1
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York E, McNaughton DA, Duman MN, Gale PA, Rawling T. Fatty Acid-Activated Proton Transport by Bisaryl Anion Transporters Depolarises Mitochondria and Reduces the Viability of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1202. [PMID: 37627266 PMCID: PMC10452527 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In respiring mitochondria, the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane is used to drive ATP production. Mitochondrial uncouplers, which are typically weak acid protonophores, can disrupt this process to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in cancer cells. We have shown that bisaryl urea-based anion transporters can also mediate mitochondrial uncoupling through a novel fatty acid-activated proton transport mechanism, where the bisaryl urea promotes the transbilayer movement of deprotonated fatty acids and proton transport. In this paper, we investigated the impact of replacing the urea group with squaramide, amide and diurea anion binding motifs. Bisaryl squaramides were found to depolarise mitochondria and reduce MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell viability to similar extents as their urea counterpart. Bisaryl amides and diureas were less active and required higher concentrations to produce these effects. For all scaffolds, the substitution of the bisaryl rings with lipophilic electron-withdrawing groups was required for activity. An investigation of the proton transport mechanism in vesicles showed that active compounds participate in fatty acid-activated proton transport, except for a squaramide analogue, which was sufficiently acidic to act as a classical protonophore and transport protons in the absence of free fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward York
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (E.Y.)
| | - Daniel A. McNaughton
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (E.Y.)
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Meryem-Nur Duman
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (E.Y.)
| | - Philip A. Gale
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (E.Y.)
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (SydneyNano), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (E.Y.)
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2
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Herschede SR, Salam R, Gneid H, Busschaert N. Bacterial cytological profiling identifies transmembrane anion transport as the mechanism of action for a urea-based antibiotic. Supramol Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2023.2178921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Herschede
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Rayhanus Salam
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Hassan Gneid
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Nathalie Busschaert
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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3
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Mondal A, Ahmad M, Mondal D, Talukdar P. Progress and prospects toward supramolecular bioactive ion transporters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1917-1938. [PMID: 36691926 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06761g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The majority of cellular physiological processes depend on natural ion channels, which are pore-forming membrane-embedded proteins that let ions flow across the cell membranes selectively. This selective movement of ions across the membranes balances the osmolality within and outside the cell. However, mutations in the genes that encode essential membrane transport proteins or structural reorganisation of these proteins can cause life-threatening diseases like cystic fibrosis. Artificial ion transport systems have opened up a way to replace dysfunctional natural ion channels to cure such diseases through channel replacement therapy. Moreover, recent research has also demonstrated the ability of these systems to kill cancer cells, reigniting interest in the field among scientists. Our contributions to the recent progress in the design and development of artificial chloride ion transporters and their effect on biological systems have been discussed in this review. This review would provide current vistas and future directions toward the development of novel ion transporters with improved biocompatibility and desired anti-cancer properties. Additionally, it strongly emphasises stimuli-responsive ion transport systems, which are crucial for obtaining target-specificity and may speed up the application of these systems in clinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mondal
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. .,Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Debashis Mondal
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. .,Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirkii Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Pinaki Talukdar
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India.
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4
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Martínez‐Crespo L, Valkenier H. Transmembrane Transport of Bicarbonate by Anion Receptors. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200266. [PMID: 36414387 PMCID: PMC9827909 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of synthetic anion transporters is motivated by their potential application as treatment for diseases that originate from deficient anion transport by natural proteins. Transport of bicarbonate is important for crucial biological functions such as respiration and digestion. Despite this biological relevance, bicarbonate transport has not been as widely studied as chloride transport. Herein we present an overview of the synthetic receptors that have been studied as bicarbonate transporters, together with the different assays used to perform transport studies in large unilamellar vesicles. We highlight the most active transporters and comment on the nature of the functional groups present in active and inactive compounds. We also address recent mechanistic studies that have revealed different processes that can lead to net transport of bicarbonate, as well as studies reported in cells and tissues, and comment on the key challenges for the further development of bicarbonate transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martínez‐Crespo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK,Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK,Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Engineering of Molecular NanoSystemsEcole polytechnique de BruxellesAvenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64B-1050BrusselsBelgium
| | - Hennie Valkenier
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Engineering of Molecular NanoSystemsEcole polytechnique de BruxellesAvenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64B-1050BrusselsBelgium
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5
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A Simulation Model for the Non-Electrogenic Uniport Carrier-Assisted Transport of Ions across Lipid Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030292. [PMID: 35323767 PMCID: PMC8955484 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Impressive work has been completed in recent decades on the transmembrane anion transport capability of small synthetic transporters from many different structural classes. However, very few predicting models have been proposed for the fast screening of compound libraries before spending time and resources on the laboratory bench for their synthesis. In this work, a new approach is presented which aims at describing the transport process by taking all the steps into explicit consideration, and includes all possible experiment-derived parameters. The algorithm is able to simulate the macroscopic experiments performed with lipid vesicles to assess the ion-transport ability of the synthetic transporters following a non-electrogenic uniport mechanism. While keeping calculation time affordable, the final goal is the curve-fitting of real experimental data—so, to obtain both an analysis and a predictive tool. The role and the relative weight of the different parameters is discussed and the agreement with the literature is shown by using the simulations of a virtual benchmark case. The fitting of real experimental curves is also shown for two transporters of different structural type.
