1
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Clarke CJ, Verlet JRR. Dynamics of Anions: From Bound to Unbound States and Everything In Between. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2024; 75:89-110. [PMID: 38277700 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090722-125031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Gas-phase anions present an ideal playground for the exploration of excited-state dynamics. They offer control in terms of the mass, extent of solvation, internal temperature, and conformation. The application of a range of ion sources has opened the field to a vast array of anionic systems whose dynamics are important in areas ranging from biology to star formation. Here, we review recent experimental developments in the field of anion photodynamics, demonstrating the detailed insight into photodynamical and electron-capture processes that can be uncovered. We consider the electronic and nuclear ultrafast dynamics of electronically bound excited states along entire reaction coordinates; electronically unbound states showing that photochemical concepts, such as chromophores and Kasha's rule, are transferable to electron-driven chemistry; and nonvalence states that straddle the interface between bound and unbound states. Finally, we consider likely developments that are sure to keep the field of anion dynamics buoyant and impactful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor J Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom;
| | - Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom;
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2
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Figueira Nunes JP, Ibele LM, Pathak S, Attar AR, Bhattacharyya S, Boll R, Borne K, Centurion M, Erk B, Lin MF, Forbes RJG, Goff N, Hansen CS, Hoffmann M, Holland DMP, Ingle RA, Luo D, Muvva SB, Reid AH, Rouzée A, Rudenko A, Saha SK, Shen X, Venkatachalam AS, Wang X, Ware MR, Weathersby SP, Wilkin K, Wolf TJA, Xiong Y, Yang J, Ashfold MNR, Rolles D, Curchod BFE. Monitoring the Evolution of Relative Product Populations at Early Times during a Photochemical Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4134-4143. [PMID: 38317439 PMCID: PMC10870701 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Identifying multiple rival reaction products and transient species formed during ultrafast photochemical reactions and determining their time-evolving relative populations are key steps toward understanding and predicting photochemical outcomes. Yet, most contemporary ultrafast studies struggle with clearly identifying and quantifying competing molecular structures/species among the emerging reaction products. Here, we show that mega-electronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction in combination with ab initio molecular dynamics calculations offer a powerful route to determining time-resolved populations of the various isomeric products formed after UV (266 nm) excitation of the five-membered heterocyclic molecule 2(5H)-thiophenone. This strategy provides experimental validation of the predicted high (∼50%) yield of an episulfide isomer containing a strained three-membered ring within ∼1 ps of photoexcitation and highlights the rapidity of interconversion between the rival highly vibrationally excited photoproducts in their ground electronic state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea Maria Ibele
- CNRS,
Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000, Université
Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 9140, France
| | - Shashank Pathak
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Andrew R. Attar
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Surjendu Bhattacharyya
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | | | - Kurtis Borne
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Martin Centurion
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches
Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Ruaridh J. G. Forbes
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Nathan Goff
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | | | - Matthias Hoffmann
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Rebecca A. Ingle
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Duan Luo
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Sri Bhavya Muvva
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Alexander H. Reid
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Artem Rudenko
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Sajib Kumar Saha
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Anbu Selvam Venkatachalam
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Matt R. Ware
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Kyle Wilkin
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Thomas J. A. Wolf
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Stanford
PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Yanwei Xiong
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Daniel Rolles
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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3
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Zhang P, Hoang VH, Wang C, Luu TT, Svoboda V, Le AT, Wörner HJ. Effects of Autoionizing Resonances on Wave-Packet Dynamics Studied by Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:153201. [PMID: 37115860 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.153201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We report a combined experimental and theoretical study on the effect of autoionizing resonances in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The coherent excitation of N_{2} by ∼14.15 eV extreme-ultraviolet photons prepares a superposition of three dominant adjacent vibrational levels (v^{'}=14-16) in the valence b^{'} ^{1}Σ_{u}^{+} state, which are probed by the absorption of two or three near-infrared photons (800 nm). The superposition manifests itself as coherent oscillations in the measured photoelectron spectra. A quantum-mechanical simulation confirms that two autoionizing Rydberg states converging to the excited A ^{2}Π_{u} and B ^{2}Σ_{u}^{+} N_{2}^{+} cores are accessed by the resonant absorption of near-infrared photons. We show that these resonances apply different filters to the observation of the vibrational wave packet, which results in different phases and amplitudes of the oscillating photoelectron signal depending on the nature of the autoionizing resonance. This work clarifies the importance of resonances in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and particularly reveals the phase of vibrational quantum beats as a powerful observable for characterizing the properties of such resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Zhang
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Van-Hung Hoang
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Chuncheng Wang
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tran Trung Luu
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, SAR Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Vít Svoboda
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anh-Thu Le
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 196A Auditorium Road, Unit 3046, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Waters MDJ, Ng ZX, Monahan NR, Wörner HJ. Ultrafast Imaging of the Jahn-Teller Topography in Carbon Tetrachloride. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7659-7666. [PMID: 36952597 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the direct time-domain observation of ultrafast dynamics driven by the Jahn-Teller effect. Using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with a vacuum-ultraviolet femtosecond source to prepare high-lying Rydberg states of carbon tetrachloride, our measurements reveal the local topography of a Jahn-Teller conical intersection. The pump pulse prepares a configurationally mixed superposition of the degenerate 1T2 4p-Rydberg states, which then distorts through spontaneous symmetry breaking that we identify to follow the t2 bending motion. Photoionization of these states to three cationic states 2T1, 2T2, and 2E reveals a shift in the center-of-mass of the photoelectron peaks associated with the 2Tn states which reveals the local topography of the Jahn-Teller conical intersection region prepared by the pump pulse. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations confirm that the dominant nuclear motion observed in the spectrum is the CCl4 t2 bending mode. The large density of states in the VUV spectral region at 9.33 eV of carbon tetrachloride and strong vibronic coupling result in ultrafast decay of the excited-state signal with a time constant of 75(4) fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max D J Waters
