1
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Prats H, Stamatakis M. Transition Metal Carbides as Supports for Catalytic Metal Particles: Recent Progress and Opportunities. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3450-3460. [PMID: 38512338 PMCID: PMC10983064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal carbides (TMCs) constitute excellent alternatives to traditional oxide-based supports for small metal particles, leading to strong metal-support interactions, which drastically modify the catalytic properties of the supported metal atoms. Moreover, they possess extremely high melting points and good resistance to carbon deposition and sulfur poisoning, and the catalytic activities of some TMCs per se have been shown to be similar to those of Pt-group metals for a considerable number of reactions. Therefore, the use of TMCs as supports can give rise to bifunctional catalysts with multiple active sites. However, at present, only TiC and MoxC have been tested experimentally as supports for metal particles, and it is largely unclear which combinations may best catalyze which chemical reactions. In this Perspective, we review the most significant works on the use of TMCs as supports for catalytic applications, assess the current status of the field, and identify key advances being made and challenges, with an eye to the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Prats
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Roberts Building Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Michail Stamatakis
- Department
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Lab, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.
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2
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Prats H, Stamatakis M. Stability and reactivity of metal nanoclusters supported on transition metal carbides. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3214-3224. [PMID: 37325529 PMCID: PMC10262968 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00231d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Small particles of transition metals (TM) supported on transition metal carbides (TMC) - TMn@TMC - provide a plethora of design opportunities for catalytic applications due to their highly exposed active centres, efficient atom utilisation and the physicochemical properties of the TMC support. To date, however, only a very small subset of TMn@TMC catalysts have been tested experimentally and it is unclear which combinations may best catalyse which chemical reactions. Herein, we develop a high-throughput screening approach to catalyst design for supported nanoclusters based on density functional theory, and apply it to elucidate the stability and catalytic performance of all possible combinations between 7 monometallic nanoclusters (Rh, Pd, Pt, Au, Co, Ni and Cu) and 11 stable support surfaces of TMCs with 1 : 1 stoichiometry (TiC, ZrC, HfC, VC, NbC, TaC, MoC and WC) towards CH4 and CO2 conversion technologies. We analyse the generated database to unravel trends or simple descriptors in their resistance towards metal aggregate formation and sintering, oxidation, stability in the presence of adsorbate species, and study their adsorptive and catalytic properties, to facilitate the discovery of novel materials in the future. We identify 8 TMn@TMC combinations as promising catalysts, all of them being new for experimental validation, thus expanding the chemical space for efficient conversion of CH4 and CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Prats
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London Roberts Building, Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Michail Stamatakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London Roberts Building, Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE UK
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3
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Harrath K, Yao Z, Jiang YF, Wang YG, Li J. Activity Origin of the Nickel Cluster on TiC Support for Nonoxidative Methane Conversion. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4033-4041. [PMID: 37093648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Designing an active and selective catalyst for nonoxidative conversion of methane under mild conditions is critical for natural gas utilization as a chemical feedstock. Here, we demonstrate that the origin of the selective nonoxidative conversion of methane by the titanium carbide supported nickel cluster arises from the formation of a nickel carbide site under the reaction conditions, which could stabilize the CHx intermediate to facilitate the C-C coupling, but further coking is rather limited. The reaction mechanism reveals that the C2 products can be formed via a key -CHx-CH3 intermediate. In addition, we demonstrate that boration of the nickel cluster site can improve the methane conversion toward C2 products. That higher activity and selectivity from the moderate rise in d orbital energy levels can therefore be considered as a descriptor of the catalyst effectiveness. These findings provide an understanding of the dynamic behavior of the single nickel cluster toward methane conversion to C2 products and guidance for their future rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Harrath
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ya-Fei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang-Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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Lushchikova OV, Szalay M, Höltzl T, Bakker JM. Tuning the degree of CO 2 activation by carbon doping Cu n- ( n = 3-10) clusters: an IR spectroscopic study. Faraday Discuss 2023; 242:252-268. [PMID: 36325973 PMCID: PMC9890493 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00128d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Copper clusters on carbide surfaces have shown a high catalytic activity towards methanol formation. To understand the interaction between CO2 and the catalytically active sites during this process and the role that carbon atoms could play in this, they are modeled by copper clusters, with carbon atoms incorporated. The formed clusters CunCm- (n = 3-10, m = 1-2) are reacted with CO2 and investigated by IR multiple-photon dissociation (IR-MPD) spectroscopy to probe the degree of CO2 activation. IR spectra for the reaction products [CunC·CO2]-, (n = 6-10), and [CunC2·CO2]-, (n = 3-8) are compared to reference spectra recorded for products formed when reacting the same cluster sizes with CO, and with density functional theory (DFT) calculated spectra. The results reveal a size- and carbon load-dependent activation and dissociation of CO2. The complexes [CunC·CO2]- with n = 6 and 10 show predominantly molecular activation of CO2, while those with n = 7-9 show only dissociative adsorption. The addition of the second carbon to the cluster leads to the exclusive molecular activation of the CO2 on all measured cluster sizes, except for Cu5C2- where CO2 dissociates. Combining these findings with DFT calculations leads us to speculate that at lower carbon-to-metal ratios (CMRs), the C can act as an oxygen anchor facilitating the OCO bond rupture, whereas at higher CMRs the carbon atoms increasingly attract negative charge, reducing the Cu cluster's ability to donate electron density to CO2, and consequently its ability to activate CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Lushchikova
