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Jiang H, Zhu S, Cui Z, Li Z, Liang Y, Zhu J, Hu P, Zhang HL, Hu W. High-performance five-ring-fused organic semiconductors for field-effect transistors. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3071-3122. [PMID: 35319036 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01136g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic molecular semiconductors have been paid great attention due to their advantages of low-temperature processability, low fabrication cost, good flexibility, and excellent electronic properties. As a typical example of five-ring-fused organic semiconductors, a single crystal of pentacene shows a high mobility of up to 40 cm2 V-1 s-1, indicating its potential application in organic electronics. However, the photo- and optical instabilities of pentacene make it unsuitable for commercial applications. But, molecular engineering, for both the five-ring-fused building block and side chains, has been performed to improve the stability of materials as well as maintain high mobility. Here, several groups (thiophenes, pyrroles, furans, etc.) are introduced to design and replace one or more benzene rings of pentacene and construct novel five-ring-fused organic semiconductors. In this review article, ∼500 five-ring-fused organic prototype molecules and their derivatives are summarized to provide a general understanding of this catalogue material for application in organic field-effect transistors. The results indicate that many five-ring-fused organic semiconductors can achieve high mobilities of more than 1 cm2 V-1 s-1, and a hole mobility of up to 18.9 cm2 V-1 s-1 can be obtained, while an electron mobility of 27.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 can be achieved in five-ring-fused organic semiconductors. The HOMO-LUMO levels, the synthesis process, the molecular packing, and the side-chain engineering of five-ring-fused organic semiconductors are analyzed. The current problems, conclusions, and perspectives are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Shengli Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Yanqin Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Jiamin Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Peng Hu
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. .,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
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2
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Cui B, Craven GT, Nitzan A. Heat transport induced by electron transfer: A general temperature quantum calculation. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:194104. [PMID: 34800951 DOI: 10.1063/5.0068303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron transfer dominates chemical processes in biological, inorganic, and material chemistry. Energetic aspects of such phenomena, in particular, the energy transfer associated with the electron transfer process, have received little attention in the past but are important in designing energy conversion devices. This paper generalizes our earlier work in this direction, which was based on the semiclassical Marcus theory of electron transfer. It provides, within a simple model, a unified framework that includes the deep (nuclear) tunneling limit of electron transfer and the associated heat transfer when the donor and acceptor sites are seated in environments characterized by different local temperatures. The electron transfer induced heat conduction is shown to go through a maximum at some intermediate average temperature where quantum effects are already appreciable, and it approaches zero when the average temperature is very high (the classical limit) or very low (deep tunneling).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Galen T Craven
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - Abrahan Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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3
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Jiang Y, Hu Q, Chen H, Zhang J, Chiu DT, McNeill J. Dual‐Mode Superresolution Imaging Using Charge Transfer Dynamics in Semiconducting Polymer Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Haobin Chen
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Jason McNeill
- Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA
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4
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Jiang Y, Hu Q, Chen H, Zhang J, Chiu DT, McNeill J. Dual-Mode Superresolution Imaging Using Charge Transfer Dynamics in Semiconducting Polymer Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16173-16180. [PMID: 32521111 PMCID: PMC7811208 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In a conjugated polymer-based single-particle heterojunction, stochastic fluctuations of the photogenerated hole population lead to spontaneous fluorescence switching. We found that 405 nm irradiation can induce charge recombination and activate the single-particle emission. Based on these phenomena, we developed a novel class of semiconducting polymer dots that can operate in two superresolution imaging modes. The spontaneous switching mode offers efficient imaging of large areas, with <10 nm localization precision, while the photoactivation/deactivation mode offers slower imaging, with further improved localization precision (ca. 1 nm), showing advantages in resolving small structures that require high spatial resolution. Superresolution imaging of microtubules and clathrin-coated pits was demonstrated, under both modes. The excellent localization precision and versatile imaging options provided by these nanoparticles offer clear advantages for imaging of various biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Haobin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Daniel T Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jason McNeill
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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5
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Gautam BR, Younts R, Carpenter J, Ade H, Gundogdu K. The Role of FRET in Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells: Implications for Molecular Design. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3764-3771. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhoj R. Gautam