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6
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Sandler I, Sharma S, Chan B, Ho J. Accurate Quantum Chemical Prediction of Gas-Phase Anion Binding Affinities and Their Structure-Binding Relationships. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9838-9851. [PMID: 34739245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper systematically examines the performance of contemporary wavefunction and density functional theory methods to identify robust and cost-efficient methods for predicting gas-phase anion binding energies. This includes the local coupled cluster LNO-CCSD(T) and DLPNO-CCSD(T), as well as double-hybrid DSD-PBEP86-D3(BJ) and various hybrid functionals M06-2X, B3LYP-D3(BJ), ωB97M-V, and ωB97X-V. The focus is on dual-hydrogen-bonding anion receptors that are commonly found in supramolecular chemistry and organocatalysis, namely, (thio)ureas, deltamides, (thio)squaramides, and croconamides as well as the yet-to-be-explored rhodizonamides. Of the methods examined, M06-2X emerged as the overall best performing method as the other functionals including DSD-PBEP86-D3(BJ) and the local coupled cluster DLPNO-CCSD(T) method displayed systematic errors that increase with the degree of carbonylation of the receptors. Hybrid ONIOM models that employed semiempirical methods (PM7, GFN1-xTB, and GFN2-xTB) and "threefold"-corrected small-basis set potentials (HF-3c, B97-3c, and PBEh-3c) were explored, and the best models resulted in 50- to 500-fold reduction in CPU time compared to W1-local. These calculations provide important insight into the structure-binding relationships where there is a direct correlation between Brønsted acidity and anion binding affinity, though the strength of the correlation also depends on other factors such as hydrogen-bonding geometry and the geometrical distortion that the receptor needs to undergo to bind the anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isolde Sandler
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Shaleen Sharma
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bukyo-Machi 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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7
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Martínez‐Crespo L, Hewitt SH, De Simone NA, Šindelář V, Davis AP, Butler S, Valkenier H. Transmembrane Transport of Bicarbonate Unravelled*. Chemistry 2021; 27:7367-7375. [PMID: 33932059 PMCID: PMC8251953 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anion receptors can be used to transport ions across lipid bilayers, which has potential for therapeutic applications. Synthetic bicarbonate transporters are of particular interest, as defects in transmembrane transport of bicarbonate are associated with various diseases. However, no convenient method exists to directly observe bicarbonate transport and study the mechanisms involved. Here, an assay is presented that allows the kinetics of bicarbonate transport into liposomes to be monitored directly and with great sensitivity. The assay utilises an encapsulated europium(III) complex, which exhibits a large increase in emission intensity upon binding bicarbonate. Mechanisms involving CO2 diffusion and the dissipation of a pH gradient are shown to be able to lead to an increase in bicarbonate concentration within liposomes, without transport of the anion occurring at all. By distinguishing these alternative mechanisms from actual bicarbonate transport, this assay will inform the future development of bicarbonate transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martínez‐Crespo
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole polytechnique de BruxellesAvenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/641050BrusselsBelgium
| | - Sarah H. Hewitt
- Loughborough UniversityDepartment of ChemistryEpinal WayLoughboroughLE11 3TUUK
| | | | - Vladimír Šindelář
- Masaryk UniversityDepartment of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of ScienceKamenice 5625 00BrnoCzech Republic
| | - Anthony P. Davis
- University of BristolSchool of ChemistryCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Stephen Butler
- Loughborough UniversityDepartment of ChemistryEpinal WayLoughboroughLE11 3TUUK
| | - Hennie Valkenier
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole polytechnique de BruxellesAvenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/641050BrusselsBelgium
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8
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Pomorski R, García-Valverde M, Quesada R, Chmielewski MJ. Transmembrane anion transport promoted by thioamides. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12249-12253. [PMID: 35423746 PMCID: PMC8697034 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01646f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioamide groups represent useful hydrogen-bonding motifs for the development of active transmembrane anion transporters. Using a 1,8-di(thioamido)carbazole scaffold the superior performance of thioamides compared with the parent amides has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pomorski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warszawa Poland
| | | | - Roberto Quesada
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Burgos Burgos 09001 Spain
| | - Michał J Chmielewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warszawa Poland
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9
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Marshall SR, Singh A, Wagner JN, Busschaert N. Enhancing the selectivity of optical sensors using synthetic transmembrane ion transporters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14455-14458. [PMID: 33146644 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06437h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we introduce a new method to optimize the properties of optical sensors, coined the transporter-liposome-fluorophore (TLF) approach. It is shown that this approach can greatly improve the selectivity of the sensor, increase the dynamic range and maintain the sensitivity of the original fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
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10
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Muraglia KA, Chorghade RS, Kim BR, Tang XX, Shah VS, Grillo AS, Daniels PN, Cioffi AG, Karp PH, Zhu L, Welsh MJ, Burke MD. Small-molecule ion channels increase host defences in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia. Nature 2019; 567:405-408. [PMID: 30867598 PMCID: PMC6492938 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) compromise epithelial HCO3− and Cl− secretion, reduce airway surface liquid (ASL) pH, and impair respiratory host defenses in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) 1–3. Here we report that apical addition of an unselective ion channel-forming small molecule, amphotericin B (AmB), restored HCO3− secretion and increased ASL pH in cultured human CF airway epithelia. These effects required the basolateral Na+/K+ ATPase, indicating that apical AmB channels functionally interfaced with this driver of anion secretion. AmB also restored ASL pH, viscosity, and antibacterial activity in primary cultures of airway epithelia from people with CF caused by different mutations, including ones that yield no CFTR, and increased ASL pH in CFTR-null pigs in vivo. Thus, unselective small molecule ion channels can restore CF airway host defenses via a mechanism that is CFTR-independent and therefore genotype-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A Muraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rajeev S Chorghade