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX LaboratoryToernooiveld 76525 ED NijmegenThe Netherlands,Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020 InnsbruckAustria
| | - Máté Szalay
- Furukawa Electric Institute of TechnologyKésmárk Utca 28/A1158 BudapestHungary
| | - Tibor Höltzl
- MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University ofTechnology and EconomicsMuegyetem rkp. 3Budapest 1111Hungary,Furukawa Electric Institute of TechnologyKésmárk Utca 28/A1158 BudapestHungary
| | - Joost M. Bakker
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX LaboratoryToernooiveld 76525 ED NijmegenThe Netherlands
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5
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Highly active K-promoted Cu/β-Mo2C catalysts for reverse water gas shift reaction: Effect of potassium. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Li Y, Fang Z, Zhou H, Li Y, Wang B, Huang S, Lin W, Chen WK, Zhang Y. Theoretical Insights into Synergistic Effects at Cu/TiC Interfaces for Promoting CO 2 Activation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27259-27270. [PMID: 34693146 PMCID: PMC8529663 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption behaviors of CO2 at the Cu n /TiC(001) interfaces (n = 1-8) have been investigated using the density functional theory method. Our results reveal that the introduction of copper clusters on a TiC surface can significantly improve the thermodynamic stability of CO2 chemisorption. However, the most stable adsorption site is sensitive to the size and morphology of Cu n particles. The interfacial configuration is the most stable structure for copper clusters with small (n ≤ 2) and large (n ≥ 8) sizes, in which both Cu particles and TiC support are involved in CO2 activation. In such a case, the synergistic behavior is associated with the ligand effect introduced by directly forming adsorption bonds with CO2. For those Cu n clusters with a medium size (n = 3-7), the configuration where CO2 adsorbs solely on the exposed hollow site constructed by Cu atoms at the interface shows the best stability, and the charger transfer becomes the primary origin of the synergistic effect in promoting CO2 activation. Since the most obvious deformation of CO2 is observed for the TiC(001)-surface-supported Cu4 and Cu7 particles, copper clusters with specific sizes of n = 4 and 7 exhibit the best ability for CO2 activation. Furthermore, the kinetic barriers for CO2 dissociation on Cu4- and Cu7-supported TiC surfaces are determined. The findings obtained in this work provide useful insights into optimizing the Cu/TiC interface with high catalytic activation of CO2 by precisely controlling the size and dispersion of copper particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College
of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Zhongpu Fang
- State
Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College
of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Hegen Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College
of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
- College
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, China
| | - Yi Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College
of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
- Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College
of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Shuping Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College
of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Wei Lin
- State
Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College
of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
- Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wen-Kai Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College
of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
- Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yongfan Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College
of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
- Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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7
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Griesser C, Li H, Wernig EM, Winkler D, Shakibi Nia N, Mairegger T, Götsch T, Schachinger T, Steiger-Thirsfeld A, Penner S, Wielend D, Egger D, Scheurer C, Reuter K, Kunze-Liebhäuser J. True Nature of the Transition-Metal Carbide/Liquid Interface Determines Its Reactivity. ACS Catal 2021; 11:4920-4928. [PMID: 33898080 PMCID: PMC8057231 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Compound materials, such as transition-metal (TM) carbides, are anticipated to be effective electrocatalysts for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) to useful chemicals. This expectation is nurtured by density functional theory (DFT) predictions of a break of key adsorption energy scaling relations that limit CO2RR at parent TMs. Here, we evaluate these prospects for hexagonal Mo2C in aqueous electrolytes in a multimethod experiment and theory approach. We find that surface oxide formation completely suppresses the CO2 activation. The oxides are stable down to potentials as low as -1.9 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode, and solely the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is found to be active. This generally points to the absolute imperative of recognizing the true interface establishing under operando conditions in computational screening of catalyst materials. When protected from ambient air and used in nonaqueous electrolyte, Mo2C indeed shows CO2RR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Griesser
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Haobo Li
- Chair
of Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Wernig
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Winkler
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Niusha Shakibi Nia
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Mairegger
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Götsch
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department
of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schachinger
- University
Service Center for Transmission Electron Microscopy, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Simon Penner
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wielend
- Linz Institute
for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)/Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - David Egger
- Chair
of Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheurer
- Chair
of Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair
of Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Kunze-Liebhäuser
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Morales‐García Á, Viñes F, Gomes JRB, Illas F. Concepts, models, and methods in computational heterogeneous catalysis illustrated through
CO
2
conversion. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Morales‐García
