles show higher efficiencies in preventing ROS generation in extracellular and cellular environments, and in ROS scavenging in human glioblastoma cells. The ease in synthetic elaboration and an understanding of structure-property relationships in stimuli responsive nanoparticles offer a facile venue for well-controlled drug delivery, based on the extra- and intracellular concentrations of ROS and GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lotocki
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Hossein Yazdani
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Qiaochu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Evan Rizzel Gran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Anastasiia Nyrko
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
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35
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Waibel KA, Moatsou D, Meier MAR. Synthesis and Encapsulation of Uniform Star-Shaped Block-Macromolecules. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000467. [PMID: 33047427 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Linear uniform oligomers synthesized via a two-step iterative cycle are postmodified with uniform octaethylene glycol monomethyl ether and finally coupled via azide-alkyne cycloaddition to yield uniform star-shaped block macromolecules with a mass ranging from 10 to 14 kDa. Each of the molecules is carefully characterized by NMR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to underline their purity as well as their uniformity. The obtained star-shaped macromolecules are investigated in their ability to encapsulate dye molecules by carrying out qualitative solid-liquid phase transfer experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Waibel
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Material Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dafni Moatsou
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Michael A R Meier
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Material Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
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36
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Ponjavic M, Nikolic MS, Stevanovic S, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Jeremic S, Pavic A, Djonlagic J. Hydrolytic degradation of star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone)s with different number of arms and their cytotoxic effects. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911520951826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Star-shaped polymers of biodegradable aliphatic polyester, poly( ε-caprolactone), PCL, with different number of arms (three, four, and six) were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization initiated by multifunctional alcohols used as cores. As potential biomaterials, synthesized star-shaped poly( ε-caprolactone)s, sPCL, were thoroughly characterized in terms of their degradation under different pH conditions and in respect to their cytotoxicity. The in vitro degradation was performed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and hydrochloric acid solution (pH 1.0) over 5 weeks. Degradation of sPCL films was followed by the weight loss measurements, GPC, FTIR, and AFM analysis. While the most of the samples were stable against the abiotic hydrolysis at pH 7.4 after 5 weeks of degradation, degradation was significantly accelerated in the acidic medium. Degradation rate of polymer films was affected by the polymer architecture and molecular weight. The molecular weight profiles during the degradation revealed random chain scission of the ester bonds indicating bulk degradation mechanism of hydrolysis at pH 7.4, while acidic hydrolysis proceeded through the bulk degradation associated with surface erosion, confirmed by AFM. The in vitro toxicity tests, cytotoxicity applying normal human fibroblasts (MRC5) and embryotoxicity assessment (using zebra fish model, Danio rerio), suggested those polymeric materials as suitable for biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Ponjavic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija S Nikolic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stevanovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Sanja Jeremic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Pavic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Djonlagic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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37
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Mejlsøe S, Kakkar A. Telodendrimers: Promising Architectural Polymers for Drug Delivery. Molecules 2020; 25:E3995. [PMID: 32887285 PMCID: PMC7504730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Architectural complexity has played a key role in enhancing the efficacy of nanocarriers for a variety of applications, including those in the biomedical field. With the continued evolution in designing macromolecules-based nanoparticles for drug delivery, the combination approach of using important features of linear polymers with dendrimers has offered an advantageous and viable platform. Such nanostructures, which are commonly referred to as telodendrimers, are hybrids of linear polymers covalently linked with different dendrimer generations and backbones. There is considerable variety in selection from widely studied linear polymers and dendrimers, which can help tune the overall composition of the resulting hybrid structures. This review highlights the advances in articulating syntheses of these macromolecules, and the contributions these are making in facilitating therapeutic administration. Limited progress has been made in the design and synthesis of these hybrid macromolecules, and it is through an understanding of their physicochemical properties and aqueous self-assembly that one can expect to fully exploit their potential in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada;
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38
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Kuznetsov AA, Soldatova AE, Tsegel’skaya AY, Semenova GK. Synthesis of Branched Polyimides of Different Topological Structure. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238220020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Lotocki V, Kakkar A. Miktoarm Star Polymers: Branched Architectures in Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E827. [PMID: 32872618 PMCID: PMC7559275 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivering active pharmaceutical agents to disease sites using soft polymeric nanoparticles continues to be a topical area of research. It is becoming increasingly evident that the composition of amphiphilic macromolecules plays a significant role in developing efficient nanoformulations. Branched architectures with asymmetric polymeric arms emanating from a central core junction have provided a pivotal venue to tailor their key parameters. The build-up of miktoarm stars offers vast polymer arm tunability, aiding in the development of macromolecules with adjustable properties, and allows facile inclusion of endogenous stimulus-responsive entities. Miktoarm star-based micelles have been demonstrated to exhibit denser coronae, very low critical micelle concentrations, high drug loading contents, and sustained drug release profiles. With significant advances in chemical methodologies, synthetic articulation of miktoarm polymer architecture, and determination of their structure-property relationships, are now becoming streamlined. This is helping advance their implementation into formulating efficient therapeutic interventions. This review brings into focus the important discoveries in the syntheses of miktoarm stars of varied compositions, their aqueous self-assembly, and contributions their formulations are making in advancing the field of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada;
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40
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Sun Z, Unruean P, Aoki H, Kitiyanan B, Nomura K. Phenoxide-Modified Half-Titanocenes Supported on Star-Shaped ROMP Polymers as Catalyst Precursors for Ethylene Copolymerization. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Palawat Unruean
- The Petroleum and Petrochemicals College, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hirotaka Aoki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Boonyarach Kitiyanan
- The Petroleum and Petrochemicals College, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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41
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Ramesh K, Mishra AK, Kim JK, Jeong YT, Gal YS, Lim KT. Preparation of Doxorubicin-Loaded Amphiphilic Poly(D,L-Lactide- Co-Glycolide)-b-Poly( N-Acryloylmorpholine) AB 2 Miktoarm Star Block Copolymers for Anticancer Drug Delivery. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3713. [PMID: 32842626 PMCID: PMC7504487 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their unique topology and physical properties, micelles based on miktoarm amphiphilic star block copolymers play an important role in the biomedical field for drug delivery. Herein, we developed a series of AB2-type poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-b-poly(N-acryloyl morpholine) (PLGA-b-PNAM2) miktoarm star block copolymers by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization and ring-opening copolymerization. The resulting miktoarm star polymers were investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The critical micellar concentration value of the micelles increases with an increase in PNAM block length. As revealed by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, the amphiphilic miktoarm star block copolymers can self-assemble to form spherical micellar aggregates in water. The anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated by polymeric micelles; the drug-loading efficiency and drug-loading content of the DOX-loaded micelles were 81.7% and 9.1%, respectively. Acidic environments triggered the dissociation of the polymeric micelles, which led to the more release of DOX in pH 6.4 than pH 7.4. The amphiphilic PLGA-b-PNAM2 miktoarm star block copolymers may have broad application as nanocarriers for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Ramesh
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (K.R.); (Y.T.J.)
