1
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Cook A, Newman SG. Alcohols as Substrates in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Arylation, Alkylation, and Related Reactions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6078-6144. [PMID: 38630862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Alcohols are abundant and attractive feedstock molecules for organic synthesis. Many methods for their functionalization require them to first be converted into a more activated derivative, while recent years have seen a vast increase in the number of complexity-building transformations that directly harness unprotected alcohols. This Review discusses how transition metal catalysis can be used toward this goal. These transformations are broadly classified into three categories. Deoxygenative functionalizations, representing derivatization of the C-O bond, enable the alcohol to act as a leaving group toward the formation of new C-C bonds. Etherifications, characterized by derivatization of the O-H bond, represent classical reactivity that has been modernized to include mild reaction conditions, diverse reaction partners, and high selectivities. Lastly, chain functionalization reactions are described, wherein the alcohol group acts as a mediator in formal C-H functionalization reactions of the alkyl backbone. Each of these three classes of transformation will be discussed in context of intermolecular arylation, alkylation, and related reactions, illustrating how catalysis can enable alcohols to be directly harnessed for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cook
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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2
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Shezaf JZ, Santana CG, Ortiz E, Meyer CC, Liu P, Sakata K, Huang KW, Krische MJ. Leveraging the Stereochemical Complexity of Octahedral Diastereomeric-at-Metal Catalysts to Unlock Regio-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselectivity in Alcohol-Mediated C-C Couplings via Hydrogen Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7905-7914. [PMID: 38478891 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Experimental and computational studies illuminating the factors that guide metal-centered stereogenicity and, therefrom, selectivity in transfer hydrogenative carbonyl additions of alcohol proelectrophiles catalyzed by chiral-at-metal-and-ligand octahedral d6 metal ions, iridium(III) and ruthenium(II), are described. To augment or invert regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity, predominantly one from among as many as 15 diastereomeric-at-metal complexes is required. For iridium(III) catalysts, cyclometalation assists in defining the metal stereocenter, and for ruthenium(II) catalysts, iodide counterions play a key role. Whereas classical strategies to promote selectivity in metal catalysis aim for high-symmetry transition states, well-defined low-symmetry transition states can unlock selectivities that are otherwise difficult to achieve or inaccessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Z Shezaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Catherine G Santana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eliezer Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Cole C Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ken Sakata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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3
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Jiang B, Shi SL. Recent Progress in Upgrading of Alcohol and Amine via Asymmetric Dehydrogenative Coupling. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202207002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Santana CG, Krische MJ. From Hydrogenation to Transfer Hydrogenation to Hydrogen Auto-Transfer in Enantioselective Metal-Catalyzed Carbonyl Reductive Coupling: Past, Present, and Future. ACS Catal 2021; 11:5572-5585. [PMID: 34306816 PMCID: PMC8302072 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atom-efficient processes that occur via addition, redistribution or removal of hydrogen underlie many large volume industrial processes and pervade all segments of chemical industry. Although carbonyl addition is one of the oldest and most broadly utilized methods for C-C bond formation, the delivery of non-stabilized carbanions to carbonyl compounds has relied on premetalated reagents or metallic/organometallic reductants, which pose issues of safety and challenges vis-à-vis large volume implementation. Catalytic carbonyl reductive couplings promoted via hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation and hydrogen auto-transfer allow abundant unsaturated hydrocarbons to serve as substitutes to organometallic reagents, enabling C-C bond formation in the absence of stoichiometric metals. This perspective (a) highlights past milestones in catalytic hydrogenation, hydrogen transfer and hydrogen auto-transfer, (b) summarizes current methods for catalytic enantioselective carbonyl reductive couplings, and (c) describes future opportunities based on the patterns of reactivity that animate transformations of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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5
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Ko KY, Wilson ZE, Brimble MA. The Synthesis and Bioactivity of the Marine Macrolide Callyspongiolide. Chemistry 2021; 27:2589-2611. [PMID: 32989817 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Callyspongiolide, a macrolide natural product with a conjugated diene-ynic side chain, has garnered significant attention from the synthetic community since its isolation from a sea sponge in 2013. Herein, the approaches that have been applied to this bioactive natural product to date are reviewed. These synthetic endeavors have established the absolute stereochemistry of this molecule and allowed further investigation into its promising caspase-independent bioactivity, while also contributing to the wider field of macrolide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Yoon Ko