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Francesc Viñes
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - José R. B. Gomes
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Francesc Illas
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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9
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Rybakov AA, Todorova S, Trubnikov DN, Larin AV. Reconstruction and catalytic activity of hybrid Pd(100)/(111) monolayer on γ-Al 2O 3(100) in CH 4, H 2O, and O 2 dissociation. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8863-8876. [PMID: 34100496 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01345a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the "heterogeneity" of a Pd monolayer induced by interaction with a semi-ionic support in catalysis was evaluated. The geometry of the Pd monolayer was optimized on the (100) plane of γ-Al2O3 at fixed unit cell parameters defined by the oxide. Simulation of the deposition of a whole Pd monolayer in the flat Pd(100) form cut from the bulk led to the formation of a slightly distorted Pd(111) monolayer. The subsequent chemisorption or dissociation of CH4 or H2O on the Pd(111) layer resulted in a new hybrid Pd(100)/(111) structure containing alternating elements of (100) and (111) planes (the parallel bands of squares and triangles), which are similar for both CH4 and H2O reactions, and two isolated Pd mono-vacancies, respectively. The hybrid Pd(100)/(111) layer without chemisorbed species was found to be more stable than the initial distorted Pd(111) layer. The catalytic capabilities of these monolayer structures were investigated for the dissociation of methane and the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) due to the lower predicted activation barriers for CH4, H2O, and O2 dissociation on the hybrid Pd(100)/(111) layer compared to that on the pure (bulk) Pd(100) surface. Moreover, the exothermic heats of these reactions were calculated to be moderate instead of endothermic heats on the Pd(100) or Pd(111) surfaces. The heats of H2O and NH3 adsorption on various monolayers were tested, revealing their dependence on Pd atomic charges. The relevance of the model of the heterogeneous Pd monolayer for explaining the maximum reaction rate experimentally observed at different Pd coverages was discussed. The transferability of the geometry and the extent of charge inhomogeneity of the hybrid monolayer without vacancies were also tested on the same γ-Al2O3(100) support for Pt, Rh, and Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Rybakov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, GSP-2, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - S Todorova
- Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Bldg 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - D N Trubnikov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, GSP-2, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - A V Larin
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, GSP-2, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia.
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10
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Zou X, Li X, Gao X, Gao Z, Zuo Z, Huang W. density functional theory and kinetic Monte Carlo simulation study the strong metal–support interaction of dry reforming of methane reaction over Ni based catalysts. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Insights on alkylidene formation on Mo2C: A potential overlap between direct deoxygenation and olefin metathesis. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Hinuma Y, Mine S, Toyao T, Maeno Z, Shimizu KI. Surface activation by electron scavenger metal nanorod adsorption on TiH 2, TiC, TiN, and Ti 2O 3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16577-16593. [PMID: 34320045 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02068d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal/oxide support perimeter sites are known to provide unique properties because the nearby metal changes the local environment on the support surface. In particular, the electron scavenger effect reduces the energy necessary for surface anion desorption, and thereby contributes to activation of the (reverse) Mars-van Krevelen mechanism. This study investigated the possibility of such activation in hydrides, carbides, nitrides, and sulfides. The work functions (WFs) of known hydrides, carbides, nitrides, oxides, and sulfides with group 3, 4, or 5 cations (Sc, Y, La, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, and Ta) were calculated. The WFs of most hydrides, carbides, and nitrides are smaller than the WF of Ag, implying that the electron scavenger effect may occur when late transition metal nanoparticles are adsorbed on the surface. The WF of oxides and sulfides decreases when reduced. The surface anion vacancy formation energy correlates well with the bulk formation energy in carbides and nitrides, while almost no correlation is found in hydrides because of the small range of surface hydrogen vacancy formation energy values. The electron scavenger effect is explicitly observed in nanorods adsorbed on TiH2 and Ti2O3; the surface vacancy formation energy decreases at anion sites near the nanorod, and charge transfer to the nanorod happens when an anion is removed at such sites. Activation of hydrides, carbides, and nitrides by nanorod adsorption and screening support materials through WF calculation are expected to open up a new category of supported catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoyo Hinuma
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
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13
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De Zanet A, Kondrat SA. A Review of Preparation Strategies for α-MoC1-x Catalysts. JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1595/205651322x16383716226126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal carbides are attracting growing attention as robust and affordable alternative heterogeneous catalysts to platinum group metals, for a host of contemporary and established hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and isomerisation reactions. In particular, the metastable α-MoC1-x phase has been shown to exhibit interesting catalytic properties for low temperature processes reliant on O-H and C-H bond activation. While demonstrating exciting catalytic properties, a significant challenge exists in the application of metastable carbides, namely the challenging procedure for their preparation. In this review we will briefly discuss the properties and catalytic applications of α-MoC1-x, followed by a more detailed discussion on available synthesis methods and important parameters that influence carbide properties. Techniques are contrasted with properties of phase, surface area, morphology and Mo:C being considered. Further, we briefly relate these observations to experimental and theoretical studies of α-MoC1-x in catalytic applications. Synthetic strategies discussed are, the original temperature programmed ammonolysis followed by carburisation, alternative oxycarbide or hydrogen bronze precursor phases, heat treatment of moybdate-amide compounds and other low temperature synthetic routes. The importance of carbon removal and catalyst passivation in relation to surface and bulk properties are also discussed. Novel techniques that by-pass the apparent bottle neck of ammonolysis are reported, however a clear understanding of intermediate phases is required to be able to fully apply these techniques. Pragmatically, the scaled application of these techniques requires the pre-pyrolysis wet chemistry to be simple and scalable. Further, there is a clear opportunity to correlate observed morphologies/phases and catalytic properties with findings from computational theoretical studies. Detailed characterisation throughout the synthetic process is essential and will undoubtedly provide fundamental insights that can be used for the controllable and scalable synthesis of metastable α-MoC1-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Zanet
