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Hussien MK, Sabbah A, Qorbani M, Putikam R, Kholimatussadiah S, Tzou DLM, Elsayed MH, Lu YJ, Wang YY, Lee XH, Lin TY, Thang NQ, Wu HL, Haw SC, Wu KCW, Lin MC, Chen KH, Chen LC. Constructing B─N─P Bonds in Ultrathin Holey g-C 3N 4 for Regulating the Local Chemical Environment in Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction to CO. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400724. [PMID: 38639018 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The lack of intrinsic active sites for photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and fast recombination rate of charge carriers are the main obstacles to achieving high photocatalytic activity. In this work, a novel phosphorus and boron binary-doped graphitic carbon nitride, highly porous material that exhibits powerful photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity, specifically toward selective CO generation, is disclosed. The coexistence of Lewis-acidic and Lewis-basic sites plays a key role in tuning the electronic structure, promoting charge distribution, extending light-harvesting ability, and promoting dissociation of excitons into active carriers. Porosity and dual dopants create local chemical environments that activate the pyridinic nitrogen atom between the phosphorus and boron atoms on the exposed surface, enabling it to function as an active site for CO2RR. The P-N-B triad is found to lower the activation barrier for reduction of CO2 by stabilizing the COOH reaction intermediate and altering the rate-determining step. As a result, CO yield increased to 22.45 µmol g-1 h-1 under visible light irradiation, which is ≈12 times larger than that of pristine graphitic carbon nitride. This study provides insights into the mechanism of charge carrier dynamics and active site determination, contributing to the understanding of the photocatalytic CO2RR mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Kamal Hussien
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Amr Sabbah
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Tabbin Institute for Metallurgical Studies, Tabbin, Helwan 109, Cairo, 11421, Egypt
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mohammad Qorbani
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Raghunath Putikam
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Septia Kholimatussadiah
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Nano Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Der-Lii M Tzou
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Hammad Elsayed
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Yu-Jung Lu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Wang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Xing-Hao Lee
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yu Lin
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University (NTU-MST), Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Nguyen Quoc Thang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Liang Wu
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chih Haw
- Nano-science Group, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Kevin C-W Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Hsien Chen
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chyong Chen
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Liang H, Li X, Wang J, Li Q, Feng Y, Kang M, Zhang Y. The Heptazine-Based Materials through Intrinsically Modification for the Cycloaddition of CO 2 and Bisepoxides. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400154. [PMID: 38597166 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
For the efficient utilization of CO2 into valuable product, the attractive carbon nitride catalysts have been widely studied. In this work, heptazine-related materials with varying degree of polymerization were designed by an intrinsically modification strategy and employed in the cycloaddition of CO2 with the bisepoxide 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDODGE). We initially figured out that the sample prepared at 450 °C contained more melem hydrate, exhibiting the best performance. The epoxides conversion and corresponding cyclic carbonates selectivity could achieve 93.1 % and 99.3 % at 140 °C for 20 h without any cocatalyst and solvent, respectively. Results of the catalytic tests suggested that the high catalytic activity was dependent on big size porous structure and the synergetic effect of active amino groups and -OH groups. The role of water in maintaining the specific structure and providing active site has been proved. Moreover, the CN-450-W catalyst exhibited outstanding recycling stability. And finally, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Liang
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Yuelan Feng
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Maoqing Kang
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Yingan Zhang
- Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Taiyuan, 030013, China
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3
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Zhang K, Song R, Wu N, Wang Y, Zhang M, Chen X, Wang L, Xing J. Enhancing the Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence of Graphitic Carbon Nitride via Atomic and Molecular Co-modification. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:925-932. [PMID: 38241479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) materials exhibit attractive optoelectronic physical properties; however, their low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) limit their applications in luminescent devices. Here, boron-doped aromatic carbon nitride (B-PhCNx) was synthesized for the first time via direct thermal polymerization of 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine and boric acid. The impact of B doping and phenyl modifying on the structural and optical characteristics of the samples was investigated in detail. The highest PLQY of 40.7% was achieved in B-PhCN20, which is 6.8 times that of pristine carbon nitride (p-CN). The B-PhCN20-based light-emitting diode demonstrates a maximum luminance of 1494 cd m-2 and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.03%, which are 3.5 and 4.9 times that of the p-CN-based device, respectively. Our findings will provide a reference for rationally designing low-cost and high-performance carbon-nitride-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruili Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilei Chen
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
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Kumar P, Singh G, Guan X, Lee J, Bahadur R, Ramadass K, Kumar P, Kibria MG, Vidyasagar D, Yi J, Vinu A. Multifunctional carbon nitride nanoarchitectures for catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7602-7664. [PMID: 37830178 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00213f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis is at the heart of modern-day chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and there is an urgent demand to develop metal-free, high surface area, and efficient catalysts in a scalable, reproducible and economic manner. Amongst the ever-expanding two-dimensional materials family, carbon nitride (CN) has emerged as the most researched material for catalytic applications due to its unique molecular structure with tunable visible range band gap, surface defects, basic sites, and nitrogen functionalities. These properties also endow it with anchoring capability with a large number of catalytically active sites and provide opportunities for doping, hybridization, sensitization, etc. To make considerable progress in the use of CN as a highly effective catalyst for various applications, it is critical to have an in-depth understanding of its synthesis, structure and surface sites. The present review provides an overview of the recent advances in synthetic approaches of CN, its physicochemical properties, and band gap engineering, with a focus on its exclusive usage in a variety of catalytic reactions, including hydrogen evolution reactions, overall water splitting, water oxidation, CO2 reduction, nitrogen reduction reactions, pollutant degradation, and organocatalysis. While the structural design and band gap engineering of catalysts are elaborated, the surface chemistry is dealt with in detail to demonstrate efficient catalytic performances. Burning challenges in catalytic design and future outlook are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Xinwei Guan
