1
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Budyka MF, Gavrishova TN, Li VM, Tovstun SA. Styrylbenzoquinoline dyads as a new type of fluorescing photochromes operating via [2 + 2] photocycloaddition mechanism: Optimization of the structure. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124666. [PMID: 38906063 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
We synthesized and studied a novel bichromophoric dyad in which bridging methylene groups link two styrylbenzo[f]quinoline (SBQ) photochromes to a salicylic acid residue. The dyad was designed for use as a fluorescent P-type photochrome acting via a [2 + 2] photocycloaddition (PCA) reaction. Compared to previously studied dyads, a change in the attachment handle and shortening of the bridging groups resulted in simultaneous rise of the quantum yields of both fluorescence and PCA. Under light irradiation, two competitive reversible reactions occurred in the dyad. The first is photoisomerization between the trans- and cis- isomers of the SBQ moieties. The second is PCA. The latter process was predominant and resulted in the formation of the cyclobutane ring bearing two benzo[f]quinoline (BQ) groups. In the ground S0 state, NMR data and DFT calculations indicated the formation of folded dyad conformers whose structure is pre-organized for PCA due to π-stacking interactions of two SBQ moieties. In the excited dyad, steady-state and time-resolved nanosecond fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the formation of an excimer, which was assumed to be a precursor of cyclobutane. Due to the fluorescence properties of SBQ and BQ, both dyad and cyclobutane fluoresce and can serve as a color-correlated multicolor fluorescence photoswitch. A simple approach is proposed for predicting the relationship between the spectral properties of the dyad and cyclobutane, which are the open and closed isomers of a new type of photochromes. The approach uses the dependence of the position of the maximum of the absorption band of an aromatic compound on the size of the π-system, as well as the fact that the sizes of the π-systems of the dyad and cyclobutane are related by a simple relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail F Budyka
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432 Russia.
| | - Tatiana N Gavrishova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432 Russia
| | - Vitalii M Li
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432 Russia
| | - Sergey A Tovstun
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432 Russia
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2
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Walter V, Bi D, Salehi-Reyhani A, Deng Y. Real-time signal processing via chemical reactions for a microfluidic molecular communication system. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7188. [PMID: 37938589 PMCID: PMC10632502 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal processing over the molecular domain is critical for analysing, modifying, and synthesising chemical signals in molecular communication systems. However, the lack of chemical signal processing blocks and the wide use of electronic devices to process electrical signals in existing molecular communication platforms can hardly meet the biocompatible, non-invasive, and size-miniaturised requirements of applications in various fields, e.g., medicine, biology, and environment sciences. To tackle this, here we design and construct a liquid-based microfluidic molecular communication platform for performing chemical concentration signal processing and digital signal transmission over distances. By specifically designing chemical reactions and microfluidic geometry, the transmitter of our platform is capable of shaping the emitted signals, and the receiver is able to threshold, amplify, and detect the chemical signals after propagation. By encoding bit information into the concentration of sodium hydroxide, we demonstrate that our platform can achieve molecular signal modulation and demodulation functionalities, and reliably transmit text messages over long distances. This platform is further optimised to maximise data rate while minimising communication error. The presented methodology for real-time chemical signal processing can enable the implementation of signal processing units in biological settings and then unleash its potential for interdisciplinary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Walter
- Department of Engineering, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Dadi Bi
- Department of Engineering, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Ali Salehi-Reyhani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
- Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yansha Deng
- Department of Engineering, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
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3
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Synergistic interplay between photoisomerization and photoluminescence in a light-driven rotary molecular motor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5765. [PMID: 36180434 PMCID: PMC9525625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoactuators and photoluminescent dyes utilize light to perform mechanical motion and undergo spontaneous radiation emission, respectively. Combining these two functionalities in a single molecule would benefit the construction of advanced molecular machines. Due to the possible detrimental interaction between the two light-dependent functional parts, the design of hybrid systems featuring both functions in parallel remains highly challenging. Here, we develop a light-driven rotary molecular motor with an efficient photoluminescent dye chemically attached to the motor, not compromising its motor function. This molecular system shows efficient rotary motion and bright photoluminescence, and these functions can be addressed by a proper choice of excitation wavelengths and solvents. The moderate interaction between the two parts generates synergistic effects, which are beneficial for lower-energy excitation and chirality transfer from the motor to the photoluminescent dye. Our results provide prospects towards photoactive multifunctional systems capable of carrying out molecular rotary motion and tracking its location in a complex environment. Combining photofunctionalities in a single molecule is challenging due to inherent detrimental interactions. Here, the authors construct a molecular motor that exhibits photoinduced rotary motion together with bright photoluminescence.
