1
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Ijaz R, Waqas M, Mahal A, Essid M, Zghab I, Khera RA, Alotaibi HF, Al-Haideri M, Alshomrany AS, Zahid S, Alatawi NS, Aloui Z. Tuning the optoelectronic properties of selenophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole-based non-fullerene acceptor to obtain efficient organic solar cells through end-capped modification. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 129:108745. [PMID: 38442441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
With the goal of developing a high-performance organic solar cell, nine molecules of A2-D-A1-D-A2 type are originated in the current investigation. The optoelectronic properties of all the proposed compounds are examined by employing the DFT approach and the B3LYP functional with a 6-31G (d, p) basis set. By substituting the terminal moieties of reference molecule with newly proposed acceptor groups, several optoelectronic and photovoltaic characteristics of OSCs have been studied, which are improved to a significant level when compared with reference molecule, i.e., absorption properties, excitation energy, exciton binding energy, band gap, oscillator strength, electrostatic potential, light-harvesting efficiency, transition density matrix, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, density of states and interaction coefficient. All the newly developed molecules (P1-P9) have improved λmax, small band gap, high oscillator strengths, and low excitation energies compared to the reference molecule. Among all the studied compounds, P9 possesses the least binding energy (0.24 eV), P8 has high interaction coefficient (0.70842), P3 has improved electron mobility due to the least electron reorganization energy (λe = 0.009182 eV), and P5 illustrates high light-harvesting efficiency (0.7180). P8 and P9 displayed better Voc results (1.32 eV and 1.33 eV, respectively) and FF (0.9049 and 0.9055, respectively). Likewise, the phenomenon of charge transfer in the PTB7-Th/P1 blend seems to be a marvelous attempt to introduce them in organic photovoltaics. Consequently, the outcomes of these parameters demonstrate that adding new acceptors to reference molecule is substantial for the breakthrough development of organic solar cells (OSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Ijaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Manel Essid
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imen Zghab
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan, 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Al-Haideri
- Pharmacy Department, School of Medicine, University of Kurdistan Hewlêr, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ali S Alshomrany
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Taif HWY, Mecca 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saba Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Naifa S Alatawi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zouhaier Aloui
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Ali S, Akhter MS, Waqas M, Zubair H, Bhatti HN, Mahal A, Shawky AM, Alkhouri A, Khera RA. End-capped engineering of Quinoxaline core-based non-fullerene acceptor materials with improved power conversion efficiency. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 127:108699. [PMID: 38150839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Improving the light-harvesting efficiency and boosting open circuit voltage are crucial challenges for enhancing the efficiency of organic solar cells. This work introduces seven new molecules (SA1-SA7) to upgrade the optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties of Q-C-F molecule-based solar cells. All recently designed molecules have the same alkyl-substituted Quinoxaline core and CPDT donor but vary in the end-capped acceptor subunits. All the investigated molecules have revealed superior properties than the model (R) by having absorbance ranging from 681 nm to 782 nm in the gaseous medium while 726 nm-861 nm in chloroform solvent, with the lowest band gap ranging from 1.91 to 2.19 eV SA1 molecule demonstrated the highest λmax (861 nm) in chloroform solvent and the lowest band gap (1.91 eV). SA2 molecule has manifested highest dipole moment (4.5089 D), lower exciton binding energy in gaseous (0.33 eV) and chloroform solvent (0.47 eV), and lower charge mobility of hole (0.0077693) and electron (0.0042470). At the same time, SA7 showed the highest open circuit voltage (1.56 eV) and fill factor (0.9166) due to solid electron-pulling acceptor moieties. From these supportive outcomes, it is inferred that our computationally investigated molecules may be promising candidates to be used in advanced versions of OSCs in the upcoming period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salim Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P. O. Box 32028, Bahrain
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hira Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Alkhouri
- College of Pharmacy, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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3
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Noor T, Waqas M, Shaban M, Hameed S, Ateeq-ur-Rehman, Ahmed SB, Alrafai HA, Al-Saeedi SI, Ibrahim MAA, Hadia NMA, Khera RA, Hassan AA. Designing Thieno[3,4- c]pyrrole-4,6-dione Core-Based, A 2-D-A 1-D-A 2-Type Acceptor Molecules for Promising Photovoltaic Parameters in Organic Photovoltaic Cells. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6403-6422. [PMID: 38375499 PMCID: PMC10876087 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Nonfullerene-based organic solar cells can be utilized as favorable photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices due to their enhanced life span and efficiency. In this research, seven new molecules were designed to improve the working efficiency of organic solar cells by utilizing a terminal acceptor modification approach. The perceived A2-D-A1-D-A2 configuration-based molecules possess a lower band gap ranging from 1.95 to 2.21 eV compared to the pre-existing reference molecule (RW), which has a band gap of 2.23 eV. The modified molecules also exhibit higher λmax values ranging from 672 to 768 nm in the gaseous and 715-839 nm in solvent phases, respectively, as compared to the (RW) molecule, which has λmax values at 673 and 719 nm in gas and chloroform medium, respectively. The ground state geometries, molecular planarity parameter, and span of deviation from the plane were analyzed to study the planarity of all of the molecules. The natural transition orbitals, the density of state, molecular electrostatic potential, noncovalent interactions, frontier molecular orbitals, and transition density matrix analysis of all studied molecules were executed to validate the optoelectronic properties of these molecules. Improved charge mobilities and dipole moments were observed, as newly designed molecules possessed lower internal reorganization energies. The open circuit voltage (Voc) of W4, W5, W6, and W7 among newly designed molecules was improved as compared to the reference molecule. These results elaborate on the superiority of these novel-designed molecules over the pre-existing (RW) molecule as potential blocks for better organic solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeela Noor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic
University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Nanophotonics
and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Shanza Hameed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ateeq-ur-Rehman
- Department
of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Samia Ben Ahmed
- Departement
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. A. Alrafai
- Departement
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi
- Department
of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- School
of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - N. M. A. Hadia
- Physics
Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 2014, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abeer A. Hassan
- Departement
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of chemistry, Faculty of science for Girls, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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4
