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Parle D, Bulat F, Fouad S, Zecchini H, Brindle KM, Neves AA, Leeper FJ. Metabolic Glycan Labeling of Cancer Cells Using Variably Acetylated Monosaccharides. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1467-1473. [PMID: 35876696 PMCID: PMC9389531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methylcyclopropene (Cyoc)-tagged tetra-acetylated monosaccharides, and in particular mannosamine derivatives, are promising tools for medical imaging of cancer using metabolic oligosaccharide engineering and the extremely fast inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder bioorthogonal reaction. However, the in vivo potential of these monosaccharide derivatives has yet to be fully explored due to their low aqueous solubility. To address this issue, we sought to vary the extent of acetylation of Cyoc-tagged monosaccharides and probe its effect on the extent of glycan labeling in various cancer cell lines. We demonstrate that, in the case of AcxManNCyoc, tri- and diacetylated derivatives generated significantly enhanced cell labeling compared to the tetra-acetylated monosaccharide. In contrast, for the more readily soluble azide-tagged sugars, a decrease in acetylation led to decreased glycan labeling. Ac3ManNCyoc gave better labeling than the azido-tagged Ac4ManNAz and has significant potential for in vitro and in vivo imaging of glycosylated cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
R. Parle
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Flaviu Bulat
- Cancer
Research UK Cambridge Institute, University
of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Shahd Fouad
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Zecchini
- Cancer
Research UK Cambridge Institute, University
of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer
Research UK Cambridge Institute, University
of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - André A. Neves
- Cancer
Research UK Cambridge Institute, University
of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Finian J. Leeper
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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2
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Handula M, Chen KT, Seimbille Y. IEDDA: An Attractive Bioorthogonal Reaction for Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154640. [PMID: 34361793 PMCID: PMC8347371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pretargeting strategy has recently emerged in order to overcome the limitations of direct targeting, mainly in the field of radioimmunotherapy (RIT). This strategy is directly dependent on chemical reactions, namely bioorthogonal reactions, which have been developed for their ability to occur under physiological conditions. The Staudinger ligation, the copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and the strain-promoted [3 + 2] azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) were the first bioorthogonal reactions introduced in the literature. However, due to their incomplete biocompatibility and slow kinetics, the inverse-electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction was advanced in 2008 by Blackman et al. as an optimal bioorthogonal reaction. The IEDDA is the fastest bioorthogonal reaction known so far. Its biocompatibility and ideal kinetics are very appealing for pretargeting applications. The use of a trans-cyclooctene (TCO) and a tetrazine (Tz) in the reaction encouraged researchers to study them deeply. It was found that both reagents are sensitive to acidic or basic conditions. Furthermore, TCO is photosensitive and can be isomerized to its cis-conformation via a radical catalyzed reaction. Unfortunately, the cis-conformer is significantly less reactive toward tetrazine than the trans-conformation. Therefore, extensive research has been carried out to optimize both click reagents and to employ the IEDDA bioorthogonal reaction in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryana Handula
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Kuo-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan;
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-10-703-8961
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3
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Hu Y, Schomaker JM. Recent Developments and Strategies for Mutually Orthogonal Bioorthogonal Reactions. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3254-3262. [PMID: 34261195 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, several different metal-free bioorthogonal reactions have been developed to enable simultaneous double-click labeling with minimal-to-no competing cross-reactivities; such transformations are termed 'mutually orthogonal'. More recently, several examples of successful triple ligation strategies have also been described. In this minireview, we discuss selected aspects of the development of orthogonal bioorthogonal reactions over the past decade, including general strategies to drive future innovations to achieve simultaneous, mutually orthogonal click reactions in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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4
