1
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Gondo N, Hyakutake R, Fujimura K, Ueda Y, Nakano K, Tsutsumi R, Yamanaka M, Kawabata T. Catalyst‐Dependent Rate‐Determining Steps in Regiodivergent Vinylogous Aza‐Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Reactions with
N
‐Ts Imines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naruhiro Gondo
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hyakutake
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Koki Fujimura
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ueda
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nakano
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules Rikkyo University 3-34-1 Nishi-ikebukuro Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tsutsumi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules Rikkyo University 3-34-1 Nishi-ikebukuro Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588 Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules Rikkyo University 3-34-1 Nishi-ikebukuro Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588 Japan
| | - Takeo Kawabata
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences International University of Health and Welfare 137-1 Enokizu Okawa, Fukuoka 831-8501 Japan
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2
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Li W, Sun J, Wang Y, Qiao J, He L, Ouyang J, Na N. Understanding of TEMPO-electrocatalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenation of tetrahydroquinoline by in situ extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2955-2958. [PMID: 33621287 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08209k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The TEMPO-electrocatalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenation of tetrahydroquinoline, a transformation in green synthesis and hydrogen storage, has been investigated by coupling of an electrocatalytic system with in situ extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Dynamic changes in important species and intermediates were monitored, which evoked an updated AD understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jianghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jinping Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Lixin He
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Na Na
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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3
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Vendramini PH, Zeoly LA, Cormanich RA, Buehl M, Eberlin MN, Ferreira BRV. Unveiling the mechanism of N-methylation of indole with dimethylcarbonate using either DABCO or DBU as catalyst. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4707. [PMID: 33590578 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Depending on the catalyst used, N-methylation of indole with dimethylcarbonate (DMC)-an environmentally friendly alkylation agent-yields different products. With 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), the reaction forms only N-methylated indole, but with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), both N-methylated and N-methoxycarbonylated indole are formed. Using direct ESI(+)-MS monitoring to collect actual snapshots of the changing ionic composition of the reaction solution, we report on the interception and characterization of key intermediates for such reactions. Although a mechanism has been proposed with methoxycarbonylated base as the key intermediate for both DBU and DABCO, the ESI(+)-MS data and B3LYP-D3/6-311+G** calculations suggest that the reaction of DMC with indole under either DABCO or DBU catalysis follows contrasting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Vendramini
- Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Lucas A Zeoly
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Cormanich
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Michael Buehl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Marcos N Eberlin
- Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- MackMass Laboratory, School of Engineering-PPGEMN, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Rua da Consolação, 896, São Paulo, São Paulo, 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Bruno R V Ferreira
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Northern Minas Gerais-IFNMG, PO Box 71, Salinas, Minas Gerais, 39560-000, Brazil
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4
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Mehara J, Roithová J. Identifying reactive intermediates by mass spectrometry. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11960-11972. [PMID: 34123215 PMCID: PMC8162775 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04754f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of new reactions requires finding and understanding of novel reaction pathways. In challenging reactions such as C-H activations, these pathways often involve highly reactive intermediates which are the key to our understanding, but difficult to study. Mass spectrometry has a unique sensitivity for detecting low abundant charged species; therefore it is increasingly used for detection of such intermediates in metal catalysed- and organometallic reactions. This perspective shows recent developments in the field of mass spectrometric research of reaction mechanisms with a special focus on going beyond mass-detection. Chapters discuss the advantages of collision-induced dissociation, ion mobility and ion spectroscopy for characterization of structures of the detected intermediates. In addition, we discuss the relationship between the condensed phase chemistry and mass spectrometric detection of species from solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Mehara