| | - Avnish Kumar Mishra
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (A.K.M.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (A.K.M.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Yeon Tae Jeong
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (K.R.); (Y.T.J.)
| | - Yeong-Soon Gal
- Department of Fire Safety, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan 34828, Korea;
| | - Kwon Taek Lim
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (K.R.); (Y.T.J.)
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42
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Sims MB. Controlled radical copolymerization of multivinyl crosslinkers: a robust route to functional branched macromolecules. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Sims
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
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43
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Workineh ZG, Pellicane G, Tsige M. Tuning Solvent Quality Induces Morphological Phase Transitions in Miktoarm Star Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Pellicane
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1 (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico “G.Martino”), 98125 Messina, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 37-98158 Messina, Italy
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Mesfin Tsige
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio United States
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44
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Jiang S, Zheng W, Yang G, Zhu Y, Chen L, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Li Z, Yin G, Li X, Ding H, Chen G, Yang H. Construction of
Metallacycle‐Linked
Heteroarm Star Polymers
via
Orthogonal
Post‐Assembly
Polymerization and Their Intriguing
Self‐Assembly
into
Large‐Area
and Regular Nanocubes
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu‐Ting Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Guang Yang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei Anhui 230036 China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Li‐Jun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Qi‐Feng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Yu‐Xuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Zhen Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | | | | | | | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Hai‐Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
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45
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Sun Z, Wang M, Li Z, Choi B, Mulder RJ, Feng A, Moad G, Thang SH. Versatile Approach for Preparing PVC-Based Mikto-Arm Star Additives Based on RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Mu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bonnie Choi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Roger J. Mulder
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Anchao Feng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Graeme Moad
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - San H. Thang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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46
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Zapsas G, Patil Y, Gnanou Y, Ameduri B, Hadjichristidis N. Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based complex macromolecular architectures: From synthesis to properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Ge Y, Chen C, Sim XM, Zheng J, Goto A. Synthesis of ABC Miktoarm Star Copolymers via Organocatalyzed Living Radical Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900623. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yicen Ge
- Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Chen Chen
- Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Xuan Ming Sim
- Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Jie Zheng
- Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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48
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Augustine D, Hadjichristidis N, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Hydrophilic Stars, Amphiphilic Star Block Copolymers, and Miktoarm Stars with Degradable Polycarbonate Cores. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Augustine
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Yang W, Veroniaina H, Qi X, Chen P, Li F, Ke PC. Soft and Condensed Nanoparticles and Nanoformulations for Cancer Drug Delivery and Repurpose. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020; 3:1900102. [PMID: 34291146 PMCID: PMC8291088 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug repurpose or reposition is recently recognized as a high-performance strategy for developing therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. This approach can significantly reduce the risk of failure, shorten R&D time, and minimize cost and regulatory obstacles. On the other hand, nanotechnology-based delivery systems are extensively investigated in cancer therapy due to their remarkable ability to overcome drug delivery challenges, enhance tumor specific targeting, and reduce toxic side effects. With increasing knowledge accumulated over the past decades, nanoparticle formulation and delivery have opened up a new avenue for repurposing drugs and demonstrated promising results in advanced cancer therapy. In this review, recent developments in nano-delivery and formulation systems based on soft (i.e., DNA nanocages, nanogels, and dendrimers) and condensed (i.e., noble metal nanoparticles and metal-organic frameworks) nanomaterials, as well as their theranostic applications in drug repurpose against cancer are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Xiaole Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn AL 36849, USA
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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50
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Lang C, Kumar M, Hickey RJ. Influence of block sequence on the colloidal self-assembly of poly(norbornene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) amphiphilic block polymers using rapid injection processing. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00954j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A facile self-assembly method, rapid injection, was used to study the self-assembly difference between AB diblock and ABA triblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- 16802 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- 16802 USA
- Materials Research Institute
| | - Robert J. Hickey
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- 16802 USA
- Materials Research Institute
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