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zoe E Wilson
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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6
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Sperandio C, Rodriguez J, Quintard A. Three-Component Multi-Catalytic Enantioselective Oxa-Michael/Aldolization Sequence and Application to (+)-Yashabushitriol Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Sperandio
- Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS; Marseille France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS; Marseille France
| | - Adrien Quintard
- Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS; Marseille France
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7
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Sperandio C, Rodriguez J, Quintard A. Catalytic strategies towards 1,3-polyol synthesis by enantioselective cascades creating multiple alcohol functions. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1025-1035. [PMID: 31976499 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02675d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the different enantioselective catalyst-controlled cascades creating multiple alcohol functions through the formation of several carbon-carbon bonds. Through subsequent simple derivatization, these strategies ensure the rapid preparation of 1,3-polyols. Thanks to the use of efficient metal- or organo-catalysts, these cascades enable the selective assembly of multiple substrates considerably limiting operations and waste generation. For this purpose, several mono- or bi-directional approaches have been devised allowing successive C-C bond-forming events. The considerable synthetic economies these cascades enable have been demonstrated in the preparation of a wide variety of complex bioactive natural products, notably polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Sperandio
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Adrien Quintard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
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8
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Morrison RJ, van der Mei FW, Romiti F, Hoveyda AH. A Catalytic Approach for Enantioselective Synthesis of Homoallylic Alcohols Bearing a Z-Alkenyl Chloride or Trifluoromethyl Group. A Concise and Protecting Group-Free Synthesis of Mycothiazole. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:436-447. [PMID: 31873000 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A protecting group-free strategy is presented for diastereo- and enantioselective routes that can be used to prepare a wide variety of Z-homoallylic alcohols with significantly higher efficiency than is otherwise feasible. The approach entails the merger of several catalytic processes and is expected to facilitate the preparation of bioactive organic molecules. More specifically, Z-chloro-substituted allylic pinacolatoboronate is first obtained through stereoretentive cross-metathesis between Z-crotyl-B(pin) (pin = pinacolato) and Z-dichloroethene, both of which are commercially available. The organoboron compound may be used in the central transformation of the entire approach, an α- and enantioselective addition to an aldehyde, catalyzed by a proton-activated, chiral aminophenol-boryl catalyst. Catalytic cross-coupling can then furnish the desired Z-homoallylic alcohol in high enantiomeric purity. The olefin metathesis step can be carried out with substrates and a Mo-based complex that can be purchased. The aminophenol compound that is needed for the second catalytic step can be prepared in multigram quantities from inexpensive starting materials. A significant assortment of homoallylic alcohols bearing a Z-F3C-substituted alkene can also be prepared with similar high efficiency and regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity. What is more, trisubstituted Z-alkenyl chloride moiety can be accessed with similar efficiency albeit with somewhat lower α-selectivity and enantioselectivity. The general utility of the approach is underscored by a succinct, protecting group-free, and enantioselective total synthesis of mycothiazole, a naturally occurring anticancer agent through a sequence that contains a longest linear sequence of nine steps (12 steps total), seven of which are catalytic, generating mycothiazole in 14.5% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Farid W van der Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Filippo Romiti
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States.,Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute , University of Strasbourg, CNRS , Strasbourg 67000 , France
| | - Amir H Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States.,Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute , University of Strasbourg, CNRS , Strasbourg 67000 , France
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9
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Brito GA, Jung WO, Yoo M, Krische MJ. Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Allylation of Acetylenic Ketones via 2-Propanol-Mediated Reductive Coupling of Allyl Acetate: C14-C23 of Pladienolide D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18803-18807. [PMID: 31490591 PMCID: PMC6917958 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Highly enantioselective catalytic reductive coupling of allyl acetate with acetylenic ketones occurs in a chemoselective manner in the presence of aliphatic or aromatic ketones. This method was used to construct C14-C23 of pladienolide D in half the steps previously required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmar A. Brito
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
| | - Woo-Ok Jung