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Maier JC, Wang CI, Jackson NE. Distilling coarse-grained representations of molecular electronic structure with continuously gated message passing. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:024109. [PMID: 38193551 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Bottom-up methods for coarse-grained (CG) molecular modeling are critically needed to establish rigorous links between atomistic reference data and reduced molecular representations. For a target molecule, the ideal reduced CG representation is a function of both the conformational ensemble of the system and the target physical observable(s) to be reproduced at the CG resolution. However, there is an absence of algorithms for selecting CG representations of molecules from which complex properties, including molecular electronic structure, can be accurately modeled. We introduce continuously gated message passing (CGMP), a graph neural network (GNN) method for atomically decomposing molecular electronic structure sampled over conformational ensembles. CGMP integrates 3D-invariant GNNs and a novel gated message passing system to continuously reduce the atomic degrees of freedom accessible for electronic predictions, resulting in a one-shot importance ranking of atoms contributing to a target molecular property. Moreover, CGMP provides the first approach by which to quantify the degeneracy of "good" CG representations conditioned on specific prediction targets, facilitating the development of more transferable CG representations. We further show how CGMP can be used to highlight multiatom correlations, illuminating a path to developing CG electronic Hamiltonians in terms of interpretable collective variables for arbitrarily complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Charlie Maier
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Chun-I Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Nicholas E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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5
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Tecmer P, Gałyńska M, Szczuczko L, Boguslawski K. Geminal-Based Strategies for Modeling Large Building Blocks of Organic Electronic Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9909-9917. [PMID: 37903084 PMCID: PMC10641881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
We elaborate on unconventional electronic structure methods based on geminals and their potential to advance the rapidly developing field of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Specifically, we focus on the computational advantages of geminal-based methods over standard approaches and identify the critical aspects of OPV development. Examples are reliable and efficient computations of orbital energies, electronic spectra, and van der Waals interactions. Geminal-based models can also be combined with quantum embedding techniques and a quantum information analysis of orbital interactions to gain a fundamental understanding of the electronic structures and properties of realistic OPV building blocks. Furthermore, other organic components present in, for instance, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) represent another promising scope of application. Finally, we provide numerical examples predicting the properties of a small building block of OPV components and two carbazole-based dyes proposed as possible DSSC sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Tecmer
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics,
Astronomy, and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus
University in Toruń, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Gałyńska
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics,
Astronomy, and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus
University in Toruń, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Lena Szczuczko
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics,
Astronomy, and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus
University in Toruń, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Katharina Boguslawski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics,
Astronomy, and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus
University in Toruń, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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6
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Cao Z, Tolba SA, Li Z, Mason GT, Wang Y, Do C, Rondeau-Gagné S, Xia W, Gu X. Molecular Structure and Conformational Design of Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers to Enable Predictable Optoelectronic Property. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302178. [PMID: 37318244 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the optoelectronic properties of donor-acceptor conjugated polymers (D-A CPs) is of great importance in designing various organic optoelectronic devices. However, there remains a critical challenge in precise control of bandgap through synthetic approach, since the chain conformation also affects molecular orbital energy levels. Here, D-A CPs with different acceptor units are explored that show an opposite trend in energy band gaps with the increasing length of oligothiophene donor units. By investigating their chain conformation and molecular orbital energy, it is found that the molecular orbital energy alignment between donor and acceptor units plays a crucial role in dictating the final optical bandgap of D-A CPs. For polymers with staggered orbital energy alignment, the higher HOMO with increasing oligothiophene length leads to a narrowing of the optical bandgap despite decreased chain rigidity. On the other hand, for polymers with sandwiched orbital energy alignment, the increased band gap with increasing oligothiophene length originates from the reduction of bandwidth due to more localized charge density distribution. Thus, this work provides a molecular understanding of the role of backbone building blocks on the chain conformation and bandgaps of D-A CPs for organic optoelectronic devices through the conformation design and segment orbital energy alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Cao
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Sara A Tolba
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Zhaofan Li
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Gage T Mason
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B3P4, Canada
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Changwoo Do
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B3P4, Canada
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
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7
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Bhat V, Callaway CP, Risko C. Computational Approaches for Organic Semiconductors: From Chemical and Physical Understanding to Predicting New Materials. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37141497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
While a complete understanding of organic semiconductor (OSC) design principles remains elusive, computational methods─ranging from techniques based in classical and quantum mechanics to more recent data-enabled models─can complement experimental observations and provide deep physicochemical insights into OSC structure-processing-property relationships, offering new capabilities for in silico OSC discovery and design. In this Review, we trace the evolution of these computational methods and their application to OSCs, beginning with early quantum-chemical methods to investigate resonance in benzene and building to recent machine-learning (ML) techniques and their application to ever more sophisticated OSC scientific and engineering challenges. Along the way, we highlight the limitations of the methods and how sophisticated physical and mathematical frameworks have been created to overcome those limitations. We illustrate applications of these methods to a range of specific challenges in OSCs derived from π-conjugated polymers and molecules, including predicting charge-carrier transport, modeling chain conformations and bulk morphology, estimating thermomechanical properties, and describing phonons and thermal transport, to name a few. Through these examples, we demonstrate how advances in computational methods accelerate the deployment of OSCsin wide-ranging technologies, such as organic photovoltaics (OPVs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic thermoelectrics, organic batteries, and organic (bio)sensors. We conclude by providing an outlook for the future development of computational techniques to discover and assess the properties of high-performing OSCs with greater accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Bhat
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Connor P Callaway
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
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8