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jana Roithová
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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5
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Tripodi GL, Correra TC, Angolini CFF, Ferreira BRV, Maître P, Eberlin MN, Roithová J. The Intermediates in Lewis Acid Catalysis with Lanthanide Triflates. European J Org Chem 2019; 2019:3560-3566. [PMID: 31680777 PMCID: PMC6813638 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide triflates are effective Lewis acid catalysts in reactions involving carbonyl compounds due to their high oxophilicity and water stability. Despite the growing interest, the identity of the catalytic species formed in lanthanide catalysed reactions is still unknown. We have therefore used mass spectrometry and ion spectroscopy to intercept and characterize the intermediates in a reaction catalysed by ytterbium and dysprosium triflates. We were able to identify a number of lanthanide intermediates formed in a simple condensation reaction between a C-acid and an aldehyde. Results show correlation between the reactivity of lanthanide complexes and their charge state and suggest that the triply charged complexes play a key role in lanthanide catalysed reactions. Spectroscopic data of the gaseous ions accompanied by theoretical calculations reveal that the difference between catalytic efficiencies of ytterbium and dysprosium ions can be explained by their different electrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme L. Tripodi
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Thiago C. Correra
- Departament of Organic ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryUniversity of São Paulo05508–000São Paulo‐SPBrazil
| | - Célio F. F. Angolini
- Center for Natural and Human SciencesFederal University of ABC (UFABC)09210–580Santo André ‐SPBrazil
| | - Bruno R. V. Ferreira
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas GeraisCampus Salinas39560–000Salinas‐MGBrazil
| | - Philippe Maître
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, URM8000, CNRS, Univ. Paris‐SudUniversité Paris‐Saclay91405OrsayFrance
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of ChemistryState University of Campinas13084–971Campinas‐SPBrazil
- School of EngeneeringMackenzie Presbiterian University01302907São Paulo‐SPBrazil
| | - Jana Roithová
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
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6
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Schnell A, Willms JA, Nozinovic S, Engeser M. Mechanistic studies of an L-proline-catalyzed pyridazine formation involving a Diels-Alder reaction with inverse electron demand. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:30-43. [PMID: 30680036 PMCID: PMC6334817 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of an L-proline-catalyzed pyridazine formation from acetone and aryl-substituted tetrazines via a Diels-Alder reaction with inverse electron demand has been studied with NMR and with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. A catalytic cycle with three intermediates has been proposed. An enamine derived from L-proline and acetone acts as an electron-rich dienophile in a [4 + 2] cycloaddition with the electron-poor tetrazine forming a tetraazabicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene derivative which then eliminates N2 in a retro-Diels-Alder reaction to yield a 4,5-dihydropyridazine species. The reaction was studied in three variants: unmodified, with a charge-tagged substrate, and with a charge-tagged proline catalyst. The charge-tagging technique strongly increases the ESI response of the respective species and therefore enables to capture otherwise undetected reaction components. With the first two reaction variants, only small intensities of intermediates were found, but the temporal progress of reactants and products could be monitored very well. In experiments with the charge-tagged L-proline-derived catalyst, all three intermediates of the proposed catalytic cycle were detected and characterized by collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments. Some of the CID pathways of intermediates mimic single steps of the proposed catalytic cycle in the gas phase. Thus, the charge-tagged catalyst proved one more time its superior effectiveness for the detection and study of reactive intermediates at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schnell
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - J Alexander Willms
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Nozinovic
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marianne Engeser
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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7
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Wu C, Chen K. Organocatalytic Three‐Component, One‐Pot Reaction of Highly Substituted Tetrahydropyrano[2, 3‐c]pyrazoles. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Yu Wu
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan Normal University, 88 Sec. 4 TingChow Road Taipei 116 Taiwan
| | - Kwunmin Chen
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan Normal University, 88 Sec. 4 TingChow Road Taipei 116 Taiwan
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8