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jangmee Lee
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rohan Bahadur
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kavitha Ramadass
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Devthade Vidyasagar
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
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One-step ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of Ni-doped g-C3N4 photocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Ruban SM, Ramadass K, Singh G, Talapaneni SN, Kamalakar G, Gadipelly CR, Mannepalli LK, Sugi Y, Vinu A. Organocatalysis with carbon nitrides. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2188879. [PMID: 37007670 PMCID: PMC10054243 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2188879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitrides, a distinguished class of metal-free catalytic materials, have presented a good potential for chemical transformations and are expected to become prominent materials for organocatalysis. This is largely possible due to their low cost, exceptional thermal and chemical stability, non-toxicity, ease of functionalization, porosity development, etc. Especially, the carbon nitrides with increased porosity and nitrogen contents are more versatile than their bulk counterparts for catalysis. These N-rich carbon nitrides are discussed in the earlier parts of the review. Later, the review highlights the role of such carbon nitride materials for the various organic catalytic reactions including Knoevenagel condensation, oxidation, hydrogenation, esterification, transesterification, cycloaddition, and hydrolysis. The recently emerging concepts in carbon nitride-based organocatalysis have been given special attention. In each of the sections, the structure-property relationship of the materials was discussed and related to their catalysis action. Relevant comparisons with other catalytic materials are also discussed to realize their real potential value. The perspective, challenges, and future directions are also discussed. The overall objective of this review is to provide up-to-date information on new developments in carbon nitride-based organic catalysis reactions that could see them rising as prominent catalytic materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujanya Maria Ruban
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Kavitha Ramadass
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | - Gunda Kamalakar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Yoshihiro Sugi
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Khan I, Khan S, Wu SY, Chen HT, Zada A, Linlin L, Ismail A, Ali S, Raziq F, Haider M, Khan J, Ullah S, Ju SP, Wang S. Synergistic Functionality of Dopants and Defects in Co-Phthalocyanine/B-CN Z-Scheme Photocatalysts for Promoting Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Reactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2208179. [PMID: 36935369 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The realization of solar-light-driven CO2 reduction reactions (CO2 RR) is essential for the commercial development of renewable energy modules and the reduction of global CO2 emissions. Combining experimental measurements and theoretical calculations, to introduce boron dopants and nitrogen defects in graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ), sodium borohydride is simply calcined with the mixture of g-C3 N4 (CN), followed by the introduction of ultrathin Co phthalocyanine through phosphate groups. By strengthening H-bonding interactions, the resultant CoPc/P-BNDCN nanocomposite showed excellent photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity, releasing 197.76 and 130.32 µmol h-1 g-1 CO and CH4 , respectively, and conveying an unprecedented 10-26-time improvement under visible-light irradiation. The substantial tuning is performed towards the conduction and valance band locations by B-dopants and N-defects to modulate the band structure for significantly accelerated CO2 RR. Through the use of ultrathin metal phthalocyanine assemblies that have a lot of single-atom sites, this work demonstrates a sustainable approach for achieving effective photocatalytic CO2 activation. More importantly, the excellent photoactivity is attributed to the fast charge separation via Z-scheme transfer mechanism formed by the universally facile strategy of dimension-matched ultrathin (≈4 nm) metal phthalocyanine-assisted nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Salman Khan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, The Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Shiuan-Yau Wu
- Department of Chemistry, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, and Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Advanced Optics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 320314, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Tsung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, and Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Advanced Optics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 320314, Taiwan
| | - Amir Zada
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Liu Linlin
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, The Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Sharafat Ali
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Fazal Raziq
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Mustafa Haider
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Javid Khan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Sami Ullah
- K.A.CARE Energy Research & Innovation Center (ERIC), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shin-Pon Ju
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun-Yat-Sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Shiliang Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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Zhang D, Tian W, Chu M, Zhao J, Zou M, Jiang J. B-doped graphitic carbon nitride as a capacitive deionization electrode material for the removal of sulfate from mine wastewater. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Li J, Wang H, Reddy N, Zhu Z, Zheng J, Wang W, Liu B, Hu C. MOF FeCo/B-CN composites achieve efficient degradation of antibiotics in a non-homogeneous concurrent photocatalytic-persulfate activation system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159795. [PMID: 36336040 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized an MFeCoB0.4CNx% (MOF-Fe/Co nanosheets/boron-doped g-C3N4) composite catalyst for enhancing the concurrent photocatalytic-persulfate activation (CPPA) system and achieved efficient degradation of antibiotics. The role of MOF-Fe/Co is to activate persulfate, while boron-doped g-C3N4 can generate photogenerated electrons for the reduction of Co3+/Fe3+ to enhance the regeneration of the active center. The rate constant for Tetracycline degradation by the CPPA system was 4.74 and 7.54 times higher than the photocatalytic and persulfate-activated systems, respectively. This composite was shown to be practical and economically viable for antibiotic degradation. The degradation behavior was explored based on experiments, and molecular orbitals and Fukui functions were obtained by density functional theory calculations. Mechanisms were investigated using reactive oxygen species trapping studies and electron spin resonance, and the process was explained in terms of the charge population and electron density difference of MOF-Fe/Co nanosheets. The CPPA system is an ecologically benign technology for removing antibiotic-related risks to the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Li
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Haofu Wang
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Narendra Reddy
- Centre for Incubation, Innovation, Research and Consultancy (CIIRC), Jyothy Institute of Technology, Thataguni, Off Kanakapura Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560082, India
| | - Zhijia Zhu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Department of Textile &Garment Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou 215500, China
| | - Baojiang Liu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China.