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Hacıefendioǧlu T, Yildirim E. Design Principles for the Acceptor Units in Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:38969-38978. [PMID: 36340112 PMCID: PMC9631416 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
More than 50 different acceptor units from the experimental literature have been modeled, analyzed, and compared by using the computationally extracted data from the density functional theory (DFT) perspective for tetramer structures in the form of (D-B-A-B)4 (D, donor; A, acceptor; B, bridge) with fixed donor and bridge units. Comparison of dihedral angle between acceptor, donor, and bridge units, bond order, and hyperpolarizability reveals that these three structural properties have a dominant effect on the frontier electronic energy levels of the acceptor units. Systematic investigation of the structural properties has demonstrated the band gap energy dependency of the acceptor units on the planarity, conjugation, and the electron delocalization. Substitution effect, morphological alternation, and insertion of π-electron deficient atoms in A unit have also an important role to determine physical properties of the donor-acceptor conjugated polymers. This benchmark study will be beneficial for the band gap engineering and molecular design of the donor-acceptor copolymers using different acceptor units for the organic electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erol Yildirim
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department
of Polymer Science and Technology, Middle
East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Middle East
Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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9
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Hiener DC, Hutchison GR. Pareto Optimization of Oligomer Polarizability and Dipole Moment Using a Genetic Algorithm. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2750-2760. [PMID: 35471827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
High-performance electronic components are highly sought after in order to produce increasingly smaller and cheaper electronic devices. Drawing inspiration from inorganic dielectric materials, in which both polarizability and polarization contribute, organic materials can also maximize both. For a large set of small molecules drawn from PubChem, a Pareto-like front appears between the polarizability and dipole moment, indicating the presence of an apparent trade-off between these two properties. We tested this balance in π-conjugated materials by searching for novel conjugated hexamers with simultaneously large polarizabilities and dipole moments with potential use for dielectric materials. Using a genetic algorithm (GA) screening technique in conjunction with an approximate density functional tight-binding method for property calculations, we were able to efficiently search chemical space for optimal hexamers. Given the scope of chemical space, using the GA technique saves considerable time and resources by speeding up molecular searches compared to a systematic search. We also explored the underlying structure-function relationships, including sequence and monomer properties, that characterize large polarizability and dipole moment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C Hiener
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Geoffrey R Hutchison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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10
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Lima IT, da Silva Crispim J, de Sá Neto OP, de Sousa Júnior RT, Ribeiro Júnior LA, da Silva Filho DA. Organic Electronics from Nature: Computational Investigation of the Electronic and Optical Properties of the Isomers of Bixin and Norbixin Present in the Achiote Seeds. Molecules 2022; 27:2138. [PMID: 35408535 PMCID: PMC9000294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic compounds have been employed in developing new green energy solutions with good cost-efficiency compromise, such as photovoltaics. The light-harvesting process in these applications is a crucial feature that still needs improvements. Here, we studied natural dyes to propose an alternative for enhancing the light-harvesting capability of photovoltaics. We performed density functional theory calculations to investigate the electronic and optical properties of the four natural dyes found in achiote seeds (Bixa orellana L.). Different DFT functionals, and basis sets, were used to calculate the electronic and optical properties of the bixin, norbixin, and their trans-isomers (molecules present in Bixa orellana L.). We observed that the planarity of the molecules and their similar extension for the conjugation pathways provide substantially delocalized wavefunctions of the frontier orbitals and similar values for their energies. Our findings also revealed a strong absorption peak in the blue region and an absorption band over the visible spectrum. These results indicate that Bixa orellana L. molecules can be good candidates for improving light-harvesting in photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igo Tôrres Lima
- Coordenação do Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Ciência e Tecnologia, Campus Dom Delgado, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil;
| | - Josiel da Silva Crispim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Rua João Cabral 2231, Teresina 64002-150, PI, Brazil;
| | - Olimpio Pereira de Sá Neto
- Coordenação de Ciência da Computação, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Parnaiba 65202-220, PI, Brazil;
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CP 68.528, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, RJ, Brazil
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11
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12
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Li S, Chen Y, Li Z, Zhang J, Chen J, Geng Y, Su Z. Theoretical design and characterization of new terpolymer donors based on PTB7Ir for high-efficiency triplet-material-based organic photovoltaics. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8578-8587. [PMID: 35424787 PMCID: PMC8985101 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00033d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current work, eleven terpolymer donors with different electron-withdrawing groups were designed and investigated based on the reported PTB7Ir to screen outstanding donors for triplet-material-based organic photovoltaics (T-OPVs). Geometry structures, frontier molecular orbital energy levels, energy driving forces (ΔEL–L), absorption spectra, energy differences between S1 and T1 states (ΔEST), and driving forces of the triplet charge recombination (−ΔGCRT) of PTB7Ir and designed 1–11 systems were evaluated by DFT and TD-DFT methods to estimate the light absorption abilities and the charge transfer dynamics. The results show that designed 5, 8, 10 and 11 possess larger spin–orbit couplings (SOC) affinity and smaller ΔEST and −ΔGCRT values, which could effectively suppress the triplet charge recombination process at the donor/acceptor interface. Excitingly, the designed terpolymer 10 presents enhanced light absorption, revealing that it will be a promising donor candidate for high-performance T-OPV devices. Moreover, the results can provide theoretical guidelines to predict new terpolymer donors of T-OPVs. Compared with PTB7Ir, the designed terpolymer 10 will be a promising donor candidate for high-performance T-OPVs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangbao Li
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, P. R. China
| | - Jianpo Zhang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, P. R. China
| | - Yun Geng
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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13
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Chaudhry S, Wu Y, Cao Z, Li S, Canada JL, Gu X, Risko C, Mei J. Evolution of Chain Dynamics and Oxidation States with Increasing Chain Length for a Donor–Acceptor-Conjugated Oligomer Series. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Chaudhry
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yukun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Shi Li
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research (CAER), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Jodie L. Canada
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research (CAER), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research (CAER), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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14