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Pereira MP, Souza Martins RD, de Oliveira MAL, Bombonato FI. Amino acid ionic liquids as catalysts in a solvent-free Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction. RSC Adv 2018; 8:23903-23913. [PMID: 35540299 PMCID: PMC9081752 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02409j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we describe the preparation of ten amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) formed from ammonium salts as cations, derivatives of glycerol, and natural amino acids as anions. All of them are viscous oils, colorless or pale yellow, and hygroscopic at room temperature. They have appreciable solubility in many protic and aprotic polar solvents. The AAILs were used as catalysts in a Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reaction. The ionic liquids derivative from l-proline and l-histidine demonstrated the ability to catalyze the reaction between methyl vinyl ketone and aromatic aldehydes differently substituted in the absence of an additional co-catalyst under organic solvent-free conditions. The AAIL derivatives from l-valine, l-leucine, and l-tyrosine catalyzed the MBH reaction only in the presence of imidazole. The MBH adducts were obtained in moderate to good yields. Although the catalytic site in the ILs was in its enantiomerically pure form, all the MBH adducts were obtained in their racemic form. In this work, we describe the preparation of ten amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs). The AAILs were used as catalysts in a Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reaction. The MBH adducts were obtained from moderate to good yields and in their racemic form.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Prado Pereira
- Group of Studies in Organic Synthesis and Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Juiz de Fora
- Juiz de Fora
- Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Souza Martins
- Group of Studies in Organic Synthesis and Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Juiz de Fora
- Juiz de Fora
- Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Irene Bombonato
- Group of Studies in Organic Synthesis and Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Juiz de Fora
- Juiz de Fora
- Brazil
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9
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Basavaiah D, Thamizharasi P. Baylis-Hillman Reaction: In Situ Generated Isoquinolinium Species as Excellent Electrophiles for Coupling with Alkyl Acrylates and Acrylonitrile. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deevi Basavaiah
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; 500046 Hyderabad India
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10
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Bain RM, Pulliam CJ, Ayrton ST, Bain K, Cooks RG. Accelerated hydrazone formation in charged microdroplets. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1875-1878. [PMID: 27476663 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is an emerging tool for reaction monitoring. It can be accompanied by reaction acceleration in charged droplets. METHODS The time course of the bulk reaction of indoline-2,3-dione with phenylhydrazine in methanol to produce 3-(2- phenylhydrazono)indolin-2-one was monitored by ESI. Both nanoESI and electrosonic spray ionization (ESSI) were used for this study as representing two common forms of ionization for reaction monitoring. The effect on product yield of the distance the droplets travel between the source and the MS inlet was varied and product/starting material ratios were examined. RESULTS Product yield is dramatically increased by increasing the distance. At short distances reaction monitoring can be performed without acceleration and at greater distances reaction acceleration occurs. This distance effect over the course of the reaction roughly parallels the time dependence of the bulk-phase reaction. CONCLUSIONS Reaction acceleration in droplets is attributed to solvent evaporation leading to increased surface to volume ratios. An acceleration factor of 10(4) , measured relative to the bulk reaction at short times, is readily achieved by simply increasing the droplet distance of flight showing that the same ionization source can be used to monitor reactions with or without acceleration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Bain
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | | | - Stephen T Ayrton
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kinsey Bain
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907
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11
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de Lima Batista AP, Coelho F, Braga AAC. DFT exploration of mechanistic pathways of an aza-Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-1946-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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13
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Zheng PF, Ouyang Q, Niu SL, Shuai L, Yuan Y, Jiang K, Liu TY, Chen YC. Enantioselective [4 + 1] Annulation Reactions of α-Substituted Ammonium Ylides To Construct Spirocyclic Oxindoles. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:9390-9. [PMID: 26151623 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Zheng
- College
of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College
of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Sheng-Li Niu
- College
of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li Shuai
- College
of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- College
of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- College
of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tian-Yu Liu
- College
of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- College