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
| | - Minjin Yoo
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
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10
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Brito GA, Jung W, Yoo M, Krische MJ. Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylation of Acetylenic Ketones via 2‐Propanol‐Mediated Reductive Coupling of Allyl Acetate: C14‐C23 of Pladienolide D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilmar A. Brito
- University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry 105 E 24th St. (A5300) Austin TX 78712-1167 USA
| | - Woo‐Ok Jung
- University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry 105 E 24th St. (A5300) Austin TX 78712-1167 USA
| | - Minjin Yoo
- University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry 105 E 24th St. (A5300) Austin TX 78712-1167 USA
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry 105 E 24th St. (A5300) Austin TX 78712-1167 USA
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11
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Abstract
In the presence of a chiral iridium complex, commercially available 3-chloro-2-chloromethyl-1-propene (1) was selectively activated for various reductive couplings. Depending on the reaction conditions it allows a selective mono- or bidirectional condensation with one or two external aldehydes with excellent enantiocontrol (>90% ee). This approach occurring simply under mild conditions and avoiding premetalated reagents constructs rapidly chiral homoallylic alcohols, key precursors of important molecular fragments such as furans, pyrans, ketodiols, or 1,3,5-polyols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Quintard
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 , Marseille 13397 , France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 , Marseille 13397 , France
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12
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Ma K, Martin BS, Yin X, Dai M. Natural product syntheses via carbonylative cyclizations. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:174-219. [PMID: 29923586 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00033f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the application of various transition metal-catalyzed/mediated carbonylative cyclization reactions in natural product total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Cancer Research
- Institute for Drug Discovery
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
| | - Brandon S. Martin
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Cancer Research
- Institute for Drug Discovery
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
| | - Xianglin Yin
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Cancer Research
- Institute for Drug Discovery
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Cancer Research
- Institute for Drug Discovery
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
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13
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Tekle-Smith MA, Williamson KS, Hughes IF, Leighton JL. Direct, Mild, and General n-Bu 4NBr-Catalyzed Aldehyde Allylsilylation with Allyl Chlorides. Org Lett 2018; 19:6024-6027. [PMID: 29068688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A direct, mild, and general method for the enantioselective allylsilylation of aldehydes with allyl chlorides is reported. The reactions are effectively catalyzed by 5 mol % of n-Bu4NBr, and this rate acceleration allows the use of complex allyl donors in fragment-coupling reactions and of electron-deficient allyl donors. The results are (1) significant progress toward a "universal" asymmetric aldehyde allylation reaction that can reliably and highly stereoselectively couple any allyl chloride_aldehyde combination and (2) the discovery of a novel mode of nucleophilic catalysis for aldehyde allylsilylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makeda A Tekle-Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kevin S Williamson
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Isaac F Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - James L Leighton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
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14
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Brito GA, Della-Felice F, Luo G, Burns AS, Pilli RA, Rychnovsky SD, Krische MJ. Catalytic Enantioselective Allylations of Acetylenic Aldehydes via 2-Propanol-Mediated Reductive Coupling. Org Lett 2018; 20:4144-4147. [PMID: 29938513 PMCID: PMC6205292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated π-allyliridium C,O-benzoates modified by ( S)-SEGPHOS or ( S)-Cl,OMe-BIPHEP catalyze enantioselective 2-propanol-mediated reductive couplings of diverse nonmetallic allyl pronucleophiles with the acetylenic aldehyde TIPSC≡CCHO. Absolute stereochemistries of the resulting secondary homoallylic-propargylic alcohols were assigned using Rychnovsky's competing enantioselective conversion method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmar A Brito
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , P.O. Box 6154, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Franco Della-Felice
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , P.O. Box 6154, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Guoshun Luo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Alexander S Burns
- Department of Chemistry , University of California at Irvine , 1102 Natural Sciences II , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Ronaldo A Pilli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , P.O. Box 6154, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Scott D Rychnovsky
- Department of Chemistry , University of California at Irvine , 1102 Natural Sciences II , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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15
