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Elagamy SH, Adly L, Abdel Hamid MA. Smartphone based colorimetric approach for quantitative determination of uric acid using Image J. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21888. [PMID: 38081872 PMCID: PMC10713523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, significant attention has been directed towards digital image colorimetry DIC using mobile applications or available software programs, which offer the advantage of analyzing samples without the need for sophisticated instruments. One such image processing program is Image J, widely used for obtaining quantitative information from scientific images. Image J could measure the color intensities by quantifying of the RGB (red-green-blue) gray levels across the images of colored substances. These values are correlated to the color intensities through conversion to CMY (cyan-magenta-yellow) values which are proportional to the color intensities. The objective of this study is to develop an innovative analytical method for the quantitative determination of uric acid using Image J for color quantification. Image J was utilized to analyze images captured by smart phone for successive concentrations of uric acid that were previously treated with phosphotungstate to develop a blue color. The proposed method has been applied for determination of uric acid in real urine using standard addition method and the results were compared with UV/VIS spectrophotometry as a reference method. In this research, we will also assess the effectiveness of quantitative analysis using Image J in comparison to a mobile application, namely RGB Color Detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H Elagamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Latifa Adly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Abdel Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, Al Salam university, Tanta, Egypt
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Mishra K, Rana R, Tripathi S, Siddiqui S, Yadav PK, Yadav PN, Chourasia MK. Recent Advancements in Nanocarrier-assisted Brain Delivery of Phytochemicals Against Neurological Diseases. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2936-2968. [PMID: 37278860 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite ongoing advancements in research, the inability of therapeutics to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) makes the treatment of neurological disorders (NDs) a challenging task, offering only partial symptomatic relief. Various adverse effects associated with existing approaches are another significant barrier that prompts the usage of structurally diverse phytochemicals as preventive/therapeutic lead against NDs in preclinical and clinical settings. Despite numerous beneficial properties, phytochemicals suffer from poor pharmacokinetic profile which limits their pharmacological activity and necessitates the utility of nanotechnology for efficient drug delivery. Nanocarriers have been shown to be proficient carriers that can enhance drug delivery, bioavailability, biocompatibility, and stability of phytochemicals. We, thus, conducted a meticulous literature survey using several electronic databases to gather relevant studies in order to provide a comprehensive summary about the use of nanocarriers in delivering phytochemicals as a treatment approach for NDs. Additionally, the review highlights the mechanisms of drug transport of nanocarriers across the BBB and explores their potential future applications in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerti Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Rafquat Rana
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Shourya Tripathi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Shumaila Siddiqui
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Pavan K Yadav
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Prem N Yadav
- Division of Neuro Science & Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish K Chourasia
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India.
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3
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Wang S, Yang Z, Yang C, Chen J, Zhou L, Wu Y, Lu R. Investigation of functionalized nanoplatforms using branched-ligands with different chain lengths for glioblastoma targeting. J Drug Target 2022; 30:992-1005. [PMID: 35549968 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2077948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a common malignancy of the central nervous system, which is the most destructive type of brain cancer. Clinical treatment remains a major challenge due to high infiltrative growth and the presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, advanced nanoplatforms that can efficiently cross the BBB and target to brain tumor are highly desired. Compared with the targeting efficiency of single ligand nanoplatforms, dual targeting nanoplatforms may lead to better and controllable malignant cell selectivity. In this study, based on our previous research of branched ligands, we finally determined to use tri-branched glucose and two-branched biotin as targeting molecules, and in order to explore the synergetic-targeting capabilities and the mutual influence between the length of the two ligands, we designed three kinds of two-branched biotin ligands with different linker, and co-modified with the tri-branched glucose ligands on the surface of liposomes. The results of in vivo and in vitro experiments showed the (Glu3+Bio2)-2-Lip can exert the greatest synergistic targeting ability. The application of branched ligands, the dual-targeting design concept, and the exploration of the interaction between the chain lengths of the two ligands have brought new ideas and new methods for the targeted therapy of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhongzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinxia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Runxin Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Netufo O, Connor K, Shiels LP, Sweeney KJ, Wu D, O’Shea DF, Byrne AT, Miller IS. Refining Glioblastoma Surgery through the Use of Intra-Operative Fluorescence Imaging Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:550. [PMID: 35631376 PMCID: PMC9143023 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive adult brain tumour with a dismal 2-year survival rate of 26-33%. Maximal safe resection plays a crucial role in improving patient progression-free survival (PFS). Neurosurgeons have the significant challenge of delineating normal tissue from brain tumour to achieve the optimal extent of resection (EOR), with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) the only clinically approved intra-operative fluorophore for GBM. This review aims to highlight the requirement for improved intra-operative imaging techniques, focusing on fluorescence-guided imaging (FGS) and the use of novel dyes with the potential to overcome the limitations of current FGS. The review was performed based on articles found in PubMed an.d Google Scholar, as well as articles identified in searched bibliographies between 2001 and 2022. Key words for searches included 'Glioblastoma' + 'Fluorophore'+ 'Novel' + 'Fluorescence Guided Surgery'. Current literature has favoured the approach of using targeted fluorophores to achieve specific accumulation in the tumour microenvironment, with biological conjugates leading the way. These conjugates target specific parts overexpressed in the tumour. The positive results in breast, ovarian and colorectal tissue are promising and may, therefore, be applied to intracranial neoplasms. Therefore, this design has the potential to produce favourable results in GBM by reducing the residual tumour, which translates to decreased tumour recurrence, morbidity and ultimately, mortality in GBM patients. Several preclinical studies have shown positive results with targeted dyes in distinguishing GBM cells from normal brain parenchyma, and targeted dyes in the Near-Infrared (NIR) emission range offer promising results, which may be valuable future alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwakanyinsolami Netufo
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Kate Connor
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Liam P. Shiels
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Kieron J. Sweeney
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, 9, D09 V2N0 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (D.W.); (D.F.O.)
| | - Donal F. O’Shea
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (D.W.); (D.F.O.)
| | - Annette T. Byrne
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
- National Pre-Clinical Imaging Centre (NPIC), 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian S. Miller
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
- National Pre-Clinical Imaging Centre (NPIC), 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
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Rabha B, Bharadwaj KK, Pati S, Choudhury BK, Sarkar T, Kari ZA, Edinur HA, Baishya D, Atanase LI. Development of Polymer-Based Nanoformulations for Glioblastoma Brain Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis: An Update. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234114. [PMID: 34883617 PMCID: PMC8659151 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cancers, mainly high-grade gliomas/glioblastoma, are characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and recurrence with an extremely poor prognosis. Despite various conventional treatment strategies, viz., resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the outcomes are still inefficient against glioblastoma. The blood–brain barrier is one of the major issues that affect the effective delivery of drugs to the brain for glioblastoma therapy. Various studies have been undergone in order to find novel therapeutic strategies for effective glioblastoma treatment. The advent of nanodiagnostics, i.e., imaging combined with therapies termed as nanotheranostics, can improve the therapeutic efficacy by determining the extent of tumour distribution prior to surgery as well as the response to a treatment regimen after surgery. Polymer nanoparticles gain tremendous attention due to their versatile nature for modification that allows precise targeting, diagnosis, and drug delivery to the brain with minimal adverse side effects. This review addresses the advancements of polymer nanoparticles in drug delivery, diagnosis, and therapy against brain cancer. The mechanisms of drug delivery to the brain of these systems and their future directions are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijuli Rabha
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, India; (B.R.); (K.K.B.)