of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Key
Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry
of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory
of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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14
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Reeves JT, Visco MD, Marsini MA, Grinberg N, Busacca CA, Mattson AE, Senanayake CH. A General Method for Imine Formation Using B(OCH2CF3)3. Org Lett 2015; 17:2442-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T. Reeves
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Michael D. Visco
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Maurice A. Marsini
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Nelu Grinberg
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Carl A. Busacca
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Anita E. Mattson
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Chris H. Senanayake
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
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15
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Tremel P, Iacobucci C, Massi L, Olivero S, Gal JF, Duñach E. Catalytic intramolecular carbonyl–ene reaction with ketones: evidence for a retro–ene process. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01286d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ene and reverse ene-processes occur with ketones, as shown by control experiments and by ESI-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Tremel
- Institut de Chimie de Nice
- UMR 7272
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis
- CNRS
- 06108 Nice Cedex 2
| | - C. Iacobucci
- Institut de Chimie de Nice
- UMR 7272
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis
- CNRS
- 06108 Nice Cedex 2
| | - L. Massi
- Institut de Chimie de Nice
- UMR 7272
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis
- CNRS
- 06108 Nice Cedex 2
| | - S. Olivero
- Institut de Chimie de Nice
- UMR 7272
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis
- CNRS
- 06108 Nice Cedex 2
| | - J.-F. Gal
- Institut de Chimie de Nice
- UMR 7272
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis
- CNRS
- 06108 Nice Cedex 2
| | - E. Duñach
- Institut de Chimie de Nice
- UMR 7272
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis
- CNRS
- 06108 Nice Cedex 2
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16
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Willms JA, Beel R, Schmidt ML, Mundt C, Engeser M. A new charge-tagged proline-based organocatalyst for mechanistic studies using electrospray mass spectrometry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:2027-37. [PMID: 25246962 PMCID: PMC4168921 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new 4-hydroxy-L-proline derivative with a charged 1-ethylpyridinium-4-phenoxy substituent has been synthesized with the aim of facilitating mechanistic studies of proline-catalyzed reactions by ESI mass spectrometry. The charged residue ensures a strongly enhanced ESI response compared to neutral unmodified proline. The connection by a rigid linker fixes the position of the charge tag far away from the catalytic center in order to avoid unwanted interactions. The use of a charged catalyst leads to significantly enhanced ESI signal abundances for every catalyst-derived species which are the ones of highest interest present in a reacting solution. The new charged proline catalyst has been tested in the direct asymmetric inverse aldol reaction between aldehydes and diethyl ketomalonate. Two intermediates in accordance with the List-Houk mechanism for enamine catalysis have been detected and characterized by gas-phase fragmentation. In addition, their temporal evolution has been followed using a microreactor continuous-flow technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alexander Willms
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rita Beel
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin L Schmidt
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Mundt
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marianne Engeser
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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17
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Rodrigues TS, Silva VHC, Lalli PM, de Oliveira HCB, da Silva WA, Coelho F, Eberlin MN, Neto BAD. Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reaction: ESI-MS(/MS) Investigation with Charge Tags and Ionic Liquid Effect Origin Revealed by DFT Calculations. J Org Chem 2014; 79:5239-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500799j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thyago S. Rodrigues
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, P.O.
Box 4478, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Valter H. C. Silva
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, P.O.
Box 4478, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Unidade
Universitária de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, P.O. Box 459, 75001-970 Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Priscila M. Lalli
- ThoMSon
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Heibbe C. B. de Oliveira
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, P.O.
Box 4478, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Wender A. da Silva
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, P.O.
Box 4478, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fernando Coelho
- ThoMSon
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- ThoMSon
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, P.O.
