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Saint-Denis TG, Zhang B, Settineri NS, Handford RC, Hall MB, Tilley TD. Dimetalloylene (M-E-M) Complexes of Heavier Main Group Elements Ge, Sn, Pb, Bi via Cleavage of E-X Bonds (X=N(SiMe 3 ) 2 , OtBu) with an Iridium Hydride. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301863. [PMID: 37439447 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of the IrV hydride [Me BDIDipp ]IrH4 {BDI=(Dipp)NC(Me)CH(Me)CN(Dipp); Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 } with E[N(SiMe3 )2 ]2 (E=Sn, Pb) afforded the unusual dimeric dimetallotetrylenes ([Me BDIDipp ]IrH)2 (μ2 -E)2 in good yields. Moreover, ([Me BDIDipp ]IrH)2 (μ2 -Ge)2 was formed in situ from thermal decomposition of [Me BDIDipp ]Ir(H)2 Ge[N(SiMe3 )2 ]2 . These reactions are accompanied by liberation of HN(SiMe3 )2 and H2 through the apparent cleavage of an E-N(SiMe3 )2 bond by Ir-H. In a reversal of this process, ([Me BDIDipp ]IrH)2 (μ2 -E)2 reacted with excess H2 to regenerate [Me BDIDipp ]IrH4 . Varying the concentrations of reactants led to formation of the trimeric ([Me BDIDipp ]IrH2 )3 (μ2 -E)3 . The further scope of this synthetic route was investigated with group 15 amides, and ([Me BDIDipp ]IrH)2 (μ2 -Bi)2 was prepared by the reaction of [Me BDIDipp ]IrH4 with Bi(NMe2 )3 or Bi(OtBu)3 to afford the first example of a "naked" two-coordinate Bi atom bound exclusively to transition metals. A viable mechanism that accounts for the formation of these products is proposed. Computational investigations of the Ir2 E2 (E=Sn, Pb) compounds characterized them as open-shell singlets with confined nonbonding lone pairs at the E centers. In contrast, Ir2 Bi2 is characterized as having a closed-shell singlet ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler G Saint-Denis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Rex C Handford
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
| | - Michael B Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
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Ramler J, Fantuzzi F, Geist F, Hanft A, Braunschweig H, Engels B, Lichtenberg C. The Dimethylbismuth Cation: Entry Into Dative Bi-Bi Bonding and Unconventional Methyl Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24388-24394. [PMID: 34378855 PMCID: PMC8596701 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of simple, fundamentally important, and highly reactive organometallic compounds remains among the most challenging tasks in synthetic chemistry. The detailed characterization of such compounds is key to the discovery of novel bonding scenarios and reactivity. The dimethylbismuth cation, [BiMe2 (SbF6 )] (1), has been isolated and characterized. Its reaction with BiMe3 gives access to an unprecedented dative bond, a Bi→Bi donor-acceptor interaction. The exchange of methyl groups (arguably the simplest hydrocarbon moiety) between different metal atoms is among the most principal types of reactions in organometallic chemistry. The reaction of 1 with BiMe3 enables an SE 2(back)-type methyl exchange, which is, for the first time, investigated in detail for isolable, (pseudo-)homoleptic main-group compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Felix Geist
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Anna Hanft
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
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Ramler J, Fantuzzi F, Geist F, Hanft A, Braunschweig H, Engels B, Lichtenberg C. Das Dimethylbismut‐Kation: Zugang zu dativen Bi‐Bi‐Bindungen und unkonventionellem Methylaustausch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Felix Geist
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Anna Hanft
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
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Ramler J, Lichtenberg C. Bismuth species in the coordination sphere of transition metals: synthesis, bonding, coordination chemistry, and reactivity of molecular complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7120-7138. [PMID: 34008669 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This contribution is focused on bismuth species in the coordination sphere of transition metals. In molecular transition metal complexes, three types of Bi-M bonding are considered, namely dative Bi→M interactions (with Bi acting as a donor), dative Bi←M interactions (with Bi acting as an acceptor) and covalent Bi-M interactions (M = transition metal). Synthetic routes to all three classes of compounds are outlined, the Bi-M bonding situation is discussed, trends in the geometric parameters and in the coordination chemistry of the compounds are addressed, and common spectroscopic properties are summarized. As an important part of this contribution, the reactivity of bismuth species in the coordination sphere of transition metal complexes in stoichiometric and catalytic reactions is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Ramler J, Lichtenberg C. Molecular Bismuth Cations: Assessment of Soft Lewis Acidity. Chemistry 2020; 26:10250-10258. [PMID: 32428329 PMCID: PMC7818483 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-coordinate cationic bismuth compounds [Bi(diaryl)(EPMe3 )][SbF6 ] have been isolated and fully characterized (diaryl=[(C6 H4 )2 C2 H2 ]2- , E=S, Se). They represent rare examples of molecular complexes with Bi⋅⋅⋅EPR3 interactions (R=monoanionic substituent). The 31 P NMR chemical shift of EPMe3 has been found to be sensitive to the formation of LA⋅⋅⋅EPMe3 Lewis acid/base interactions (LA=Lewis acid). This corresponds to a modification of the Gutmann-Beckett method and reveals information about the hardness/softness of the Lewis acid under investigation. A series of organobismuth compounds, bismuth halides, and