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10
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Xu D, Zhang SN, Chen JS, Li XH. Design of the Synergistic Rectifying Interfaces in Mott-Schottky Catalysts. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1-30. [PMID: 36342422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The functions of interfacial synergy in heterojunction catalysts are diverse and powerful, providing a route to solve many difficulties in energy conversion and organic synthesis. Among heterojunction-based catalysts, the Mott-Schottky catalysts composed of a metal-semiconductor heterojunction with predictable and designable interfacial synergy are rising stars of next-generation catalysts. We review the concept of Mott-Schottky catalysts and discuss their applications in various realms of catalysis. In particular, the design of a Mott-Schottky catalyst provides a feasible strategy to boost energy conversion and chemical synthesis processes, even allowing realization of novel catalytic functions such as enhanced redox activity, Lewis acid-base pairs, and electron donor-acceptor couples for dealing with the current problems in catalysis for energy conversion and storage. This review focuses on the synthesis, assembly, and characterization of Schottky heterojunctions for photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and organic synthesis. The proposed design principles, including the importance of constructing stable and clean interfaces, tuning work function differences, and preparing exposable interfacial structures for designing electronic interfaces, will provide a reference for the development of all heterojunction-type catalysts, electrodes, energy conversion/storage devices, and even super absorbers, which are currently topics of interest in fields such as electrocatalysis, fuel cells, CO2 reduction, and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Nan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Sheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
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11
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Xiong H, Alberto KA, Youn J, Taura J, Morstein J, Li X, Wang Y, Trauner D, Slesinger PA, Nielsen SO, Qin Z. Optical control of neuronal activities with photoswitchable nanovesicles. NANO RESEARCH 2023; 16:1033-1041. [PMID: 37063114 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Precise modulation of neuronal activity by neuroactive molecules is essential for understanding brain circuits and behavior. However, tools for highly controllable molecular release are lacking. Here, we developed a photoswitchable nanovesicle with azobenzene-containing phosphatidylcholine (azo-PC), coined 'azosome', for neuromodulation. Irradiation with 365 nm light triggers the trans-to-cis isomerization of azo-PC, resulting in a disordered lipid bilayer with decreased thickness and cargo release. Irradiation with 455 nm light induces reverse isomerization and switches the release off. Real-time fluorescence imaging shows controllable and repeatable cargo release within seconds (< 3 s). Importantly, we demonstrate that SKF-81297, a dopamine D1-receptor agonist, can be repeatedly released from the azosome to activate cultures of primary striatal neurons. Azosome shows promise for precise optical control over the molecular release and can be a valuable tool for molecular neuroscience studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejian Xiong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Kevin A Alberto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Jonghae Youn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Jaume Taura
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Xiuying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Paul A Slesinger
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Steven O Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75080, USA
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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12
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An Insight into Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Photocatalytic Water Splitting for Green Hydrogen Production. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the energy shortage and environmental pollution are the burning global issues. For centuries, fossil fuels have been used to meet worldwide energy demand. However, thousands of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned, contributing to global warming. Therefore, green energy must replace fossil fuels, and hydrogen is a prime choice. Photocatalytic water splitting (PWS) under solar irradiation could address energy and environmental problems. In the past decade, solar photocatalysts have been used to manufacture sustainable fuels. Scientists are working to synthesize a reliable, affordable, and light-efficient photocatalyst. Developing efficient photocatalysts for water redox reactions in suspension is a key to solar energy conversion. Semiconductor nanoparticles can be used as photocatalysts to accelerate redox reactions to generate chemical fuel or electricity. Carbon materials are substantial photocatalysts for total WS under solar irradiation due to their high activity, high stability, low cost, easy production, and structural diversity. Carbon-based materials such as graphene, graphene oxide, graphitic carbon nitride, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and carbon quantum dots can be used as semiconductors, photosensitizers, cocatalysts, and support materials. This review comprehensively explains how carbon-based composite materials function as photocatalytic semiconductors for hydrogen production, the water-splitting mechanism, and the chemistry of redox reactions. Also, how heteroatom doping, defects and surface functionalities, etc., can influence the efficiency of carbon photocatalysts in H2 production. The challenges faced in the PWS process and future prospects are briefly discussed.
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13
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Baladi E, Davar F, Hojjati-Najafabadi A. Synthesis and characterization of g-C 3N 4-CoFe 2O 4-ZnO magnetic nanocomposites for enhancing photocatalytic activity with visible light for degradation of penicillin G antibiotic. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114270. [PMID: 36100101 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, antibiotic water pollution is an increasingly dangerous environmental threat. Thus, water treatment is essential for their reduction and removal. In recent decades, photocatalysts have attracted much attention due to their influential role in solving this issue. The photocatalytic process, which is one of the green processes and part of advanced oxidation processes, can be a good choice for treating contaminated water containing non-degradable organic matter. However, the design of high-performance photocatalysts under free sunlight can be challenging. In this study, g-C3N4-Ca, Mg codoped CoFe2O4-ZnO (gCN-CFO-ZnO) nanocomposite photocatalyst was applied in removing penicillin G (PENG) from drug effluents. Also, the effects of contaminant concentration, initial pH, irradiation time, and zinc oxide ratio in the nanocomposites were investigated. The hydrothermal method was carried out to prepare the appropriate composites. Then, the obtained products were characterized by powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman, field-emission scanning and transmission electron microscope (FE-SEM&TEM), energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Photoluminescence (PL) techniques. According to the findings, the degradation of PENG in an acidic environment occurred remarkably; under the same conditions, with decreasing pH from 9 to 5 in the gCN-CFO-ZnO (33.33%) nanocomposite, the degradation efficiency grew from 47% to 74%. Also, the degradation rate of PENG in gCN-CFO-ZnO (16.66%) and gCN-CFO-ZnO (50%) nanocomposites under optimal conditions (pH = 5, PENG the concentration of 10 ppm, and irradiation time of 120 min) was achieved 52% and 60%, respectively. Further, gCN-CFO-ZnO (33.33%) nanocomposite showed higher efficiency in PENG degradation compared to the other two nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Baladi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Davar
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Akbar Hojjati-Najafabadi
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China; College of Rare Earths, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, No.86, Hongqi Ave., Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, PR China.