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Simon A. Kondrat
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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14
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Lozano-Reis P, Sayós R, Rodriguez JA, Illas F. Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Ni nanoparticles supported on the TiC(001) surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:26145-26154. [PMID: 33185221 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04884d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metals supported on transition metal carbides are known to exhibit good catalytic activity and selectivity, which is interpreted in terms of electron polarization induced by the support. In the present work we go one step further and investigate the effect that a titanium carbide (TiC) support has on the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of a series of Ni nanoparticles of increasing size exhibiting a two- or three-dimensional morphology. The obtained results show that three-dimensional nanoparticles are more stable and easier to form than their homologous two-dimensional counterparts. Also, comparison to previous results indicates that, when used as the support, transition metal carbides have a marked different chemical activity with respect to oxides. The analysis of the magnetic moments of the supported nanoparticles evidences a considerable quenching of the magnetic moment that affects mainly the Ni atoms in close contact with the TiC substrate indicating that these atoms are likely to be responsible for the catalytic activity reported for these systems. The analysis of the electronic structure reveals the existence of chemical interactions between the Ni nanoparticles and the TiC support, even if the net charge transfer between both systems is negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lozano-Reis
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C. Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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15
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Li J, Geng C, Weiske T, Zhou M, Li J, Schwarz H. Revisiting the Intriguing Electronic Features of the BeOBeC Carbyne and Some Isomers: A Quantum-Chemical Assessment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17261-17265. [PMID: 32568419 PMCID: PMC7540417 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Extensive high-level quantum-chemical calculations reveal that the rod-shaped molecule BeOBeC, which was recently generated in matrix experiments, exists in two nearly isoenergetic states, the 5 Σ quintet (5 6) and the 3 Σ triplet (3 6). Their IR features are hardly distinguishable at finite temperature. The major difference concerns the mode of spin coupling between the terminal beryllium and carbon atoms. Further, the ground-state potential-energy surface of the [2Be,C,O] system at 4 K is presented and differences between the photochemical and thermal behaviors are highlighted. Finally, a previously not considered, so far unknown C2v -symmetric rhombus-like four-membered ring 3 [Be(O)(C)Be] (3 5) is predicted to represent the global minimum on the potential-energy surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Li
- Institute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University130023ChangchunChina
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin10623BerlinGermany
| | - Caiyun Geng
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin10623BerlinGermany
| | - Thomas Weiske
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin10623BerlinGermany
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan University200433ShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationTsinghua University100084BeijingChina
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology518055ShenzhenChina
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin10623BerlinGermany
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16
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Li J, Geng C, Weiske T, Zhou M, Li J, Schwarz H. Revisiting the Intriguing Electronic Features of the BeOBeC Carbyne and Some Isomers: A Quantum‐Chemical Assessment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Jilin University 130023 Changchun China
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Caiyun Geng
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Weiske
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University 200433 Shanghai China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing China
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin 10623 Berlin Germany
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17
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Transition Metal Carbides (TMCs) Catalysts for Gas Phase CO2 Upgrading Reactions: A Comprehensive Overview. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10090955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing demand for CO2 utilization reactions and the stable character of CO2 have motivated interest in developing highly active, selective and stable catalysts. Precious metal catalysts have been studied extensively due to their high activities, but their implementation for industrial applications is hindered due to their elevated cost. Among the materials which have comparatively low prices, transition metal carbides (TMCs) are deemed to display catalytic properties similar to Pt-group metals (Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt) in several reactions such as hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes. In addition, they are excellent substrates to disperse metallic particles. Hence, the unique properties of TMCs make them ideal substitutes for precious metals resulting in promising catalysts for CO2 utilization reactions. This work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances on TMCs catalysts towards gas phase CO2 utilization processes, such as CO2 methanation, reverse water gas shift (rWGS) and dry reforming of methane (DRM). We have carefully analyzed synthesis procedures, performances and limitations of different TMCs catalysts. Insights on material characteristics such as crystal structure and surface chemistry and their connection with the catalytic activity are also critically reviewed.