| | - Kaushik Kumar Bharadwaj
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, India; (B.R.); (K.K.B.)
| | - Siddhartha Pati
- Skills Innovation & Academic Network (SIAN) Institute-Association for Biodiversity Conservation and Research (ABC), Balasore 756001, India;
- NatNov Bioscience Private Limited, Balasore, 756001, India
| | | | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Govt. of West Bengal, Malda 732102, India;
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Malaysia;
| | - Hisham Atan Edinur
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Debabrat Baishya
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, India; (B.R.); (K.K.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Leonard Ionut Atanase
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 700511 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (L.I.A.)
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6
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Mostafavi E, Medina-Cruz D, Vernet-Crua A, Chen J, Cholula-Díaz JL, Guisbiers G, Webster TJ. Green nanomedicine: the path to the next generation of nanomaterials for diagnosing brain tumors and therapeutics? Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:715-736. [PMID: 33332168 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1865306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Current brain cancer treatments, based on radiotherapy and chemotherapy, are sometimes successful, but they are not free of drawbacks.Areas covered: Traditional methods for the treatment of brain tumors are discussed here with new solutions presented, among which the application of nanotechnology has demonstrated promising results over the past decade. The traditional synthesis of nanostructures, which relies on the use of physicochemical methodologies are discussed, and their associated concerns in terms of environmental and health impact due to the production of toxic by-products, need for toxic catalysts, and their lack of biocompatibility are presented. An overview of the current situation for treating brain tumors using nanotechnological-based approaches is introduced, and some of the latest advances in the application of green nanomaterials (NMs) for the effective targeting of brain tumors are presented.Expert opinion: Green nanotechnology is introduced as a potential solution to toxic NMs through the application of environmentally friendly and cost-effective protocols using living organisms and biomolecules. The current status of this field, such as those involving clinical trials, is included, and the possible limitations of green-NMs and potential ways to avoid those limitations are discussed so that the field can potentially evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Medina-Cruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ada Vernet-Crua
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junjiang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Gregory Guisbiers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Caminade AM, Hameau A, Turrin CO, Laurent R, Majoral JP. Dendritic metal complexes for bioimaging. Recent advances. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Pandian SRK, Pavadai P, Vellaisamy S, Ravishankar V, Palanisamy P, Sundar LM, Chandramohan V, Sankaranarayanan M, Panneerselvam T, Kunjiappan S. Formulation and evaluation of rutin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of brain tumor. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:735-749. [PMID: 33156389 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The primary requirement for curing cancer is the delivery of essential drug load at the cancer microenvironment with therapeutic efficacy. Considering this, the present study aims to formulate "Rutin"-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for effective brain delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Rutin-loaded SLNs were fabricated by oil-in-water microemulsion technique and were characterized for their physicochemical properties. The in vivo biodistribution study of rutin-loaded SLNs was studied using Rattus norvegicus rats. Subsequently, in silico molecular docking and dynamic calculations were performed to examine the binding affinity as well as stability of rutin at the active site of target protein "epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)." Formulated rutin-loaded SLNs were predominantly spherical in shape with an average particle diameter of 100 nm. Additionally, the biocompatibility and stability have been proved in vitro. The presence and biodistribution of rutin in vivo after 54 h of injection were observed as 15.23 ± 0.32% in the brain, 8.68 ± 0.63% in the heart, 4.78 ± 0.28% in the kidney, 5.04 ± 0.37% in the liver, 0.92 ± 0.04% in the lung, and 11.52 ± 0.65% in the spleen, respectively. Molecular docking results revealed the higher binding energy of - 150.973 kJ/mol of rutin with EGFR. Molecular dynamic simulation studies demonstrated that rutin with EGFR receptor complex was highly stable at 30 ns. The observed results exemplified that the formulated rutin-loaded SLNs were stable in circulation for a period up to 5 days. Thus, rutin-encapsulated SLN formulations can be used as a promising vector to target tumors across BBB. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, 626126, India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Sivakumar Vellaisamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, 626126, India
| | - Vigneshwaran Ravishankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, 626005, India
| | - Ponnusamy Palanisamy
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India
| | - Lakshmi M Sundar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Vivek Chandramohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, 572103, India
| | | | - Theivendren Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, 637205, India.
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, 626126, India.
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Pan CT, Chang WH, Kumar A, Singh SP, Kaushik AC, Sharma J, Long ZJ, Wen ZH, Mishra SK, Yen CK, Chaudhary RK, Shiue YL. Nanoparticles-mediated Brain Imaging and Disease Prognosis by Conventional as well as Modern Modal Imaging Techniques: a Comparison. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2637-2649. [PMID: 31603057 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190709220139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimodal imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of brain disorders. Neurological disorders need to be diagnosed at an early stage for their effective treatment as later, it is very difficult to treat them. If possible, diagnosing at an early stage can be much helpful in curing the disease with less harm to the body. There is a need for advanced and multimodal imaging techniques for the same. This paper provides an overview of conventional as well as modern imaging techniques for brain diseases, specifically for tumor imaging. In this paper, different imaging modalities are discussed for tumor detection in the brain along with their advantages and disadvantages. Conjugation of two and more than two modalities provides more accurate information rather than a single modality. They can monitor and differentiate the cellular processes of normal and diseased condition with more clarity. The advent of molecular imaging, including reporter gene imaging, has opened the door of more advanced noninvasive detection of brain tumors. Due to specific optical properties, semiconducting polymer-based nanoparticles also play a pivotal role in imaging tumors. OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to review nanoparticles-mediated brain imaging and disease prognosis by conventional as well as modern modal imaging techniques. CONCLUSION We reviewed in detail various medical imaging techniques. This paper covers recent developments in detail and elaborates a possible research aspect for the readers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Tang Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsi Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan
| | - Satya P Singh
- School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore
| | - Aman Chandra Kaushik
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, ShanghaiJia Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jyotsna Sharma
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram-122413, Manesai, Panchgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Zheng-Jing Long
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Patronage Institute of Management Studies, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chung-Kun Yen
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan
| | - Ravi Kumar Chaudhary
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pardesh, India, India
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan
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10
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Alexander A, Agrawal M, Uddin A, Siddique S, Shehata AM, Shaker MA, Ata Ur Rahman S, Abdul MIM, Shaker MA. Recent expansions of novel strategies towards the drug targeting into the brain. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5895-5909. [PMID: 31440051 PMCID: PMC6679699 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s210876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders always remains a challenge for the researchers. The presence of various physiological barriers, primarily the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the accessibility of the brain and hinders the efficacy of various drug therapies. Hence, drug targeting to the brain, particularly to the diseased cells by circumventing the physiological barriers is essential to develop a promising therapy for the treatment of brain disorders. Presently, the investigations emphasize the role of different nanocarrier systems or surface modified target specific novel carrier system to improve the efficiency and reduce the side effects of the brain therapeutics. Such approaches supposed to circumvent the BBB or have the ability to cross the barrier function and thus increases the drug concentration in the brain. Although the efficacy of novel carrier system depends upon various physiological factors like active efflux transport, protein corona of the brain, stability, and toxicity of the nanocarrier, physicochemical properties, patient-related factors and many more. Hence, to develop a promising carrier system, it is essential to understand the physiology of the brain and BBB and also the other associated factors. Along with this, some alternative route like direct nose-to-brain drug delivery can also offer a better means to access the brain without exposure of the BBB. In this review, we have discussed the role of various physiological barriers including the BBB and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) on the drug therapy and the mechanism of drug transport across the BBB. Further, we discussed different novel strategies for brain targeting of drug including, polymeric nanoparticles, lipidic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, liposomes, nanogels, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, quantum dots, etc. along with the intranasal drug delivery to the brain. We have also illustrated various factors affecting the drug targeting efficiency of the developed novel carrier system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ajaz Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sabahuddin Siddique