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Wei J, Li J, Yu C, Sun Q, He J, Lu J. Application of ion-in-conjugation molecules in resistive memories and gas sensors: The role of conjugation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Alesadi A, Fatima F, Xia W, Kilin D. First-Principles Study on the Electronic Properties of PDPP-Based Conjugated Polymer via Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8953-8964. [PMID: 34324337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we focus on computational predictions of the electronic and optical properties of a one-dimensional periodic model of a single chain of a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based conjugated polymer (PDPP3T) as a function of electronic configuration changes due to charge injection. We employ density functional theory (DFT) to explore the ground-state and excited-state electronic properties as well as optical properties influenced by charge injection. We utilize both the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE06) and Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functionals to predict the band gap and compute the absorption spectrum. Our DFT results point out that utilizing the HSE06 functional in conjunction with momentum sampling over the Brillouin zone can appropriately predict the band gap and absorption spectrum in good agreement with experimental data. Moreover, we explore the influence of charge-carrier injection on the electronic configuration of the PDPP3T polymer. Our results indicate that the injection of charge carriers into the PDPP3T semiconducting polymer model greatly affects the electrical properties and ends in a low band gap and high mobility of charge carriers in PDPP3T polymers, offering the potential to tailor the material electronic performance for organic photovoltaic and optoelectronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhadi Alesadi
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - F Fatima
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States.,Materials and Nanotechnology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Dmitri Kilin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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16
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Chang X, Balooch Qarai M, Spano FC. HJ-aggregates of donor-acceptor-donor oligomers and polymers. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:034905. [PMID: 34293903 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A vibronic exciton model is developed to account for the spectral signatures of HJ-aggregates of oligomers and polymers containing donor-acceptor-donor (DAD) repeat units. In (DAD)N π-stacks, J-aggregate-promoting intrachain interactions compete with H-aggregate-promoting interchain interactions. The latter includes Coulombic coupling, which arises from "side-by-side" fragment transition dipole moments as well as intermolecular charge transfer (ICT), which is enhanced in geometries with substantial overlap between donors on one chain and acceptors on a neighboring chain. J-behavior is dominant in single (DAD)N chains with enhanced intrachain order as evidenced by an increased red-shift in the low-energy absorption band along with a heightened A1/A2 peak ratio, where A1 and A2 are the oscillator strengths of the first two vibronic peaks in the progression sourced by the symmetric quinoidal-aromatic vibration. By contrast, the positive H-promoting interchain Coulomb interactions operative in aggregates cause the vibronic ratio to attenuate, similar to what has been established in H-aggregates of homopolymers such as P3HT. An attenuated A1/A2 ratio can also be caused by H-promoting ICT which occurs when the electron and hole transfer integrals are out-of-phase. In this case, the A1 peak is red-shifted, in contrast to conventional Kasha H-aggregates. With slight modifications, the ratio formula derived previously for P3HT aggregates is shown to apply to (DAD)N aggregates as well, allowing one to determine the effective free-exciton interchain coupling from the A1/A2 ratio. Applications are made to polymers based on 2T-DPP-2T and 2T-BT-2T repeat units, where the importance of the admixture of the excited acceptor state in the lowest energy band is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | | | - Frank C Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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17
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Liu Z, Chen Y, Hu Y, Dong J, Wen J, Gao J, Li P. Optimizing molecular alignment to reduce dark current via side-chain engineering for high-performance polymer photodetector. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Balooch Qarai M, Chang X, Spano FC. Vibronic exciton model for low bandgap donor–acceptor polymers. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:244901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0029193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - F. C. Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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19
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Ahmed S, Kalita DJ. Rational design of BODIPY-carbazole analogues in the context of D-π-A approach for facile charge transport: A DFT/TD-DFT study. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 100:107631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Interaction of Several Toxic Heterocarbonyl Gases with Polypyrrole as a Potential Gas Sensor. CHEMOSENSORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors8030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of the toxic heterocarbonyl gases phosgene, carbonyl fluoride, formaldehyde, carbonyl sulfide, and acetone with polypyrrole as a toxic heterocarbonyl gas sensor, were extensively studied by density functional theory (DFT). The Becke 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) exchange-correlation functional methods were first tested against several high-level DFT methods employing the Dunning’s double-ζ and triple-ζ basis sets and were found to be sufficient in describing the non-covalent interactions involved in this study. The interaction of pyrrole with the heterocarbonyl gases resulted in changes in the structure and optoelectronic properties of the polymer and it was observed that acetone and formaldehyde had the strongest H-bonding interaction with polypyrrole, while the interaction of phosgene and formaldehyde resulted in the lowest energy gap and may result in its high sensitivity towards these gases. The UV-Vis absorption revealed significant red-shifted first singlet excited states (Eexcited, 1st) of the complexes and follows the same trend as the EGap values. It is shown that the Eexcited, 1st was due to the π(HOMOPy) ⟶ π*(LUMOHC) transitions and the excited state at maximum absorption (Eexcited, max) was due to the π(HOMOPy) ⟶ π*(LUMOPy) transitions. This study demonstrates the potential sensitivity and selectivity of polypyrrole as a toxic heterocarbonyl sensor.
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21
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Effects of Intra- and Interchain Interactions on Exciton Dynamics of PTB7 Revealed by Model Oligomers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102441. [PMID: 32456192 PMCID: PMC7287679 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that molecular aggregation structures in precursor solutions of organic photovoltaic (OPV) polymers have substantial influence on polymer film morphology, exciton and charge carrier transport dynamics, and hence, the resultant device performance. To distinguish photophysical impacts due to increasing π-conjugation from chain lengthening and π–π stacking from single/multi chain aggregation in solution and film, we used oligomers of a well-studied charge transfer polymer PTB7 with different lengths as models to reveal intrinsic photophysical properties of a conjugated segment in the absence of inter-segment aggregation. In comparison with previously studied photophysical properties in polymeric PTB7, we found that oligomer dynamics are dominated by a process of planarization of the conjugated backbone into a quinoidal structure that resembles the self-folded polymer and that, when its emission is isolated, this quinoidal excited state resembling the planar polymer chain exhibits substantial charge transfer character via solvent-dependent emission shifts. Furthermore, the oligomers distinctly lack the long-lived charge separated species characteristic of PTB7, suggesting that the progression from charge transfer character in isolated chains to exciton splitting in neat polymer solution is modulated by the interchain interactions enabled by self-folding.