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18
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Zou XY, Mi L, Zuo ZJ, Gao ZH, Huang W. DFT study the water-gas shift reaction over Cu/α-MoC surface. J Mol Model 2020; 26:237. [PMID: 32812072 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cu-based catalysts have been widely used for water-gas shift reaction (WGS, CO + H2O → CO2 + H2), and α-MoC support also shows the good performance for the reaction. Therefore, WGS reaction is systematically studied over Cu/α-MoC by using density functional theory (DFT). DFT result shows the strong metal-support interaction between Cu and α-MoC(111) support. As a result, an extensive tensile strain is introduced in the Cu lattice due to α-MoC support, and Cu 3d band center shifts to Fermi level. However, the strong metal-support interaction does not lead to significant polarization of the Cu/α-MoC surface due to the less charge transfer from Mo to Cu. For the WGS reaction, small Cu particles on α-MoC(111) are likely to facilitate the reaction. At the interface of Cu-α-MoC(111), oxygen stabilizes the dissociated *H, which is benefit of H2O scission. Then, the activity increases compared with Cu(111) surface. In general, small Cu particles on α-MoC support also have good activity for WGS reaction compared with Au deposition on α-MoC. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Le Mi
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhi-Hua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China.
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19
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Zhu H, Li G, Gong Y, Li X, Ding X, Lu X, Zhao L, Chi Y, Guo W. Theoretical Investigation on Denitrification Mechanism of Piperidine: Effects of Methylation Versus Protonation on C–N Bond Activation. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-02960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Rodriguez JA. Activation of Gold on Metal Carbides: Novel Catalysts for C1 Chemistry. Front Chem 2020; 7:875. [PMID: 31970150 PMCID: PMC6960188 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents a review of recent uses of Au-carbide interfaces as catalysts for C1 Chemistry (CO oxidation, low-temperature water-gas shift, and CO2 hydrogenation). The results of density-functional calculations and photoemission point to important electronic perturbations when small two-dimensional clusters of gold are bounded to the (001) surface of various transition metal carbides (TiC, ZrC, VC, Ta C, and δ-MoC). On these surfaces, the C sites exhibited strong interactions with the gold clusters. On the carbide surfaces, the Au interacts stronger than on oxides opening the door for strong metal-support interactions. So far, most of the experimental studies with well-defined systems have been focused on the Au/TiC, Au/δ-MoC, and Au/β-Mo2C interfaces. Au/TiC and Au/δ-MoC are active and stable catalysts for the low-temperature water-gas shift reaction and for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol or CO. Variations in the behavior of the Au/δ-MoC and Au/β-Mo2C systems clearly show the strong effect of the metal/carbon ratio on the performance of the carbide catalysts. This parameter substantially impacts the chemical behavior of the carbide and its interaction with supported metals, up to the point of modifying the reaction rate and mechanism of C1 processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Rodriguez
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Upton, NY, United States
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21
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Fang Z, Wang LC, Wang Y, Sikorski E, Tan S, Li-Oakey KD, Li L, Yablonsky G, Dixon DA, Fushimi R. Pt-Assisted Carbon Remediation of Mo 2C Materials for CO Disproportionation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongtang Fang
- Biological and Chemical Science and Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
| | - Lu-Cun Wang
- Biological and Chemical Science and Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Biological and Chemical Science and Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
| | - Ember Sikorski
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
| | - Shuai Tan
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Katie Dongmei Li-Oakey
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Lan Li
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
| | - Gregory Yablonsky
- Department of Energy, Environment and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Rebecca Fushimi
- Biological and Chemical Science and Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
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22
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Liu M, He J, Wu P, Lu L, Wang C, Chen L, Hua M, Zhu W, Li H. Carbon nitride mediated strong metal–support interactions in a Au/TiO2 catalyst for aerobic oxidative desulfurization. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supported Au nanocatalysts have been regarded as efficient catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Energy Research Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Energy Research Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Peiwen Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Energy Research Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Linjie Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Energy Research Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- P.R. China
| | - Linlin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Energy Research Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Mingqing Hua
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Energy Research Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Wenshuai Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Energy Research Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Huaming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Energy Research Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
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23
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Ishida T, Murayama T, Taketoshi A, Haruta M. Importance of Size and Contact Structure of Gold Nanoparticles for the Genesis of Unique Catalytic Processes. Chem Rev 2019; 120:464-525. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamao Ishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- Research Center for Gold Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Toru Murayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- Research Center for Gold Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Ayako Taketoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- Research Center for Gold Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masatake Haruta
- Research Center for Gold Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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24