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Cheng HB, Zhang S, Bai E, Cao X, Wang J, Qi J, Liu J, Zhao J, Zhang L, Yoon J. Future-Oriented Advanced Diarylethene Photoswitches: From Molecular Design to Spontaneous Assembly Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108289. [PMID: 34866257 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diarylethene (DAE) photoswitch is a new and promising family of photochromic molecules and has shown superior performance as a smart trigger in stimulus-responsive materials. During the past few decades, the DAE family has achieved a leap from simple molecules to functional molecules and developed toward validity as a universal switching building block. In recent years, the introduction of DAE into an assembly system has been an attractive strategy that enables the photochromic behavior of the building blocks to be manifested at the level of the entire system, beyond the DAE unit itself. This assembly-based strategy will bring many unexpected results that promote the design and manufacture of a new generation of advanced materials. Here, recent advances in the design and fabrication of diarylethene as a trigger in materials science, chemistry, and biomedicine are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shuchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Enying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ji Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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Gerwien A, Jehle B, Irmler M, Mayer P, Dube H. An Eight-State Molecular Sequential Switch Featuring a Dual Single-Bond Rotation Photoreaction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3029-3038. [PMID: 35157802 PMCID: PMC8874910 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Typical photoswitches
interconvert between two different states
by simple isomerization reactions, which represents a fundamental
limit for applications. To expand the switching capacity usually different
photoswitches have to be linked together leading to strong increase
in molecular weight, diminished switching function, and less precision
and selectivity of switching events. Herein we present an approach
for solving this essential problem with a different photoswitching
concept. A basic molecular switch architecture provides precision
photoswitching between eight different states via controlled rotations
around three adjacent covalent bonds. All eight states can be populated
one after another in an eight-step cycle by alternating between photochemical
Hula-Twist isomerizations and thermal single-bond rotations. By simply
changing solvent and temperature the same switch can also undergo
a different cycle instead interconverting just five isomers in a selective
sequence. This behavior is enabled through the discovery of an unprecedented
photoreaction, a one-photon dual single-bond rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Gerwien
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Jehle
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marvin Irmler
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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6
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Budyka MF, Gavrishova TN, Li VM, Potashova NI, Fedulova JA. Emissive and reactive excimers in a covalently-linked supramolecular multi-chromophoric system with a balanced rigid-flexible structure. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120565. [PMID: 34753706 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel multi-chromophoric system, triad, in which two styrylbenzoquinoline (SBQ) photochromes are connected by a balanced rigid-flexible linker comprising 2,3-naphthylene framework (a residue of 3-oxy-2-naphthoic acid) and tetramethylene groups, was designed and synthesized to study an excimer formation in the excited state. The 1H NMR data testified that triad exists in solution as folded conformers with asymmetric parallel-displaced SBQ units. Under light irradiation, in the triad, competitive photoisomerization and [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reactions were observed, both reactions being reversible. The photocycloaddition resulted in a tetrasubstituted cyclobutane. The red-shifted fluorescence spectrum and the appearance of a long-lived component in the triad fluorescence decay indicated formation of an 'emissive' excimer. The photocycloaddition is assumed to occur in a 'reactive' excimer, in which the ethylene groups of the SBQ photochromes are located at a distance sufficient for the formation of the σ-bonds between them. Quantum-chemical density functional theory (DFT) calculations at M06-2X/6-31G* level predicted the existence of the triad conformers with π-stacking interaction of SBQ photochromes, the structure of which is pre-organized for the excimer formation and photocycloaddition. For the first time, both emissive and reactive excimers were experimentally observed in the multi-chromophoric system with two diarylethylene photochromes undergoing [2 + 2] photocycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail F Budyka
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatiana N Gavrishova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalii M Li
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia I Potashova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Julia A Fedulova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation; Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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7
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A K A, Babu A R S, A Anappara A, N K R. Specific ultralow level chemo-recognition using Graphene-fluorophore supramolecular assembly: Fine-tuning the fluorophore framework. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 266:120408. [PMID: 34592481 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The non-covalent interactions between graphene and aromatic fluorophores have generated highly sensitive fluorimetric turn-on sensors for various significant analytes. Herein, the supramolecular interaction between reduced graphene oxide and 7-Hydroxy-4-Methyl-8-Amino Coumarin is made use of for tracing Cu2+ at sub-zeptomole level with excellent selectivity among a collection of nineteen metal ions. The system enables quantification of the analyte in a commendably wide range, from micromolar to zeptomolar, a feature that almost all-optical sensors lack. Handy solid-state sensor strip fabricated using the above-mentioned supramolecular combination enabled visual recognition of Cu2+ions at the molecular level. Based on the chemo recognition ability of the fluorophore, multiple Boolean logic devices operating at the molecular level are proposed. By screening pertinent coumarin derivatives, it is demonstrated that the selectivity and sensitivity of the sensors of this sort are decided by the number of π- interaction centers of the fluorophores and the strength by which they interact with graphene, respectively, which will enable identification and modification of proper fluorophores for ultra-trace detection of contaminants of environmental relevance from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila A K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Kerala 673635, India
| | - Suresh Babu A R
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Kerala 673635, India.
| | - Aji A Anappara
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut (NITC), Kerala 673601, India.
| | - Renuka N K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Kerala 673635, India.