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, North Carolina 28301, United States
| | - Robert Younts
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Joshua Carpenter
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kenan Gundogdu
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Beaudoin D, Blair-Pereira JN, Langis-Barsetti S, Maris T, Wuest JD. Predictably Ordered Open Hydrogen-Bonded Networks Built from Indeno[1,2-b]fluorenes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8536-8547. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Beaudoin
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | | | - Thierry Maris
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - James D. Wuest
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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7
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Yang QD, Li HW, Cheng Y, Guan Z, Liu T, Ng TW, Lee CS, Tsang SW. Probing the Energy Level Alignment and the Correlation with Open-Circuit Voltage in Solution-Processed Polymeric Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:7283-7290. [PMID: 26926667 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Energy level alignment at the organic donor and acceptor interface is a key to determine the photovoltaic performance in organic solar cells, but direct probing of such energy alignment is still challenging especially for solution-processed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) thin films. Here we report a systematic investigation on probing the energy level alignment with different approaches in five commonly used polymer:[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) BHJ systems. We find that by tuning the weight ratio of polymer to PCBM the electronic features from both polymer and PCBM can be obtained by photoemission spectroscopy. Using this approach, we find that some of the BHJ blends simply follow vacuum level alignment, but others show strong energy level shifting as a result of Fermi level pinning. Independently, by measuring the temperature-dependent open-circuit voltage (VOC), we find that the effective energy gap (Eeff), the energy difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital of the polymer donor (EHOMO-D) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the PCBM acceptor (ELUMO-A), obtained by photoemission spectroscopy in all polymer:PCBM blends has an excellent agreement with the extrapolated VOC at 0 K. Consequently, the photovoltage loss of various organic BHJ photovoltaic devices at room temperature is in a range of 0.3-0.6 V. It is believed that the demonstrated direct measurement approach of the energy level alignment in solution-processed organic BHJ will bring deeper insight into the origin of the VOC and the corresponding photovoltage loss mechanism in organic photovoltaic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Dan Yang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ho-Wa Li
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhang Cheng
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Guan
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Taili Liu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Tsz-Wai Ng
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Sai-Wing Tsang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Tong J, Guo P, Zhang H, Li J, Zhang P, Yang C, Chen D, Xia Y. Synthesis of modified benzothiadiazole-thiophene-cored acceptor and carbazole/indolocarbazole alternating conjugated polymers and their photovoltaic applications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-014-1292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Abedi S, Tehrani AA, Morsali A. Mechanochemical synthesis of isoreticular metal–organic frameworks and comparative study of their potential for nitrobenzene sensing. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00153f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of halogen containing IRMOFs were synthesized mechanochemically and their sensing properties for nitrobenzene were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Abedi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | | | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
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10
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Dinaphtho-s-indacene-based copolymers for inverted organic solar cells with high open-circuit voltages. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Photovoltaic performance and charge recombination dynamics of P3HT/PCBM blend heterojunction. Chem Res Chin Univ 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-013-3152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Influence of crystallinity and energetics on charge separation in polymer-inorganic nanocomposite films for solar cells. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1531. [PMID: 23524906 PMCID: PMC3607122 DOI: 10.1038/srep01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissociation of photogenerated excitons and the subsequent spatial separation of the charges are of crucial importance to the design of efficient donor-acceptor heterojunction solar cells. While huge progress has been made in understanding charge generation at all-organic junctions, the process in hybrid organic:inorganic systems has barely been addressed. Here, we explore the influence of energetic driving force and local crystallinity on the efficiency of charge pair generation at hybrid organic:inorganic semiconductor heterojunctions. We use x-ray diffraction, photoluminescence quenching, transient absorption spectroscopy, photovoltaic device and electroluminescence measurements to demonstrate that the dissociation of photogenerated polaron pairs at hybrid heterojunctions is assisted by the presence of crystalline electron acceptor domains. We propose that such domains encourage delocalization of the geminate pair state. The present findings suggest that the requirement for a large driving energy for charge separation is relaxed when a more crystalline electron acceptor is used.