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Fu Z, Lu Z, Yang Z. An electronic perturbation in TiC supported platinum monolayer catalyst for enhancing water-gas shift performance: DFT study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:305201. [PMID: 30991374 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab1a13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The water-gas shift (WGS) reaction behaviors over the TiC(0 0 1) supported Pt monolayer catalyst (PtML/TiC(0 0 1)) are investigated by using the spin-unrestricted density functional theory calculations. Importantly, we find that the PtML/TiC(0 0 1) system exhibits a much lower density of Pt-5d states nearby the Fermi level compared with that for Pt(1 1 1), and the monolayer Pt atoms undergo an electronic perturbation when in contact with TiC(0 0 1) support that would strongly improve the WGS activity of supported Pt atoms. Our calculations clearly indicate that the dominant reaction path follows a carboxyl mechanism involving a key COOH intermediate, rather than the common redox mechanism. Furthermore, through the detailed comparisons, the results demonstrate that the strong interactions between the monolayer Pt atoms and TiC(0 0 1) support make PtML/TiC(0 0 1) a highly active catalyst for the low-temperature WGS reaction. Following the route presented by Bruix et al (2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 8968-74), the positive effect derived from strong metal-support interaction in the metal/carbide system is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China
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25
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Prats H, Gutiérrez RA, Piñero JJ, Viñes F, Bromley ST, Ramírez PJ, Rodriguez JA, Illas F. Room Temperature Methane Capture and Activation by Ni Clusters Supported on TiC(001): Effects of Metal–Carbide Interactions on the Cleavage of the C–H Bond. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5303-5313. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hèctor Prats
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Quı́mica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), de la Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón A. Gutiérrez
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Juan José Piñero
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Quı́mica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), de la Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Viñes
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Quı́mica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), de la Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan T. Bromley
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Quı́mica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), de la Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - José A. Rodriguez
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Francesc Illas
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Quı́mica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), de la Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Nie X, Li W, Jiang X, Guo X, Song C. Recent advances in catalytic CO2 hydrogenation to alcohols and hydrocarbons. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acat.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Geng C, Weiske T, Li J, Shaik S, Schwarz H. Intrinsic Reactivity of Diatomic 3d Transition-Metal Carbides in the Thermal Activation of Methane: Striking Electronic Structure Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:599-610. [PMID: 30520302 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic aspects of the C-H bond activation of methane by metal-carbide cations MC+ of the 3d transition-metals Sc-Zn were elucidated by NEVPT2//CASSCF quantum-chemical calculations and verified experimentally for M = Ti, V, Fe, and Cu by using Fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. While MC+ species with M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, and Zn activate CH4 at ambient temperature, this is prevented with carbide cations of M = Mn, Fe, and Co by high apparent barriers; NiC+ has a small apparent barrier. Hydrogen-atom transfers from methane to metal-carbide cations were found to proceed via a proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism for M = Sc-Co; wherein the doubly occupied πxz/yz-orbitals between metal and carbon at the carbon site serve as electron donors and the corresponding metal-centered vacant π*xz/yz-orbitals as electron acceptors. Classical hydrogen-atom transfer transpires only in the case of NiC+, while ZnC+ follows a mechanistic scenario, in which a formally hydridic hydrogen is transferred. CuC+ reacts by a synchronous activation of two C-H bonds. While spin density is often so crucial for the reactions of numerous MO+/CH4 couples, it is much less important for the C-H bond activation by carbide cations of the 3d transition-metals, in which one notes large changes in bond dissociation energies, spin states, number of d-electrons, and charge distributions. All these factors jointly affect both the reactivity of the metal carbides and their mechanisms of C-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Geng
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Thomas Weiske
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Jilai Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130023 , People's Republic of China.,Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , 9190401 Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
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28
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Yu F, Xie Y, Wang L, Yang N, Meng X, Wang X, Tian XL, Yang X. Platinum supported on multifunctional titanium cobalt oxide nanosheets assembles for efficient oxygen reduction reaction. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Highly active Pt/MoC and Pt/TiC catalysts for the low-temperature water-gas shift reaction: Effects of the carbide metal/carbon ratio on the catalyst performance. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Posada-Pérez S, Gutiérrez RA, Zuo Z, Ramírez PJ, Viñes F, Liu P, Illas F, Rodriguez JA. Highly active Au/δ-MoC and Au/β-Mo2C catalysts for the low-temperature water gas shift reaction: effects of the carbide metal/carbon ratio on the catalyst performance. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00639j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water gas shift reaction catalyzed by Mo carbides surfaces and on Au supported thereon is studied by experiments and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Posada-Pérez
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Ramón A. Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Central de Venezuela
- Caracas 1020-A
- Venezuela
| | - Zhijun Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Pedro J. Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Central de Venezuela
- Caracas 1020-A
- Venezuela
| | - Francesc Viñes
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Ping Liu
- Chemistry Department
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- NY 11973
- USA
| | - Francesc Illas
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
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31
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Li G, Zhao L, Zhu H, Liu X, Ma H, Yu Y, Guo W. Insight into thiophene hydrodesulfurization on clean and S-modified MoP(010): a periodic density functional theory study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01859b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Surface S shows a promotion effect on the HDS catalytic activity of MoP(010) by lowering the C–S bond scission energy barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixia Li
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao 266580
- P. R. China
- College of Science and Information
| | - Lianming Zhao
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao 266580
- P. R. China
| | - Houyu Zhu
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao 266580