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8
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Budyka MF, Nikulin PA. Multiphotochromic Systems Based on Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Nanoparticles as “Super-Photochromes” for Photonic Molecular Logic Gates. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143921060035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Mukherjee S, Sahoo A, Deb S, Baitalik S. Light and Cation-Driven Optical Switch based on a Stilbene-Appended Terpyridine System for the Design of Molecular-Scale Logic Devices. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8261-8273. [PMID: 34506718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A molecular system comprising a terpyridine moiety capable of coordinating with different cations and a photoswitchable stilbene unit has been utilized here for the fabrication of multiply configurable logic systems. Incorporation of a substituted stilbene unit into the terpyridine motif generates an intraligand charge-transfer-sensitive module whose absorption and emission spectral properties are highly sensitive to light as well as cations. On the basis of the optical response profile of the receptor in the presence of selected cations as well as light of a specific wavelength, we are able to demonstrate multiple Boolean logic functions such as INHIBIT, IMPLICATION, OR, NOR, and NAND, as well as various combinations of them. Of particular interest, we utilized the present system for the construction of security keypad locks and memory devices by maintaining a proper sequence of the stimuli and monitoring either absorption or emission spectral response at a specific wavelength as the output signal. In addition to various Boolean logic functions, the present system has also the ability to mimic fuzzy logic operations for generating an infinite-valued logic scheme depending on its emission spectral responses upon varying the concentration of cationic (Fe2+ and/or Zn2+) and anionic (CN-) inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Mukherjee
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Anik Sahoo
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sourav Deb
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sujoy Baitalik
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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10
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Synthesis, spectral and photochemical properties of a biphotochromic dyad based on 3-styrylbenzo[f]quinoline and 2-[2-(pyren-1-yl)ethenyl]quinoline. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Xu Z, Malik AU, Shu M, Cui Y. Instant Photochromism Caused by Radical Formation in Photocatalytic Decarboxylation of Dihydrothiazole Derivative
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Abaid Ullah Malik
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Mouhai Shu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
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12
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Budyka MF, Gavrishova TN, Li VM, Dozmorov SA, Kozlovskii VI. Photochemical Properties of the Protonated Form of an Unsymmetrical Biphotochromic Styrylbenzoquinoline Dyad with an Oxymethylene Bridging Group. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143921040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Interplay between Electronic Energy Transfer and Reversible Photoreactions in a Triad Comprising Two Different Styrylbenzoquinoline Photochromes and a ′Hidden′ Quencher. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Budyka MF, Gavrishova TN, Li VM, Dozmorov SA, Kozlovskii VI. Spectral, Luminescent, and Photochemical Properties of 3-Styrybenzo[f]quinolines Substituted in the Styryl Moiety. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143921010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Budyka MF, Gavrishova TN, Li VM, Dozmorov SA. Photoisomerization and Energy Transfer in an Unsymmetrical Biphotochromic Dyad with a Longitudinal Shift of Photochromes—Derivatives of 3-Styrylbenzo[f]quinoline and Oxymethylene Bridging Group. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143921010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Larsen CB. Temperature and solvent-dependent photoluminescence quenching in [Ru(bpy) 2(bpy-cc-AQ)] 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3574-3580. [PMID: 33514966 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05044j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
I have herein investigated the solvent-dependent photoluminescence quenching mechanism of [Ru(bpy)2(bpy-cc-AQ)]2+ using variable temperature emission spectroscopies. The photophysics of this complex are dominated by an excited-state thermal equilibrium between a photoluminescent 3MLCT state and a charge-separated state that lies higher in energy relative to the 3MLCT state in low polarity solvents and approximately isoenergetic in high polarity solvents. Furthermore, an unusual photoluminescence temperature-dependence in high polarity solvents is shown to arise from competition between enthalpic factors favouring the charge-separated state and entropic factors favouring the photoluminescent 3MLCT state, analogous to the molecular light-switch effect of [Ru(bpy)2(dppz)]2+. The solvent-dependent photoluminescence quenching of [Ru(bpy)2(bpy-cc-AQ)]2+ is attributed to two key solvent-dependent factors: (1) the excited-state equilibrium position and (2) the rate of charge-recombination from the charge-separated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Larsen
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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17
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Pawar S, Duadi H, Fleger Y, Fixler D. Carbon Dots-Based Logic Gates. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:232. [PMID: 33477327 PMCID: PMC7830989 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs)-based logic gates are smart nanoprobes that can respond to various analytes such as metal cations, anions, amino acids, pesticides, antioxidants, etc. Most of these logic gates are based on fluorescence techniques because they are inexpensive, give an instant response, and highly sensitive. Computations based on molecular logic can lead to advancement in modern science. This review focuses on different logic functions based on the sensing abilities of CDs and their synthesis. We also discuss the sensing mechanism of these logic gates and bring different types of possible logic operations. This review envisions that CDs-based logic gates have a promising future in computing nanodevices. In addition, we cover the advancement in CDs-based logic gates with the focus of understanding the fundamentals of how CDs have the potential for performing various logic functions depending upon their different categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Pawar
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (S.P.); (H.D.)