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bo Ram Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and HHMI, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine and HHMI, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Viral S Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine and HHMI, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Anthony S Grillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Page N Daniels
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Alexander G Cioffi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Philip H Karp
- Department of Internal Medicine and HHMI, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lingyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine and HHMI, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Martin D Burke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA. .,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA. .,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
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11
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Valkenier H, Akrawi O, Jurček P, Sleziaková K, Lízal T, Bartik K, Šindelář V. Fluorinated Bambusurils as Highly Effective and Selective Transmembrane Cl−/HCO3− Antiporters. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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12
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Li Y, Zheng S, Legrand Y, Gilles A, Van der Lee A, Barboiu M. Structure‐Driven Selection of Adaptive Transmembrane Na
+
Carriers or K
+
Channels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Hao Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Shaoping Zheng
- Lehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yves‐Marie Legrand
- Institut Europeen des MembranesAdaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems GroupUniversity of Montpellier, ENSCM-CNRS Place E. Bataillon CC047 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Arnaud Gilles
- Institut Europeen des MembranesAdaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems GroupUniversity of Montpellier, ENSCM-CNRS Place E. Bataillon CC047 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Arie Van der Lee
- Institut Europeen des MembranesAdaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems GroupUniversity of Montpellier, ENSCM-CNRS Place E. Bataillon CC047 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Lehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- Institut Europeen des MembranesAdaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems GroupUniversity of Montpellier, ENSCM-CNRS Place E. Bataillon CC047 34095 Montpellier France
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13
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Li YH, Zheng S, Legrand YM, Gilles A, Van der Lee A, Barboiu M. Structure-Driven Selection of Adaptive Transmembrane Na + Carriers or K + Channels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10520-10524. [PMID: 29900647 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled alkyl-ureido-benzo-15-crown-5-ethers are selective ionophores for K+ cations, which are preferred to Na+ cations. The transport mechanism is determined by the optimal coordination rather than classical dimensional compatibility between the crown ether hole and the cation diameter. Herein, we demonstrate that systematic changes of the structure lead to unexpected modifications in the cation-transport activity and suffice to produce adaptive selection. We show that the main contribution to performance arises from optimal constraints on the conformational freedom, which are determined by the binding macrocycles, the nature of the hydrogen-bonding groups, and the hydrophobic tails. Simple changes to the flexible 15-crown-5-ether lead to selective carriers for Na+ . Hydrophobic stabilization of the channels through mutual interactions between lipids and variable hydrophobic tails appears to be an important cause of increased activity. Oppositely, restricted translocation is achieved when constrained hydrogen-bonded macrocyclic relays are less dynamic in a pore superstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shaoping Zheng
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yves-Marie Legrand
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, University of Montpellier, ENSCM-CNRS, Place E. Bataillon CC047, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Gilles
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, University of Montpellier, ENSCM-CNRS, Place E. Bataillon CC047, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Arie Van der Lee
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, University of Montpellier, ENSCM-CNRS, Place E. Bataillon CC047, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,Institut Europeen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, University of Montpellier, ENSCM-CNRS, Place E. Bataillon CC047, 34095, Montpellier, France
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14
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Jowett LA, Howe ENW, Wu X, Busschaert N, Gale PA. New Insights into the Anion Transport Selectivity and Mechanism of Tren-based Tris-(thio)ureas. Chemistry 2018; 24:10475-10487. [PMID: 29786913 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The anion transport properties of a series of previously reported tren-based anionophores have been revisited using new assays designed to measure anion uniport. This study provides new insights into the transport mechanism and selectivity of this important class of transporters. Specifically, we report the chloride and nitrate transport selectivity of these systems and quantify sulfate transport to determine EC50 values for sulfate transport for the first time. Two new assays were developed to study bicarbonate transport allowing accurate quantification of chloride/bicarbonate exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Jowett
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ethan N W Howe
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Philip A Gale
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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15
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Spooner MJ, Gale PA. A tripodal tris-selenourea anion transporter matches the activity of its thio- analogue but shows distinct selectivity. Supramol Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2018.1431394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip A. Gale