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Quintard A, Rodriguez J. Catalytic enantioselective OFF ↔ ON activation processes initiated by hydrogen transfer: concepts and challenges. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:10456-73. [PMID: 27381644 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen transfer initiated processes are eco-compatible transformations allowing the reversible OFF ↔ ON activation of otherwise unreactive substrates. The minimization of stoichiometric waste as well as the unique activation modes provided by these transformations make them key players for a greener future for organic synthesis. Long limited to catalytic reactions that form racemic products, considerable progress on the development of strategies for controlling diastereo- and enantioselectivity has been made in the last decade. The aim of this review is to present the different strategies that enable enantioselective transformations of this type and to highlight how they can be used to construct key synthetic building blocks in fewer operations with less waste generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Quintard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
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16
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Manoni F, Rumo C, Li L, Harran PG. Unconventional Fragment Usage Enables a Concise Total Synthesis of (-)-Callyspongiolide. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1280-1284. [PMID: 29332397 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric synthesis of (-)-callyspongiolide is described. The route builds the macrolide domain atypically from a disaccharide and a monoterpene without passing through a seco-acid. Chiral iridium catalysis selectively joins fragments. Subsequent degradation of an imbedded butyrolactone via perhemiketal fragmentation affords a stereo- and regio-defined homoallylic alcohol that is engaged directly in a carbonylative macrolactonization. Further elaboration of the polyunsaturated appendage provides the natural product in a particularly direct and flexible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Manoni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Corentin Rumo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Liubo Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Patrick G Harran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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17
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Cabrera JM, Tauber J, Krische MJ. Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Phthalide Formation through Internal Redox Allylation of Phthalaldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1390-1393. [PMID: 29240280 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An inside job: Enantioselective phthalide synthesis was achieved through internal redox allylation of o-phthalaldehydes. Oxidative esterification is balanced by reductive carbonyl addition to achieve an overall redox-neutral process. This method enabled formal syntheses of ent-spirolaxine methyl ether and CJ-12,954.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Cabrera
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
| | - Johannes Tauber
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
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18
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Cabrera JM, Tauber J, Krische MJ. Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Phthalide Formation through Internal Redox Allylation of Phthalaldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Cabrera
- University of Texas at Austin; Department of Chemistry; 105 E 24th St. (A5300) Austin TX 78712-1167 USA
| | - Johannes Tauber
- University of Texas at Austin; Department of Chemistry; 105 E 24th St. (A5300) Austin TX 78712-1167 USA
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin; Department of Chemistry; 105 E 24th St. (A5300) Austin TX 78712-1167 USA
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19
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Schwartz LA, Krische MJ. Hydrogen-Mediated C−C Bond Formation: Stereo- and Site-Selective Chemical Synthesis Beyond Stoichiometric Organometallic Reagents. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyah A. Schwartz
- University of Texas at Austin; Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300); 105 E 24 St. Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin; Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300); 105 E 24 St. Austin TX 78712 USA
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20
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Kim SW, Zhang W, Krische MJ. Catalytic Enantioselective Carbonyl Allylation and Propargylation via Alcohol-Mediated Hydrogen Transfer: Merging the Chemistry of Grignard and Sabatier. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2371-2380. [PMID: 28792731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Merging the characteristics of transfer hydrogenation and carbonyl addition, we have developed a new class of catalytic enantioselective C-C bond formations. In these processes, hydrogen transfer between alcohols and π-unsaturated reactants generates carbonyl-organometal pairs that combine to deliver products of addition. On the basis of this mechanistic paradigm, lower alcohols are converted directly to higher alcohols in the absence of premetalated reagents or discrete alcohol-to-carbonyl redox reactions. In certain cases, due to a pronounced kinetic preference for primary versus secondary alcohol dehydrogenation, diols and higher polyols are found to engage in catalytic stereo- and site-selective C-C bond formation-a capability that further enhances efficiency by enabling skeletal construction events without extraneous manipulations devoted to the installation and removal of protecting groups. While this Account