- Patel College of Pharmacy, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ahmed M Shehata
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Shaker
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Syed Ata Ur Rahman
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohi Iqbal M Abdul
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Shaker
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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11
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Hu Y, Jiang K, Li Z, Lin YZ, Wei G, Lu W. Cell-permeable NF-κB inhibitor-conjugated liposomes for treatment of glioma. J Control Release 2018; 289:102-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Lakkadwala S, Singh J. Dual Functionalized 5-Fluorouracil Liposomes as Highly Efficient Nanomedicine for Glioblastoma Treatment as Assessed in an In Vitro Brain Tumor Model. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2902-2913. [PMID: 30055226 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to the brain has been a major challenge due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which limits the uptake of most chemotherapeutics into brain. We developed a dual-functionalized liposomal delivery system, conjugating cell penetrating peptide penetratin to transferrin-liposomes (Tf-Pen-conjugated liposomes) to enhance the transport of an anticancer chemotherapeutic drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), across the blood-brain barrier into the tumor cells. The in vitro cellular uptake study showed that the dual-functionalized liposomes are capable of higher cellular uptake in glioblastoma (U87) and brain endothelial (bEnd.3) cells monolayer. In addition, dual-functionalized liposomes demonstrated significantly higher apoptosis in U87 cells. The liposomal nanoparticles showed excellent blood compatibility and in vitro cell viability, as studied by hemolysis and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, respectively. The 5-FU-loaded dual-functionalized liposomes demonstrated higher transport across the brain endothelial barrier and delivered 5-FU to tumor cells inside poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-chitosan scaffold (an in vitro brain tumor model), resulting in significant tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Lakkadwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105.
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13
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Yan H, Gao X, Zhang Y, Chang W, Li J, Li X, Du Q, Li C. Imaging Tiny Hepatic Tumor Xenografts via Endoglin-Targeted Paramagnetic/Optical Nanoprobe. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17047-17057. [PMID: 29708329 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Surgery is the mainstay for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it is a great challenge for surgeons to identify HCC in its early developmental stage. The diagnostic sensitivity for a tiny HCC with a diameter less than 1.0 cm is usually as low as 10-33% for computed tomography (CT) and 29-43% for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although MRI is the preferred imaging modality for detecting HCC, with its unparalleled spatial resolution for soft tissue, the commercially available contrast agent, such as Gd3+-DTPA, cannot accurately define HCC because of its short circulation lifetime and lack of tumor-targeting specificity. Endoglin (CD105), a type I membrane glycoprotein, is highly expressed both in HCC cells and in the endothelial cells of neovasculature, which are abundant at the tumor periphery. In this work, a novel single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide-based aptamer was screened by systematic evolution of ligands in an exponential enrichment assay and showed a high binding affinity ( KD = 98 pmol/L) to endoglin. Conjugating the aptamers and imaging reporters on a G5 dendrimer created an HCC-targeting nanoprobe that allowed the successful visualization of orthotopic HCC xenografts with diameters as small as 1-4 mm. Significantly, the invasive tumor margin was clearly delineated, with a tumor to normal ratio of 2.7 by near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and 2.1 by T1-weighted MRI. This multimodal nanoprobe holds promise not only for noninvasively defining tiny HCC by preoperative MRI but also for guiding tumor excision via intraoperative NIR fluorescence imaging, which will probably gain benefit for the patient's therapeutic response and improve the survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province 310009 , China
| | - Xihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory , Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus , Shanghai 201499 , China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Wenju Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Ningbo No. 2 Hospital , No. 41 Northwest Street , Ningbo , Zhejiang Province 315010 , China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province 310009 , China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
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14
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Oller-Salvia B, Sánchez-Navarro M, Giralt E, Teixidó M. Blood-brain barrier shuttle peptides: an emerging paradigm for brain delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:4690-707. [PMID: 27188322 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00076b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain delivery is one of the major challenges in drug development because of the high number of patients suffering from neural diseases and the low efficiency of the treatments available. Although the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most drugs from reaching their targets, molecular vectors - known as BBB shuttles - offer great promise to safely overcome this formidable obstacle. In recent years, peptide shuttles have received growing attention because of their lower cost, reduced immunogenicity, and higher chemical versatility than traditional Trojan horse antibodies and other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamí Oller-Salvia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Macarena Sánchez-Navarro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain. and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Dube T, Chibh S, Mishra J, Panda JJ. Receptor Targeted Polymeric Nanostructures Capable of Navigating across the Blood-Brain Barrier for Effective Delivery of Neural Therapeutics. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2105-2117. [PMID: 28768412 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The window of neurological maladies encompasses 600 known neurological disorders. In the past few years, an inordinate upsurge in the incidences of neuronal ailments with increased mortality rate has been witnessed globally. Despite noteworthy research in the discovery and development of neural therapeutics, brain drug delivery still encounters limited success due to meager perviousness of most of the drug molecules through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a tight layer of endothelial cells that selectively impedes routing of the molecules across itself. In this Review, we have tried to present a comprehensive idea on the recent developments in nanoparticle based BBB delivery systems, with a focus on the advancements in receptor targeted polymeric nanoparticles pertaining to BBB delivery. We have also attempted to bridge the gap between conventional brain delivery strategies and nanoparticle based BBB delivery for in-depth understanding. Various strategies are being explored for simplifying delivery of molecules across the BBB; however, they have their own limitations such as invasiveness and need for hospitalization and surgery. Introduction of nanotechnology can impressively benefit brain drug delivery. Though many nanoparticles are being explored, there are still several issues that need to be analyzed scrupulously before a real and efficient BBB traversing nanoformulation is realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru Dube
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab − 160062, India
| | - Sonika Chibh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab − 160062, India
| | - Jibanananda Mishra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab − 144411, India
| | - Jiban Jyoti Panda
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab − 160062, India
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16