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Mondal D, Sathyan A, Shinde SV, Mishra KK, Talukdar P. Tripodal cyanurates as selective transmembrane Cl− transporters. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8690-8694. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01345d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tris-carboxyamide and tris-sulfonamide-based anion receptors with cyanuric acid core are developed for transmembrane chloride transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Anjana Sathyan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Sopan V. Shinde
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Kamal K. Mishra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Pinaki Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune
- Pune 411008
- India
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17
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Zwicker VE, Yuen KKY, Smith DG, Ho J, Qin L, Turner P, Jolliffe KA. Deltamides and Croconamides: Expanding the Range of Dual H‐bond Donors for Selective Anion Recognition. Chemistry 2017; 24:1140-1150. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David G. Smith
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Lei Qin
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Peter Turner
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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18
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Ho J, Zwicker VE, Yuen KKY, Jolliffe KA. Quantum Chemical Prediction of Equilibrium Acidities of Ureas, Deltamides, Squaramides, and Croconamides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10732-10736. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junming Ho
- School
of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Vincent E. Zwicker
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Karen K. Y. Yuen
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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19
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Li Z, Chen Y, Yuan DQ, Chen WH. Synthesis of a dimeric 3α-hydroxy-7α,12α-diamino-5β-cholan-24-oate conjugate and its derivatives, and the effect of lipophilicity on their anion transport efficacy. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2831-2840. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00289k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A dimeric 3α-hydroxy-7α,12α-diamino-5β-cholan-24-oate conjugate and its derivatives were synthesized, and lipophilicity was found to significantly affect their anion transport efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
| | - Yun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
| | - De-Qi Yuan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kobe Gakuin University
- Kobe 650-8586
- Japan
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
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20
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Gale PA, Davis JT, Quesada R. Anion transport and supramolecular medicinal chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2497-2519. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00159b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
New approaches to the transmembrane transport of anions are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Gale
- School of Chemistry (F11)
- The University of Sydney
- Australia
| | - Jeffery T. Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
| | - Roberto Quesada
- Departmento de Química
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos
- Spain
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21
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Clarke HJ, Howe ENW, Wu X, Sommer F, Yano M, Light ME, Kubik S, Gale PA. Transmembrane Fluoride Transport: Direct Measurement and Selectivity Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16515-16522. [PMID: 27998094 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride has been overlooked as a target in the development of synthetic anion transporters despite natural fluoride transport channels being recently discovered. In this paper we report the direct measurement of fluoride transport across lipid bilayers facilitated by a series of strapped calix[4]pyrroles and show that these compounds facilitate transport via an electrogenic mechanism (determined using valinomycin and monensin coupled transport assays and an additional osmotic response assay). An HPTS transport assay was used to quantify this electrogenic process and assess the interference of naturally occurring fatty acids with the transport process and Cl- over H+/OH- transport selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet J Clarke
- Chemistry, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Ethan N W Howe
- Chemistry, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Xin Wu
- Chemistry, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Fabian Sommer
- Department of Chemistry-Organic Chemistry, Kaiserslautern University of Technology , Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Chemistry, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Mark E Light
- Chemistry, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Stefan Kubik
- Department of Chemistry-Organic Chemistry, Kaiserslautern University of Technology , Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Philip A Gale
- Chemistry, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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22
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Chen S, Zhang S, Bao C, Wang C, Lin Q, Zhu L. Oligo(aryl-triazole)s CHCl - interactions guide chloride efficient and selective transmembrane transport. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13132-13135. [PMID: 27761537 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07792g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of oligo(aryl-triazole)s (compounds 1-8) have been synthesized and served as transmembrane anion transporters by only CHCl- interactions. This work confirms their role in the activity of anion transport. By changing the lipophilicity and anion affinity of the compounds, efficient anion transport with remarkable Cl-vs. HCO3- selectivity was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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23
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Peng CC, Zhang MJ, Sun XX, Cai XJ, Chen Y, Chen WH. Highly efficient anion transport mediated by 1,3-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene derivatives bearing electron-withdrawing substituents. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8232-6. [PMID: 27527581 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01461e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene exhibits potent anionophoric activity through a process of anion exchange with a minor level of proton/anion symport. Modification of 1,3-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene with strong electron-withdrawing substituents, such as trifluoromethyl and nitro groups, leads to up to 789-fold increase in the activity. The benzimidazolyl-NH fragments, the relative position and the number of the benzimidazolyl groups on the central phenyl scaffold play an essential role in the transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China.