focuses on redox-neutral couplings of alcohols, corresponding aldehyde reductive couplings mediated by 2-propanol were developed in parallel for most of the catalytic transformations reported herein. Mechanistically, two distinct classes of alcohol C-H functionalizations have emerged, which are distinguished by the mode of pronucleophile activation, specifically, processes wherein alcohol oxidation is balanced by (a) π-bond hydrometalation or (b) C-X bond reductive cleavage. Each pathway offers access to allylmetal or allenylmetal intermediates and, therefrom, enantiomerically enriched homoallylic or homopropargylic alcohol products, respectively. In the broadest terms, carbonyl addition mediated by premetalated reagents has played a central role in synthetic organic chemistry for well over a century, but the requisite organometallic reagents pose issues of safety, require multistep syntheses, and generate stoichiometric quantities of metallic byproducts. The concepts and catalytic processes described in this Account, conceived and developed wholly within the author's laboratory, signal a departure from the use of stoichiometric organometallic reagents in carbonyl addition. Rather, they reimagine carbonyl addition as a hydrogen autotransfer process or cross-coupling in which alcohol reactants, by virtue of their native reducing ability, drive the generation of transient organometallic nucleophiles and, in doing so, serve dually as carbonyl proelectrophiles. The catalytic allylative and propargylative transformations developed to date display capabilities far beyond their classical counterparts, and their application to the total synthesis of type-I polyketide natural products have evoked a step-change in efficiency. More importantly, the present data suggest that diverse transformations traditionally reliant on premetalated reagents may now be conducted catalytically without stoichiometric metals. This Account provides the reader and potential practitioner with a catalog of enantioselective alcohol-mediated carbonyl additions-a user's guide, 10-year retrospective, and foundation for future work in this emerging area of catalytic C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Welch
Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Wandi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Welch
Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J. Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Welch
Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Guo YA, Liang T, Kim SW, Xiao H, Krische MJ. Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Vinyl Dioxanones to Form Enantiomerically Enriched Cyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6847-6850. [PMID: 28489371 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Under the conditions of nickel(0) catalysis, enantiomerically enriched vinyl dioxanones engage boroxines or B2(pin)2 in stereospecific cross-coupling to form diverse tetrasubstituted cyclopropanes bearing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. The collective data corroborate a mechanism involving nickel(0)-mediated benzylic oxidative addition with inversion of stereochemistry followed by reversible olefin insertion to form a (cyclopropylcarbinyl)nickel complex, which upon reductive elimination releases the cyclopropane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Seung Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hongde Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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22
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Raju G, Rao MV, Rao BV. Concise stereoselective synthesis of 5-hydroxy carba-β-D-rhamnose, carba-β-D-rhamnose, (-)-gabosine O, and carba-α-D-rhamnose. J Carbohydr Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2016.1170138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurrapu Raju
- Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Maddimsetti Venkateswara Rao
- Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Batchu Venkateswara Rao
- Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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23
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Feng J, Kasun ZA, Krische MJ. Enantioselective Alcohol C-H Functionalization for Polyketide Construction: Unlocking Redox-Economy and Site-Selectivity for Ideal Chemical Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5467-78. [PMID: 27113543 PMCID: PMC4871165 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development and application of stereoselective and site-selective catalytic methods that directly convert lower alcohols to higher alcohols are described. These processes merge the characteristics of transfer hydrogenation and carbonyl addition, exploiting alcohols and π-unsaturated reactants as redox pairs, which upon hydrogen transfer generate transient carbonyl-organometal pairs en route to products of C-C coupling. Unlike classical carbonyl additions, stoichiometric organometallic reagents and discrete alcohol-to-carbonyl redox reactions are not required. Additionally, due to a kinetic preference for primary alcohol dehydrogenation, the site-selective modification of glycols and higher polyols is possible, streamlining or eliminating use of protecting groups. The total syntheses of several iconic type I polyketide natural products were undertaken using these methods. In each case, the target compounds were prepared in significantly fewer steps than previously achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Feng
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zachary A. Kasun
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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24