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zi Xuan Ng
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas R Monahan
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Waters MDJ, Casanova JT, Wörner HJ. Ultrafast dissociation of nitromethane from the 3p Rydberg state. Mol Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2164749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Max D. J. Waters
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Kotsina N, Jackson SL, Malcomson T, Paterson MJ, Townsend D. Photochemical carbon-sulfur bond cleavage in thioethers mediated via excited state Rydberg-to-valence evolution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29423-29436. [PMID: 36453640 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04789f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron imaging and supporting ab initio quantum chemistry calculations were used to investigate non-adiabatic excess energy redistribution dynamics operating in the saturated thioethers diethylsulfide, tetrahydrothiophene and thietane. In all cases, 200 nm excitation leads to molecular fragmentation on an ultrafast (<100 fs) timescale, driven by the evolution of Rydberg-to-valence orbital character along the S-C stretching coordinate. The C-S-C bending angle was also found to be a key coordinate driving initial internal conversion through the excited state Rydberg manifold, although only small angular displacements away from the ground state equilibrium geometry are required. Conformational constraints imposed by the cyclic ring structures of tetrahydrothiophene and thietane do not therefore influence dynamical timescales to any significant extent. Through use of a high-intensity 267 nm probe, we were also able to detect the presence of some transient (bi)radical species. These are extremely short lived, but they appear to confirm the presence of two competing excited state fragmentation channels - one proceeding directly from the initially prepared 4p manifold, and one involving non-adiabatic population of the 4s state. This is in addition to a decay pathway leading back to the S0 electronic ground state, which shows an enhanced propensity in the 5-membered ring system tetrahydrothiophene over the other two species investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Kotsina
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Sebastian L Jackson
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Thomas Malcomson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Martin J Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.,Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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7
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Schnappinger T, Jadoun D, Gudem M, Kowalewski M. Time-resolved X-ray and XUV based spectroscopic methods for nonadiabatic processes in photochemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12763-12781. [PMID: 36317595 PMCID: PMC9671098 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04875b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The photochemistry of numerous molecular systems is influenced by conical intersections (CIs). These omnipresent nonadiabatic phenomena provide ultra-fast radiationless relaxation channels by creating degeneracies between electronic states and decide over the final photoproducts. In their presence, the Born-Oppenheimer approximation breaks down, and the timescales of the electron and nuclear dynamics become comparable. Due to the ultra-fast dynamics and the complex interplay between nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom, the direct experimental observation of nonadiabatic processes close to CIs remains challenging. In this article, we give a theoretical perspective on novel spectroscopic techniques capable of observing clear signatures of CIs. We discuss methods that are based on ultra-short laser pulses in the extreme ultraviolet and X-ray regime, as their spectral and temporal resolution allow for resolving the ultra-fast dynamics near CIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schnappinger
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Deependra Jadoun
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mahesh Gudem
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Markus Kowalewski
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Hodecker M, Dempwolff AL, Schirmer J, Dreuw A. Theoretical analysis and comparison of unitary coupled-cluster and algebraic-diagrammatic construction methods for ionization. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:074104. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0070967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hodecker
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian L. Dempwolff
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Schirmer
- Theoretical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Kotsina N, Brahms C, Jackson S, Travers JC, Townsend D. Spectroscopic application of few-femtosecond deep-ultraviolet laser pulses from resonant dispersive wave emission in a hollow capillary fibre. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9586-9594. [PMID: 36091901 PMCID: PMC9400683 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02185d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We exploit the phenomenon of resonant dispersive wave (RDW) emission in gas-filled hollow capillary fibres (HCFs) to realize time-resolved photoelectron imaging (TRPEI) measurements with an extremely short temporal resolution. By integrating the output end of an HCF directly into a vacuum chamber assembly we demonstrate two-colour deep ultraviolet (DUV)-infrared instrument response functions of just 10 and 11 fs at central pump wavelengths of 250 and 280 nm, respectively. This result represents an advance in the current state of the art for ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy. We also present an initial TRPEI measurement investigating the excited-state photochemical dynamics operating in the N-methylpyrrolidine molecule. Given the substantial interest in generating extremely short and highly tuneable DUV pulses for many advanced spectroscopic applications, we anticipate our first demonstration will stimulate wider uptake of the novel RDW-based approach for studying ultrafast photochemistry – particularly given the relatively compact and straightforward nature of the HCF setup. We exploit the phenomenon of resonant dispersive wave emission in gas-filled hollow capillary fibres to realize time-resolved photoelectron imaging measurements with an extremely short temporal resolution.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Kotsina
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Christian Brahms
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Sebastian L. Jackson
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - John C. Travers
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
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10
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Silfies MC, Kowzan G, Lewis N, Allison TK. Broadband cavity-enhanced ultrafast spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9743-9752. [PMID: 33871003 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00631b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Broadband ultrafast optical spectroscopy methods, such as transient absorption spectroscopy and 2D spectroscopy, are widely used to study molecular dynamics. However, these techniques are typically restricted to optically thick samples, such as solids and liquid solutions. In this article we discuss a cavity-enhanced ultrafast transient absorption spectrometer covering almost the entire visible range with a detection limit of ΔOD < 1 × 10-9, extending broadband all-optical ultrafast spectroscopy techniques to dilute beams of gas-phase molecules and clusters. We describe the technical innovations behind the spectrometer and present transient absorption data on two archetypical molecular systems for excited-state intramolecular proton transfer, 1'-hydroxy-2'-acetonapthone and salicylideneaniline, under jet-cooled and Ar cluster conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles C Silfies
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790-3400, USA.