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Longo B, Zanato C, Piras M, Dall'Angelo S, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ, Baldassarre M, Zanda M. Design, Synthesis, Conjugation, and Reactivity of Novel trans,trans-1,5-Cyclooctadiene-Derived Bioorthogonal Linkers. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2201-2210. [PMID: 32786505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The tetrazine/trans-cyclooctene (TCO) inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction is the fastest bioorthogonal "click" ligation process reported to date. In this context, TCO reagents have found widespread applications; however, their availability and structural diversity is still somewhat limited due to challenges connected with their synthesis and structural modification. To address this issue, we developed a novel strategy for the conjugation of TCO derivatives to a biomolecule, which allows for the creation of greater structural diversity from a single precursor molecule, i.e., trans,trans-1,5-cyclooctadiene [(E,E)-COD] 1, whose preparation requires standard laboratory equipment and readily available reagents. This two-step strategy relies on the use of new bifunctional TCO linkers (5a-11a) for IEDDA reactions, which can be synthesized via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of (E,E)-COD 1 with different azido spacers (5-11) carrying an electrophilic function (NHS-ester, N-succinimidyl carbonate, p-nitrophenyl-carbonate, maleimide) in the ω-position. Following bioconjugation of these electrophilic linkers to the nucleophilic residue (cysteine or lysine) of a protein (step 1), the resulting TCO-decorated constructs can be subjected to a IEDDA reaction with tetrazines functionalized with fluorescent or near-infrared (NIR) tags (step 2). We successfully used this strategy to label bovine serum albumin with the TCO linker 8a and subsequently reacted it in a cell lysate with the fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC)-derived tetrazine 12. The same strategy was then used to label the bacterial wall of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, showing the potential of these linkers for live-cell imaging. Finally, we determined the impact of structural differences of the linkers upon the stability of the bioorthogonal constructs. The compounds for stability studies were prepared by conjugation of TCO linkers 6a, 8a, and 10a to mAbs, such as Rituximab and Obinutuzumab, and subsequent labeling with a reactive Cy3-functionalized tetrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Longo
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, AB252ZD Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Centre for Sensing and Imaging Science, School of Science, Loughborough University, LB11 3TU Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Zanato
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, AB252ZD Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Piras
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, AB252ZD Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, AB252ZD Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, dept. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, dept. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Massimiliano Baldassarre
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, AB252ZD Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, AB252ZD Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Centre for Sensing and Imaging Science, School of Science, Loughborough University, LB11 3TU Loughborough, United Kingdom.,CNR-SCITEC, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zanda
- Loughborough University Centre for Sensing and Imaging Science School of Science Sir David Davies Building, Chemistry Department 113TU Loughborough United Kingdom
- C.N.R.‐SCITEC Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Raffaella Bucci
- Loughborough University Centre for Sensing and Imaging Science School of Science Sir David Davies Building, Chemistry Department 113TU Loughborough United Kingdom
| | - Nikki L. Sloan
- Loughborough University Centre for Sensing and Imaging Science School of Science Sir David Davies Building, Chemistry Department 113TU Loughborough United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Topping
- Loughborough University Centre for Sensing and Imaging Science School of Science Sir David Davies Building, Chemistry Department 113TU Loughborough United Kingdom
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6
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Pazoki F, Salamatmanesh A, Bagheri S, Heydari A. Synthesis and Characterization of Copper(I)‐Cysteine Complex Supported on Magnetic Layered Double Hydroxide as an Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst System for Click Chemistry Using Choline Azide as Reagent and Reaction Medium. Catal Letters 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-03011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Kannaka K, Sano K, Hagimori M, Yamasaki T, Munekane M, Mukai T. Synthesis of an amphiphilic tetrazine derivative and its application as a liposomal component to accelerate release of encapsulated drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3613-3618. [PMID: 31300319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tetrazine irreversibly reacts with dienophiles, and its derivatives find wide applications in the fields of biochemistry and biophysics. We have synthesized an amphiphilic tetrazine derivative (2-hexadecyl-N-(6-(6-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3-yl)pyridin-3-yl)octadecanamide; 1), which has a hydrophilic tetrazine structure and hydrophobic alkyl chains. Liposomes composed of compound 1 and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) (PTz-liposome) were prepared. In search of a new drug delivery system (DDS), we investigated the viability of inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder, a reaction between tetrazine and 2-norbornene, on the surface of the liposomes to change membrane fluidity and promote spatial and temporal controlled release of the encapsulated drugs. Compound 1 was synthesized with a yield of 71%. MS analysis after incubation of 2-norbornene with PTz-liposome revealed the binding of 2-norbornene to tetrazine. Indium-111-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (111In-DTPA) was encapsulated inside PTz-liposome to evaluate the leakage of free 111In-DTPA from the liposomes quantitatively. After 24 h of adding 2-norbornene, the release percentage for PTz-liposome was significantly higher than that for the control liposome (without tetrazine structure). Furthermore, the membrane fluidity of the PTz-liposome was increased by adding 2-norbornene. These results suggested that the combination of dienophile and liposome containing a newly synthesized tetrazine derivative can be used as a controlled release DDS carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Kannaka