cationic bismuth species have been investigated with this approach and compared to traditional group 13 and cationic group 14 Lewis acids. Especially cationic bismuth species have been shown to be potent soft Lewis acids that may prefer Lewis pair formation with a soft (S/Se-based) rather than a hard (O/N-based) donor. Analytical techniques applied in this work include (heteronuclear) NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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Lichtenberg C. Main-Group Metal Complexes in Selective Bond Formations Through Radical Pathways. Chemistry 2020; 26:9674-9687. [PMID: 32048770 PMCID: PMC7496981 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed remarkable advances in radical reactions involving main-group metal complexes. This includes the isolation and detailed characterization of main-group metal radical compounds, but also the generation of highly reactive persistent or transient radical species. A rich arsenal of methods has been established that allows control over and exploitation of their unusual reactivity patterns. Thus, main-group metal compounds have entered the field of selective bond formations in controlled radical reactions. Transformations that used to be the domain of late transition-metal compounds have been realized, and unusual selectivities, high activities, as well as remarkable functional-group tolerances have been reported. Recent findings demonstrate the potential of main-group metal compounds to become standard tools of synthetic chemistry, catalysis, and materials science, when operating through radical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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Ramler J, Krummenacher I, Lichtenberg C. Bismutverbindungen in der Radikalkatalyse: Übergangsmetallbismutane ermöglichen thermisch induzierte Cycloisomerisierungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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Ramler J, Krummenacher I, Lichtenberg C. Bismuth Compounds in Radical Catalysis: Transition Metal Bismuthanes Facilitate Thermally Induced Cycloisomerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12924-12929. [PMID: 31166083 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Ritschel B, Poater J, Dengel H, Bickelhaupt FM, Lichtenberg C. Doppelte CH-Aktivierung eines maskierten Bismutamid-Kations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Ritschel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Jordi Poater
- ICREA; Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spanien
- Universitat de Barcelona; Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Katalonien Spanien
| | - Hannah Dengel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modelling (ACMM); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam Niederlande
- Radboud University; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen Niederlande
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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Ritschel B, Poater J, Dengel H, Bickelhaupt FM, Lichtenberg C. Double CH Activation of a Masked Cationic Bismuth Amide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3825-3829. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Ritschel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jordi Poater
- ICREA; Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona; Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Hannah Dengel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modelling (ACMM); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Radboud University; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Mairychová B, Svoboda T, Erben M, Růžička A, Dostál L, Jambor R. Intramolecularly Coordinated Group 14 and 15 Chalcogenites. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om3009553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Mairychová
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty
of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, CZ-532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Svoboda
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty
of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, CZ-532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty
of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, CZ-532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty
of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, CZ-532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty
of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, CZ-532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty
of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, CZ-532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Wójcik K, Ecorchard P, Schaarschmidt D, Rüffer T, Lang H, Mehring M. Cyclopentadienyl Dicarbonyl Iron-Bismuth Compounds - Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tschersich C, Limberg C, Roggan S, Herwig C, Ernsting N, Kovalenko S, Mebs S. Gold- and Platinum-Bismuth Donor-Acceptor Interactions Supported by an Ambiphilic PBiP Pincer Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4989-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tschersich C, Limberg C, Roggan S, Herwig C, Ernsting N, Kovalenko S, Mebs S. Gold- und Platin-Bismut-Donor-Akzeptor-Wechselwirkungen vermittelt durch einen ambiphilen PBiP-Pinzettenliganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Monakhov KY, Gourlaouen C, Braunstein P. Stabilisation of a triply-bridging cyclopentadienyl ligand in a tetrapalladium cluster. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8317-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32886k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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