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24
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Ahmed BM, Mezei G. From Ordinary to Extraordinary: Insights into the Formation Mechanism and pH-Dependent Assembly/Disassembly of Nanojars. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7717-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basil M. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5413, United States
| | - Gellert Mezei
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5413, United States
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25
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26
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Saha T, Hossain MS, Saha D, Lahiri M, Talukdar P. Chloride-Mediated Apoptosis-Inducing Activity of Bis(sulfonamide) Anionophores. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7558-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Munshi Sahid Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Debasis Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Mayurika Lahiri
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Pinaki Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
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27
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Berry SN, Soto-Cerrato V, Howe ENW, Clarke HJ, Mistry I, Tavassoli A, Chang YT, Pérez-Tomás R, Gale PA. Fluorescent transmembrane anion transporters: shedding light on anionophoric activity in cells. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5069-5077. [PMID: 30155156 PMCID: PMC6018715 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01643j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of fluorescent anion transporters have been synthesised and their anion transport properties and interactions with cancer cell lines studied.
A series of fluorescent anion transporters consisting of a urea or thiourea group linked to a naphthalimide fluorophore have been synthesised and their anion transport properties studied. The compounds possess similar anion transport properties to (thio)urea-based anionophores that have previously been reported. Fluorescence studies in cells show all anionophores cross the plasma membrane and localise within the interior of cells. The most lipophilic, aromatic substituted transporters localise homogeneously throughout the cell and are toxic towards cancer cells with the highly fluorinated compound 6 being the most effective. The least lipophilic, alkyl substituted transporters localise in specific vesicles and are non-toxic to cells. This work provides new insight to the actions of anionophores in cells and may be useful in the design of novel antineoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart N Berry
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)23 8059 3332.,Singapore Bioimaging Consortium , Agency for Science , Technology and Research (ASTAR) , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Vanessa Soto-Cerrato
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics , Cancer Cell Biology Research Group , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ethan N W Howe
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)23 8059 3332
| | - Harriet J Clarke
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)23 8059 3332
| | - Ishna Mistry
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)23 8059 3332
| | - Ali Tavassoli
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)23 8059 3332
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium , Agency for Science , Technology and Research (ASTAR) , Singapore 138667 , Singapore.,Department of Chemistry and MedChem Program of Life Sciences Institute , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Tomás
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics , Cancer Cell Biology Research Group , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Philip A Gale
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)23 8059 3332
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28
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Van Rossom W, Asby DJ, Tavassoli A, Gale PA. Perenosins: a new class of anion transporter with anti-cancer activity. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2645-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of anion transporter named ‘perenosins’ consisting of a pyrrole linked through an imine to either an indole, benzimidazole or indazole is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Van Rossom
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Daniel J. Asby
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Ali Tavassoli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Philip A. Gale
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
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29
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Kulikov OV, McCandless GT, Siriwardane DA, Sevryugina YV, Novak BM. Peculiarities of the crystal packing of n-alkyl side chain ureas—precursors in the synthesis of helical polycarbodiimides. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Kulikov OV, Siriwardane DA, McCandless GT, Barnes C, Sevryugina YV, DeSousa JD, Wu J, Sommer R, Novak BM. Self-Assembly ofn-Alkyl- and Aryl-Side Chain Ureas and Their Derivatives as Evidenced by SEM and X-ray Analysis. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Metz AE, Ramalingam K, Kozlowski MC. Xanthene-4,5-diamine derivatives: a study of anion-binding catalysis. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:5180-5184. [PMID: 26321769 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis of a class of anion-binding catalysts based on a xanthene scaffold. Both unsymmetrical catalysts and C2-symmetrical catalysts were generated, and were examined in the cyclization of 3- and 2-substituted furans onto N-acyliminium ions. Good conversion for each reaction was observed with a variety of anion-binding catalysts (42-76%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Metz
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Kailasham Ramalingam
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Marisa C Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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32
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Martí I, Burguete MI, Gale PA, Luis SV. Acyclic Pseudopeptidic Hosts as Molecular Receptors and Transporters for Anions. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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33