| | - Hamootal Duadi
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (S.P.); (H.D.)
| | - Yafit Fleger
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (S.P.); (H.D.)
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18
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Larsen CB, Farrow GA, Smith LD, Appleby MV, Chekulaev D, Weinstein JA, Wenger OS. Solvent-Mediated Activation/Deactivation of Photoinduced Electron-Transfer in a Molecular Dyad. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10430-10438. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - George A. Farrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Liam D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Martin V. Appleby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Julia A. Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
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Wright GD, Yao CY, Moody TS, de Silva AP. Fluorescent molecular logic gates based on photoinduced electron transfer (PET) driven by a combination of atomic and biomolecular inputs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6838-6841. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00478b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A meeting point for entities from chemistry, enzymology and computer science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D. Wright
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
| | - Chao-Yi Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
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20
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Gerwien A, Mayer P, Dube H. Green light powered molecular state motor enabling eight-shaped unidirectional rotation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4449. [PMID: 31575868 PMCID: PMC6773862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular motors convert external energy into directional motions at the nano-scales. To date unidirectional circular rotations and linear motions have been realized but more complex directional trajectories remain unexplored on the molecular level. In this work we present a molecular motor powered by green light allowing to produce an eight-shaped geometry change during its unidirectional rotation around the central molecular axis. Motor motion proceeds in four different steps, which alternate between light powered double bond isomerizations and thermal hula-twist isomerizations. The result is a fixed sequence of populating four different isomers in a fully unidirectional trajectory possessing one crossing point. This motor system opens up unexplored avenues for the construction and mechanisms of molecular machines and will therefore not only significantly expand the toolbox of responsive molecular devices but also enable very different applications in the field of miniaturized technology than currently possible. Molecular motors have predominantly been limited to circular or linear directional motions. Here, the authors design a molecular motor that moves unidirectionally along a more complex figure-eight trajectory by a distinct four-step mechanism that alternates between photochemical and thermal reaction steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Gerwien
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany.
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21
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Qiu S, Cui S, Shi F, Pu S. Novel Diarylethene-Based Fluorescent Switching for the Detection of Al 3+ and Construction of Logic Circuit. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14841-14848. [PMID: 31552323 PMCID: PMC6751689 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel photochromic diarylethene was synthesized successfully containing a phthalazine unit. Its multistate fluorescence switching properties were investigated by stimulating with UV/vis lights and Al3+/EDTA. The synthesized diarylethene displayed excellent selectivity to Al3+ with a distinct fluorescence change, revealing that it could be used as a sensor for fluorescence identification of Al3+, and a logic circuit was constructed by utilizing this diarylethene molecular platform. Moreover, it also exhibited a high accuracy for the determination of Al3+ in practical water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyu Qiu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of
Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology
Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Shiqiang Cui
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of
Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology
Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Fu Shi
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of
Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology
Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of
Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology
Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
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22
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Yao CY, Uchiyama S, de Silva AP. A Personal Journey across Fluorescent Sensing and Logic Associated with Polymers of Various Kinds. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1351. [PMID: 31416199 PMCID: PMC6723954 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our experiences concerning fluorescent molecular sensing and logic devices and their intersections with polymer science are the foci of this brief review. Proton-, metal ion- and polarity-responsive cases of these devices are placed in polymeric micro- or nano-environments, some of which involve phase separation. This leads to mapping of chemical species on the nanoscale. These devices also take advantage of thermal properties of some polymers in water in order to reincarnate themselves as thermometers. When the phase separation leads to particles, the latter can be labelled with identification tags based on molecular logic. Such particles also give rise to reusable sensors, although molecular-scale resolution is sacrificed in the process. Polymeric nano-environments also help to organize rather complex molecular logic systems from their simple components. Overall, our little experiences suggest that researchers in sensing and logic would benefit if they assimilate polymer concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, BT9 5AG Belfast, Northern Ireland.
| | - Seiichi Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - A Prasanna de Silva
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, BT9 5AG Belfast, Northern Ireland.