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Zeng Y, Kurokawa Y, Win-Shwe TT, Zeng Q, Hirano S, Zhang Z, Sone H. Effects of PAMAM dendrimers with various surface functional groups and multiple generations on cytotoxicity and neuronal differentiation using human neural progenitor cells. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 41:351-70. [PMID: 27193728 DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers have potential for biological applications as delivery systems for genes, drugs, and imaging agents into the brain, but their developmental neurotoxicity remains unknown. We investigated the effects of PAMAM dendrimers with various surface functional groups and multiple generations on neuronal differentiation using human neural progenitor cells at an equal mass concentration. Only PAMAM dendrimers containing amine (NH2) surface groups at concentrations of 10 μg/mL significantly reduced cell viability and neuronal differentiation, compared with non-amine-terminated dendrimers. PAMAM-NH2 with generation (G)3, G4, G5 G6, and G7 significantly decreased cell viability and inhibited neuronal differentiation from a concentration of 5 μg/mL, but G0, G1, and G2 dendrimers did not have any effect at this concentration. Cytotoxicity indices of PAMAM-NH2 dendrimers at 10 μg/mL correlated well with the zeta potentials of the particles. Surface group density and particle number in unit volume is more important characteristic than particle size to influence cytotoxicity for positive changed dendrimers. PAMAM-50% C12 at 1 μg/mL altered the expression level of the oxidative stress-related genes, ROR1, CYP26A1, and TGFB1, which is a DNA damage response gene. Our results indicate that PAMAM dendrimer exposure may have a surface charge-dependent adverse effect on neuronal differentiation, and that the effect may be associated with oxidative stress and DNA damage during development of neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zeng
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies
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17
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Senders JT, Muskens IS, Schnoor R, Karhade AV, Cote DJ, Smith TR, Broekman MLD. Agents for fluorescence-guided glioma surgery: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical results. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017; 159:151-167. [PMID: 27878374 PMCID: PMC5177668 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-016-3028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is a technique used to enhance visualization of tumor margins in order to increase the extent of tumor resection in glioma surgery. In this paper, we systematically review all clinically tested fluorescent agents for application in FGS for glioma and all preclinically tested agents with the potential for FGS for glioma. METHODS We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for all potentially relevant studies through March 2016. We assessed fluorescent agents by the following outcomes: rate of gross total resection (GTR), overall and progression-free survival, sensitivity and specificity in discriminating tumor and healthy brain tissue, tumor-to-normal ratio of fluorescent signal, and incidence of adverse events. RESULTS The search strategy resulted in 2155 articles that were screened by titles and abstracts. After full-text screening, 105 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria evaluating the following fluorescent agents: 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) (44 studies, including three randomized control trials), fluorescein (11), indocyanine green (five), hypericin (two), 5-aminofluorescein-human serum albumin (one), endogenous fluorophores (nine) and fluorescent agents in a pre-clinical testing phase (30). Three meta-analyses were also identified. CONCLUSIONS 5-ALA is the only fluorescent agent that has been tested in a randomized controlled trial and results in an improvement of GTR and progression-free survival in high-grade gliomas. Observational cohort studies and case series suggest similar outcomes for FGS using fluorescein. Molecular targeting agents (e.g., fluorophore/nanoparticle labeled with anti-EGFR antibodies) are still in the pre-clinical phase, but offer promising results and may be valuable future alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeky T Senders
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo S Muskens
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalie Schnoor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aditya V Karhade
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David J Cote
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Timothy R Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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18
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Xin Y, Huang Q, Tang JQ, Hou XY, Zhang P, Zhang LZ, Jiang G. Nanoscale drug delivery for targeted chemotherapy. Cancer Lett 2016; 379:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Gao H. Progress and perspectives on targeting nanoparticles for brain drug delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:268-86. [PMID: 27471668 PMCID: PMC4951594 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the ability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to prevent the entry of drugs into the brain, it is a challenge to treat central nervous system disorders pharmacologically. The development of nanotechnology provides potential to overcome this problem. In this review, the barriers to brain-targeted drug delivery are reviewed, including the BBB, blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), and nose-to-brain barrier. Delivery strategies are focused on overcoming the BBB, directly targeting diseased cells in the brain, and dual-targeted delivery. The major concerns and perspectives on constructing brain-targeted delivery systems are discussed.
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20
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Craig SEL, Wright J, Sloan AE, Brady-Kalnay SM. Fluorescent-Guided Surgical Resection of Glioma with Targeted Molecular Imaging Agents: A Literature Review. World Neurosurg 2016; 90:154-163. [PMID: 26915698 PMCID: PMC4915969 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The median life expectancy after a diagnosis of glioblastoma is 15 months. Although chemotherapeutics may someday cure glioblastoma by killing the highly dispersive malignant cells, the most important contribution that clinicians can currently offer to improve survival is by maximizing the extent of resection and providing concurrent chemo-radiation, which has become standard. Strides have been made in this area with the advent and implementation of methods of improved intraoperative tumor visualization. One of these techniques, optical fluorescent imaging with targeted molecular imaging agents, allows the surgeon to view fluorescently labeled tumor tissue during surgery with the use of special microscopy, thereby highlighting where to resect and indicating when tumor-free margins have been obtained. This advantage is especially important at the difficult-to-observe margins where tumor cells infiltrate normal tissue. Targeted fluorescent agents also may be valuable for identifying tumor versus nontumor tissue. In this review, we briefly summarize nontargeted fluorescent tumor imaging agents before discussing several novel targeted fluorescent agents being developed for glioma imaging in the context of fluorescent-guided surgery or live molecular navigation. Many of these agents are currently undergoing preclinical testing. As the agents become available, however, it is necessary to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya E L Craig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James Wright
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Susann M Brady-Kalnay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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21
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Li X, Tsibouklis J, Weng T, Zhang B, Yin G, Feng G, Cui Y, Savina IN, Mikhalovska LI, Sandeman SR, Howel CA, Mikhalovsky SV. Nano carriers for drug transport across the blood-brain barrier. J Drug Target 2016; 25:17-28. [PMID: 27126681 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2016.1184272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Effective therapy lies in achieving a therapeutic amount of drug to the proper site in the body and then maintaining the desired drug concentration for a sufficient time interval to be clinically effective for treatment. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) hinders most drugs from entering the central nervous system (CNS) from the blood stream, leading to the difficulty of delivering drugs to the brain via the circulatory system for the treatment, diagnosis and prevention of brain diseases. Several brain drug delivery approaches have been developed, such as intracerebral and intracerebroventricular administration, intranasal delivery and blood-to-brain delivery, as a result of transient BBB disruption induced by biological, chemical or physical stimuli such as zonula occludens toxin, mannitol, magnetic heating and ultrasound, but these approaches showed disadvantages of being dangerous, high cost and unsuitability for most brain diseases and drugs. The strategy of vector-mediated blood-to-brain delivery, which involves improving BBB permeability of the drug-carrier conjugate, can minimize side effects, such as being submicrometre objects that behave as a whole unit in terms of their transport and properties, nanomaterials, are promising carrier vehicles for direct drug transport across the intact BBB as a result of their potential to enter the brain capillary endothelial cells by means of normal endocytosis and transcytosis due to their small size, as well as their possibility of being functionalized with multiple copies of the drug molecule of interest. This review provids a concise discussion of nano carriers for drug transport across the intact BBB, various forms of nanomaterials including inorganic/solid lipid/polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, quantum dots, nanogels, liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, polymersomes and exosomes are critically evaluated, their mechanisms for drug transport across the BBB are reviewed, and the future directions of this area are fully discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Li
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering , Guangzhou , PR China.,b School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK
| | - John Tsibouklis
- b School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK
| | - Tingting Weng