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14
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Chen Y, Yu M, Huang G, Chen Q, Bi J. Interlayer Charge Transfer Over Graphitized Carbon Nitride Enabling Highly-Efficient Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205388. [PMID: 36344463 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting cost-effective, high-efficiency, and contamination-free semiconductors for photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (N2 RR) is still a great challenge, especially in sacrificial-free system. On basis of the electron "acceptance-donation" concept, a boron-doped and carbon-deficient g-C3 N4 (Bx CvN) is herein developed through precise dopant and defect engineering. The optimized B15 CvN exhibisted an NH3 production rate of 135.3 µmol h-1 g-1 in pure water with nine-fold enhancement to the pristine graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ), on account of the markedly elevated visible-light harvesting, N2 activation, and multi-directional photoinduced carriers transfer. The decorated B atoms with coexistent occupied and empty sp3 hybridized orbitals are theoretically proved to be in charge of the increase of N2 adsorption energy from -0.08 to -0.26 eV and the change in N2 adsorption model from one-way to two-way end-on pattern. Noticeably, the elaborate coordination of doped B atoms and carbon vacancies greatly facilitated the interlayer interaction and vertical charge migration of Bx CvN, which is distinctly revealed through the charge density difference calculations. The current study provides an alternative groundbreaking perspective for advancing photocatalytic N2 RR through the targeted configuration of the defect and dopant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueling Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Mingfei Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Guocheng Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Qiaoshan Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Jinhong Bi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
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15
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Bai ZJ, Tian S, Zeng TQ, Chen L, Wang BH, Hu B, Wang X, Zhou W, Pan JB, Shen S, Guo JK, Xie TL, Li YJ, Au CT, Yin SF. Cs 3Bi 2Br 9 Nanodots Stabilized on Defective BiOBr Nanosheets by Interfacial Chemical Bonding: Modulated Charge Transfer for Photocatalytic C( sp3)–H Bond Activation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Jun Bai
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Tian
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Qin Zeng
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, P. R. China
| | - Lang Chen
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Hao Wang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, P. R. China
| | - Biao Hu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Bo Pan
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Shen
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Kang Guo
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Liang Xie
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, P. R. China
| | - You-Ji Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan416000, China
| | - Chak-Tong Au
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou350002, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, P. R. China
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16
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Mal K, Mukhopadhyay C. Chromatography free expeditious green synthesis of 3-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone derivatives under eco-friendly conditions via the oxidation of benzyl amines without catalyst. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Roy R, Chacko AR, Abraham T, Korah BK, John BK, Punnoose MS, Mohan C, Mathew B. Recent Advances in Graphitic Carbon Nitrides (g‐C
3
N
4
) as Photoluminescence Sensing Probe: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Roy
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Anu Rose Chacko
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | | | - Binila K Korah
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Bony K John
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Mamatha Susan Punnoose
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Chitra Mohan
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Beena Mathew
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
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18
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Luo J, Feng C, Fan C, Tang L, Liu Y, Gong Z, Wu T, Zhen X, Feng H, Yan M, Wang L, Xu L. Enhanced indirect attack behavior of 1O2 for photocatalytic H2O2 production: Possible synergistic regulation of spin polarization and water bridge on photocatalytic reaction. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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19
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Zhu Y, Zhang H, Liu H, He G, Liu X, Xiao J, Sun Y, Han L. Water-activated formation of porous graphitic carbon nitride with carbon vacancies to boost photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10084-10087. [PMID: 35997014 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02861a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile water-activated method is developed for preparing porous graphitic carbon nitride with carbon vacancies by co-pyrolysis of melamine and water at a relatively low temperature under an Ar atmosphere, resulting in an increased specific surface area and the efficient separation of photo-generated electrons and holes. As expected, the optimal catalyst exhibited a high H2O2 yield of 180 μM within 4 h and good cycling stability. The reported template-free method may provide a reference for the preparation of high-performance photocatalysts in a facile way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Handong Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Heng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Guangling He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Xuetao Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Jiamin Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Yanyan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Lei Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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20
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Yadav C, Payra S, Narasimha Moorthy J. Ionic Porous Organic Polymer (IPOP) Based on Twisted Biphenyl Scaffold: Green and Efficient Heterogeneous Catalytic Synthesis of β-Arylthioketones and Biscoumarins. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Singh PP, Srivastava V. Recent advances in visible-light graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4) photocatalysts for chemical transformations. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18245-18265. [PMID: 35800311 PMCID: PMC9210974 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01797k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has emerged as a new research hotspot, attracting broad interdisciplinary attention in the form of metal-free and visible-light-responsive photocatalysts in the field of solar energy conversion and environmental remediation. These photocatalysts have evolved as attractive candidates due to their non-toxicity, chemical stability, efficient light absorption capacity in the visible and near-infrared regions, and adaptability as a platform for the fabrication of hybrid materials. This review mainly describes the latest advances in g-C3N4 photocatalysts for chemical transformations. In addition, the typical applications of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts involving organic transformation reactions are discussed (synthesis of heterocycles, hydrosulfonylation, hydration, oxygenation, arylation, coupling reactions, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, United College of Engineering & Research Naini Prayagraj 211010 India
| | - Vishal Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad Prayagraj 211002 India
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22
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Wang C, Wang Z, Mao S, Chen Z, Wang Y. Coordination environment of active sites and their effect on catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalysts. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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23
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Zhang Y, Chu W. g-C 3N 4 induced acceleration of Fe 3+/Fe 2+ cycles for enhancing metronidazole degradation in Fe 3+/peroxymonosulfate process under visible light. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133611. [PMID: 35033520 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a Fe3+/g-C3N4 hybrid catalyst system was proposed to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the metronidazole (MNZ) photocatalytic degradation. The two catalysts, Fe3+ and g-C3N4, exhibited an obvious synergistic effect in the photocatalytic degradation process. When 1 mM PMS, 0.04 mM Fe3+ and 0.05 g L-1 g-C3N4 were applied, the rate constant of the Fe3+/g-C3N4/PMS/LED process at 0.07288 min-1 is around 3.6 to 6.8 times faster than that of Fe3+/PMS/LED and g-C3N4/PMS/LED processes at 0.0198 and 0.01076 min-1, respectively. Under visible light, electron transfer from photo-activated g-C3N4 to Fe3+, resulting in the continuous regeneration of Fe2+ in the system, which ensures non-stopping production of radicals for MNZ degradation. UV-visible spectra were used to confirm the regeneration of Fe2+. In addition, EPR tests were used to identify the reactive oxygen species involved in the reaction system. Typically, the effects of various operation parameters, including the catalyst dosage, PMS dosage, initial concentration of MNZ and initial pH were examined. This work provided a new idea of promoting pollutant degradation by accelerating Fe3+/Fe2+ redox through semiconductor, which could help to use the catalyst more effectively for wastewater treatment and/or chemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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24
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Zhu J, Zhang G, Xu YS, Huang W, He C, Zhang P, Mi H. Cyanamide defects induced built-in electric field in crystalline carbon nitride for enhanced visible to near infrared light photocatalytic activity. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00715k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nitride materials have achieved high accomplishments in solar to hydrogen energy conversion under visible light. However, the weak kinetics and rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers result in a...