- P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao 266580
- P. R. China
| | - Huifang Ma
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao 266580
- P. R. China
| | - Yanchen Yu
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao 266580
- P. R. China
| | - Wenyue Guo
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao 266580
- P. R. China
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32
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Tian X, Wang T, Jiao H. Oxidation of the hexagonal Mo2C(101) surface by H2O dissociative adsorption. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00728k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of the hexagonal Mo2C(101) surface by H2O dissociative adsorption was investigated using periodic density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Tao Wang
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Ens de Lyon
- Univ Lyon
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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33
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Posada-Pérez S, Ramírez PJ, Evans J, Viñes F, Liu P, Illas F, Rodriguez JA. Highly Active Au/δ-MoC and Cu/δ-MoC Catalysts for the Conversion of CO2: The Metal/C Ratio as a Key Factor Defining Activity, Selectivity, and Stability. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8269-78. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Posada-Pérez
- Departament
de Química Física and Institut de Química Teòrica
i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí
i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Ramírez
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Jaime Evans
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Francesc Viñes
- Departament
de Química Física and Institut de Química Teòrica
i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí
i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ping Liu
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Francesc Illas
- Departament
de Química Física and Institut de Química Teòrica
i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí
i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A. Rodriguez
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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34
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Posada-Pérez S, Ramírez PJ, Gutiérrez RA, Stacchiola DJ, Viñes F, Liu P, Illas F, Rodriguez JA. The conversion of CO2 to methanol on orthorhombic β-Mo2C and Cu/β-Mo2C catalysts: mechanism for admetal induced change in the selectivity and activity. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy02143j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cu clusters supported on β-Mo2C improve the selectivity towards methanol decreasing the amount of methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Posada-Pérez
- Departament de Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Pedro J. Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Central de Venezuela
- Caracas 1020-A
- Venezuela
| | - Ramón A. Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Central de Venezuela
- Caracas 1020-A
- Venezuela
| | | | - Francesc Viñes
- Departament de Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Ping Liu
- Chemistry Department
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton
- USA
| | - Francesc Illas
- Departament de Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
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35
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Chu X, Fu Z, Li S, Zhang X, Yang Z. Effects of a TiC substrate on the catalytic activity of Pt for NO reduction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:13304-9. [PMID: 27117987 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00194g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic properties of a Pt monolayer supported on a TiC(001) substrate (Pt/TiC) toward NO reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Chu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
- China
| | - Zhaoming Fu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
- China
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
- China
| | - Zongxian Yang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications
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36
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Rodriguez JA, Liu P, Stacchiola DJ, Senanayake SD, White MG, Chen JG. Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol: Importance of Metal–Oxide and Metal–Carbide Interfaces in the Activation of CO2. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José A. Rodriguez
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ping Liu
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Dario J. Stacchiola
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Sanjaya D. Senanayake
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Michael G. White
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jingguang G. Chen
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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37
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Sabnis KD, Akatay MC, Cui Y, Sollberger FG, Stach EA, Miller JT, Delgass WN, Ribeiro FH. Probing the active sites for water–gas shift over Pt/molybdenum carbide using multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Di Valentin C, Fittipaldi D, Pacchioni G. Methanol Oxidation Reaction on α-Tungsten Carbide Versus Platinum (1 1 1) Surfaces: A DFT Electrochemical Study. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali; Università di Milano Bicocca; via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Diego Fittipaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali; Università di Milano Bicocca; via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali; Università di Milano Bicocca; via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
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39
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Posada-Pérez S, Viñes F, Rodríguez JA, Illas F. Structure and electronic properties of Cu nanoclusters supported on Mo2C(001) and MoC(001) surfaces. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:114704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4930538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Posada-Pérez
- Departament de Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Viñes
- Departament de Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A. Rodríguez
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg. 555, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Francesc Illas
- Departament de Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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40
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The Carburization of Transition Metal Molybdates (MxMoO4, M = Cu, Ni or Co) and the Generation of Highly Active Metal/Carbide Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation. Catal Letters 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-015-1540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Mudiyanselage K, Senanayake SD, Ramirez PJ, Kundu S, Baber A, Yang F, Agnoli S, Axnanda S, Liu Z, Hrbek J, Evans J, Rodriguez JA, Stacchiola D. Intermediates Arising from the Water–Gas Shift Reaction over Cu Surfaces: From UHV to Near Atmospheric Pressures. Top Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-015-0368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Shojaei F, Mousavi M, Nazari F, Illas F. Reactivity of the free and (5,5)-carbon nanotube-supported AuPt bimetallic clusters towards O2 activation: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:3659-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05109b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations were carried out to predict the geometry, energy and electronic structures of the small bimetallic AumPtn (2 ≤ m + n ≤ 4) clusters deposited on a single-wall (5,5)-carbon nanotube (CNT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazel Shojaei
