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Rizzarelli P, Leanza M, Rapisarda M. Investigations into the characterization, degradation, and applications of biodegradable polymers by mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023. [PMID: 38014928 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have been getting more and more attention because of their contribution to the plastic pollution environmental issues and to move towards a circular economy. Nevertheless, biodegradable materials still exhibit various disadvantages restraining a widespread use in the market. Therefore, additional research efforts are required to improve their performance. Mass spectrometry (MS) affords a relevant contribution to optimize biodegradable polymer synthesis, to confirm macromolecular structures, to examine along the time the progress of degradation processes and highlight advantages and drawbacks in the extensive applications. This review aims to provide an overview of the MS investigations carried out to support the synthesis of biodegradable polymers, with helpful information on undesirable products or polymerization mechanism, to understand deterioration pathways by the structure of degradation products and to follow drug release and pharmacokinetic. Additionally, it summarizes MS studies addressed on environmental and health issues related to the extensive use of plastic materials, that is, potential migration of additives or microplastics identification and quantification. The paper is focused on the most significant studies relating to synthetic and microbial biodegradable polymers published in the last 15 years, not including agro-polymers such as proteins and polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rizzarelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB), ede Secondaria di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Melania Leanza
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB), ede Secondaria di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Rapisarda
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB), ede Secondaria di Catania, Catania, Italy
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2
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Zhang X, Deng S, Jin H, Yu Y, Liao S, Chen X. Synthesis and characterization of an amphoteric resin for use in membrane-free electrodeionization. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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3
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Rizzarelli P, Rapisarda M, Valenti G. Mass spectrometry in bioresorbable polymer development, degradation and drug-release tracking. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34 Suppl 2:e8697. [PMID: 31834664 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A detailed characterization of polymeric matrices and appropriate degradation monitoring techniques are required to sustain the development of new materials as well as to enlarge the applications of the old ones. In fact, polymer analysis is essential for the clarification of the intrinsic relationship between structure and properties that ascertains the industrial applications in diverse fields. In bioresorbable and biodegradable polymers, the role of analytical methods is dual since it is pointed both at the polymeric matrices and at degradation tracking. The structural architectures, the mechanical and morphological properties, and the degradation rate, are of outstanding importance for a specific application. In some cases, the complexity of the polymer structure, the processes of decomposition or the low concentration of the degradation products need the concurrent use of different complementary analytical techniques to give detailed information of the reactions taking place. Several analytical methods are used in bioresorbable polymer development and degradation tracking. Among them, mass spectrometry (MS) plays an essential role and it is used to refine polymer syntheses, for its high sensitivity, to highlight degradation mechanism by detecting compounds present in trace amounts, or to track the degradation product profile and to study drug release. In fact, elucidation of reaction mechanisms and polymer structure, attesting to the purity and detecting defects as well as residual catalysts, in biodegradable and bioresorbable polymers, requires sensitive analytical characterization methods that are essential in providing an assurance of safety, efficacy and quality. This review aims to provide an overview of the MS strategies used to support research and development of resorbable polymers as well as to investigate their degradation mechanisms. It is focused on the most significant studies concerning synthetic bioresorbable matrices (polylactide, polyglycolide and their copolymers, polyhydroxybutyrate, etc.), published in the last ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rizzarelli
- Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gaifami 18, Catania, 95126, Italy
| | - Marco Rapisarda
- Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gaifami 18, Catania, 95126, Italy
| | - Graziella Valenti
- Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gaifami 18, Catania, 95126, Italy
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Kehren D, Lopez CM, Theiler S, Keul H, Möller M, Pich A. Multicompartment aqueous microgels with degradable hydrophobic domains. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Bisagni S, Abolhalaj M, de Brevern AG, Rebehmed J, Hatti-Kaul R, Mamo G. Enhancing the Activity of a Dietzia
sp. D5 Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase towards Cyclohexanone by Saturation Mutagenesis. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bisagni
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry; Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lund University; Box 124 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
- Johnson Matthey; Cambridge Science Park 28 CB4 0FP Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Milad Abolhalaj
- Department of Immunotechnology; Medicon Village; Scheelevägen 2 22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Alexandre G. de Brevern
- Inserm U1134; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne, Paris Cité, UMR_S 1134; Paris France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine; Paris France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex; Paris France
| | - Joseph Rebehmed
- Inserm U1134; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne, Paris Cité, UMR_S 1134; Paris France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine; Paris France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex; Paris France
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics; Lebanese American University; Byblos 1 h401 2010 Lebanon
| | - Rajni Hatti-Kaul
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry; Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lund University; Box 124 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Gashaw Mamo
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry; Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lund University; Box 124 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