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11
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Fushitani M, Pratt ST, You D, Saito S, Luo Y, Ueda K, Fujise H, Hishikawa A, Ibrahim H, Légaré F, Johnsson P, Peschel J, Simpson ER, Olofsson A, Mauritsson J, Carpeggiani PA, Maroju PK, Moioli M, Ertel D, Shah R, Sansone G, Csizmadia T, Dumergue M, Harshitha NG, Kühn S, Callegari C, Plekan O, Di Fraia M, Danailov MB, Demidovich A, Giannessi L, Raimondi L, Zangrando M, De Ninno G, Ribič PR, Prince KC. Time-resolved photoelectron imaging of complex resonances in molecular nitrogen. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:144305. [PMID: 33858156 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used the FERMI free-electron laser to perform time-resolved photoelectron imaging experiments on a complex group of resonances near 15.38 eV in the absorption spectrum of molecular nitrogen, N2, under jet-cooled conditions. The new data complement and extend the earlier work of Fushitani et al. [Opt. Express 27, 19702-19711 (2019)], who recorded time-resolved photoelectron spectra for this same group of resonances. Time-dependent oscillations are observed in both the photoelectron yields and the photoelectron angular distributions, providing insight into the interactions among the resonant intermediate states. In addition, for most states, we observe an exponential decay of the photoelectron yield that depends on the ionic final state. This observation can be rationalized by the different lifetimes for the intermediate states contributing to a particular ionization channel. Although there are nine resonances within the group, we show that by detecting individual photoelectron final states and their angular dependence, we can identify and differentiate quantum pathways within this complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Fushitani
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Stephen T Pratt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Daehyun You
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shu Saito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yu Luo
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hikaru Fujise
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Heide Ibrahim
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - François Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Per Johnsson
- Lund University, Department of Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anna Olofsson
- Lund University, Department of Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Matteo Moioli
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Ertel
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ronak Shah
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Sansone
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tamás Csizmadia
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit, Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Mathieu Dumergue
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit, Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - N G Harshitha
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit, Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Sergei Kühn
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit, Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Oksana Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Miltcho B Danailov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexander Demidovich
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Raimondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Ninno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Primož Rebernik Ribič
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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12
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Mejuto-Zaera C, Weng G, Romanova M, Cotton SJ, Whaley KB, Tubman NM, Vlček V. Are multi-quasiparticle interactions important in molecular ionization? J Chem Phys 2021; 154:121101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0044060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guorong Weng
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Mariya Romanova
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Stephen J. Cotton
- Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (QuAIL), Exploration Technology Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA
- KBR, 601 Jefferson St., Houston, Texas 77002, USA
| | | | - Norm M. Tubman
- Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (QuAIL), Exploration Technology Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA
| | - Vojtěch Vlček
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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13
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Kotsina N, Townsend D. Improved insights in time-resolved photoelectron imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10736-10755. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00933h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We review new light source developments and data analysis considerations relevant to the time-resolved photoelectron imaging technique. Case studies illustrate how these themes may enhance understanding in studies of excited state molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Kotsina
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
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14
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Paterson MJ, Townsend D. Rydberg-to-valence evolution in excited state molecular dynamics. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2020.1815389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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15
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Liu Y, Chakraborty P, Matsika S, Weinacht T. Excited state dynamics of cis,cis-1,3-cyclooctadiene: UV pump VUV probe time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:074301. [PMID: 32828099 DOI: 10.1063/5.0006920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present UV pump, vacuum ultraviolet probe time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of the excited state dynamics of cis,cis-1,3-cyclooctadiene. A 4.75 eV deep UV pump pulse launches a vibrational wave packet on the first electronically excited state, and the ensuing dynamics are probed via ionization using a 7.92 eV probe pulse. The experimental results indicate that the wave packet undergoes rapid internal conversion to the ground state in under 100 fs. Comparing the measurements with electronic structure and trajectory surface hopping calculations, we are able to interpret the features in the measured photoelectron spectra in terms of ionization to several states of the molecular cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Pratip Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Thomas Weinacht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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16
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Kotsina N, Candelaresi M, Saalbach L, Zawadzki MM, Crane SW, Sparling C, Townsend D. Short-wavelength probes in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: an extended view of the excited state dynamics in acetylacetone. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4647-4658. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00068j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using a vacuum ultraviolet probe brings new insight to the excited state dynamics operating in acetylacetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Kotsina
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Marco Candelaresi
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Lisa Saalbach
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | | | - Stuart W. Crane
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Chris Sparling
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
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17
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van den Wildenberg S, Mignolet B, Levine RD, Remacle F. Temporal and spatially resolved imaging of the correlated nuclear-electronic dynamics and of the ionized photoelectron in a coherently electronically highly excited vibrating LiH molecule. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:134310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5116250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan van den Wildenberg
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Research Unit Molecular Systems, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Benoit Mignolet
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Research Unit Molecular Systems, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - R. D. Levine
- The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F. Remacle
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Research Unit Molecular Systems, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium
- The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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18