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25
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Pan LY, Ding YF, Yin SF, Cai MQ. First-principles calculations for determining the mechanism of the photocatalytic selective oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde on the g-C 3N 4 catalyst. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02153f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photocatalytic oxidation of toluene (TL) to benzaldehyde (BAD) has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, green chemistry, and high selectivity of the target products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Pan
- School of Physics and Electronics Science, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Ding
- School of Physics and Electronics Science, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Cost-effective Utilization of Fossil Fuel Aimed at Reducing Carbon-dioxide Emissions, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Qiu Cai
- School of Physics and Electronics Science, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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26
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Role of B-doping in g-C3N4 nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic NO removal and H2 generation. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Boron compounds for catalytic applications. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acat.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Chen D, Chen W, Zhang G, Li S, Chen W, Xing G, Chen L. N-Rich 2D Heptazine Covalent Organic Frameworks as Efficient Metal-Free Photocatalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiben Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihua Chen
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guolong Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Ismael M. Hydrogen production via water splitting over graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4
)-based photocatalysis. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Photocatalytic splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen using semiconductor photocatalysts and light irradiation has been attracted much attention and considered to be an alternative for nonrenewable fossil fuel to solve environmental problems and energy crisis and also an as promising approach to produce clean, renewable hydrogen fuel. Owing to their various advantages such as low cost and environmental friendly, chemical, and thermal stability, appropriate band structure, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4
) photocatalysts have gained multitudinous attention because of their great potential in solar fuels production and environmental remediation. However, due to its fast charge carrier’s recombination, low surface, and limited absorption of the visible light restrict their activity toward hydrogen evolution and numerous modification techniques were applied to solve these problems such as structural modification, metal/nonmetal doping, and noble metal loading, and coupling semiconductors. In this chapter, we summarize recent progress in the synthesis and characterization of the g-C3N4-based photocatalyst. Several modification methods used to enhance the photocatalytic hydrogen production of g-C3N4-based photocatalyst were also highlighted. This chapter ends with the future research and challenges of hydrogen production over g-C3N4-based photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ismael
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg , Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11 , 26129 Oldenburg , Germany
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Chien LC, Chiang CW, Lao CC, Lin YI, Lin HW, Keng PY. Boron Carbon Oxynitride as a Novel Metal-Free Photocatalyst. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:176. [PMID: 34894310 PMCID: PMC8665969 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Boron-based nanomaterials are emerging as non-toxic, earth-abundant (photo)electrocatalyst materials in solar energy conversion for the production of solar hydrogen fuel and environmental remediation. Boron carbon oxynitride (BCNO) is a quaternary semiconductor with electronic, optical, and physicochemical properties that can be tuned by varying the composition of boron, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen. However, the relationship between BCNO's structure and -photocatalytic activity relationship has yet to be explored. We performed an in-depth spectroscopic analysis to elucidate the effect of using two different nitrogen precursors and the effect of annealing temperatures in the preparation of BCNO. BCNO nanodisks (D = 6.7 ± 1.1 nm) with turbostratic boron nitride diffraction patterns were prepared using guanidine hydrochloride as the nitrogen source precursor upon thermal annealing at 800°C. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) surface elemental analysis of the BCNO nanodisks revealed the B, C, N, and O compositions to be 40.6%, 7.95%, 37.7%, and 13.8%, respectively. According to the solid-state 11B NMR analyses, the guanidine hydrochloride-derived BCNO nanodisks showed the formation of various tricoordinate BNx(OH)3-x species, which also served as one of the photocatalytic active sites. The XRD and in-depth spectroscopic analyses corroborated the preparation of BCNO-doped hexagonal boron nitride nanodisks. In contrast, the BCNO annealed at 600 °C using melamine as the nitrogen precursor consisted of layered nanosheets composed of B, C, N, and O atoms covalently bonded in a honeycomb lattice as evidence by the XRD, XPS, and solid-state NMR analysis (11B and 13C) analyses. The XPS surface elemental composition of the melamine-derived BCNO layered structures consisted of a high carbon composition (75.1%) with a relatively low boron (5.24%) and nitrogen (7.27%) composition, which indicated the formation of BCNO-doped graphene oxides layered sheet structures. This series of melamine-derived BCNO-doped graphene oxide layered structures were found to exhibit the highest photocatalytic activity, exceeding the photocatalytic activity of graphitic carbon nitride. In this layered structure, the formation of the tetracoordinate BNx(OH)3-x(CO) species and the rich graphitic domains were proposed to play an important role in the photocatalytic activity of the BCNO-doped graphene oxides layered structures. The optical band gap energies were measured to be 5.7 eV and 4.2 eV for BCNO-doped hexagonal boron nitride nanodisks and BCNO-doped graphene oxides layered structures, respectively. Finally, BCNO exhibited an ultralong photoluminescence with an average decay lifetime of 1.58, 2.10, 5.18, and 8.14 µs for BGH01, BGH03, BMH01, BMH03, respectively. This study provides a novel metal-free photocatalytic system and provides the first structural analysis regarding the origin of BCNO-based photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng Chien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan
| | - Chen Wei Chiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan
| | - Chou Chio Lao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan
| | - Yung-I Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan
| | - Pei Yuin Keng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan
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Ye S, Feng C, Wang J, Tang L. Preparation and application of defective graphite phase carbon nitride photocatalysts. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2021. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2020-1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cui M, Cui K, Liu X, Chen X, Guo Z, Chen Y, Li CX. Insights into the photocatalytic peroxymonosulfate activation over defective boron-doped carbon nitride for efficient pollutants degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126338. [PMID: 34119974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metal-free graphitic carbon nitride is a promising photocatalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation towards water decontamination, but bearing low efficiency due to its electronic structure and surface chemistry. Herein, the non-metallic element boron was adopted for catalyst development. The boron dopants and defects were simultaneously introduced by potassium borohydride, resulting in an excellent activity towards PMS activation. The dominant reactive oxygen species was singlet oxygen, which was determined to originate from PMS activation over photo-induced holes initiated by an electron transfer process. Calculations based on density functional theory revealed that at excited states, due to the dopants and defects, the electron-hole distribution was altered from an even population to a significant separation, which was beneficial for photocatalytic performance. Besides, the engineered electronic structure weakened the catalyst resistance to charge transfer, enabling easier electron transfer between the catalyst and the PMS. Moreover, the strengthened and enlarged positive electrostatic potential areas on heptazine rings oriented the electron transfer process from the negatively charged PMS to the catalyst, facilitating the generation of singlet oxygen. These findings provide underlying mechanism insights into the contribution of dopants and defects to catalytic performance on persulfate-based photocatalytic water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minshu Cui
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Kangping Cui
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Xueyan Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhi Guo
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chen-Xuan Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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Chand H, Choudhary P, Kumar A, Kumar A, Krishnan V. Atmospheric pressure conversion of carbon dioxide to cyclic carbonates using a metal-free Lewis acid-base bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Synergy effect of boron and cobalt in B2O3-SBA-15-(Co)Mo catalyst for efficient hydrodesulfurization of liquid fuels. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Li J, Xiong L, Luo B, Jing D, Cao J, Tang J. Hollow Carbon Sphere-Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Efficient Photocatalytic H 2 Production. Chemistry 2021; 27:16879-16888. [PMID: 34357594 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel hybrid photocatalyst composed of hollow carbon nanospheres (NCS) and graphitic carbon nitride (CN) curly nanosheets has been prepared by the calcination of a NCS precursor and freeze-dried urea. The optimized photocatalyst exhibits an efficient photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation with a highest H2 generation rate of 3612.3 μmol g-1 h-1 , leading to an apparent quantum yield of 10.04 % at 420 nm, five times higher than the widely reported benchmark photocatalyst CN (2.01 % AQY). The materials characterization shows that NCS-modified CN curly nanosheets can promote photoelectron transfer and suppress charge recombination through their special coupling interface and NCS as an electron acceptor, which significantly improves the photocatalytic efficiency. Thus, this study provides an efficient strategy for the design of highly efficient photocatalyst, particularly suitable for a totally metal-free photocatalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Li
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lunqiao Xiong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Bing Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Dengwei Jing
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jiamei Cao
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Junwang Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
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Zhang W, Xu D, Wang F, Chen M. Element-doped graphitic carbon nitride: confirmation of doped elements and applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4370-4387. [PMID: 36133458 PMCID: PMC9417723 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00264c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Doping is widely reported as an efficient strategy to enhance the performance of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN). In the study of element-doped g-CN, the characterization of doped elements is an indispensable requirement, as well as a huge challenge. In this review, we summarize some useful characterization methods which can confirm the existence and chemical states of doped elements. The advantages and shortcomings of these characterization methods are discussed in detail. Various applications of element-doped g-CN and the function of doped elements are also introduced. Overall, this review article aims to provide helpful information for the research of element-doped g-CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 PR China
| | - Datong Xu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 PR China
| | - Fengjue Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 PR China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 PR China
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Qi K, Cui N, Zhang M, Ma Y, Wang G, Zhao Z, Khataee A. Ionic liquid-assisted synthesis of porous boron-doped graphitic carbon nitride for photocatalytic hydrogen production. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129953. [PMID: 35534981 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a simple way to prepare boron-doped graphitic carbon nitride (B/g-C3N4), exhibiting an enhanced photocatalytic performance to split water for hydrogen production. B/g-C3N4 was synthesized via the pyrolysis of urea and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Emim]BF4), which was adopted as the boron source. The aggregate of B/g-C3N4 nanosheets shows a porous structure since some bubbles are generated under the heat decomposition of ionic liquids. The porous structure is conducive to the exposure of more active sites. Moreover, B-doping will form some localized electronic energy levels in the band gap of g-C3N4, thereby extending its visible light response. As impacted by the porous structure of B/g-C3N4 aggregate and the narrow the band gap, the photocatalytic hydrogen generation rate (901 μmol h-1 g-1) is increased, almost 3 times faster than g-C3N4 (309 μmol h-1 g-1). This work proposed a simple method to prepare the aggregate of B/g-C3N4 nanosheets exhibiting pores under ionic liquid assistance. It can be a novel method to design porous polymer photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhen Qi
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Nan Cui
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Manjie Zhang
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Yuhua Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Guangzhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Optoelectronic Devices and Intelligent Perception Systems, Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology of Chongqing, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China.
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China.