- c Department of Chemical Engineering , Guangdong Petroleum and Chemical Technology Institute , Foshan , China
| | - Buning Zhang
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Guoqiang Yin
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Guangzhu Feng
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Yingde Cui
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Irina N Savina
- d School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - Lyuba I Mikhalovska
- d School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - Susan R Sandeman
- d School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - Carol A Howel
- d School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - Sergey V Mikhalovsky
- d School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK.,e School of Engineering , Nazarbayev Uiversity , Astana , Kazakhstan
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22
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Posadas I, Monteagudo S, Ceña V. Nanoparticles for brain-specific drug and genetic material delivery, imaging and diagnosis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:833-49. [PMID: 26980585 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.16.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor access of therapeutic drugs and genetic material into the central nervous system due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier often limits the development of effective noninvasive treatments and diagnoses of neurological disorders. Moreover, the delivery of genetic material into neuronal cells remains a challenge because of the intrinsic difficulty in transfecting this cell type. Nanotechnology has arisen as a promising tool to provide solutions for this problem. This review will cover the different approaches that have been developed to deliver drugs and genetic material efficiently to the central nervous system as well as the main nanomaterials used to image the central nervous system and diagnose its disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Posadas
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Monteagudo
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentín Ceña
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Chen G, Roy I, Yang C, Prasad PN. Nanochemistry and Nanomedicine for Nanoparticle-based Diagnostics and Therapy. Chem Rev 2016; 116:2826-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1014] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanying Chen
- Institute
for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics and Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Indrajit Roy
- Institute
for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics and Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Chunhui Yang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute
for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics and Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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24
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Xu Z, Wang Y, Ma Z, Wang Z, Wei Y, Jia X. A poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-based nanocarrier conjugated with Angiopep-2 for dual-targeting function in treating glioma cells. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01625h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A dendrimer-based nanocarrier with Angiopep-2 as a dual-targeting group showed the abilities of crossing the BBB and targeting to C6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xinru Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
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25
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Pourgholi F, Hajivalili M, Farhad JN, Kafil HS, Yousefi M. Nanoparticles: Novel vehicles in treatment of Glioblastoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 77:98-107. [PMID: 26796272 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common brain tumor. The current GBM treatments comprise of radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgery. One of the most important problems regarding the treatment of GBM is the presence of blood brain barrier (BBB) which inhibits the efficient drug delivery into central nervous system (CNS). Nanothechnology can help to deliver therapeutic drugs into CNS through crossing the BBB. There are different types of nanoparticles (Nps) which can be manipulated for clinical applications as a treatment for CNS-related disorders. In this review, we will discuss the role of Nps in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pourgholi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hajivalili
- Tuberculosis and Lung Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jadidi-Niaragh Farhad
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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26
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Mooney MA, Zehri AH, Georges JF, Nakaji P. Laser scanning confocal endomicroscopy in the neurosurgical operating room: a review and discussion of future applications. Neurosurg Focus 2014; 36:E9. [PMID: 24484262 DOI: 10.3171/2013.11.focus13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Laser scanning confocal endomicroscopy (LSCE) is an emerging technology for examining brain neoplasms in vivo. While great advances have been made in macroscopic fluorescence in recent years, the ability to perform confocal microscopy in vivo expands the potential of fluorescent tumor labeling, can improve intraoperative tissue diagnosis, and provides real-time guidance for tumor resection intraoperatively. In this review, the authors highlight the technical aspects of confocal endomicroscopy and fluorophores relevant to the neurosurgeon, provide a comprehensive summary of LSCE in animal and human neurosurgical studies to date, and discuss the future directions and potential for LSCE in neurosurgery.
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27
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Zheng S, Bai YY, Changyi Y, Gao X, Zhang W, Wang Y, Zhou L, Ju S, Li C. Multimodal nanoprobes evaluating physiological pore size of brain vasculatures in ischemic stroke models. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1909-18. [PMID: 24898608 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke accounts for 80% strokes and originates from a reduction of cerebral blood flow (CBF) after vascular occlusion. For treatment, the first action is to restore CBF by thrombolytic agent recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Although rt-PA benefits clinical outcome, its application is limited by short therapeutic time window and risk of brain hemorrhage. Different to thrombolytic agents, neuroprotectants reduce neurological injuries by blocking ischemic cascade events such as excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. Nano-neuroprotectants demonstrate higher therapeutic effect than small molecular analogues due to their prolonged circulation lifetime and disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB) in ischemic region. Even enhanced BBB permeability in ischemic territories is verified, the pore size of ischemic vasculatures determining how large and how efficient the therapeutics can pass is barely studied. In this work, nanoprobes (NPs) with different diameters are developed. In vivo multimodal imaging indicates that NP uptakes in ischemic region depended on their diameters and the pore size upper limit of ischemic vasculatures is determined as 10-11 nm. Additionally, penumbra defined as salvageable ischemic tissues performed a higher BBB permeability than infarct core. This work provides a guideline for developing nano-neuroprotectants by taking advantage of the locally enhanced BBB permeability in ischemic brain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy Fudan University; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Ying-Ying Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology; Zhongda Hospital Medical School of Southeast University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yinzhi Changyi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy Fudan University; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Xihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy Fudan University; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy Fudan University; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yuancheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology; Zhongda Hospital Medical School of Southeast University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy Fudan University; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology; Zhongda Hospital Medical School of Southeast University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy Fudan University; Shanghai 201203 China
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28
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Chen GJ, Su YZ, Hsu C, Lo YL, Huang SJ, Ke JH, Kuo YC, Wang LF. Angiopep-pluronic F127-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as nanotheranostic agents for BBB targeting. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:5666-5675. [PMID: 32262201 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00543k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pluronic® F127-modified water-dispersible poly(acrylic acid)-bound iron oxide (PF127-PAAIO) nanoparticles have been prepared as diagnostic agents. A blood-brain-barrier penetrating peptide, angiopep-2 (ANG), was further conjugated onto the surface of the PF127-PAAIO (ANG-PF127-PAAIO) for brain targeting. The ANG-PF127-PAAIO shows negligible cell cytotoxicity, better cellular uptake, and higher T2-weighted image enhancement than the PF127-PAAIO in U87 cells. Using an ex vivo blood-brain barrier (BBB) model, we showed that the ANG-PF127-PAAIO shows better permeability to bypass the BBB. This is because the ANG-PF127-PAAIO has a dual-targeting ability, recognition of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and clathrin-mediated receptor on the U87 surface. Thus, the ANG-PF127-PAAIO is a potential nanotheranostic agent for brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jing Chen
- Department of Medicinal & Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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29