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Holt EL, Stavros VG. Applications of ultrafast spectroscopy to sunscreen development, from first principles to complex mixtures. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2019.1663062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Holt
- Molecular Analytical Science Centre for Doctoral Training, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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19
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Ruberti M. Onset of ionic coherence and ultrafast charge dynamics in attosecond molecular ionisation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17584-17604. [PMID: 31372608 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03074c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Here is presented a fully ab initio theoretical framework for simulating the correlated many-electron dynamics occurring during and emerging from molecular ionisation by attosecond laser pulses. This is based on the time-dependent (TD) version of the B-spline restricted correlation space (RCS)-algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC) method, with the full description of the photoelectron and inclusion of electron correlation effects, such as shakeup processes and inter-channel couplings. The nature of the ultrafast charge dynamics in the molecular ion is elucidated by quantitatively predicting the degree of electronic coherence and eigenstate content of the prepared molecular cationic state, beyond the commonly used sudden approximation. The results presented here for the acetylene and ethylene molecules show that even in the high photon energy regime the simulated hole dynamics is quantitatively different from the prediction of the sudden approximation. Moreover, for high-bandwidth ionising pulse, the residual interaction between the cation, in highly-excited shake-up states, and the emitted slow photoelectron gives rise to a loss of coherence in the ionic system which can persist for the first few femtoseconds after ionisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruberti
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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20
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Ruberti M. Restricted Correlation Space B-Spline ADC Approach to Molecular Ionization: Theory and Applications to Total Photoionization Cross-Sections. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:3635-3653. [PMID: 31136172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein is presented a new approach to the ab initio algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC) schemes for the polarization propagator, which is explicitly designed to accurately and efficiently describe molecular ionization. The restricted correlation space (RCS) version of the ADC methods up to second order of perturbation theory is derived via the intermediate state representation (ISR) and implemented in the multicenter B-spline basis set for the electronic continuum. Remarkably a general close-coupling structure of the RCS-ADC many-electron wave function, connecting the N-particle to the ( N - 1)-particle ADC intermediate states, emerges naturally as a nontrivial result of the RCS ansatz. Moreover, the introduced RCS-ADC schemes prove to be particularly manageable from a computational point of view, overcoming the practical limitations of the conventional ADC approaches. The quality of the new RCS-ADC( n) approaches is verified by performing a series of total photoionization cross-section calculations on a test set of molecules. The excellent agreement of the results with existing accurate benchmarks demonstrates that the RCS versions of the ADC schemes are optimal and quantitatively accurate methods for studying multichannel molecular photoionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruberti
- Department of Physics , Imperial College London , Prince Consort Road , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
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21
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Dempwolff AL, Schneider M, Hodecker M, Dreuw A. Efficient implementation of the non-Dyson third-order algebraic diagrammatic construction approximation for the electron propagator for closed- and open-shell molecules. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:064108. [PMID: 30769986 DOI: 10.1063/1.5081674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L. Dempwolff
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, D–69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, D–69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Hodecker
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, D–69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, D–69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Larsen MAB, Sølling TI, Forbes R, Boguslavskiy AE, Makhija V, Veyrinas K, Lausten R, Stolow A, Zawadzki MM, Saalbach L, Kotsina N, Paterson MJ, Townsend D. Vacuum ultraviolet excited state dynamics of small amides. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:054301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5079721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. B. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Theis I. Sølling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5,
Canada
| | - Andrey E. Boguslavskiy
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5,
Canada
- National Research Council Canada,
100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5A2, Canada
| | - Varun Makhija
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5,
Canada
| | - Kévin Veyrinas
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5,
Canada
| | - Rune Lausten
- National Research Council Canada,
100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5A2, Canada
| | - Albert Stolow
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5,
Canada
- National Research Council Canada,
100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5A2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5,
Canada
| | - Magdalena M. Zawadzki
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Saalbach
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Nikoleta Kotsina
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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23
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Zhang B. Unraveling vibrational wavepacket dynamics using femtosecond ion yield spectroscopy and photoelectron imaging. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1811252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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24
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Richter M, González-Vázquez J, Mašín Z, Brambila DS, Harvey AG, Morales F, Martín F. Ultrafast imaging of laser-controlled non-adiabatic dynamics in NO2 from time-resolved photoelectron emission. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10038-10051. [PMID: 31046039 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00649d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Imaging and controlling the ultrafast conical intersection dynamics in NO2 using the latest advances in attosecond and light-synthesizer technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Richter
- Departamento de Química
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | | | - Zdeněk Mašín
- Max-Born-Institute
- Max-Born-Straße 2A
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
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25
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Dsouza R, Cheng X, Li Z, Miller RJD, Kochman MA. Oscillatory Photoelectron Signal of N-Methylmorpholine as a Test Case for the Algebraic-Diagrammatic Construction Method of Second Order. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9688-9700. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raison Dsouza
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Bldg. 99 (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Bldg. 99 (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zheng Li
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Bldg. 99 (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. J. Dwayne Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Bldg. 99 (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Michał Andrzej Kochman
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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26
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UV-Driven Harmonic Generation for Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Polyatomic Molecules. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A single-order harmonic pulse in the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) is highly desirable for time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) of polyatomic molecules. A high-power 9th harmonic of a Ti:sapphire laser (hv = 14 eV) is obtained using a UV driving laser at 270 nm (the 3rd harmonic). We describe our recent efforts to develop VUV TRPES combined with UV-driven harmonic generation, and present a few representative results from our recent TRPES studies.