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Busschaert N, Caltagirone C, Van Rossom W, Gale PA. Applications of Supramolecular Anion Recognition. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8038-155. [PMID: 25996028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 858] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Caltagirone
- ‡Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Wim Van Rossom
- †Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A Gale
- †Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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34
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Clarke HJ, Van Rossom W, Horton PN, Light ME, Gale PA. Anion transport and binding properties of N N′-(phenylmethylene)dibenzamide based receptors. Supramol Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2015.1034126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wim Van Rossom
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Peter N. Horton
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mark E. Light
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Philip A. Gale
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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35
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Lisbjerg M, Valkenier H, Jessen BM, Al-Kerdi H, Davis AP, Pittelkow M. Biotin[6]uril Esters: Chloride-Selective Transmembrane Anion Carriers Employing C-H···Anion Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4948-51. [PMID: 25851041 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Biotin[6]uril hexaesters represent a new class of anionophores which operate solely through C-H···anion interactions. The use of soft H-bond donors favors the transport of less hydrophilic anions (e.g., Cl(-), NO3(-)) over hard, stongly hydrated anions (e.g., HCO3(-) and SO4(2-)). Especially relevant is the selectivity between chloride and bicarbonate, the major inorganic anions in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micke Lisbjerg
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,‡School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Hennie Valkenier
- ‡School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Bo M Jessen
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Hana Al-Kerdi
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anthony P Davis
- ‡School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Pittelkow
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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36
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Zappacosta R, Fontana A, Credi A, Arduini A, Secchi A. Incorporation of Calix[6]Arene Macrocycles and (Pseudo)Rotaxanes in Bilayer Membranes: Towards Controllable Artificial Liposomal Channels. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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37
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Deng LQ, Li Z, Lu YM, Chen JX, Zhou CQ, Wang B, Chen WH. Synthesis and transmembrane anion/cation symport activity of a rigid bis(choloyl) conjugate functionalized with guanidino groups. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:745-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Li Z, Deng LQ, Chen JX, Zhou CQ, Chen WH. Does lipophilicity affect the effectiveness of a transmembrane anion transporter? Insight from squaramido-functionalized bis(choloyl) conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11761-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01920f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilicity was found to have little effect on the effectiveness of squaramido-functionalized bis(choloyl) conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Qun Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
| | - Jin-Xiang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
| | - Chun-Qiong Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
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39
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Lee EB, Ryu H, Lee I, Choi S, Hong JH, Kim SM, Jeon TJ, Cho DG. Synthetic anion transporters that bear a terminal ethynyl group. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9339-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01903f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-pyrrolic synthetic anion transporters without cytotoxicity are capable of transporting the chloride anion through membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Bee Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Inha University
- Incheon 402-751
- Korea
- Biohybrid Systems Research Center
| | - Hyunil Ryu
- Biohybrid Systems Research Center
- Inha University
- Incheon 402-751
- Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering
| | - Insu Lee
- Biohybrid Systems Research Center
- Inha University
- Incheon 402-751
- Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
| | - Sangbaek Choi
- Biohybrid Systems Research Center
- Inha University
- Incheon 402-751
- Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering
| | - Jung-Ho Hong
- Department of Chemistry
- Inha University
- Incheon 402-751
- Korea
- Biohybrid Systems Research Center
| | - Sun Min Kim
- Biohybrid Systems Research Center
- Inha University
- Incheon 402-751
- Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
| | - Tae-Joon Jeon
- Biohybrid Systems Research Center
- Inha University
- Incheon 402-751
- Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering
| | - Dong-Gyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry
- Inha University
- Incheon 402-751
- Korea
- Biohybrid Systems Research Center
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40