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Multifunctional liposomes loaded with paclitaxel and artemether for treatment of invasive brain glioma. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5591-604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Chong K, Ku T, Saw PE, Jon S, Park JH, Choi C. Enhancement of the photocytotoxic efficiency of sub-12 nm therapeutic polymeric micelles with increased co-localisation in mitochondria. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:11476-8. [PMID: 24064984 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We engineered phototherapeutic sub-12 nm-sized polymeric micelles to treat malignant brain tumours (MBTs). The engineered nanoparticles in MBT cells enhanced the photocytotoxic efficiency more than 2.5-fold compared with parental and PEGylated photosensitisers (PSs). Increased subcellular co-localisation of PSs in mitochondria was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuha Chong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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31
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32
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Gao X, Qian J, Zheng S, Changyi Y, Zhang J, Ju S, Zhu J, Li C. Overcoming the blood-brain barrier for delivering drugs into the brain by using adenosine receptor nanoagonist. ACS NANO 2014; 8:3678-89. [PMID: 24673594 DOI: 10.1021/nn5003375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The extremely low permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses the greatest impediment in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Recent work indicated that BBB permeability can be up-regulated by activating A2A adenosine receptor (AR), which temporarily increases intercellular spaces between the brain capillary endothelial cells. However, due to transient circulation lifetime of adenosine-based agonists, their capability to enhance brain delivery of drugs, especially macromolecular drugs, is limited. In this work, a series of nanoagonists (NAs) were developed by labeling different copies of A2A AR activating ligands on dendrimers. In vitro transendothelial electrical resistance measurements demonstrated that the NAs increased permeability of the endothelial cell monolayer by compromising the tightness of tight junctions, the key structure that restricts the entry of blood-borne molecules into the brain. In vivo imaging studies indicated the remarkably up-regulated brain uptake of a macromolecular model drug (45 kDa) after intravenous injection of NAs. Autoradiographic imaging showed that the BBB opening time-window can be tuned in a range of 0.5-2.0 h by the NAs labeled with different numbers of AR-activating ligands. By choosing a suitable NA, it is possible to maximize brain drug delivery and minimize the uncontrollable BBB leakage by matching the BBB opening time-window with the pharmacokinetics of a therapeutic agent. The NA-mediated brain drug delivery strategy holds promise for the treatment of CNS diseases with improved therapeutic efficiency and reduced side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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33
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LIANG RUICHAO, FANG FANG. THE APPLICATION OF NANOMATERIALS IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT FOR MALIGNANT PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS. NANO 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793292014300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Malignant primary brain tumors have a very high morbidity and mortality. Even though enormous advances have been made in primary brain tumor management, in the case of malignant primary brain tumors, current diagnostic strategies cannot identify exact infiltrating margins, surgery alone cannot achieve total mass resection, and adjuvant therapies cannot improve survivals. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore novel strategies to diagnose and treat such infiltrating brain tumors. Nanomaterials, particularly zero-dimensional and one-dimensional platforms, can carry various compounds such as contrast agents, anticancer drugs and genes into brain tumor cells specifically. Thus, contrast agent-based nanomaterials can selectively present infiltrating tumor outlines, while anticancer agent-based nanomaterials can specifically kill malignant tumor cells. In addition, dual-targeting nanomaterials, multifunctional nanocarriers, theranostic nanovehicles as well as convection-enhanced delivery technology hold promise to increase drug accumulation in tumor tissues, which could largely improve anticancer efficacy. In this review, we will mainly focus on the application of nanomaterials in preoperative diagnosis, intraoperative diagnosis and adjuvant treatment for malignant primary brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- RUICHAO LIANG
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - FANG FANG
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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34
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Gao X, Li C. Nanoprobes visualizing gliomas by crossing the blood brain tumor barrier. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:426-440. [PMID: 24106064 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The difficulty in delineating the glioma margins in brain is a major obstacle for its completed resection, which leads to the disproportionately high recurrence and mortality. Besides the fast exertion rate, inadequate sensitivity and non-targeting specificity, the main reason leading to failure of small molecular probes to define gliomas is their incapability to efficiently cross the blood brain tumor barrier (BBTB). Nanoprobes (NPs) show promise to precisely delineate the geographically irregular tumor margins due to their tunable size/circulation lifetime that maximize their passive intratumoral accumulation and their convenience for surface modification that increases the BBTB transcytosis efficacy, imaging sensitivity and receptor targeting specificity. In this work, the characteristics of the BBTB are addressed from biological and physiological perspectives, strategies are presented to deliver NPs across the BBTB, recent developments of NPs are reviewed for glioma visualization and finally the difficulty and promise for clinical translation of NPs are described. Overall, NPs hold great potential for glioma imaging and treatment by pre-surgically delineating tumor margins and intra-operatively guiding tumor excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University 826 Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai, 201203, China
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35
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Chen YC, Chiang CF, Chen LF, Liang PC, Hsieh WY, Lin WL. Polymersomes conjugated with des-octanoyl ghrelin and folate as a BBB-penetrating cancer cell-targeting delivery system. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4066-81. [PMID: 24513319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy for brain cancer tumors remains a big challenge for clinical medicine due to the inability to transport sufficient drug across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the poor penetration of drug into the tumors. To effectively treat brain tumors and reduce side effects on normal tissues, both des-octanoyl ghrelin and folate conjugated with polymersomal doxorubicin (GFP-D) was developed in this study to help transport across the BBB and target the tumor as well. The size measurements revealed that this BBB-penetrating cancer cell-targeting GFP-D was about 85 nm. In-vitro experiments with a BBB model and C6 glioma cells demonstrated that GFP-D owned a robust penetrating-targeting function for drug delivery. In C6 cell viability tests, GFP-D exhibited an inhibitory effect significantly different from the unmodified polymersomal doxorubicin (P-D). In-vivo antitumor experiments showed that GFP-D performed a much better anti-glioma effect and presented a significant improvement in the overall survival of the tumor-bearing mice as compared to the treatments with free doxorubicin (Dox), liposomal doxorubicin (L-D), P-D, or single ligand conjugated P-D. In addition, Cy 5.5 was used as a probe to investigate the delivery property of this penetrating-targeting delivery system. The overall experimental results indicate that this BBB-penetrating cancer cell-targeting GFP is a highly potential nanocarrier for the treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Technology and Device Research Labs, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fang Chen
- Divison of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chin Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yuan Hsieh
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Labs, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Win-Li Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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36
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37
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Si Z, Huang C, Gao X, Li C. pH-responsive near-infrared nanoprobe imaging metastases by sensing acidic microenvironment. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07984a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A pH responsive near-infrared fluorescence nanoprobe was developed and visualized pulmonary metastases in a mouse model with a volume as small as 0.5 mm3 by sensing the acidic tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Si
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cuiyun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 201203, China
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38
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Abstract
Brain tumors are one of the most challenging disorders encountered, and early and accurate diagnosis is essential for the management and treatment of these tumors. In this article, diagnostic modalities including single-photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and optical imaging are reviewed. We mainly focus on the newly emerging, specific imaging probes, and their potential use in animal models and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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39