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kohei Sano
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Masayori Hagimori
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Masayuki Munekane
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mukai
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
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8
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Levandowski BJ, Gamache RF, Murphy JM, Houk KN. Readily Accessible Ambiphilic Cyclopentadienes for Bioorthogonal Labeling. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6426-6431. [PMID: 29712423 PMCID: PMC6314806 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A new class of bioorthogonal reagents based on the cyclopentadiene scaffold is described. The diene 6,7,8,9-tetrachloro-1,4-dioxospiro[4,4]nona-6,8-diene (a tetrachlorocyclopentadiene ketal, TCK) is ambiphilic and self-orthogonal with remarkable stability. The diene reacts rapidly with a trans-cyclooctene and an endo-bicyclononyne, but slowly with dibenzoazacyclooctyne (DIBAC), allowing for tandem labeling studies with mutually orthogonal azides that react rapidly with DIBAC. TCK analogues are synthesized in three steps from inexpensive, commercially available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Levandowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Raymond F. Gamache
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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9
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Gold B, Aronoff MR, Raines RT. Decreasing Distortion Energies without Strain: Diazo-Selective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5998-6006. [PMID: 27332711 PMCID: PMC5141247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The diazo group has attributes that complement those of the azido group for applications in chemical biology. Here, we use computational analyses to provide insights into the chemoselectivity of the diazo group in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. Dipole distortion energies are responsible for ∼80% of the overall energetic barrier for these reactions. Here, we show that diazo compounds, unlike azides, provide an opportunity to decrease that barrier substantially without introducing strain into the dipolarophile. The ensuing rate enhancement is due to the greater nucleophilic character of a diazo group compared to that of an azido group, which can accommodate decreased distortion energies without predistortion. The tuning of distortion energies with substituents in a diazo compound or dipolarophile can enhance reactivity and selectivity in a predictable manner. Notably, these advantages of diazo groups are amplified in water. Our findings provide a theoretical framework that can guide the design and application of both diazo compounds and azides in "orthogonal" contexts, especially for biological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Gold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew R. Aronoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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10
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Narayanam MK, Liang Y, Houk KN, Murphy JM. Discovery of new mutually orthogonal bioorthogonal cycloaddition pairs through computational screening. Chem Sci 2016; 7:1257-1261. [PMID: 29910881 PMCID: PMC4763938 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03259h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experiments in tandem led to discoveries of new reactivities and selectivities involving bioorthogonal sydnone cycloadditions. Dibenzocyclooctyne derivatives (DIBAC and BARAC) were identified to be especially reactive dipolarophiles, which undergo the (3 + 2) cycloadditions with N-phenyl sydnone with the rate constant of up to 1.46 M-1 s-1. Most significantly, the sydnone-dibenzocyclooctyne and norbornene-tetrazine cycloadditions were predicted to be mutually orthogonal. This was validated experimentally and used for highly selective fluorescence labeling of two proteins simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruthi Kumar Narayanam
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging , David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Jennifer M Murphy
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging , David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
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11
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Wang D, Chen W, Zheng Y, Dai C, Wang K, Ke B, Wang B. 3,6-Substituted-1,2,4,5-tetrazines: tuning reaction rates for staged labeling applications. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:3950-5. [PMID: 24806890 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00280f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cycloaddition reactions involving tetrazines have proven to be powerful bioorthogonal tools for various applications. Conceivably, sequential and selective labeling using tetrazine-based reactions can be achieved by tuning the reaction rate. By varying the substituents on tetrazines, cycloaddition rate variations of over 200 fold have been achieved with the same dienophile. Upon coupling with different dienophiles, such as norbornene, the reaction rate difference can be over 14,000 fold. These substituted tetrazines can be very useful for selective labeling under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danzhu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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12