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Wang G, Franke J, Ngo CQ, Krische MJ. Diastereo- and Enantioselective Iridium Catalyzed Coupling of Vinyl Aziridines with Alcohols: Site-Selective Modification of Unprotected Diols and Synthesis of Substituted Piperidines. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7915-20. [PMID: 26074091 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The chiral cyclometalated π-allyliridium ortho-C,O-benzoate complex (R)-Ir-VIb derived from [Ir(cod)Cl]2, allyl acetate, 4-cyano-3-nitro-benzoic acid, and (R)-MeO-BIPHEP catalyzes the coupling of N-(p-nitrophenylsulfonyl) protected vinyl aziridine 3a with primary alcohols 1a-1l to furnish branched products of C-C bond formation 4a-4l with good levels of anti-diastereo- and enantioselectivity. In the presence of 2-propanol, but under otherwise identical conditions, vinyl aziridine 3a and aldehydes 2a-2l engage in reductive coupling to furnish an equivalent set of adducts 4a-4l with roughly equivalent levels of anti-diastereo- and enantioselectivity. Using enantiomeric iridium catalysts, vinyl aziridine 3a reacts with unprotected chiral 1,3-diols 1m-1o in a site-selective manner to deliver the diastereomeric products of C-allylation syn-4m, -4n, -4o and anti-4m, -4n, -4o, respectively, with good isolated yields and excellent levels of catalyst-directed diastereoselectivity. These adducts were directly converted to the diastereomeric 2,4,5-trisubstituted piperidines syn-5m, -5n, -5o and anti-5m, -5n, -5o.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jana Franke
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chinh Q Ngo
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Ketcham JM, Shin I, Montgomery TP, Krische MJ. Catalytic enantioselective C-H functionalization of alcohols by redox-triggered carbonyl addition: borrowing hydrogen, returning carbon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9142-50. [PMID: 25056771 PMCID: PMC4150357 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of alcohols and unsaturated reactants for the redox-triggered generation of nucleophile-electrophile pairs represents a broad, new approach to carbonyl addition chemistry. Discrete redox manipulations that are often required for the generation of carbonyl electrophiles and premetalated carbon-centered nucleophiles are thus avoided. Based on this concept, a broad, new family of enantioselective C-C coupling reactions that are catalyzed by iridium or ruthenium complexes have been developed, which are summarized in this Minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Ketcham
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 University Station - A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
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26
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Ketcham JM, Shin I, Montgomery TP, Krische MJ. Katalytische enantioselektive C-H-Funktionalisierung von Alkoholen durch redoxgesteuerte Addition an die Carbonylgruppe: Wasserstoff-Ausleihe und Kohlenstoff-Rückgabe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Kato SI, Noguchi H, Kobayashi A, Yoshihara T, Tobita S, Nakamura Y. Bicarbazoles: Systematic Structure–Property Investigations on a Series of Conjugated Carbazole Dimers. J Org Chem 2012; 77:9120-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3016538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate
School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroto Noguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate
School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate
School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Toshitada Yoshihara
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate
School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Seiji Tobita
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate
School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate
School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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Buitrago E, Lundberg H, Andersson H, Ryberg P, Adolfsson H. High Throughput Screening of a Catalyst Library for the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Heteroaromatic Ketones: Formal Syntheses of (R)-Fluoxetine and (S)-Duloxetine. ChemCatChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Hassan A, Montgomery TP, Krische MJ. Consecutive iridium catalyzed C-C and C-H bond forming hydrogenations for the diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of syn-3-fluoro-1-alcohols: C-H (2-fluoro)allylation of primary alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4692-4. [PMID: 22473044 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31743e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available (2-fluoro)allyl chloride serves as an efficient allyl donor in highly enantioselective iridium catalyzed carbonyl (2-fluoro)allylations from the alcohol or aldehyde oxidation level via transfer hydrogenation. Diastereoselective Crabtree hydrogenation of the resulting homoallylic alcohols provides syn-3-fluoro-1-alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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30
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Kato SI, Shimizu S, Taguchi H, Kobayashi A, Tobita S, Nakamura Y. Synthesis and Electronic, Photophysical, and Electrochemical Properties of a Series of Thienylcarbazoles. J Org Chem 2012; 77:3222-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202625p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate
School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Satoru Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate
School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Taguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate
School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate
School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Seiji Tobita
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate
School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate
School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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