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27
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Hüter O, Temps F. Ultrafast α -CC bond cleavage of acetone upon excitation to 3p and 3d Rydberg states by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging. J Chem Phys 2018; 145:214312. [PMID: 28799347 DOI: 10.1063/1.4971243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiationless electronic relaxation and α -CC bond fission dynamics of jet-cooled acetone in the S1 (nπ*) state and in high-lying 3p and 3d Rydberg states have been investigated by femtosecond time-resolved mass spectrometry and photoelectron imaging. The S1 state was accessed by absorption of a UV pump photon at selected wavelengths between λ = 320 and 250 nm. The observed acetone mass signals and the S1 photoelectron band decayed on sub-picosecond time scales, consistent with a recently proposed ultrafast structural relaxation of the molecules in the S1 state away from the Franck-Condon probe window. No direct signatures could be observed by the experiments for CC dissociation on the S1 potential energy hypersurface in up to 1 ns. The observed acetyl mass signals at all pump wavelengths turned out to be associated with absorption by the molecules of one or more additional pump and/or probe photons. In particular, absorption of a second UV pump photon by the S1 (nπ*) state was found to populate a series of high-lying states belonging to the n = 3 Rydberg manifold. The respective transitions are favored by much larger cross sections compared to the S1 ← S0 transition. The characteristic energies revealed by the photoelectron images allowed for assignments to the 3p and 3dyz states. At two-photon excitation energies higher than 8.1 eV, an ultrafast reaction pathway for breaking the α -CC bond in 50-90 fs via the 3dyz Rydberg state and the elusive ππ* state was observed, explaining the formation of acetyl radicals after femtosecond laser excitation of acetone at these wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hüter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - F Temps
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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28
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Boguslavskiy AE, Schalk O, Gador N, Glover WJ, Mori T, Schultz T, Schuurman MS, Martínez TJ, Stolow A. Excited state non-adiabatic dynamics of the smallest polyene, trans 1,3-butadiene. I. Time-resolved photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:164302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5016452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey E. Boguslavskiy
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Oliver Schalk
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Niklas Gador
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - William J. Glover
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Toshifumi Mori
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Schultz
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Michael S. Schuurman
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Todd J. Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Albert Stolow
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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29
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Ultrafast 25-fs relaxation in highly excited states of methyl azide mediated by strong nonadiabatic coupling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E11072-E11081. [PMID: 29109279 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712566114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly excited electronic states are challenging to explore experimentally and theoretically-due to the large density of states and the fact that small structural changes lead to large changes in electronic character with associated strong nonadiabatic dynamics. They can play a key role in astrophysical and ionospheric chemistry, as well as the detonation chemistry of high-energy density materials. Here, we implement ultrafast vacuum-UV (VUV)-driven electron-ion coincidence imaging spectroscopy to directly probe the reaction pathways of highly excited states of energetic molecules-in this case, methyl azide. Our data, combined with advanced theoretical simulations, show that photoexcitation of methyl azide by a 10-fs UV pulse at 8 eV drives fast structural changes and strong nonadiabatic coupling that leads to relaxation to other excited states on a surprisingly fast timescale of 25 fs. This ultrafast relaxation differs from dynamics occurring on lower excited states, where the timescale required for the wavepacket to reach a region of strong nonadiabatic coupling is typically much longer. Moreover, our theoretical calculations show that ultrafast relaxation of the wavepacket to a lower excited state occurs along one of the conical intersection seams before reaching the minimum energy conical intersection. These findings are important for understanding the unique strongly coupled non-Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics of VUV-excited energetic molecules. Although such observations have been predicted for many years, this study represents one of the few where such strongly coupled non-Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics of VUV-excited energetic molecules have been conclusively observed directly, making it possible to identify the ultrafast reaction pathways.
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30
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Reimers JR, Hush NS. Relating transition-state spectroscopy to standard chemical spectroscopic processes. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Hao Q, Deng X, Long J, Wang Y, Abulimiti B, Zhang B. Real-time observation of cascaded electronic relaxation processes in p-Fluorotoluene. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 183:109-115. [PMID: 28441538 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast electronic relaxation processes following two photoexcitation of 400nm in p-Fluorotoluene (pFT) have been investigated utilizing time-resolved photoelectron imaging coupled with time-resolved mass spectroscopy. Cascaded electronic relaxation processes started from the electronically excited S2 state are directly imaged in real time and well characterized by two distinct time constants of ~85±10fs and 2.4±0.3ps. The rapid component corresponds to the lifetime of the initially excited S2 state, including the structure relaxation from the Franck-Condon region to the conical intersection of S2/S1 and the subsequent internal conversion to the highly excited S1 state. While, the slower relaxation constant is attributed to the further internal conversion to the high levels of S0 from the secondarily populated S1 locating in the channel three region. Moreover, dynamical differences with benzene and toluene of analogous structures, including, specifically, the slightly slower relaxation rate of S2 and the evidently faster decay of S1, are also presented and tentatively interpreted as the substituent effects. In addition, photoelectron kinetic energy and angular distributions reveal the feature of accidental resonances with low-lying Rydberg states (the 3p, 4s and 4p states) during the multi-photon ionization process, providing totally unexpected but very interesting information for pFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xulan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jinyou Long
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Bumaliya Abulimiti
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, PR China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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32
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Time-resolved photoelectron signals from bifurcating electron wavepackets propagated across conical intersection in path-branching dynamics. Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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He ZG, Chen ZC, Yang DY, Dai DX, Wu GR, Yang XM. A New kHz Velocity Map Ion/Electron Imaging Spectrometer for Femtosecond Time-Resolved Molecular Reaction Dynamics Studies. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/30/cjcp1702018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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34