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Espeel P, Du Prez FE. “Click”-Inspired Chemistry in Macromolecular Science: Matching Recent Progress and User Expectations. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501386v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Espeel
- Department
of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Department
of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Zong H, Goonewardena SN, Chang HN, Otis JB, Baker JR. Sequential and parallel dual labeling of nanoparticles using click chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6288-96. [PMID: 25257910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal 'click' reactions have recently emerged as promising tools for chemistry and biological applications. By using a combination of two different 'click' reactions, 'double-click' strategies have been developed to attach multiple labels onto biomacromolecules. These strategies require multi-step modifications of the biomacromolecules that can lead to heterogeneity in the final conjugates. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a set of three trifunctional linkers. The linkers having alkyne and cyclooctyne moieties that are capable of participating in sequential copper(I)-catalyzed and copper-free cycloaddition reactions with azides. We have also prepared a linker comprised of an alkyne and a 1,2,4,5-terazine moiety that allows for simultaneous cycloaddition reactions with azides and trans-cyclooctenes, respectively. These linkers can be attached to synthetic or biological macromolecules to create a platform capable of sequential or parallel 'double-click' labeling in biological systems. We show this potential using a generation 5 (G5) polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer in combination with the clickable linkers. The dendrimers were successfully modified with these linkers and we demonstrate both sequential and parallel 'double-click' labeling with fluorescent reporters. We anticipate that these linkers will have a variety of application including molecular imaging and monitoring of macromolecule interactions in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zong
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, United States.
| | - Sascha N Goonewardena
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Huai-Ning Chang
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, United States
| | - James B Otis
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, United States
| | - James R Baker
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, United States.
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14
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Tomooka K, Miyasaka S, Motomura S, Igawa K. Planar Chiral Dialkoxysilane: Introduction of Inherent Chirality and High Reactivity in Conventional Achiral Alkene. Chemistry 2014; 20:7598-602. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Tomooka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816‐8580 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 92‐583‐7810
| | - Shouji Miyasaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo 152‐8552 (Japan)
| | - Shougo Motomura
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816‐8580 (Japan)
| | - Kazunobu Igawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816‐8580 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 92‐583‐7810
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15
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Darko A, Wallace S, Dmitrenko O, Machovina MM, Mehl RA, Chin JW, Fox JM. Conformationally Strained trans-Cyclooctene with Improved Stability and Excellent Reactivity in Tetrazine Ligation. Chem Sci 2014; 5:3770-3776. [PMID: 26113970 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01348d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Computation has guided the design of conformationally-strained dioxolane-fused trans-cyclooctene (d-TCO) derivatives that display excellent reactivity in the tetrazine ligation. A water soluble derivative of 3,6-dipyridyl-s-tetrazine reacts with d-TCO with a second order rate k2 366,000 (+/- 15,000) M-1s-1 at 25 °C in pure water. Furthermore, d-TCO derivatives can be prepared easily, are accessed through diastereoselective synthesis, and are typically crystalline bench-stable solids that are stable in aqueous solution, blood serum, or in the presence of thiols in buffered solution. GFP with a genetically encoded tetrazine-containing amino acid was site-specifically labelled in vivo by a d-TCO derivative. The fastest bioorthogonal reaction reported to date [k2 3,300,000 (+/- 40,000) M-1s-1 in H2O at 25 °C] is described herein with a cyclopropane-fused trans-cyclooctene. d-TCO derivatives display rates within an order of magnitude of these fastest trans-cyclooctene reagents, and also display enhanced stability and aqueous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ampofo Darko
- Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Stephen Wallace
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Dmitrenko
- Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Melodie M Machovina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ryan A Mehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jason W Chin
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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16