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23
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Kandinska MI, Kitova SM, Videva VS, Stoyanov SS, Yordanova SB, Baluschev SB, Angelova SE, Vasilev AA. Precious metal-free molecular machines for solar thermal energy storage. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1096-1106. [PMID: 31164946 PMCID: PMC6541326 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Four benzothiazolium crown ether-containing styryl dyes were prepared through an optimized synthetic procedure. Two of the dyes (4b and 4d) having substituents in the 5-position of the benzothiazole ring are newly synthesized compounds. They demonstrated a higher degree of trans–cis photoisomerization and a longer life time of the higher energy forms in comparison with the known analogs. The chemical structures of all dyes in the series were characterized by NMR, UV–vis, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The steady-state photophysical properties of the dyes were elucidated. The stability constants of metal complexes were determined and are in good agreement with the literature data for reference dyes. The temporal evolution of trans-to-cis isomerization was observed in a real-time regime. The dyes demonstrated a low intrinsic fluorescence of their Ba2+ complexes and high yield of E/Z photoisomerization with lifetimes of the higher energy form longer than 500 seconds. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level were performed in order to predict the enthalpies (H) of the cis and trans isomers and the storage energies (ΔH) for the systems studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meglena I Kandinska
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Snejana M Kitova
- Institute for Optical Materials and Technologies "Acad. J. Malinowski", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimira S Videva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.,Institute for Optical Materials and Technologies "Acad. J. Malinowski", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stanimir S Stoyanov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stanislava B Yordanova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Silvia E Angelova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aleksey A Vasilev
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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24
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Yamamoto K, Gomita I, Okajima H, Sakamoto A, Mutoh K, Abe J. Electrochromism of fast photochromic radical complexes forming light-unresponsive stable colored radical cation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4917-4920. [PMID: 30882118 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00455f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated the electrochromism of photochromic radical complexes containing triaryl imidazole: fast photoswitchable pentaarylbiimidazole (PABI) and the phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC). Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry revealed that PABI and PIC generate the highly stable radical cation by one-electron oxidation accompanied by a color change from colorless to green. The stability of the radical cation is strongly affected by the dihedral angle between the imidazole ring and the phenyl ring at the 2-position of the imidazole ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
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25
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Qin Y, Zhang Y, Yin G, Wang Y, Zhang C, Chen L, Tan H, Li X, Xu L, Yang H. Construction of Highly Emissive Pt(II) Metallacycles upon Irradiation. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Guangqiang Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Changwei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Hongwei Tan
- College of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of South Florida Tampa, Florida 33620 United States
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Haibo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
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26
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Hoffmann K, Guentner M, Mayer P, Dube H. Symmetric and nonsymmetric bis-hemithioindigos – precise visible light controlled shape-shifters. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00202b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of bis-hemithioindigo photoswitches with different molecular setups are presented allowing precise manipulation of molecular shapes with visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Hoffmann
- The Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University
- Munich
- Germany
| | - Manuel Guentner
- The Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University
- Munich
- Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- The Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University
- Munich
- Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- The Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University
- Munich
- Germany
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27
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Fleming CL, Li S, Grøtli M, Andréasson J. Shining New Light on the Spiropyran Photoswitch: A Photocage Decides between cis–trans or Spiro-Merocyanine Isomerization. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14069-14072. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Morten Grøtli
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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28
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Budyka MF, Gavrishova TN, Potashova NI, Li VM. Irreversible One-Way [2+2] Photocycloaddition in Bis-Styrylbenzo[f]quinoline Dyad: Photoactive and Photoinert Excimers in the Same System. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail F. Budyka
- Department of Nanophotonics; Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana N. Gavrishova
- Department of Nanophotonics; Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region Russian Federation
| | - Natalia I. Potashova
- Department of Nanophotonics; Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region Russian Federation
| | - Vitalii M. Li
- Department of Nanophotonics; Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region Russian Federation
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29
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Akhlaghi Bagherjeri F, Ritchie C, Gable RW, Boskovic C. Photocoloration in Hybrid Amino Acid Polyoxometalates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Ritchie
- School of Chemistry University of Melbourne 3010 Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Robert W. Gable
- School of Chemistry University of Melbourne 3010 Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Colette Boskovic
- School of Chemistry University of Melbourne 3010 Parkville Victoria Australia
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30
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Budyka MF, Potashova NI, Gavrishova TN, Li VM, Gak VY, Grineva IA. Photochemical Properties of Supramolecular Dyad with Pyrenylethenylquinoline as a Photochrome. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143918030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Hofmann MJ, Motschmann H. The surface rheological signature of the geometric isomers of an azobenzene-surfactant. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12659-12663. [PMID: 29696253 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01025k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The equilibrium and dynamic surface properties of a photosensitive azobenzene-surfactant subject to illumination with UV and Vis-light leading to the respective geometric cis- and trans-isomers were studied. The adsorption layers formed by the soluble surfactant were characterized by pendant drop tensiometry and surface rheology using the oscillating bubble technique. Aqueous solutions corresponding to the geometric isomers could clearly be distinguished in terms of both their equilibrium and dynamic surface properties. The frequency dependence of the surface dilatational modulus could be described by the extended Lucassen-van den Tempel (LvdT)-model. These findings can be interpreted in terms of the changes of the dipole moment. Furthermore, they shed some light on the relation between the molecular structure and macroscopic properties of the adsorption layer.