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran; Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
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Ravichandran D, Akilan R, Vinnarasi S, Shankar R, Khadheer Pasha SK, Manickam S. Tuning the reactivity of tri-s-triazine, trinitro-tri-s-triazine and ternary tri-s-triazine graphitic C 3N 4 quantum dots through H-functionalized and B-doped complexes: A density functional study. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129901. [PMID: 33607492 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Modifying the structures and doping are proven to be effective methods to tune the structural and electrical properties of g-C3N4 quantum dots. Hence, in this study, tri-s-triazine and tri-nitro tri-s-triazine have been studied by functionalizing their edges with hydrogen. The H-functionalized tri-nitro tri-s-triazine quantum dot displays a buckled structure with a band gap of 1.988 eV, whereas the tri-s-triazine demonstrates a planner structure with a band gap of 1.636 eV. The obtained results have been compared with the previous results. The absorbance spectrum of H-functionalized trinitro tri-s-triazine falls under the visible region with a peak value of 488 nm, and the absorption spectrum of tri-s-triazine falls at 790 nm. The planarity of the tri-nitro tri-s-triazine structure is improved by doping the B atom in the N site, and the band gap of H-functionalized B doped tri-nitro tri-s-triazine is 1.143 eV. The absorbance spectrum of H-functionalized B doped tri-nitro tri-s-triazine is 508 nm. The reactivity of the structure is increased by doping B atoms, and it is confirmed by the electrophilicity index. Similarly, the H-functionalized B doped tri-s-triazine exhibits a band gap of 1.328 eV. Further, the tri-s-triazine structures are arranged in ternary form, and the properties are studied by increasing the number of B atoms in the tri-s-triazine rings. The outcome presents that the structures are planar, and band gap values are reduced further. Also, the reactivity of the sheets is increased, which is confirmed by the electrophilicity index. It is proposed that the sheets with a high reactivity can be used for the removal of hazardous ions and molecules from the industrial wastage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ravichandran
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Akilan
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vinnarasi
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Shankar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S K Khadheer Pasha
- Department of Physics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Amaravathi campus, Amaravati, 522501, Guntur, Andra Pradesh, India
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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Gkini K, Martinaiou I, Falaras P. A Review on Emerging Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Based on g-C 3N 4 Nanostructures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1679. [PMID: 33805485 PMCID: PMC8038080 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted great research interest in the scientific community due to their extraordinary optoelectronic properties and the fact that their power conversion efficiency (PCE) has increased rapidly in recent years, surpassing other 3rd generation photovoltaic (PV) technologies. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) presents exceptional optical and electronic properties and its use was recently expanded in the field of PSCs. The addition of g-C3N4 in the perovskite absorber and/or the electron transport layer (ETL) resulted in PCEs exceeding 22%, mainly due to defects passivation, improved conductivity and crystallinity as well as low charge carriers' recombination rate within the device. Significant performance increase, including stability enhancement, was also achieved when g-C3N4 was applied at the PSC interfaces and the observed improvement was attributed to its wetting (hydrophobic/hydrophilic) nature and the fine tuning of the corresponding interface energetics. The current review summarizes the main innovations for the incorporation of graphitic carbon nitride in PSCs and highlights the significance and perspectives of the g-C3N4 approach for emerging highly efficient and robust PV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Gkini
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, 15341 Athens, Greece; (K.G.); (I.M.)
- Physics Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Martinaiou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, 15341 Athens, Greece; (K.G.); (I.M.)
| | - Polycarpos Falaras
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, 15341 Athens, Greece; (K.G.); (I.M.)
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40
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Zhang F, Liao J, Lu J, Niu J. Extensive incorporation of carboxyl groups into g-C3N4 by integrated oxygen doping and HNO3 oxidation for enhanced catalytic ozonation of para-chlorobenzoic acid and atrazine. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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41
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Li J, Luo B, Zheng X, Jing D, Ma L. The in situ photodeposition fabrication of a Ni xCo y/g-C 3N 4 photocatalyst for efficient catalytic hydrogen generation. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01677f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic H2 evolution on Ni23Co1/CN was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Li
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Bing Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xuewen Zheng
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Dengwei Jing
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Lijing Ma
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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Raza W, Ahmad K. Visible Light-Driven Photocatalysts for Environmental Applications Based on Graphitic Carbon Nitride. HANDBOOK OF NANOMATERIALS AND NANOCOMPOSITES FOR ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36268-3_200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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43
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Zhu H, Aarons J, Peng Q. High spin polarized Fe2 cluster combined with vicinal nonmetallic sites for catalytic ammonia synthesis from a theoretical perspective. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01083b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Compared to other Fen (n > 2) clusters, Fe2 cluster catalysts combined with vicinal nonmetallic sites are expected to be an ideal catalyst for ammonia synthesis with a lower N–H formation (0.47 eV) and N–N dissociation (0.50 eV) energy barrier at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jolyon Aarons
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Bai X, Wang X, Lu X, Jia T, Sun B, Wang C, Hou S, Zong R. A fluorine induced enhancement of the surface polarization and crystallization of g-C 3N 4 for an efficient charge separation. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00668a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A synergy of high crystallinity and surface polarization constructed by F doping dramatically promotes charge separation efficiency, significantly enhancing photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control
| | - Xuyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Xiongwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Tianqi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Boxuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Shanshan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Ruilong Zong
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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Photocatalytic Degradation of the Light Sensitive Organic Dyes: Methylene Blue and Rose Bengal by Using Urea Derived g-C3N4/ZnO Nanocomposites. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10121457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the fabrication of graphitic carbon nitride doped zinc oxide nanocomposites, g-C3N4/ZnO, (Zn-Us) by using different amount of urea. They were further characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman, UV-vis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The prepared nanocomposites were used as photocatalysts for the mineralization of the light sensitive dyes Methylene Blue (MB) and Rose Bengal (RB) under UV light irradiation, and corresponding photo-mechanism was proposed. Benefiting from these photocatalytic characteristics, urea derived g-C3N4/ZnO photocatalysts have been found to have excellent photodegradation activity against the MB and RB for 6 h and 4 h, respectively. Under the given experimental conditions, the degradation percentage of fabricated Zn-Us were shown ~90% for both model dyes. Compared to cationic MB dye, anionic RB dye is more actively degraded on the surface of prepared photocatalysts. The results obtained can be effectively used for future practical applications in wastewater treatment