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LDLR-mediated peptide-22-conjugated nanoparticles for dual-targeting therapy of brain glioma. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9171-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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40
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Jin J, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Gu YJ, Lam MHW, Wong WT. Upconversion nanoparticles conjugated with Gd(3+) -DOTA and RGD for targeted dual-modality imaging of brain tumor xenografts. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:1501-12. [PMID: 23630101 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant form of primary brain tumors in human. Small molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents are used for GBM diagnosis. However, conventional contrast agents have several limitations, such as low T1 relaxivity, short circulation half lives and absence of tumor targeting. Herein, we develop an upconversion nanoprobe labeled with Gd(3+) -DOTA and RGD (UCNP-Gd-RGD) for dual-modality imaging of glioblastoma. The preparation of UCNP-Gd-RGD starts with amine-functional upconversion nanoparticle core, followed by PEGylation, Gd(3+) DOTA conjugation and RGD labeling. The obtained UCNP-Gd-RGD has improved colloidal stability and reduced cytotoxicity compared with the UCNP core counterpart. Meanwhile, UCNP-Gd-RGD shows strong upconversion luminescence in deep-red region and three times enhancement of T1 relaxivity over Gd(3+) DOTA. Due to the recognition between UCNP-Gd-RGD and integrin αv β3 receptors, the nanoprobe specifically binds to U87MG cells, as evidenced by confocal microscopy and quantified by ICP-MS. Furthermore, UCNP-Gd-RGD demonstrates a preferential retention in subcutaneous U87MG tumor xenograft as shown in both in vivo upconversion fluorescence/MR imaging studies and ex vivo analysis. UCNP-Gd-RGD, conjugated with numerous RGD peptide and T1 contrast enhancing molecules, is promising for MR imaging of glioblastoma and delineating the tumor boundary before surgery. In addition, NIR-to-red upconversion characteristic of UCNP-Gd-RGD facilitates its potential intra-operative use for fluorescence-guided tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefu Jin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
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41
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Nwe K, Huang CH, Tsourkas A. Gd-labeled glycol chitosan as a pH-responsive magnetic resonance imaging agent for detecting acidic tumor microenvironments. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7862-9. [PMID: 24044414 DOI: 10.1021/jm4012565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neoplastic lesions can create a hostile tumor microenvironment with low extracellular pH. It is commonly believed that these conditions can contribute to tumor progression as well as resistance to therapy. We report the development and characterization of a pH-responsive magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent for imaging the acidic tumor microenvironment. The preparation included the conjugation of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid 1-(2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl) ester (DOTA-NHS) to the surface of a water-soluble glycol chitosan (GC) polymer, which contains pH-titrable primary amines, followed by gadolinium complexation (GC-NH2-GdDOTA). GC-NH2-GdDOTA had a chelate-to-polymer ratio of approximately1:24 and a molar relaxivity of 9.1 mM(-1) s(-1). GC-NH2-GdDOTA demonstrated pH-dependent cellular association in vitro compared to the control. It also generated a 2.4-fold enhancement in signal in tumor-bearing mice 2 h postinjection. These findings suggest that glycol chitosan coupled with contrast agents can provide important diagnostic information about the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kido Nwe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania, United States
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42
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Application of nanoparticles on diagnosis and therapy in gliomas. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:351031. [PMID: 23691498 PMCID: PMC3652126 DOI: 10.1155/2013/351031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most deadly diseases that affect humans, and it is characterized by high resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Its median survival is only fourteen months, and this dramatic prognosis has stilled without changes during the last two decades; consequently GBM remains as an unsolved clinical problem. Therefore, alternative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are needed for gliomas. Nanoparticles represent an innovative tool in research and therapies in GBM due to their capacity of self-assembly, small size, increased stability, biocompatibility, tumor-specific targeting using antibodies or ligands, encapsulation and delivery of antineoplastic drugs, and increasing the contact surface between cells and nanomaterials. The active targeting of nanoparticles through conjugation with cell surface markers could enhance the efficacy of nanoparticles for delivering several agents into the tumoral area while significantly reducing toxicity in living systems. Nanoparticles can exploit some biological pathways to achieve specific delivery to cellular and intracellular targets, including transport across the blood-brain barrier, which many anticancer drugs cannot bypass. This review addresses the advancements of nanoparticles in drug delivery, imaging, diagnosis, and therapy in gliomas. The mechanisms of action, potential effects, and therapeutic results of these systems and their future applications in GBM are discussed.
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Gao X, Qian J, Zheng S, Xiong Y, Man J, Cao B, Wang L, Ju S, Li C. Up-regulating blood brain barrier permeability of nanoparticles via multivalent effect. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2538-48. [PMID: 23494145 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the multivalent effect for up-regulating the intracerebral delivery of nanoparticles via receptor-mediated transcytosis. METHODS Nanoparticles labeled with near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore and different numbers of angiopep-2 peptides that specifically target low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) on the brain capillary endothelial cells were developed. Bio-distribution studies quantified the intracerebral uptakes of these nanoparticles at 2 and 24 h after intravenous injection. In vivo NIR fluorescence imaging, ex vivo autoradiographic imaging and 3D reconstructed NIR fluorescence imaging revealed the nanoparticle distribution pattern in brain. Fluorescence microscopic imaging identified the nanoparticle locations at the cellular level. RESULTS The multimetirc association between the angiopep-2 peptides labeled on the nanoparticle and the LRP receptors on the brain capillary endothelial cells significantly increased the intracerebral uptake of the nanoparticles. Nanoparticle Den-Angio4 labeled four angiopep-2 peptides achieved the highest BBB traverse efficacy. After penetrating the BBB, Den-Angio4 distributed heterogeneously and mainly located at hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum in the brains. CONCLUSIONS The multivalent effect significantly enhances the BBB permeability of nanoparticles. Den-Angio4 as a nanoparticle prototype provides a two order targeted strategy for diagnosis or treatment of central nerver system diseases by first traversing the BBB via receptor-mediated endocytosis and secondly targeting the leisions with high receptor expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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44
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Lo ST, Kumar A, Hsieh JT, Sun X. Dendrimer nanoscaffolds for potential theranostics of prostate cancer with a focus on radiochemistry. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:793-812. [PMID: 23294202 DOI: 10.1021/mp3005325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are a class of structurally defined macromolecules featured with a central core, a low-density interior formed by repetitive branching units, and a high-density exterior terminated with surface functional groups. In contrast to their polymeric counterparts, dendrimers are nanosized and symmetrically shaped, which can be reproducibly synthesized on a large scale with monodispersity. These unique features have made dendrimers of increasing interest for drug delivery and other biomedical applications as nanoscaffold systems. Intended to address the potential use of dendrimers for the development of theranostic agents, which combines therapeutics and diagnostics in a single entity for personalized medicine, this review focuses on the reported methodologies of using dendrimer nanoscaffolds for targeted imaging and therapy of prostate cancer. Of particular interest, relevant chemistry strategies are discussed due to their important roles in the design and synthesis of diagnostic and therapeutic dendrimer-based nanoconjugates and potential theranostic agents, targeted or nontargeted. Given the developing status of nanoscaffolded theranostics, major challenges and potential hurdles are discussed along with the examples representing current advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Tang Lo
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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45
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Zhang Y, Xu X, Wang L, Lin J, Zhu Y, Guo Z, Sun Y, Wang H, Zhao Y, Tai R, Yu X, Fan C, Huang Q. Dendrimer–folate–copper conjugates as bioprobes for synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10388-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46057f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a bioprobe for synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging based on dendrimer–folate–copper conjugates, which exhibit excellent FR-targeting properties in KB cells.