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32
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Erbas-Cakmak S, Kolemen S, Sedgwick AC, Gunnlaugsson T, James TD, Yoon J, Akkaya EU. Molecular logic gates: the past, present and future. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:2228-2248. [PMID: 29493684 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00491e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The field of molecular logic gates originated 25 years ago, when A. P. de Silva published a seminal article in Nature. Stimulated by this ground breaking research, scientists were inspired to join the race to simulate the workings of the fundamental components of integrated circuits using molecules. The rules of this game of mimicry were flexible, and have evolved and morphed over the years. This tutorial review takes a look back on and provides an overview of the birth and growth of the field of molecular logics. Spinning-off from chemosensor research, molecular logic gates quickly proved themselves to be more than intellectual exercises and are now poised for many potential practical applications. The ultimate goal of this vein of research became clearer only recently - to "boldly go where no silicon-based logic gate has gone before" and seek out a new deeper understanding of life inside tissues and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080 Konya, Turkey
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33
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Andréasson J, Pischel U. Molecules for security measures: from keypad locks to advanced communication protocols. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:2266-2279. [PMID: 29487931 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00287d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The idea of using molecules in the context of information security has sparked the interest of researchers from many scientific disciplines. This is clearly manifested in the diversity of the molecular platforms and the analytical techniques used for this purpose, some of which we highlight in this Tutorial Review. Moreover, those molecular systems can be used to emulate a broad spectrum of security measures. For a long time, molecular keypad locks enjoyed a clear preference and the review starts off with a description of how these devices developed. In the last few years, however, the field has evolved into something larger. Examples include more complex authentication protocols (multi-factor authentication and one-time passwords), the recognition of erroneous procedures in data transmission (parity devices), as well as steganographic and cryptographic protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andréasson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden.
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34
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Stepwise two-photon absorption processes utilizing photochromic reactions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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Fihey A, Russo R, Cupellini L, Jacquemin D, Mennucci B. Is energy transfer limiting multiphotochromism? answers from ab initio quantifications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:2044-2052. [PMID: 28009859 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07458h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dithienylethenes (DTEs) can be assembled to form supramolecular multiphotochromic systems that are highly functional molecular architectures of potential interest for building complex optoelectronic devices. Yet even simple DTE dimers relying on an organic linker may suffer from a partial photoactivity, i.e., only one of the two switches does isomerise. Experimentally, this limited photochromism has been attributed to an excited state energy transfer (EET) between the two DTEs of the multimer; this EET taking place instead of the desired photoinduced cyclisation of the DTE. However, no clear evidences of this phenomenon have been provided so far. In this work we propose the first rationalisation of this potential parasite photoinduced event using a computational approach based on Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) for the calculation of the electronic coupling in DTE dimers. Besides quantifying EET in several systems, we dissect the role of through-bond and through-space mechanisms on this process and clarify their dependence on both the nature and length of the bridge separating the two photochromes. The theoretical data obtained in this framework are in full agreement with the experimental outcomes and pave the way toward a molecular design of coupled, yet fully functionals, DTE-based multiswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Fihey
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes1, 263 Av. du Général Leclerc, 35042, Cedex Rennes, France. and CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2, Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3, France.