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Hüter O, Temps F. Note: Energy calibration of a femtosecond photoelectron imaging detector with correction for the ponderomotive shift of atomic ionization energies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:046101. [PMID: 28456263 DOI: 10.1063/1.4979799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond photoelectron imaging spectroscopy is a powerful technique for following state-resolved molecular transformations in complex coupled potential energy landscapes. To avoid unwanted nonlinear side-effects, the employed laser pulse energies are usually reduced to minimal values. However, the energy calibration of the photoelectron imaging detector is ideally performed using multi-photon above-threshold ionization of suitable atomic species, for which rather high laser intensities are required. In this work, we show that the calibration spectra of xenon obtained with high laser pulse energies cannot be directly used for the evaluation of molecular photoelectron spectra recorded using low-energy laser pulses. The reason is the intensity-dependent AC Stark shift of the atomic ionization energies to larger values, which in turn leads to a corresponding decrease of the photoelectron kinetic energies. We present a simple procedure to quantify this so-called ponderomotive shift and calculate the theoretically expected un-shifted photoelectron energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hüter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - F Temps
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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35
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Ruckenbauer M, Mai S, Marquetand P, González L. Revealing Deactivation Pathways Hidden in Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectra. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35522. [PMID: 27762396 PMCID: PMC5071879 DOI: 10.1038/srep35522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy is commonly employed with the intention to monitor electronic excited-state dynamics occurring in a neutral molecule. With the help of theory, we show that when excited-state processes occur on similar time scales the different relaxation pathways are completely obscured in the total photoionization signal recorded in the experiment. Using non-adiabatic molecular dynamics and Dyson norms, we calculate the photoionization signal of cytosine and disentangle the transient contributions originating from the different deactivation pathways of its tautomers. In the simulations, the total signal from the relevant keto and enol tautomers can be decomposed into contributions either from the neutral electronic state populations or from the distinct mechanistic pathways across the multiple potential surfaces. The lifetimes corresponding to these contributions cannot be extracted from the experiment, thereby illustrating that new experimental setups are necessary to unravel the intricate non-adiabatic pathways occurring in polyatomic molecules after irradiation by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ruckenbauer
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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36
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Horke DA, Watts HM, Smith AD, Jager E, Springate E, Alexander O, Cacho C, Chapman RT, Minns RS. Hydrogen Bonds in Excited State Proton Transfer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:163002. [PMID: 27792360 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.163002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonding interactions between biological chromophores and their surrounding protein and solvent environment significantly affect the photochemical pathways of the chromophore and its biological function. A common first step in the dynamics of these systems is excited state proton transfer between the noncovalently bound molecules, which stabilizes the system against dissociation and principally alters relaxation pathways. Despite such fundamental importance, studying excited state proton transfer across a hydrogen bond has proven difficult, leaving uncertainties about the mechanism. Through time-resolved photoelectron imaging measurements, we demonstrate how the addition of a single hydrogen bond and the opening of an excited state proton transfer channel dramatically changes the outcome of a photochemical reaction, from rapid dissociation in the isolated chromophore to efficient stabilization and ground state recovery in the hydrogen bonded case, and uncover the mechanism of excited state proton transfer at a hydrogen bond, which follows sequential hydrogen and charge transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Horke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H M Watts
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - A D Smith
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - E Jager
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - E Springate
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - O Alexander
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - C Cacho
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - R T Chapman
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - R S Minns
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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37
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Toffoli D, Decleva P. A Multichannel Least-Squares B-Spline Approach to Molecular Photoionization: Theory, Implementation, and Applications within the Configuration–Interaction Singles Approximation. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:4996-5008. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Toffoli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri
1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Piero Decleva
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri
1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS, Trieste, Italy
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38
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Hüter O, Sala M, Neumann H, Zhang S, Studzinski H, Egorova D, Temps F. Long-lived coherence in pentafluorobenzene as a probe of ππ* – πσ* vibronic coupling. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:014302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4954705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O. Hüter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - M. Sala
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - H. Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - S. Zhang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - H. Studzinski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - D. Egorova
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - F. Temps
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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39
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Acocella A, de Simone M, Evangelista F, Coreno M, Rudolf P, Zerbetto F. Time-dependent quantum simulation of coronene photoemission spectra. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:13604-15. [PMID: 27141554 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06455d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectron spectroscopy is usually described by a simple equation that relates the binding energy of the photoemitted electron, Ebinding, its kinetic energy, Ekinetic, the energy of the ionizing photon, Ephoton, and the work function of the spectrometer, ϕ, Ebinding = Ephoton - Ekinetic - ϕ. Behind this equation there is an extremely rich physics, which we describe here using as an example a relatively simple conjugated molecule, namely coronene. The theoretical analysis of valence band and C1s core level photoemission spectra showed that multiple excitations play an important role in determining the intensities of the final spectrum. An explicit, time-evolving model is applied, which is able to count all possible photo-excitations occurring during the photoemission process, showing that they evolve on a short time-scale, of about 10 fs. The method reveals itself to be a valid approach to reproduce photoemission spectra of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Acocella
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, V. F. Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Monica de Simone
- CNR-IOM Lab TASC, ss. 14 km 163,5, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Evangelista
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcello Coreno
- CNR-ISM, uos Trieste, ss.14 km 163,5 Basovizza, I-34139 Trieste, Italy
| | - Petra Rudolf
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, V. F. Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
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40