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46
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Meyers JD, Doane T, Burda C, Basilion JP. Nanoparticles for imaging and treating brain cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:123-43. [PMID: 23256496 PMCID: PMC3564670 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cancer tumors cause disruption of the selective properties of vascular endothelia, even causing disruptions in the very selective blood-brain barrier, which are collectively referred to as the blood-brain-tumor barrier. Nanoparticles (NPs) have previously shown great promise in taking advantage of this increased vascular permeability in other cancers, which results in increased accumulation in these cancers over time due to the accompanying loss of an effective lymph system. NPs have therefore attracted increased attention for treating brain cancer. While this research is just beginning, there have been many successes demonstrated thus far in both the laboratory and clinical setting. This review serves to present the reader with an overview of NPs for treating brain cancer and to provide an outlook on what may come in the future. For NPs, just like the blood-brain-tumor barrier, the future is wide open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Meyers
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering & Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- National Foundation for Cancer Research (NFCR), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tennyson Doane
- Department of Chemistry, NFCR Center for Molecular Imaging, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Clemens Burda
- Department of Chemistry, NFCR Center for Molecular Imaging, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - James P Basilion
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering & Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- National Foundation for Cancer Research (NFCR), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Akhtari M, Bragin A, Moats R, Frew A, Mandelkern M. Imaging brain neuronal activity using functionalized magnetonanoparticles and MRI. Brain Topogr 2012; 25:374-88. [PMID: 22622772 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-012-0231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the use of non-radioactive 2-deoxy glucose (2DG)-labeled magnetonanoparticles (MNP) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect functional activity during rest, peripheral stimulation, and epileptic seizures, in animal models. Non-radioactive 2DG was covalently attached to magnetonanoparticles composed of iron oxide and dextran and intravenous (tail) injections were performed. 2DG-MNP was injected in resting and stimulated naïve rodents and the subsequent MRI was compared to published (14)C-2DG autoradiography data. Reproducibility and statistical significance was established in one studied model. Negative contrast enhancement (NCE) in acute seizures and chronic models of epilepsy were investigated. MRI NCE due to 2DG-MNP particles was compared to that of plain (unconjugated) MNP in one animal. NCE due to 2DG-MNP particles at 3 T, which is approved for human use, was also investigated. Histology showed presence of MNP (following intravenous injection) in the brain tissues of resting naïve animal. 2DG-MNP intraparenchymal uptake was visible on MRI and histology. The locations of NCE agreed with published results of 2DG autoradiography in resting and stimulated animals and epileptic rats. Localization of epileptogenicity was confirmed by subsequent depth-electrode EEG (iEEG). Non-radioactive 2DG-MNP can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and may accurately localize areas of increased activity. Although, this proof-of-principle study involves only a limited number of animals, and much more research and quantification are necessary to demonstrate that 2DG-MNP, or MNPs conjugated with other ligands, could eventually be used to image localized cerebral function with MRI in humans, this MNP-MRI approach is potentially applicable to the use of many bioactive molecules as ligands for imaging normal and abnormal localized cerebral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Akhtari
- Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Liu Z, Koczera P, Doleschel D, Kiessling F, Gätjens J. Versatile synthetic strategies for PBCA-based hybrid fluorescent microbubbles and their potential theranostic applications to cell labelling and imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5142-4. [PMID: 22516972 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc18048k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This research reports the versatile synthetic strategies for hybrid PBCA microbubbles as contrast agents and drug carriers loaded with fluorescent dyes and magnetic nanoparticles serving in vitro cell labelling and in vivo target imaging. These multifunctional probes therefore prove their potential biomedical applications in cancer diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz Institute, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany.
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Gao H, Qian J, Cao S, Yang Z, Pang Z, Pan S, Fan L, Xi Z, Jiang X, Zhang Q. Precise glioma targeting of and penetration by aptamer and peptide dual-functioned nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5115-23. [PMID: 22484043 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of a brain glioma is still one of the most difficult challenges in oncology. To effectively treat brain glioma and reduce the side effects, drugs must be transported across the blood brain barrier (BBB) and then targeted to the brain cancer cells because most anti-tumor drugs are highly toxic to the normal brain tissue. A cascade delivery strategy was developed to perform these two aims and to achieve enhanced and precisely targeted delivery. Herein, we utilize a phage-displayed TGN peptide and an AS1411 aptamer, which are specific targeting ligands of the BBB and cancer cells, respectively and we conjugate them with nanoparticles to establish the brain glioma cascade delivery system (AsTNP). In vitro cell uptake and three-dimensional tumor spheroid penetration studies demonstrated that the system could not only target endothelial and tumor cells but also penetrate the endothelial monolayers and tumor cells to reach the core of the tumor spheroids, which was extremely important but mostly ignored in glioma therapy. In vivo imaging further demonstrated that the AsTNP provided the highest tumor distribution and tumor/normal brain ratio. The distribution was also reconfirmed by fluorescent images of the brain slides. As a result, the docetaxel-loaded AsTNP presents the best anti-glioma effect with improved glioma bearing survival. In conclusion, the AsTNP could precisely target to the brain glioma, which was a valuable target for glioma imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Nunes A, Al-Jamal KT, Kostarelos K. Therapeutics, imaging and toxicity of nanomaterials in the central nervous system. J Control Release 2012; 161:290-306. [PMID: 22512901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Treatment and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and other CNS disorders are nowadays considered some of the most challenging tasks in modern medicine. The development of effective strategies for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of CNS pathologies require better understanding of neurological disorders that is still lacking. The use of nanomaterials is thought to contribute to our further understanding of the CNS and the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic modalities for neurological interventions. Even though the application of nanoparticles in neuroscience is still embryonic, this article attempts to illustrate the use of different types of nanomaterials and the way in which they have been used in various CNS applications in an attempt to limit or reverse neuropathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Nunes
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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