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22
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Tirimbò G, Sundaram V, Çaylak O, Scharpach W, Sijen J, Junghans C, Brown J, Ruiz FZ, Renaud N, Wehner J, Baumeier B. Excited-state electronic structure of molecules using many-body Green's functions: Quasiparticles and electron-hole excitations with VOTCA-XTP. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:114103. [PMID: 32199411 DOI: 10.1063/1.5144277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the open-source VOTCA-XTP software for the calculation of the excited-state electronic structure of molecules using many-body Green's function theory in the GW approximation with the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE). This work provides a summary of the underlying theory and discusses the details of its implementation based on Gaussian orbitals, including resolution-of-identity techniques and different approaches to the frequency integration of the self-energy or acceleration by offloading compute-intensive matrix operations using graphics processing units in a hybrid OpenMP/Cuda scheme. A distinctive feature of VOTCA-XTP is the capability to couple the calculation of electronic excitations to a classical polarizable environment on an atomistic level in a coupled quantum- and molecular-mechanics (QM/MM) scheme, where a complex morphology can be imported from Molecular Dynamics simulations. The capabilities and limitations of the GW-BSE implementation are illustrated with two examples. First, we study the dependence of optically active electron-hole excitations in a series of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based oligomers on molecular-architecture modifications and the number of repeat units. Second, we use the GW-BSE/MM setup to investigate the effect of polarization on localized and intermolecular charge-transfer excited states in morphologies of low-donor content rubrene-fullerene mixtures. These showcases demonstrate that our implementation currently allows us to treat systems with up to 2500 basis functions on regular shared-memory workstations, providing accurate descriptions of quasiparticle and coupled electron-hole excited states of various characters on an equal footing.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tirimbò
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - V Sundaram
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - O Çaylak
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - W Scharpach
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J Sijen
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - C Junghans
- Computer, Computational, and Statistical Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Brown
- Computer, Computational, and Statistical Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F Zapata Ruiz
- Netherlands eScience Center, Science Park 140, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Renaud
- Netherlands eScience Center, Science Park 140, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Wehner
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - B Baumeier
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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23
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Franco FC. Tuning the optoelectronic properties of oligothiophenes for solar cell applications by varying the number of cyano and fluoro substituents for solar cell applications: A theoretical study. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819893884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modifications through substitution are observed to be effective in controlling the optoelectronic properties of various polymers for different applications. In this study, density functional theory–based calculations are employed to investigate the optoelectronic properties of several oligothiophenes based on poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) by varying the number of fluoro and cyano substituents attached. The resulting structures of the polymer derivatives are affected by the electrostatic interactions between the cyano or fluoro groups and the adjacent thiophene unit. Of the two, cyano substitution results in much lower frontier orbital energies for the same number of substituents. It was observed that a decrease in the highest occupied molecule orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies correlates very strongly with the number of cyano and fluoro substituents. The effect of the cyano and fluoro groups on the frontier orbitals is also demonstrated and observed to correlate strongly with a lowering of the highest occupied molecule orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies as the number of substituents is varied. The predicted solar cell characteristics reveal that most cyano and fluoro derivatives will have improved characteristics compared to unsubstituted poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl). This theoretical study shows that by varying the number of electron-withdrawing substituents, the optoelectronic properties may be tuned for solar cell applications.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Ruipérez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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25
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Wang Q, Zeng Z, Chen X, Liu Q, Xu M. Rational design non-fullerene acceptor-based high efficiency BHJ polymer solar cells through theoretical investigations. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.111985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Shavez M, Goswami J, Panda AN. Effect of fluorination of the donor unit on the properties of benzodithiophene-triazole based donor-acceptor systems for polymer solar cells: A computational investigation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.112564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Köse ME. Theoretical Estimation of Donor Strength of Common Conjugated Units for Organic Electronics. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5566-5573. [PMID: 31180664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Donor strength of commonly used conjugated building blocks in organic electronics were investigated with density functional theory. The donor molecules were coupled to thiophene-incorporated acceptor groups, and electronic structure calculations were performed for the energies of frontier orbitals, total charge on donors, and particle probability distribution. A novel approach is also developed to analyze the large set of data on frontier orbitals. The electron donating ability of a donor was determined by comparing the highest occupied molecular orbital energies of the calculated structures. The effect of selected acceptor group and chosen functional method were also investigated to accurately determine the donor strength of each conjugated building block. Ethylenedioxythiophene, propylenedioxythiophene, and triphenylamine derivatives were found to be best donors among the conjugated units investigated. Such a comparative analysis of donor strengths is believed to be useful for researchers in designing novel organic semiconductors for organic electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet E Köse
- Department of Chemistry , Kocaeli University , Kocaeli 41380 , Turkey
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28
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Matt C, Lombeck F, Sommer M, Biskup T. Impact of Side Chains of Conjugated Polymers on Electronic Structure: A Case Study. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E870. [PMID: 31086059 PMCID: PMC6572471 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing from solution is a crucial aspect of organic semiconductors, as it is at the heart of the promise of easy and inexpensive manufacturing of devices. Introducing alkyl side chains is an approach often used to increase solubility and enhance miscibility in blends. The influence of these side chains on the electronic structure, although highly important for a detailed understanding of the structure-function relationship of these materials, is still barely understood. Here, we use time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy with its molecular resolution to investigate the role of alkyl side chains on the polymer PCDTBT and a series of its building blocks with increasing length. Comparing our results to the non-hexylated compounds allows us to distinguish four different factors determining exciton delocalization. Detailed quantum-chemical calculations (DFT) allows us to further interpret our spectroscopic data and to relate our findings to the molecular geometry. Alkylation generally leads to more localized excitons, most prominent only for the polymer. Furthermore, singlet excitons are more delocalized than the corresponding triplet excitons, despite the larger dihedral angles within the backbone found for the singlet-state geometries. Our results show TREPR spectroscopy of triplet excitons to be well suited for investigating crucial aspects of the structure-function relationship of conjugated polymers used as organic semiconductors on a molecular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Matt