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Goel P, Nooijen M. A proposed new scheme for vibronically resolved time-dependent photoelectron spectroscopy: pump-repump-continuous wave-photoelectron spectroscopy (prp-cw-pes). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11263-77. [PMID: 27052895 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07889j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new scheme for time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy denoted as pump-repump-continuous wave-photoelectron spectroscopy (prp-cw-pes). This scheme is comprised of two femtosecond laser (pump) pulses under cw illumination (probe). By changing the time-delay between pump and repump lasers one can manipulate the populations of vibronic levels in electronic excited states. The cw laser acts on for a long time and establishes resonance between excited states and the continuum photo-ionized states. Sharp spectra can be obtained from the resonance condition [formula: see text]. The intensities in the spectra are sensitive to the time-delay between the pump-repump pulses, but only depend on the populations of excited states, not the phase relations (coherence). As a result, each time-delayed snapshot spectrum is a weighted sum of so-called fingerprints, where a fingerprint is the vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectrum for a single vibronic excited state. The latter information can potentially be simulated reliably using vibronic models and wave packet propagation methods. In the easiest application of the experiment, different time-delays produce different spectra, for a single molecular system. This wealth of experimental data can be fitted to an, ideally small, set of theoretical fingerprints by adjusting the populations as fitting parameters. This technique might be able to distinguish between closely related molecular species. Adopting a different viewpoint, the proposed scheme can also be employed to monitor the time-dependent dynamics by changing the phase relationship between the pump and repump laser that can be viewed as a "control mechanism" employed in wave packet interferometry. Simplifications arise as the change in the spectra is due to the changing populations, not because of the coherence. In this paper, we outline the ideas behind the scheme and illustrate the ideas theoretically using simple model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Goel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Marcel Nooijen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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41
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Endo T, Matsuda A, Fushitani M, Yasuike T, Tolstikhin OI, Morishita T, Hishikawa A. Imaging Electronic Excitation of NO by Ultrafast Laser Tunneling Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:163002. [PMID: 27152798 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.163002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling-ionization imaging of photoexcitation of NO has been demonstrated by using few-cycle near-infrared intense laser pulses (8 fs, 800 nm, 1.1×10^{14} W/cm^{2}). The ion image of N^{+} fragment ions produced by dissociative ionization of NO in the ground state, NO (X^{2}Π,2π)→NO^{+}+e^{-}→N^{+}+O+e^{-}, exhibits a characteristic momentum distribution peaked at 45° with respect to the laser polarization direction. On the other hand, a broad distribution centered at ∼0° appears when the A^{2}Σ^{+} (3sσ) excited state is prepared as the initial state by deep-UV photoexcitation. The observed angular distributions are in good agreement with the corresponding theoretical tunneling ionization yields, showing that the fragment anisotropy reflects changes of the highest-occupied molecular orbital by photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Akitaka Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mizuho Fushitani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | | | - Oleg I Tolstikhin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Toru Morishita
- Institute for Advanced Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofu-ga-oka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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42
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Bhattacherjee A, Attar AR, Leone SR. Transition state region in the A-Band photodissociation of allyl iodide—A femtosecond extreme ultraviolet transient absorption study. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:124311. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4944930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bhattacherjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Andrew R. Attar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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43
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Klein LB, Morsing TJ, Livingstone RA, Townsend D, Sølling TI. The effects of symmetry and rigidity on non-adiabatic dynamics in tertiary amines: a time-resolved photoelectron velocity-map imaging study of the cage-amine ABCO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:9715-23. [PMID: 27000487 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07910a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The non-adiabatic relaxation dynamics of the tertiary cage-amine azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (ABCO, also known as quinuclidine) have been investigated following 3p Rydberg excitation at 201 nm using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging (TRPEI). The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the rigid and symmetric cage structure found in ABCO on the general non-adiabatic relaxation processes commonly seen in other tertiary aliphatic amines (TAAs). Our data is compared with TRPEI results very recently obtained for several structurally less rigid TAA systems [J. O. F. Thompson et al., Chem. Sci., 2016, 7, 1826-1839] and helps to confirm many of the previously reported findings. The experimental results for ABCO in the short-time (<1 ps) regime strongly support earlier conclusions suggesting that planarization about the N-atom is not a prerequisite for efficient 3p-3s internal conversion. Additionally, individual photoelectron peaks within our ABCO data show no temporal shifts in energy. As confirmed by our supporting quantum mechanical calculations, this demonstrates that neither internal conversion within the 3p manifold or significant conformational re-organization are possible in the ABCO system. This result therefore lends strong additional support to the active presence of such dynamical effects in other, less conformationally restricted TAA species, where photoelectron peak shifts are commonly observed. Finally, the extremely long (>1 ns) 3s Rydberg state lifetime seen in ABCO (relative to other TAA systems at similar excitation energies) serves to illustrate the large influence of symmetry and conformational rigidity on intramolecular vibrational redistribution processes previously implicated in mediating this aspect of the overall relaxation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv B Klein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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44
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Ponzi A, Sapunar M, Angeli C, Cimiraglia R, Došlić N, Decleva P. Photoionization of furan from the ground and excited electronic states. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:084307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4941608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Ponzi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, R. Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Sapunar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, R. Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Celestino Angeli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Renzo Cimiraglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nađa Došlić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, R. Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Piero Decleva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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45
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Cappel UB, Plogmaker S, Terschlüsen JA, Leitner T, Johansson EMJ, Edvinsson T, Sandell A, Karis O, Siegbahn H, Svensson S, Mårtensson N, Rensmo H, Söderström J. Electronic structure dynamics in a low bandgap polymer studied by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:21921-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04136a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The excited electronic structure of PCPDTBT was measured by combining a high harmonic generation source and a time-of-flight spectrometer.