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Valkenier H, Judd LW, Li H, Hussain S, Sheppard DN, Davis AP. Preorganized bis-thioureas as powerful anion carriers: chloride transport by single molecules in large unilamellar vesicles. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:12507-12. [PMID: 25122590 DOI: 10.1021/ja507551z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane anion carriers (anionophores) have potential in biological research and medicine, provided high activities can be obtained. There is particular interest in treating cystic fibrosis (CF), a genetic illness caused by deficient anion transport. Previous work has found that anionophore designs featuring axial ureas on steroid and trans-decalin scaffolds can be especially effective. Here we show that replacement of ureas by thioureas yields substantial further enhancements. Six new bis-thioureas have been prepared and tested for Cl(-)/NO3(-) exchange in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs). The bis-thioureas are typically >10 times more effective than the corresponding ureas and are sufficiently active that transport by molecules acting singly in LUVs is readily detected. The highest activity is shown by decalin 9, which features N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thioureido and octyl ester substituents. A single molecule of transporter 9 in a 200 nm vesicle promotes Cl(-)/NO3(-) exchange with a half-life of 45 s and an absolute rate of 850 chloride anions per second. Weight-for-weight, this carrier is only slightly less effective than CFTR, the natural anion channel associated with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hennie Valkenier
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 4LN, United Kingdom
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41
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Deng LQ, Lu YM, Zhou CQ, Chen JX, Wang B, Chen WH. Synthesis and potent ionophoric activity of a squaramide-linked bis(choloyl) conjugate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2859-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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42
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Haynes CJE, Busschaert N, Kirby IL, Herniman J, Light ME, Wells NJ, Marques I, Félix V, Gale PA. Acylthioureas as anion transporters: the effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:62-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41522h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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43
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Marchal E, Rastogi S, Thompson A, Davis JT. Influence of B-ring modifications on proton affinity, transmembrane anion transport and anti-cancer properties of synthetic prodigiosenes. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7515-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe how modulating the pKaof a family of synthetic prodigiosenes, modified on their B-ring, can control the transmembrane transport of anions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soumya Rastogi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park, USA
| | | | - Jeffery T. Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park, USA
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44
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Kempf J, Noujeim N, Schmitzer AR. 2,4,7-Triphenylbenzimidazole: the monomeric unit of supramolecular helical rod-like transmembrane transporters. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06887d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular compact helical rod as transmembrane anion transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Kempf
- Département de Chimie
- Université de Montréal
- Montréal, Canada
| | - N. Noujeim
- Département de Chimie
- Université de Montréal
- Montréal, Canada
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45
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Busschaert N, Elmes RBP, Czech DD, Wu X, Kirby IL, Peck EM, Hendzel KD, Shaw SK, Chan B, Smith BD, Jolliffe KA, Gale PA. Thiosquaramides: pH switchable anion transporters. Chem Sci 2014; 5:3617-3626. [PMID: 26146535 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01629g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of anions across cellular membranes is an important biological function governed by specialised proteins. In recent years, many small molecules have emerged that mimick the anion transport behaviour of these proteins, but only a few of these synthetic molecules also display the gating/switching behaviour seen in biological systems. A small series of thiosquaramides was synthesised and their pH-dependent chloride binding and anion transport behaviour was investigated using 1H NMR titrations, single crystal X-ray diffraction and a variety of vesicle-based techniques. Spectrophotometric titrations and DFT calculations revealed that the thiosquaramides are significantly more acidic than their oxosquaramide analogues, with pKa values between 4.0 and 9.0. This led to the observation that at pH 7.2 the anion transport ability of the thiosquaramides is fully switched OFF due to deprotonation of the receptor, but is completely switched ON at lower pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert B P Elmes
- School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Dawid D Czech
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Xin Wu
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | - Evan M Peck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - Kevin D Hendzel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - Scott K Shaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - Bun Chan
- School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - Katrina A Jolliffe
- School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Philip A Gale
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK ; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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46
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Valkenier H, Haynes CJE, Herniman J, Gale PA, Davis AP. Lipophilic balance – a new design principle for transmembrane anion carriers. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52962b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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47
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Abstract