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Florian Lombeck
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Till Biskup
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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29
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Jian N, Qu K, Gu H, Zou L, Liu X, Hu F, Xu J, Yu Y, Lu B. Highly fluorescent triazolopyridine-thiophene D-A-D oligomers for efficient pH sensing both in solution and in the solid state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7174-7182. [PMID: 30888005 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated fluorophores have been extensively used for fluorescence sensing of various substances in the field of life processes and environmental science, due to their noninvasiveness, sensitivity, simplicity and rapidity. Most existing conjugated fluorophores exhibit excellent light-emitting performance in dilute solutions, but their properties substantially decrease or even completely vanish due to severe aggregation quenching in the solid state. Herein, we synthesize a series of triazolopyridine-thiophene donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type conjugated molecules with high absolute fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) ranging from 80% to 89% in solution. These molecules also show unusual light-emitting properties in the solid state with ΦF of up to 26%. We find that owing to the protonation-deprotonation process of the pyridine ring, these compounds display obvious changes in both fluorescence wavelength and intensity upon addition of acids, and these changes can be readily recovered by the successive introduction of bases. By harnessing this phenomenon, we further show that these fluorophores can be employed for efficient and reversible fluorescence sensing of hydrogen ions in a broad pH range (0.0-7.0). With the fabrication of pH testing papers and ink-printed complex patterns including butterflies and letters on substrates, we demonstrate the application of such sensors to fluorescence indication or solid state pH detection for real samples such as volatile acidic/basic gas and water-quality analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Jian
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China.
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30
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Çaylak O, Yaman A, Baumeier B. Evolutionary Approach to Constructing a Deep Feedforward Neural Network for Prediction of Electronic Coupling Elements in Molecular Materials. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1777-1784. [PMID: 30753071 PMCID: PMC6581422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a general framework for the construction of a deep feedforward neural network (FFNN) to predict distance and orientation dependent electronic coupling elements in disordered molecular materials. An evolutionary algorithm automatizes the selection of an optimal architecture of the artificial neural network within a predefined search space. Systematic guidance, beyond minimizing the model error with stochastic gradient descent based backpropagation, is provided by simultaneous maximization of a model fitness that takes into account additional physical properties, such as the field-dependent carrier mobility. As a prototypical system, we consider hole transport in amorphous tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum. Reference data for training and validation is obtained from multiscale ab initio simulations, in which coupling elements are evaluated using density-functional theory, for a system containing 4096 molecules. The Coulomb matrix representation is chosen to encode the explicit molecular pair coordinates into a rotation and translation invariant feature set for the FFNN. The final optimized deep feedforward neural network is tested for transport models without and with energetic disorder. It predicts electronic coupling elements and mobilities in excellent agreement with the reference data. Such a FFNN is readily applicable to much larger systems at negligible computational cost, providing a powerful surrogate model to overcome the size limitations of the ab initio approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Çaylak
- Department of Mathematics
and Computer Science & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anil Yaman
- Department
of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Björn Baumeier
- Department
of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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31
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Biskup T. Structure-Function Relationship of Organic Semiconductors: Detailed Insights From Time-Resolved EPR Spectroscopy. Front Chem 2019; 7:10. [PMID: 30775359 PMCID: PMC6367236 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPV) is a promising technology to account for the increasing demand for energy in form of electricity. Whereas the last decades have seen tremendous progress in the field witnessed by the steady increase in efficiency of OPV devices, we still lack proper understanding of fundamental aspects of light-energy conversion, demanding for systematic investigation on a fundamental level. A detailed understanding of the electronic structure of semiconducting polymers and their building blocks is essential to develop efficient materials for organic electronics. Illuminating conjugated polymers not only leads to excited states, but sheds light on some of the most important aspects of device efficiency in organic electronics as well. The interplay between electronic structure, morphology, flexibility, and local ordering, while at the heart of structure-function relationship of organic electronic materials, is still barely understood. (Time-resolved) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is particularly suited to address these questions, allowing one to directly detect paramagnetic states and to reveal their spin-multiplicity, besides its clearly superior spectral resolution compared to optical methods. This article aims at giving a non-specialist audience an overview of what EPR spectroscopy and particularly its time-resolved variant (TREPR) can contribute to unraveling aspects of structure-function relationship in organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Biskup
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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32
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Izquierdo MA, Broer R, Havenith RWA. Theoretical Study of the Charge Transfer Exciton Binding Energy in Semiconductor Materials for Polymer:Fullerene-Based Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:1233-1242. [PMID: 30676720 PMCID: PMC6391038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent efforts and progress in polymer solar cell research have boosted the photovoltaic efficiency of the technology. This efficiency depends not only on the device architecture but also on the material properties. Thus, insight into the design of novel semiconductor materials is vital for the advancement of the field. This paper looks from a theoretical viewpoint into two of the factors for the design of semiconductor materials with applications to bulk heterojunction solar cells: the charge transfer exciton binding energy and the nanoscale arrangement of donor and acceptor molecules in blend systems. Being aware that the exciton dissociation of local excitons in charge transfer states initiates the charge generation process, the excited state properties of four oligomers (one donor-type: PEO-PPV; and three donor-acceptor-types: PTFB, PTB7, and PTB7-Th) and two fullerene derivatives ([60]PCBM and [70]PCBM), previously reported in the literature as having high electrical conductance, are studied. With such a study, the donor molecules, either of donor-type or donor-acceptor type, are screened as candidates for [60]PCBM- and/or [70]PCBM-based bulk heterojunctions. The charge transfer energy and charge transfer exciton binding energy of suitable donor:acceptor bulk heterojunctions, some of them not yet fabricated, are studied. Further, the charge transfer exciton binding energies of [60]PCBM- and [70]PCBM-based blends are compared. A combination of molecular dynamics simulations with calculations based on Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT) and its time-dependent extension (KS-TDDFT) is used. An important feature of this work is that it incorporates the effect of the environment of the quantum chemical system in KS-DFT or KS-TDDFT calculations through a polarizable discrete reaction field (DRF). Our predictions in terms of the influence of the nanoscale arrangement of donor and acceptor molecules on the performance of organic solar cells indicate that bulk heterojunction morphologies for donor-acceptor-type oligomers lead to their lowest excited states having charge transfer character. Further, we find that in terms of favorable charge transfer exciton binding energy, the PTB7-Th:[70]PCBM blends outperform the other blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Izquierdo