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46
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Zawadzki MM, Candelaresi M, Saalbach L, Crane SW, Paterson MJ, Townsend D. Observation of multi-channel non-adiabatic dynamics in aniline derivatives using time-resolved photoelectron imaging. Faraday Discuss 2016; 194:185-208. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00092d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present results from a recent time-resolved photoelectron imaging (TRPEI) study investigating the non-adiabatic relaxation dynamics of N,N-dimethylaniline (N,N-DMA) and 3,5-dimethylaniline (3,5-DMA) following excitation at 240 nm. Analysis of the experimental data is supported by ab initio coupled-cluster calculations evaluating excited state energies and the evolution of several excited state physical properties as a function of N–H/N–CH3 bond extension – a critical reaction coordinate. The use of site-selective methylation brings considerable new insight to the existing body of literature concerning photochemical dynamics in the related system aniline at similar excitation wavelengths. The present work also builds on our own previous investigations in the same species at 250 nm. The TRPEI method provides highly differential energy- and angle-resolved data and, in particular, the temporal evolution of the photoelectron angular distributions afforded by the imaging approach offers much of the new dynamical information. In particular, we see no clear evidence of the second excited 2ππ* state non-adiabatically coupling to the lower-lying S1(ππ*) state or the mixed Rydberg/valence S2(3s/πσ*) state. This, in turn, potentially raises some unresolved questions about the overall nature of the dynamics operating in these systems, especially in regard to the 2ππ* state's ultimate fate. More generally, the findings for the aromatic systems N,N-DMA and 3,5-DMA, taken along with our recent TRPEI results for several aliphatic amine species, highlight interesting questions about the nature of electronic character evolution in mixed Rydberg-valence states as a function of certain key bond extensions and the extent of system conjugation. We begin exploring these ideas computationally for a systematically varied series of tertiary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Candelaresi
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Lisa Saalbach
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Stuart W. Crane
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | | | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
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47
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Klein LB, Thompson JOF, Crane SW, Saalbach L, Sølling TI, Paterson MJ, Townsend D. Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of electronically excited piperidine: ionization signatures of Rydberg/valence evolution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:25070-25079. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04494h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy reveals distinct ionization signatures of Rydberg-to-valence state evolution in the secondary aliphatic amine piperidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv B. Klein
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | | | - Stuart W. Crane
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Lisa Saalbach
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Theis I. Sølling
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | | | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
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48
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Thompson JOF, Klein LB, Sølling TI, Paterson MJ, Townsend D. The role of novel Rydberg-valence behaviour in the non-adiabatic dynamics of tertiary aliphatic amines. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1826-1839. [PMID: 29899904 PMCID: PMC5964937 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03616j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron imaging was used to study non-adiabatic relaxation dynamics in N,N-dimethylisopropylamine, N,N-dimethylpropylamine and N-methylpyrrolidine following excitation at 200 nm. This series of tertiary aliphatic amines are all of similar chemical makeup, but exhibit differences in their structure - being branched, straight-chain and cyclic, respectively. Our experimental investigation, supported by extensive theoretical calculations, provides considerable new insight into the nature of the internal conversion processes that mediate dynamical evolution between electronic states of predominantly Rydberg character in this important class of model photochemical systems. In particular, the angle-resolved data afforded by the imaging approach (something not previously reported for tertiary aliphatic amines) offers novel and highly-detailed mechanistic information about the overall relaxation pathway. Strikingly, both the experimental and theoretical findings suggest that a critical factor driving the non-adiabatic dynamics is the evolution of valence character along an N-C stretching coordinate within a member of the 3p manifold. This is in stark contrast to primary and secondary amines, as well as many other small hetero-atom containing organic species, where evolution of valence character within the 3s state is now a well-established phenomenon implicated in mediating ultrafast non-adiabatic photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O F Thompson
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , EH14 4AS , UK .
| | - Liv B Klein
- Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Theis I Sølling
- Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Martin J Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , EH14 4AS , UK
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , EH14 4AS , UK . .,Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , EH14 4AS , UK
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49
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Iikubo R, Fujiwara T, Sekikawa T, Harabuchi Y, Satoh S, Taketsugu T, Kayanuma Y. Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Dissociating 1,2-Butadiene Molecules by High Harmonic Pulses. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2463-2468. [PMID: 26266720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using 42 nm high harmonic pulses, the dissociation dynamics of 1,2-butadiene was investigated by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES), enabling us to observe dynamical changes of multiple molecular orbitals (MOs) with higher temporal resolution than conventional light sources. Because each lower-lying occupied MO has particular spatial electron distribution, the structural dynamics of photochemical reaction can be revealed. On the femtosecond time scale, a short-lived excited state with a lifetime of 37 ± 15 fs and the coherent oscillation of the photoelectron yield stimulated by Hertzberg-Teller coupling were observed. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations in the electronically excited state find three relaxation pathways from the vertically excited structure in S1 to the ground state, and one of them is the dominant relaxation pathway, observed as the short-lived excited state. On the picosecond time scale, the photoelectron yields related to the C-C bond decreased upon photoexcitation, indicating C-C bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Iikubo
- †Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takehisa Fujiwara
- †Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Taro Sekikawa
- †Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Sota Satoh
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kayanuma
- §Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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Thompson JOF, Saalbach L, Crane SW, Paterson MJ, Townsend D. Ultraviolet relaxation dynamics of aniline,N,N-dimethylaniline and 3,5-dimethylaniline at 250 nm. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:114309. [PMID: 25796251 DOI: 10.1063/1.4914330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron imaging was used to investigate the electronic relaxation dynamics of gas-phase aniline, N, N-dimethylaniline, and 3,5-dimethylaniline following ultraviolet excitation at 250 nm. Our analysis was supported by ab initio coupled-cluster calculations evaluating excited state energies and (in aniline) the evolution of a range of excited state physical properties as a function of N-H bond extension. Due to a lack of consistency between several earlier studies undertaken in aniline, the specific aim of this present work was to gain new insight into the previously proposed non-adiabatic coupling interaction between the two lowest lying singlet excited states S1(ππ(∗)) and S2(3s/πσ(∗)). The methyl-substituted systems N, N-dimethylaniline and 3,5-dimethylaniline were included in order to obtain more detailed dynamical information about the key internal molecular coordinates that drive the S1(ππ(∗))/S2(3s/πσ(∗)) coupling mechanism. Our findings suggest that in all three systems, both electronic states are directly populated during the initial excitation, with the S2(3s/πσ(∗)) state then potentially decaying via either direct dissociation along the N-X stretching coordinate (X = H or CH3) or internal conversion to the S1(ππ(∗)) state. In aniline and N, N-dimethylaniline, both pathways most likely compete in the depletion of S2(3s/πσ(∗)) state population. However, in 3,5-dimethylaniline, only the direct dissociation mechanism appears to be active. This is rationalized in terms of changes in the relative rates of the two decay pathways upon methylation of the aromatic ring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O. F. Thompson
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Saalbach
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart W. Crane
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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