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Controlled homoand copolymerization of ε-caprolactone and d,l-lactide in the presence of TiIV complexes. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-0840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Koehler J, Kuehne AJC, Piermattei A, Qiu J, Keul HA, Dirks T, Keul H, Moeller M. Polyglycidol-based metal adhesion promoters. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:804-813. [PMID: 32262171 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01719f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic adhesion promoters that facilitate intimate binding between metals and polymers are an important class of materials with a wide variety of applications in biomedical coatings. Currently, non-poly(meth-)acrylate based hydrophilic polymeric adhesives are unavailable. Here, we report the preparation of such adhesion-promoters based on linear polyglycidol for biomedical applications. The adhesion promoting polymer is prepared from partly phosphonoethylated polyglycidol in three steps. First, the remaining hydroxyl groups of the polyglycidol backbone are reacted with acryloyl chloride; secondly, the phosphonate groups are chemoselectively dealkylated using bromotrimethylsilane. Finally, the bis(trimethylsilyl)phosphonate intermediate is converted to the phosphonic acid through ethanolysis. The reaction conditions of each synthetic step are optimized individually and the products are characterized by 1H, 31P NMR and SEC analysis. The optimized reaction conditions are applied to establish a straightforward one-pot reaction, resulting in an ethanolic formulation of the adhesion promoter, which can be used immediately for the coating application. Special attention is paid to the stability of the intermediates, the chemoselectivity of the reactions and the shelf-life of the product. 1H NMR spectroscopy reveals hydrolytic instability of the product under ambient conditions; however, the polymers are sufficiently stable in dry ethanol for at least 14 days. The combination of this hydrophilic polymer with acrylate and phosphonic acid groups constitutes a versatile platform technology for the preparation of thin primer coatings on metal substrates for biomedical applications. The phosphonic acid residues assure strong binding to stainless steel wires and the acrylates can be addressed by UV light to enable crosslinking, thus improving mechanical stability and adhesion between the substrate and a biomedical hydrogel coating. The quality of the adhesion promotion to stainless steel wires is verified by using a lubricious, hydrogel top coat and by evaluating friction and wear resistance of this total coating system. Constant values for friction and wear are obtained, proving the applicability of phosphonic acid-functionalized polyglycidols as metal adhesion promoters for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Koehler
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University and DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
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Bell CA, Hedir GG, O'Reilly RK, Dove AP. Controlling the synthesis of degradable vinyl polymers by xanthate-mediated polymerization. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01156f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) and 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO), as well as the homopolymerization of MDO in the presence of a p-methoxyphenyl xanthate chain transfer agent (CTA) is reported and comparison of the homopolymerization of MDO with other known xanthates was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Bell
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
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Zhang Y, Liao X, Luo X, Liu S, Yang Q, Li G. Concentric ring-banded spherulites of six-arm star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone) via subcritical CO2. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47503d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Wang ZY, Lim J, Ho YS, Zhang QY, Chong MSK, Tang M, Hong MH, Chan JKY, Teoh SH, Thian ES. Biomimetic three-dimensional anisotropic geometries by uniaxial stretching of poly(ε-caprolactone) films: degradation and mesenchymal stem cell responses. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2197-207. [PMID: 23907895 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Geometric cues have been used for a variety of cell regulation and tissue regenerative applications. While the function of geometric cues is being recognized, their stability and degradation behaviors are not well known. Here, we studied the influence of degradation on uniaxial-stretch-induced poly(ε-caprolactone) (UX-PCL) ridge/groove arrays and further cellular responses. Results from accelerated hydrolysis in vitro showed that UX-PCL ridge/groove arrays followed a surface-controlled erosion, with an overall geometry remained even at ∼45% film weight loss. Compared to unstretched PCL flat surfaces and/or ridge/groove arrays, UX-PCL ridge/groove arrays achieved an enhanced morphological stability against degradation. Over the degradation period, UX-PCL ridge/groove arrays exhibited an "S-shape" behavior of film weight loss, and retained more stable surface hydrophilicity and higher film mechanical properties than those of unstretched PCL surfaces. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) aligned better toward UX-PCL ridge/groove arrays when the geometries were remained intact, and became sensitive with gradually declined nucleus alignment and elongation to the geometric degradation of ridges. We speculate that uniaxial stretching confers UX-PCL ridge/groove arrays with enhanced stability against degradation in erosive environment. This study provides insights of how degradation influences geometric cues and further cell responses, and has implications for the design of biomaterials with stability-enhanced geometric cues for long-term tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Yong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Gao C, Wang Y, Gou P, Cai X, Li X, Zhu W, Shen Z. Synthesis and characterization of resorcinarene-centered amphiphilic A8B4miktoarm star copolymers based on poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(ethylene glycol) by combination of CROP and “click” chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Gou
- Dongfang Turbine Co. Ltd; Deyang 618000 China
| | - Xia Cai
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310006 China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310006 China
| | - Weipu Zhu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiquan Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
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12
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Castilla-Cortázar I, Más-Estellés J, Meseguer-Dueñas J, Escobar Ivirico J, Marí B, Vidaurre A. Hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation of a poly(ε-caprolactone) network. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Hahn C, Keul H, Möller M. Hydroxyl-functional polyurethanes and polyesters: synthesis, properties and potential biomedical application. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lecomte P, Jérôme C. Recent Developments in Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactones. SYNTHETIC BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Theiler S, Diamantouros SE, Jockenhoevel S, Keul H, Moeller M. Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable polyester/polyether resins via Michael-type addition. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00262g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Yan J, Ye Z, Luo H, Chen M, Zhou Y, Tan W, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Lang M. Synthesis, characterization, fluorescence labeling and cellular internalization of novel amine-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) amphiphilic block copolymers. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00391c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Theiler S, Mela P, Diamantouros SE, Jockenhoevel S, Keul H, Möller M. Fabrication of highly porous scaffolds for tissue engineering based on star-shaped functional poly(ε-caprolactone). Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 108:694-703. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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