Box 4478, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
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18
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Basavaiah D, Reddy GC, Bharadwaj KC. The Acrylamide Moiety as an Activated Alkene Component in the Intramolecular Baylis-Hillman Reaction: Facile Synthesis of Functionalized α-Methylene Lactam and Spirolactam Frameworks. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Morales S, Guijarro FG, García Ruano JL, Cid MB. A General Aminocatalytic Method for the Synthesis of Aldimines. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1082-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4111418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Morales
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando G. Guijarro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis García Ruano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Belén Cid
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Verma P, Verma P, Sunoj RB. The mechanism of the NHC catalyzed aza-Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction: insights into a new substrate-catalyzed bimolecular pathway. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2176-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42273a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Peng J, Huang X, Zheng PF, Chen YC. Rauhut–Currier-Type Reaction with Morita–Baylis–Hillman Carbonates of 2-Cyclohexenone and Alkylidenemalononitriles To Access Chromene Derivatives. Org Lett 2013; 15:5534-7. [PMID: 24134066 DOI: 10.1021/ol402694b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China, and College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China, and College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China, and College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China, and College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
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22
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Yan X, Augusti R, Li X, Cooks RG. Chemical Reactivity Assessment Using Reactive Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: The Katritzky Reaction. Chempluschem 2013; 78:1142-1148. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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23
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Yao Y, Li JL, Zhou QQ, Dong L, Chen YC. Enantioselective aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction with ketimines and acrolein catalyzed by organic assemblies. Chemistry 2013; 19:9447-51. [PMID: 23740616 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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24
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Wei Y, Shi M. Recent advances in organocatalytic asymmetric Morita-Baylis-Hillman/aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman reactions. Chem Rev 2013; 113:6659-90. [PMID: 23679920 DOI: 10.1021/cr300192h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 572] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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25
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Schröder D. Applications of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in mechanistic studies and catalysis research. Acc Chem Res 2012; 45:1521-32. [PMID: 22702223 DOI: 10.1021/ar3000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies form the basis for a better understanding of chemical processes, helping researchers develop more sustainable reactions by increasing the yields of the desired products, reducing waste production, and lowering the consumption of resources and energy overall. Conventional methods for the investigation of reaction mechanisms in solution include kinetic studies, isotope labeling, trapping of reactive intermediates, and advanced spectroscopic techniques. Within the past decade, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has provided an additional tool for mechanistic studies because researchers can directly probe liquid samples by mass spectrometry under gentle conditions. Specifically, ESI-MS allows researchers to identify the molecular entities present in solution over the course of a chemical transformation. ESI-MS is particularly useful for investigations of organic reactions or metal catalysis that involve ionic intermediates. Accordingly, researchers are increasingly using ESI-MS in mechanistic studies and catalyst development. However, a further understanding of the ESI process and how it can facilitate mechanistic studies has not accompanied this increased use of the technique. Therefore, at least in part the ESI-MS method not only has offered great promise for the elucidation of reaction mechanisms but also became a black box with the occasional risk of misinterpretation. In this Account, we summarize applications of ESI-MS for synthetic and mechanistic research. Recently researchers have established direct linkages between gas-phase data obtained via ESI-MS and processes occurring in solution, and these results reveal qualitative and quantitative correlations between ESI-MS measurements and solution properties. In this context, time dependences, concentration series, and counterion effects can serve as criteria that allow researchers assess if the gas-phase measurements correlate with the situation in the solution. Furthermore, we report developments that bridge the gap between gas-phase and solution-phase studies. We also describe predictions derived from ESI-MS that have been verified with solution-phase chemistry experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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26
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Vasseur A, Harakat D, Muzart J, Le Bras J. ESI-MS Studies of the Dehydrogenative Heck Reaction of Furans with Acrylates Using Benzoquinone as the Reoxidant and DMSO as the Solvent. J Org Chem 2012; 77:5751-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300921s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vasseur
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims-UMR
7312 CNRS-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UFR des Sciences
Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France
| | - Dominique Harakat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims-UMR
7312 CNRS-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UFR des Sciences
Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France
| | - Jacques Muzart
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims-UMR
7312 CNRS-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UFR des Sciences
Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean Le Bras
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims-UMR
7312 CNRS-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UFR des Sciences
Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France
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27
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Imura Y, Shimojuh N, Moriyama K, Togo H. Aza-Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction with ion-supported Ph3P. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Harakat D, Muzart J, Le Bras J. ESI-MS mechanistic studies of Wacker oxidation of alkenes: dinuclear species as catalytic active intermediates. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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29
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Basavaiah D, Veeraraghavaiah G. The Baylis–Hillman reaction: a novel concept for creativity in chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:68-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15174f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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