- Institute of Molecular Science , University of Valencia , José Beltrán Martínez 2 , 46980 Valencia , Spain
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33
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Hashemi D, Ma X, Ansari R, Kim J, Kieffer J. Design principles for the energy level tuning in donor/acceptor conjugated polymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:789-799. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Illustration of the charge transfer associated with the development of HOMO and LUMO levels in conjugated polymers and that the electron donating and withdrawing powers depend on the collective of atoms that carry the frontier orbitals involved in the charge transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hashemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Ramin Ansari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Jinsang Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - John Kieffer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
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34
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Wehner J, Brombacher L, Brown J, Junghans C, Çaylak O, Khalak Y, Madhikar P, Tirimbò G, Baumeier B. Electronic Excitations in Complex Molecular Environments: Many-Body Green's Functions Theory in VOTCA-XTP. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:6253-6268. [PMID: 30404449 PMCID: PMC6293448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many-body Green's functions theory within the GW approximation and the Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE) is implemented in the open-source VOTCA-XTP software, aiming at the calculation of electronically excited states in complex molecular environments. Based on Gaussian-type atomic orbitals and making use of resolution of identity techniques, the code is designed specifically for nonperiodic systems. Application to a small molecule reference set successfully validates the methodology and its implementation for a variety of excitation types covering an energy range from 2 to 8 eV in single molecules. Further, embedding each GW-BSE calculation into an atomistically resolved surrounding, typically obtained from Molecular Dynamics, accounts for effects originating from local fields and polarization. Using aqueous DNA as a prototypical system, different levels of electrostatic coupling between the regions in this GW-BSE/MM setup are demonstrated. Particular attention is paid to charge-transfer (CT) excitations in adenine base pairs. It is found that their energy is extremely sensitive to the specific environment and to polarization effects. The calculated redshift of the CT excitation energy compared to a nucelobase dimer treated in vacuum is of the order of 1 eV, which matches expectations from experimental data. Predicted lowest CT energies are below that of a single nucleobase excitation, indicating the possibility of an initial (fast) decay of such an UV excited state into a binucleobase CT exciton. The results show that VOTCA-XTP's GW-BSE/MM is a powerful tool to study a wide range of types of electronic excitations in complex molecular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Wehner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany.,Department of Mathematics and Computer Science & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Lothar Brombacher
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Joshua Brown
- Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder , 425 UCB, Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States.,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute , University of Colorado Boulder , 4001 Discovery Drive , Boulder , Colorado 80303 , United States
| | - Christoph Junghans
- Computer, Computational, and Statistical Sciences Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Onur Çaylak
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Yuriy Khalak
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Pranav Madhikar
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Tirimbò
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Björn Baumeier
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
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35
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Ayoub SA, Lagowski JB. Assessment of the performance of four dispersion-corrected DFT methods using optoelectronic properties and binding energies of organic monomer/fullerene pairs. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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36
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Wang Y, Ke Y, Zhao Y. The hierarchical and perturbative forms of stochastic Schrödinger equations and their applications to carrier dynamics in organic materials. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Yaling Ke
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen China
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37
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Substituent effects on furan-phenylene copolymer for photovoltaic improvement: A density functional study. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Matt C, Meyer DL, Lombeck F, Sommer M, Biskup T. TBT Entirely Dominates the Electronic Structure of the Conjugated Copolymer PCDTBT: Insights from Time-Resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Matt
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Deborah L. Meyer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lombeck
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Till Biskup
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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39
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Theoretical investigation on the effect of fluorine and carboxylate substitutions on the performance of benzodithiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymer solar cells. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Computational modelling of donor-acceptor-donor conjugated polymers based on benzothiadiazole. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Turan HT, Kucur O, Kahraman B, Salman S, Aviyente V. Design of donor–acceptor copolymers for organic photovoltaic materials: a computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3581-3591. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08176f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
80 different push–pull type organic chromophores which possess Donor–Acceptor (D–A) and Donor–Thiophene–Donor–Thiophene (D–T–A–T) structures have been systematically investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) at the B3LYP/6-311G* level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydar Taylan Turan
- Bogazici University
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Kucur
- Bogazici University
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Birce Kahraman
- Bogazici University
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Seyhan Salman
- Gwinnett Technical College
- Basic Sciences Department
- USA
| | - Viktorya Aviyente
- Bogazici University
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul
- Turkey
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42