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Hosseini-Sarvari M, Akrami Z. Visible-light assisted of nano Ni/g-C3N4 with efficient photocatalytic activity and stability for selective aerobic C−H activation and epoxidation. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Rh Particles Supported on Sulfated g-C3N4: A Highly Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Alkene Hydroformylation. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydroformylation of alkenes with CO and H2 to manufacture aldehydes is one of the most large-scale chemical reactions. However, an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for alkene hydroformylation is extremely in demand in academia and industry. In this study, a sulfated carbon nitride supported rhodium particle catalyst (Rh/S-g-C3N4) was successfully synthesized via an impregnation-borohydride reduction method and applied in the hydroformylation of alkenes. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, XPS, and nitrogen adsorption. The influence of the sulfate content, pressure of syngas, temperature, and reaction time, as well as the stability of Rh/S-g-C3N4, on the hydroformylation was examined in detail. The delocalized conjugated structure in g-C3N4 can lead to the formation of electron-deficient aromatic intermediates with alkenes. The sulphate g-C3N4 has a defected surface owing to the formation of oxygen vacancies, which increased the adsorption and dispersion of RhNPs on the surface of g-C3N4. Therefore, Rh/S-g-C3N4 exhibited an outstanding catalytic performance for styrene hydroformylation (TOF = 9000 h−1), the conversion of styrene could reach 99.9%, and the regioselectivity for the branched aldehyde was 52% under the optimized reaction conditions. The catalytic properties of Rh/S-g-C3N4 were also studied in the hydroformylation of various alkenes and displayed an excellent catalytic performance. Furthermore, the reuse of Rh/S-g-C3N4 was tested for five recycling processes, without an obvious decrease in the activity and selectivity under the optimum reaction conditions. These findings demonstrated that Rh/S-g-C3N4 is a potential catalyst for heterogeneous hydroformylation.
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Gao Y, Liu S, Wang Y, Zhao P, Li K, He J, Liu S. Fabrication of nitrogen defect mediated direct Z scheme g-C3Nx/Bi2WO6 hybrid with enhanced photocatalytic properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 579:177-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kaiser SK, Chen Z, Faust Akl D, Mitchell S, Pérez-Ramírez J. Single-Atom Catalysts across the Periodic Table. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11703-11809. [PMID: 33085890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isolated atoms featuring unique reactivity are at the heart of enzymatic and homogeneous catalysts. In contrast, although the concept has long existed, single-atom heterogeneous catalysts (SACs) have only recently gained prominence. Host materials have similar functions to ligands in homogeneous catalysts, determining the stability, local environment, and electronic properties of isolated atoms and thus providing a platform for tailoring heterogeneous catalysts for targeted applications. Within just a decade, we have witnessed many examples of SACs both disrupting diverse fields of heterogeneous catalysis with their distinctive reactivity and substantially enriching our understanding of molecular processes on surfaces. To date, the term SAC mostly refers to late transition metal-based systems, but numerous examples exist in which isolated atoms of other elements play key catalytic roles. This review provides a compositional encyclopedia of SACs, celebrating the 10th anniversary of the introduction of this term. By defining single-atom catalysis in the broadest sense, we explore the full elemental diversity, joining different areas across the whole periodic table, and discussing historical milestones and recent developments. In particular, we examine the coordination structures and associated properties accessed through distinct single-atom-host combinations and relate them to their main applications in thermo-, electro-, and photocatalysis, revealing trends in element-specific evolution, host design, and uses. Finally, we highlight frontiers in the field, including multimetallic SACs, atom proximity control, and possible applications for multistep and cascade reactions, identifying challenges, and propose directions for future development in this flourishing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina K Kaiser
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zupeng Chen
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Faust Akl
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Mitchell
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Gao Y, Duan J, Zhai X, Guan F, Wang X, Zhang J, Hou B. Photocatalytic Degradation and Antibacterial Properties of Fe 3+-Doped Alkalized Carbon Nitride. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091751. [PMID: 32899800 PMCID: PMC7558592 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Discovering novel materials and improving the properties of existing materials are the main goals in the field of photocatalysis to increase the potential application of the materials. In this paper, a modified graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalyst named Fe3+-doped alkalized carbon nitride, which couples the photocatalytic reaction with the Fenton reaction, is introduced to demonstrate its Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation and antibacterial properties. Under visible-light irradiation, the degradation rate of RhB was 99.9% after 200 min, while the antibacterial rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) after 300 min were 99.9986%, 99.9974%, and 99.9876%, respectively. Moreover, the repetitive experiments of RhB degradation demonstrate that the proposed photocatalysts have excellent stability and reusability. The active free radical trapping experiments reveal that the superoxide radical (·O2−) is the dominant reactive oxygen species. In addition, the Fenton reaction is introduced into the photocatalytic system due to the doping of Fe3+, and the hydroxyl radical (·OH) produced from the Fenton reaction further enhances the photocatalytic performance. The remarkable improvement in photocatalytic performance of the proposed photocatalyst can be attributed to its broader UV–visible absorption characteristic and the occurrence of the Fenton reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.G.); (F.G.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (B.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jizhou Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.G.); (F.G.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (B.H.)
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaofan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.G.); (F.G.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (B.H.)
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Fang Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.G.); (F.G.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (B.H.)
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiutong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.G.); (F.G.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (B.H.)
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.G.); (F.G.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (B.H.)
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Baorong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.G.); (F.G.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (B.H.)
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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