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences
- Zanjan 45137-66731
- Iran
| | - Masoumeh Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences
- Zanjan 45137-66731
- Iran
| | - Fariba Nazari
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences
- Zanjan 45137-66731
- Iran
- Center of Climate Change and Global Warming
| | - Francesc Illas
- Departament de Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
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43
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44
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Rodriguez JA, Ramírez PJ, Asara GG, Viñes F, Evans J, Liu P, Ricart JM, Illas F. Charge Polarization at a Au-TiC Interface and the Generation of Highly Active and Selective Catalysts for the Low-Temperature Water-Gas Shift Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11270-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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45
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Rodriguez JA, Ramírez PJ, Asara GG, Viñes F, Evans J, Liu P, Ricart JM, Illas F. Charge Polarization at a Au-TiC Interface and the Generation of Highly Active and Selective Catalysts for the Low-Temperature Water-Gas Shift Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Rodriguez JA, Senanayake SD, Stacchiola D, Liu P, Hrbek J. The activation of gold and the water-gas shift reaction: insights from studies with model catalysts. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:773-82. [PMID: 24191672 DOI: 10.1021/ar400182c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The activation of gold in catalytic reactions has been the subject of intensive research that has led to the transformation of one of the least chemically reactive elements to a catalyst with excellent activity and selectivity. Scientists have performed numerous systematic experimental and theoretical studies using model systems, which have explained the role of Au in chemical reactions with progressively increasing degrees of structural and chemical complexity. We present an overview of recent studies of model Au(111), CeOx/Au(111), and Au/CeOx/TiO2(110) surfaces that use Au in different structural configurations specifically for the water-gas shift reaction (WGS, CO + H2O → CO2 + H2), an important industrial process for the purification of CO. We demonstrate the significance of key structural components of the Au-based supported catalysts such as the metal-oxide interface (Au-Ox) toward the WGS catalytic activity, a "structure-activity" relationship. In the WGS reaction, Au(111) or Au nanoparticles have poor catalytic performance due to their inability to activate one of the most important steps of the reaction, the breaking of O-H bonds in the dissociation of water (H2O → OH + H). The relatively large energetic barrier can be overcome by using O on Au(111) to facilitate the formation of OH at low temperatures, with eventual CO2 and H2 production upon reaction between CO and the adsorbed OH. However, the inability to replace the reacted O prevents a sustainable catalytic process from occurring on Au(111). The addition of a small concentration of CeOx nanoparticles on top of the Au(111) surface facilitates this rate-determining step and easily continues the catalytic cycle in the production of H2. We have discovered that CeOx nanoparticles in contact with Au(111) are rich in Ce(3+). They also have a distinct metal-oxide interface, which sustains excellent activity for the WGS reaction via the formation of a unique carboxylate intermediate, making CeOx/Au(111) more active than Cu/ZnO(0001̅), Cu(100), and Cu(111) which are the typical catalysts for this reaction. Taking this knowledge one step further, bringing these components (oxide and metal nanoparticles) together over a second oxide in Au/CeOx/TiO2 produces a system with unique morphological and electronic properties. The result is a superior catalyst for the WGS reaction, both as a model system (Au/CeOx/TiO2(110)) and as powder material (Au/CeOx/TiO2(anatase)) optimized directly in a series of systematic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Sanjaya D. Senanayake
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Dario Stacchiola
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jan Hrbek
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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47
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Ono LK, Behafarid F, Cuenya BR. Nano-gold diggers: Au-assisted SiO(2)-decomposition and desorption in supported nanocatalysts. ACS NANO 2013; 7:10327-34. [PMID: 24215320 DOI: 10.1021/nn404744b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An investigation of the thermal stability of size-selected Au nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized via inverse micelle encapsulation and deposited on SiO2(4 nm)/Si(100) is presented. The size and mobility of individual Au NPs after annealing at elevated temperatures in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) was monitored via atomic force microscopy (AFM). An enhanced thermal stability against coarsening and lack of NP mobility was observed up to 1343 K. In addition, a drastic decrease in the average NP height was detected with increasing annealing temperature, which was not accompanied by the sublimation of Au atoms/clusters in UHV. The apparent decrease in the Au NP height observed is assigned to their ability to dig vertical channels in the underlying SiO2 support. More specifically, a progressive reduction in the thickness of the SiO2 support underneath and in the immediate vicinity of the NPs was evidenced, leading to NPs partially sinking into the SiO2 substrate. The complete removal of silicon oxide in small patches was observed to take place around the Au NPs after annealing at 1343 K in UHV. These results reveal a Au-assisted oxygen desorption from the support via reverse oxygen spillover to the NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis K Ono
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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48
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Rodriguez JA, Evans J, Feria L, Vidal AB, Liu P, Nakamura K, Illas F. CO2 hydrogenation on Au/TiC, Cu/TiC, and Ni/TiC catalysts: Production of CO, methanol, and methane. J Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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Wang G, Schaidle JA, Katz MB, Li Y, Pan X, Thompson LT. Alumina supported Pt–Mo2C catalysts for the water–gas shift reaction. J Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Kiran V, Srinivasu K, Sampath S. Morphology dependent oxygen reduction activity of titanium carbide: bulk vs. nanowires. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:8744-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50731a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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