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Rao A, Chow PCY, Gélinas S, Schlenker CW, Li CZ, Yip HL, Jen AKY, Ginger DS, Friend RH. The role of spin in the kinetic control of recombination in organic photovoltaics. Nature 2013; 500:435-9. [PMID: 23925118 DOI: 10.1038/nature12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In biological complexes, cascade structures promote the spatial separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, preventing their recombination. In contrast, the photogenerated excitons in organic photovoltaic cells are dissociated at a single donor-acceptor heterojunction formed within a de-mixed blend of the donor and acceptor semiconductors. The nanoscale morphology and high charge densities give a high rate of electron-hole encounters, which should in principle result in the formation of spin-triplet excitons, as in organic light-emitting diodes. Although organic photovoltaic cells would have poor quantum efficiencies if every encounter led to recombination, state-of-the-art examples nevertheless demonstrate near-unity quantum efficiency. Here we show that this suppression of recombination arises through the interplay between spin, energetics and delocalization of electronic excitations in organic semiconductors. We use time-resolved spectroscopy to study a series of model high-efficiency polymer-fullerene systems in which the lowest-energy molecular triplet exciton (T1) for the polymer is lower in energy than the intermolecular charge transfer state. We observe the formation of T1 states following bimolecular recombination, indicating that encounters of spin-uncorrelated electrons and holes generate charge transfer states with both spin-singlet ((1)CT) and spin-triplet ((3)CT) characters. We show that the formation of triplet excitons can be the main loss mechanism in organic photovoltaic cells. But we also find that, even when energetically favoured, the relaxation of (3)CT states to T1 states can be strongly suppressed by wavefunction delocalization, allowing for the dissociation of (3)CT states back to free charges, thereby reducing recombination and enhancing device performance. Our results point towards new design rules both for photoconversion systems, enabling the suppression of electron-hole recombination, and for organic light-emitting diodes, avoiding the formation of triplet excitons and enhancing fluorescence efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
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14
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Organic solar cells: understanding the role of Förster resonance energy transfer. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:17019-47. [PMID: 23235328 PMCID: PMC3546737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131217019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic solar cells have the potential to become a low-cost sustainable energy source. Understanding the photoconversion mechanism is key to the design of efficient organic solar cells. In this review, we discuss the processes involved in the photo-electron conversion mechanism, which may be subdivided into exciton harvesting, exciton transport, exciton dissociation, charge transport and extraction stages. In particular, we focus on the role of energy transfer as described by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) theory in the photoconversion mechanism. FRET plays a major role in exciton transport, harvesting and dissociation. The spectral absorption range of organic solar cells may be extended using sensitizers that efficiently transfer absorbed energy to the photoactive materials. The limitations of Förster theory to accurately calculate energy transfer rates are discussed. Energy transfer is the first step of an efficient two-step exciton dissociation process and may also be used to preferentially transport excitons to the heterointerface, where efficient exciton dissociation may occur. However, FRET also competes with charge transfer at the heterointerface turning it in a potential loss mechanism. An energy cascade comprising both energy transfer and charge transfer may aid in separating charges and is briefly discussed. Considering the extent to which the photo-electron conversion efficiency is governed by energy transfer, optimisation of this process offers the prospect of improved organic photovoltaic performance and thus aids in realising the potential of organic solar cells.
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Zhang W, Zhao NJ, Huo MM, Fu LM, Ai XC, Zhang JP. Subnanosecond charge recombination dynamics in P3HT/PC61BM films. Molecules 2012; 17:13923-36. [PMID: 23178308 PMCID: PMC6268940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171213923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast near-infrared absorption spectroscopy was used to investigate the influence of film morphology and excitation photon energy on the charge recombination (CR) dynamics in the initial nanosecond timescale in the P3HT/PC(61)BM blend films. With reference to the CS(2)-cast films, the solvent vapor annealed (SVA) ones show 2–3-fold improvement in hole mobility and more than 5-fold reduction in the polymer-localized trap states of holes. At Dt = 70 ps, the hole mobility (m(h)) and the bimolecular CR rate (γ(bi)) of the SVA films are μ(h) = 8.7 × 10(−4) cm2 × s(−1) × V(−1) and γ(bi) = 4.5 × 10(−10) cm3 × s(−1), whereas at Δt = 1 ns they drop to 8.7 × 10(−5) cm2 × s(−1) × V(−1) and 4.6 × 10(−11) cm3 × s(−1), respectively. In addition, upon increasing the hole concentration, the hole mobility increases substantially faster under the above-gap photoexcitation than it does under the band-gap photoexcitation, irrespective of the film morphologies. The results point to the importance of utilizing the photogenerated free charges in the early timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Center for Condensed Matter Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; (N.-J.Z.); (M.-M.H.); (L.-M.F.); (X.-C.A.)
| | - Ning-Jiu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; (N.-J.Z.); (M.-M.H.); (L.-M.F.); (X.-C.A.)
| | - Ming-Ming Huo
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; (N.-J.Z.); (M.-M.H.); (L.-M.F.); (X.-C.A.)
| | - Li-Min Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; (N.-J.Z.); (M.-M.H.); (L.-M.F.); (X.-C.A.)
| | - Xi-Cheng Ai
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; (N.-J.Z.); (M.-M.H.); (L.-M.F.); (X.-C.A.)
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Center for Condensed Matter Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; (N.-J.Z.); (M.-M.H.); (L.-M.F.); (X.-C.A.)
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16
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The influence of additive property on performance of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. Polym Bull (Berl) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-012-0721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Jamieson FC, Domingo EB, McCarthy-Ward T, Heeney M, Stingelin N, Durrant JR. Fullerenecrystallisation as a key driver of charge separation in polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00674f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Faist MA, Kirchartz T, Gong W, Ashraf RS, McCulloch I, de Mello JC, Ekins-Daukes NJ, Bradley DDC, Nelson J. Competition between the Charge Transfer State and the Singlet States of Donor or Acceptor Limiting the Efficiency in Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:685-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ja210029w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence
and Optical Information, Ministry of Education and Institute of Optoelectronics
Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
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