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Josa-Culleré L, Wainman YA, Brindle KM, Leeper FJ. Diazo group as a new chemical reporter for bioorthogonal labelling of biomolecules. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08861a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diazoacetyl groups undergo spontaneous cycloaddition with strained alkenes and alkynes and can be bioorthogonal reporter groups labelling proteins and glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UK
- Cambridge Institute
- Li Ka Shing Centre
- Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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17
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Selvaraj R, Fox JM. trans-Cyclooctene--a stable, voracious dienophile for bioorthogonal labeling. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:753-60. [PMID: 23978373 PMCID: PMC3925366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Discussed herein is the development and advancement of trans-cyclooctene as a tool for facilitating bioorthogonal labeling through reactions with s-tetrazines. While a number of strained alkenes have been shown to combine with tetrazines for applications in bioorthogonal labeling, trans-cyclooctene enables fastest reactivity at low concentration with rate constants in excess of k2=10(6) M(-1) s(-1). In the present article, we describe advances in computation and synthesis that have enabled applications in chemical biology and nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramajeyam Selvaraj
- Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
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18
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Wong CH, Zimmerman SC. Orthogonality in organic, polymer, and supramolecular chemistry: from Merrifield to click chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1679-95. [PMID: 23282586 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37316e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The concept of orthogonality has been applied to many areas of chemistry, ranging from wave functions to chromatography. But it was Barany and Merrifield's orthogonal protecting group strategy that paved the way for solid phase peptide syntheses, other important classes of biomaterials such as oligosaccharides and oligonucleotides, and ultimately to a term in widespread usage that is focused on chemical reactivity and binding selectivity. The orthogonal protection strategy has been extended to the development of orthogonal activation, and recently the click reaction, for streamlining organic synthesis. The click reaction and its variants are considered orthogonal as the components react together in high yield and in the presence of many other functional groups. Likewise, supramolecular building blocks can also be orthogonal, thereby enabling programmed self-assembly, a superb strategy to create complex architectures. Overall, orthogonal reactions and supramolecular interactions have dramatically improved the syntheses, the preparation of functional materials, and the self-assembly of nanoscale structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ho Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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19
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Karver MR, Weissleder R, Hilderbrand SA. Bioorthogonal reaction pairs enable simultaneous, selective, multi-target imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:920-2. [PMID: 22162316 PMCID: PMC3304098 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutually orthogonal tetrazine–transcyclooctene and azide–cyclooctyne cycloaddition reactions were used simultaneously for the bioorthogonal labeling of two different live cell populations in the same culture. These small-molecule probes show good chemical reactivity and can be readily incorporated into biological systems.
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MESH Headings
- Alkynes/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Azides/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cetuximab
- Coculture Techniques
- Contrast Media/chemistry
- Contrast Media/pharmacology
- ErbB Receptors/chemistry
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Humans
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Receptor, ErbB-2/chemistry
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Trastuzumab
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Karver
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 5.210, Boston, MA 02114 (USA), Homepage: http://csb.mgh.harvard.edu
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 5.210, Boston, MA 02114 (USA), Homepage: http://csb.mgh.harvard.edu
| | - Scott A. Hilderbrand
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 5.210, Boston, MA 02114 (USA), Homepage: http://csb.mgh.harvard.edu
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20
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Chen W, Wang D, Dai C, Hamelberg D, Wang B. Clicking 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and cyclooctynes with tunable reaction rates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1736-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16716f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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22
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Karver MR, Weissleder R, Hilderbrand SA. Bioorthogonal Reaction Pairs Enable Simultaneous, Selective, Multi-Target Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Stöckmann H, Neves AA, Stairs S, Brindle KM, Leeper FJ. Exploring isonitrile-based click chemistry for ligation with biomolecules. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7303-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06424j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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