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Wang Q, Li Y, Song P, Su R, Ma F, Yang Y. Non-Fullerene Acceptor-Based Solar Cells: From Structural Design to Interface Charge Separation and Charge Transport. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E692. [PMID: 30965992 PMCID: PMC6418710 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of non-fullerene small molecule as electron acceptors is critical for overcoming the shortcomings of fullerene and its derivatives (such as limited absorption of light, poor morphological stability and high cost). We investigated the electronic and optical properties of the two selected promising non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), IDIC and IDTBR, and five conjugated donor polymers using quantum-chemical method (QM). Based on the optimized structures of the studied NFAs and the polymers, the ten donor/acceptor (D/A) interfaces were constructed and investigated using QM and Marcus semi-classical model. Firstly, for the two NFAs, IDTBR displays better electron transport capability, better optical absorption ability, and much greater electron mobility than IDIC. Secondly, the configurations of D/A yield the more bathochromic-shifted and broader sunlight absorption spectra than the single moiety. Surprisingly, although IDTBR has better optical properties than IDIC, the IDIC-based interfaces possess better electron injection abilities, optical absorption properties, smaller exciton binding energies and more effective electronic separation than the IDTBR-based interfaces. Finally, all the polymer/IDIC interfaces exhibit large charge separation rate (KCS) (up to 1012⁻1014 s-1) and low charge recombination rate (KCR) (<10⁶ s-1), which are more likely to result in high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). From above analysis, it was found that the polymer/IDIC interfaces should display better performance in the utility of bulk-heterojunction solar cells (BHJ OSC) than polymer/IDTBR interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qungui Wang
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yuanzuo Li
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Runzhou Su
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Fengcai Ma
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Yanhui Yang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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43
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Chochos CL, Katsouras A, Drakopoulou S, Miskaki C, Krassas M, Tzourmpakis P, Kakavelakis G, Sprau C, Colsmann A, Squeo BM, Gregoriou VG, Kymakis E, Avgeropoulos A. Effects of alkyl side chains positioning and presence of fused aromatic units in the backbone of low-bandgap diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymers on the optoelectronic properties of organic solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; 45110 Greece
- Advent Technologies SA, Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street; Platani-Rio Patra Greece
| | - Athanasios Katsouras
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; 45110 Greece
| | - Sofia Drakopoulou
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; 45110 Greece
| | - Christina Miskaki
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; 45110 Greece
| | - Miron Krassas
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology; Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete; Heraklion 71004 Greece
| | - Pavlos Tzourmpakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology; Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete; Heraklion 71004 Greece
| | - George Kakavelakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology; Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete; Heraklion 71004 Greece
| | - Christian Sprau
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Alexander Colsmann
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Benedetta M. Squeo
- Advent Technologies SA, Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street; Platani-Rio Patra Greece
| | - Vasilis G. Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA, Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street; Platani-Rio Patra Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue; Athens 11635 Greece
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology; Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete; Heraklion 71004 Greece
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44
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Evaluation of photovoltaic properties and effective conjugated length of DTTTD-based polymers as donor in BHJ solar cells; quantum chemical approach. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Huo MM, Hu R, Yan W, Wang YT, Chee KWA, Wang Y, Zhang JP. Acceptor Side-Chain Effects on the Excited State Dynamics of Two-Dimensional-Like Conjugated Copolymers in Solution. Molecules 2017; 22:E1398. [PMID: 28841145 PMCID: PMC6151795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excited state dynamics of two-dimensional-like conjugated copolymers PFDCN and PFSDCN based on alternating fluorene and triphenylamine main chains and malononitrile pendant acceptor groups with thiophene as π-bridge, have been investigated by using transient absorption spectroscopy. There is an additional conjugated -C=C- bond in PFDCN, which distinguishes it from PFSDCN. The lowest energy absorption band of each copolymer absorption spectrum is attributed to the π-π* transition with intramolecular charge-transfer, which has a lower fluorescence contribution than those of higher energy absorption bands. The optical excitation of either PFDCN or PFSDCN solution generates polaron pairs that then self-localize and evolve to a bound singlet exciton within a few picoseconds. Due to the additional conjugated -C=C- bond in the acceptor side-chain, PFDCN has a stronger intramolecular charge-transfer characteristic compared with PFSDCN, therefore exhibiting a longer self-localization time (7 ps vs. 3 ps for PFSDCN) and a shorter fluorescence lifetime (1.48 ns vs. 1.60 ns for PFSDCN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Huo
- Qingdao Research Center for Advanced Photonic Technologies, Laser Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Rong Hu
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Qingdao Research Center for Advanced Photonic Technologies, Laser Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yi-Tong Wang
- Qingdao Research Center for Advanced Photonic Technologies, Laser Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China.
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Kuan W A Chee
- Qingdao Research Center for Advanced Photonic Technologies, Laser Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China.
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Qingdao Research Center for Advanced Photonic Technologies, Laser Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
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46
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Fradon A, Cloutet E, Hadziioannou G, Brochon C, Castet F. Optical properties of donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers: A computational study. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Theoretical studies for forecasting the power conversion efficiencies of polymer-based organic photovoltaic cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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48
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Mortuza SM, Banerjee S. Atomistic modelling – impact and opportunities in thin-film photovoltaic solar cell technologies. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1295455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Mortuza
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Soumik Banerjee
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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49
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Mosquera MA, Jackson NE, Fauvell TJ, Kelley MS, Chen LX, Schatz GC, Ratner MA. Exciton Absorption Spectra by Linear Response Methods: Application to Conjugated Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3728-3735. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martín A. Mosquera
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Jackson
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Thomas J. Fauvell
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew S. Kelley
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lin X. Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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50
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Cai P, Xu X, Sun J, Chen J, Cao Y. Effects of including electron-withdrawing atoms on the physical and photovoltaic properties of indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene-based donor–acceptor polymers: towards an acceptor design for efficient polymer solar cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01049d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new D–A polymers using indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene (IDTT) as an electron-rich unit and benzoxadiazole (BO), benzodiathiazole (BT) or difluorobenzothiadiazole (FBT) as an electron-deficient unit were synthesized and applied in solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials
- Guilin University of Electronic Technology
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Jiangman Sun
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Junwu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
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