In this Account, we discuss the development of new lipid bilayer anion transporters based on the structure of anionophoric natural products (the prodigiosins) and purely synthetic supramolecular systems. We have studied the interaction of these compounds with human cancer cell lines, and, in general, the most active anion transporter compounds possess the greatest anti-cancer properties. Initially, we describe the anion transport properties of synthetic molecules that are based on the structure of the family of natural products known as the prodiginines. Obatoclax, for example, is a prodiginine derivative with an indole ring that is currently in clinical trials for use as an anti-cancer drug. The anion transport properties of the compounds were correlated with their toxicity toward small cell human lung cancer GLC4 cells. We studied related compounds with enamine moieties, tambjamines, that serve as active transporters. These molecules and others in this series could depolarize acidic compartments within GLC4 cells and trigger apoptosis. In a study of the variation of lipophilicity of a series of these compounds, we observed that, as log P increases, the anion transport efficiency reaches a peak and then decreases. In addition, we discuss the anion transport properties of series of synthetic supramolecular anion receptor species. We synthesized trisureas and thioureas based on the tren backbone, and found that the thiourea compounds effectively transport anions. Fluorination of the pendant phenyl groups in this series of compounds greatly enhances the transport properties. Similar to our earlier results, the most active anion transporters reduced the viability of human cancer cell lines by depolarizing acidic compartments in GLC4 cells and triggering apoptosis. In an attempt to produce simpler transporters that obey Lipinski's Rule of Five, we synthesized simpler systems containing a single urea or thiourea group. Once again the thiourea systems, and in particular a thiourea with a pendant indole group, transported anions efficiently. A series of related compounds containing a pendant trifluoromethyl group showed enhanced transport and significant anticancer properties. Researchers still need to determine of the exact mechanism of how these compounds depolarize acidic organelles within cancer cells. However, this work shows that these transporters based upon both natural products and purely synthetic supramolecular systems transport anions, depolarize acidic compartments within cancer cells and trigger apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Gale
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Tomás
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Quesada
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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48
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Valkenier H, Davis AP. Making a match for Valinomycin: steroidal scaffolds in the design of electroneutral, electrogenic anion carriers. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:2898-909. [PMID: 23514113 DOI: 10.1021/ar4000345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The natural product Valinomycin is a well-known transmembrane cation carrier. Despite being uncharged, this molecule can extract potassium ions from water without counterions and ferry them through a membrane interior. Because it only transports positive ions, it is electrogenic, mediating a flow of charge across the membrane. Equivalent agents for anions would be valuable research tools and may have therapeutic applications, especially in the treatment of "channelopathies" such as cystic fibrosis. However, no such molecules have been found in nature. In this Account, we describe our research toward synthetic and rationally designed "anti-Valinomycins". As our core approach to this problem, we used the steroid nucleus, provided by cholic acid, as a scaffold for the assembly of anion receptors. By positioning H-bond donors on this framework, especially urea and thiourea groups in conformationally constrained axial positions, we created binding sites capable of exceptionally high affinities (up to 10(11) M(-1) for R4N(+)Cl(-) in chloroform). The extended hydrocarbon surface of the steroid helped to maintain compatibility with nonpolar media. When we tested these "cholapods" for chloride transport in vesicles, they provided the first evidence for electrogenic anion transport mediated by electroneutral organic carriers: in other words, they are the first authenticated anti-Valinomycins. They also proved active in live cells that we grew and assayed in an Ussing chamber. In subsequent work, we have shown that the cholapods can exhibit very high activities, with transport observed down to carrier/lipid ratios of 1:250,000. We also understand some of the effects of structure on the activity of these molecules. For example, in most cases, powerful transporters also act as powerful receptors. On the other hand, some modifications which favor binding do not promote transport. We gained functional advantages by cyclizing the cholapod architecture, which encloses the anion binding site. We could also simplify the structure without compromising function. A steroid-inspired trans-decalin framework has proved highly effective and may lead to agents with practical advantages. Changing an ester side-chain in this system revealed a surprising effect, whereby increased length and/or lipophilicity resulted in substantially raised activity. Although much remains to be discovered about these anionophores, their high activities and intrinsic tuneabilities bode well for applications. In future work, we plan to develop and exploit these molecules as tools for biophysical research and to explore the possibility of useful biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hennie Valkenier
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P. Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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Gale PA, Busschaert N, Haynes CJE, Karagiannidis LE, Kirby IL. Anion receptor chemistry: highlights from 2011 and 2012. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 43:205-41. [PMID: 24108306 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60316d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers advances in anion complexation in the years 2011 and 2012. The review covers both organic and inorganic systems and also highlights the applications to which anion receptors can be applied such as self-assembly and molecular architecture, sensing, catalysis and anion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Gale
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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50
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Cranwell PB, Hiscock JR, Haynes CJE, Light ME, Wells NJ, Gale PA. Anion recognition and transport properties of sulfamide-, phosphoric triamide- and thiophosphoric triamide-based receptors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:874-6. [PMID: 23247070 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc38198b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies of sulfamide, phosphoric triamide and thiophosphoric triamide-based organocatalysts show that the phosphorus containing systems are effective new hydrogen bonding motifs for the recognition and transport of anions.
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