| | - Roberto Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Universitá di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Cupellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Universitá di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2, Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3, France. and Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Universitá di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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36
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Inagaki Y, Mutoh K, Abe J. Stepwise photochromism of bisnaphthopyrans exhibiting an excitation intensity-dependent color change. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:946-953. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00205c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bisnaphthopyran derivatives composed of two naphthopyran units exhibit a nonlinear color change depending on the excitation light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Inagaki
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258
- Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258
- Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258
- Japan
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37
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Sundharamurthi S, Sudha K, Karthikaikumar S, Abinaya K, Reddy VR, Kalimuthu P. Switching of inter-valence charge transfer in stimuli-responsive bis(ferrocenyl)porphyrin. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04522k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive 5,15-bis(ferrocenyl)-10,20-bis(mesityl)porphyrin (BFP) was synthesized and used to demonstrate the ON/OFF switching of inter-valence charge transfer (IVCT) between ferrocene terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaliyaperumal Sudha
- Department of Chemistry
- The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed to be University
- Gandhigram
- India
| | | | - Kalyanasundaram Abinaya
- Department of Chemistry
- The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed to be University
- Gandhigram
- India
| | | | - Palanisamy Kalimuthu
- Department of Chemistry
- The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed to be University
- Gandhigram
- India
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38
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Chen JX, Wang JY, Zhang QC, Chen ZN. Multiphotochromism in an Asymmetric Ruthenium Complex with Two Different Dithienylethenes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:13257-13266. [PMID: 28985081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric bis(dithienylethene-acetylide) ruthenium(II) complex trans-Ru(dppe)2(L1o)(L2o) (1oo) incorporating two different dithienylethene-acetylides (L1o and L2o) was designed to modulate multistate photochromism in view of the well separated ring-closing absorption bands between L1o and L2o. Upon irradiation with appropriate wavelengths of light, complex 1 undergoes stepwise photocyclization and selective photocycloreversion to afford four states (1oo, 1co, 1oc, and 1cc). As a contrast, symmetric complexes trans-Ru(dppe)2(L1o)2 (2oo) and trans-Ru(dppe)2(L2o)2 (3oo) with two identical dithienylethene-acetylides were synthesized, and the corresponding photochromic behavior was investigated. The photochromic properties of the oxidized species (1oo+/1co+/1oc+/1cc+, 2oo+/2co+/2cc+, and 3oo+/3co+/3cc+) were also investigated. The ring-closing absorption bands of one-electron oxidized species 1oo+, 2oo+, and 3oo+ show obvious blue shifts relative to those of 1oo, 2oo, and 3oo, respectively. The ring-closing absorption bands in both neutral and oxidized species grow progressively following oo → oc/co → cc and oo+ → oc+/co+ → cc+. As revealed by spectroscopic, electrochemical, and computational studies, complex 1 displays eight switchable states through stepwise photocyclization, selective cycloreversion, and a reversible redox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jin-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qian-Chong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhong-Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
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El Guesmi N, Ahmed SA, Maurel F, Althagafi II, Khairou KS. Photochromism of dihydroindolizines. Part XXII: Significant effect of region B substituents on tuning the photophysical properties of photochromic dihydroindolizines: Absorption, kinetic and computational studies. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mittapalli S, Perumalla DS, Nanubolu JB, Nangia A. Thermomechanical effect in molecular crystals: the role of halogen-bonding interactions. IUCRJ 2017; 4:812-823. [PMID: 29123683 PMCID: PMC5668866 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252517014658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of mechanically responsive materials is interesting because they are potential candidates to convert thermal energy into mechanical work. Reported in this paper are thermosalient effects in a series of halogen derivatives of salinazids. The chloro derivative, with higher electronegativity and a weaker inter-halogen bond strength (Cl⋯Cl) exhibits an excellent thermal response, whereas the response is weaker in the iodo derivative with stronger I⋯I halogen bonding. 3,5-Di-chloro-salinazid (Compound-A) exists in three polymorphic forms, two room-temperature polymorphs (Forms I and II) and one high-temperature modification (Form III). The transformation of Form I to Form III upon heating at 328-333 K is a reversible thermosalient transition, whereas the transformation of Form II to Form III is irreversible and non-thermosalient. 3,5-Di-bromo- (Compound-B) and 3-bromo-5-chloro- (Compound-C) salinazid are both dimorphic: the Form I to Form II transition in Compound-B is irreversible, whereas Compound-C shows a reversible thermosalient effect (362-365 K). In the case of 3,5-di-iodo-salinazid (Compound-D) and 3,5-di-fluoro-salinazid (Compound-E), no phase transitions or thermal effects were observed. The thermosalient behaviour of these halosalinazid molecular crystals is understood from the anisotropy in the cell parameters (an increase in the a axis and a decrease in the b and c axes upon heating) and the sudden release of accumulated strain during the phase transition. The di-halogen salinazid derivatives (chlorine to iodine) show a decrease in thermal effects with an increase in halogen-bond strength. Interestingly, Compound-B shows solid-state photochromism in its polymorphs along with the thermosalient effect, wherein Form I is cyan and Form II is light orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Mittapalli
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Professor C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - D Sravanakumar Perumalla
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 500 016, India
| | | | - Ashwini Nangia
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Professor C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
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41
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Budyka MF, Li VM. Multi-input photonic molecular logic gates based on the styrylpyridine–benzomerocyanine dyad. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143917050034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Ritchie C, Vamvounis G, Soleimaninejad H, Smith TA, Bieske EJ, Dryza V. Photochrome-doped organic films for photonic keypad locks and multi-state fluorescence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19984-19991. [PMID: 28722049 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02818k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopic properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer films doped with two kinds of photochromic molecular switches are investigated. A green-fluorescent sulfonyl diarylethene (P1) is combined with either a non-fluorescent diarylethene (P2) or red-fluorescent spiropyran (P3). Photoswitching between the colorless and colored isomers (P1: o-BTFO4 ↔ c-BTFO4, P2: o-DTE ↔ c-DTE, P3: SP ↔ MC) enables the P1 + P2 and P1 + P3 films to be cycled through three distinct states. From the initial state (o-BTFO4 + o-DTE/SP), irradiation with UV light generates the second state (c-BTFO4 + c-DTE/MC), where c-BTFO4 → c-DTE/MC energy transfer is established. Irradiation with green light then generates the third state (c-BTFO4 + o-DTE/SP), where the energy transfer acceptor is no longer present. Finally, irradiation with blue light regenerates the initial state. For the P1 + P2 film, only one state is fluorescent, with the irradiation inputs required to be entered in the correct order to access this state, acting as a keypad lock. For the P1 + P3 film, the states emit either no fluorescence, red fluorescence, or green fluorescence, all using a common excitation wavelength. Additionally, once the fluorescence is activated with UV light, it undergoes a time-dependent color transition from red to green, due to the pairing of P-type and T-type photochromes. These multi-photochromic systems may be useful for security ink or imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Ritchie
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Phapale D, Ghosh R, Das D. Solvent- and DNA-Controlled Phototriggered Linkage Isomerization in a Ruthenium Sulfoxide Complex Incorporating Dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (dppz). Inorg Chem 2017; 56:6310-6317. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daulat Phapale
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga,
Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Rajib Ghosh
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Dipanwita Das
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga,
Mumbai 400019, India
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44
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Yang Y, Wang KZ, Yan D. Smart Luminescent Coordination Polymers toward Multimode Logic Gates: Time-Resolved, Tribochromic and Excitation-Dependent Fluorescence/Phosphorescence Emission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:17399-17407. [PMID: 28441860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we propose that lanthanide cations (such as Eu3+ and Tb3+)-doped long-afterglow coordination polymers (CPs) can be an effective tool for designing multimode optical logic gates based on their tunable fluorescence/phosphorescence transformation and state-dependent emission. First, multicolor and white-light luminescence across the blue/green/yellow/red visible regions can be obtained by balancing the co-doping ratio of Eu3+/Tb3+ cations and suitable excitations. Additionally, a new tribochromic Eu-Cd-CP was developed based on the mechanism of a change in structural symmetry. Benefitting from long-afterglow, tribochromism, and excitation-dependent emission on the same luminescent CP, a new three-input and three-output logic gate was obtained. Therefore, this work not only provides detailed insights into the interesting fields of tribochromism and tunable photoemission, but also confirms that long-afterglow CPs can serve as a new platform for the construction of smart luminescent systems and multimode optical logic gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Zhi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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Budyka MF, Potasheva NI, Gavrishova TN, Li VM. Photoisomerization and [2 + 2] photocycloaddition in bichromophoric styrylbenzoquinoline dyads with o-xylylene bridge group. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s001814391703002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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McKinney BOF, Daly B, Yao C, Schroeder M, de Silva AP. Consolidating Molecular Logic with New Solid-Bound YES and PASS 1 Gates and Their Combinations. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:1760-1766. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Daly
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Chaoyi Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Marc Schroeder
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - A. Prasanna de Silva
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
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Kink F, Collado MP, Wiedbrauk S, Mayer P, Dube H. Bistable Photoswitching of Hemithioindigo with Green and Red Light: Entry Point to Advanced Molecular Digital Information Processing. Chemistry 2017; 23:6237-6243. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kink
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Marina Polo Collado
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Sandra Wiedbrauk
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
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Naren G, Li S, Andréasson J. One-Time Password Generation and Two-Factor Authentication Using Molecules and Light. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:1726-1729. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaowa Naren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry; Chalmers University of Technology; 41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry; Chalmers University of Technology; 41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry; Chalmers University of Technology; 41296 Göteborg Sweden
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Ma L, Liu G, Pu S, Zheng C, Fan C. Solvent-dependent selective fluorescence sensor for Zn 2+ and Al 3+ based on a new diarylethene with a salicylal schiff base group. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Baroncini M, Semeraro M, Credi A. Unconventional Nonlinear Input-Output Response in a Luminescent Molecular Switch by Inner Filtering Effects. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:1755-1759. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Baroncini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari; Alma Mater Studiorum; Università di Bologna; Viale Fanin 50 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Monica Semeraro
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; Alma Mater Studiorum; Università di Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari; Alma Mater Studiorum; Università di Bologna; Viale Fanin 50 40127 Bologna Italy
- Istituto ISOF-CNR; Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
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