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Perrella F, Li X, Petrone A, Rega N. Nature of the Ultrafast Interligands Electron Transfers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. JACS AU 2023; 3:70-79. [PMID: 36711100 PMCID: PMC9875239 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Charge-transfer dynamics and interligand electron transfer (ILET) phenomena play a pivotal role in dye-sensitizers, mostly represented by the Ru-based polypyridyl complexes, for TiO2 and ZnO-based solar cells. Starting from metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited states, charge dynamics and ILET can influence the overall device efficiency. In this letter, we focus on N34- dye ( [Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2]4-, dcbpy = 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine) to provide a first direct observation with high time resolution (<20 fs) of the ultrafast electron exchange between bpy-like ligands. ILET is observed in water solution after photoexcitation in the ∼400 nm MLCT band, and assessment of its ultrafast time-scale is here given through a real-time electronic dynamics simulation on the basis of state-of-the-art electronic structure methods. Indirect effects of water at finite temperature are also disentangled by investigating the system in a symmetric gas-phase structure. As main result, remarkably, the ILET mechanism appears to be based upon a purely electronic evolution among the dense, experimentally accessible, MLCT excited states manifold at ∼400 nm, which rules out nuclear-electronic couplings and proves further the importance of the dense electronic manifold in improving the efficiency of dye sensitizers in solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Perrella
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo ed.
6, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nadia Rega
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo ed.
6, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- CRIB,
Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sui Biomateriali, Piazzale Tecchio 80, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
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2
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Perrella F, Petrone A, Rega N. Direct observation of the solvent organization and nuclear vibrations of [Ru(dcbpy) 2(NCS) 2] 4-, [dcbpy = (4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine)], via ab initio molecular dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22885-22896. [PMID: 34668499 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03151a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental effects can drastically influence the optical properties and photoreactivity of molecules, particularly in the presence of polar and/or protic solvents. In this work we investigate a negatively charged Ru(II) complex, [Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2]4- [dcbpy = (4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine)], in water solution, since this system belongs to a broader class of transition-metal compounds undergoing upon photo-excitation rapid and complex charge transfer (CT) dynamics, which can be dictated by structural rearrangement and solvent environment. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) relying on a hybrid quantum/molecular mechanics scheme is used to probe the equilibrium microsolvation around the metal complex in terms of radial distribution functions of the main solvation sites and solvent effects on the overall equilibrium structure. Then, using our AIMD-based generalized normal mode approach, we investigate how the ligand vibrational spectroscopic features are affected by water solvation, also contributing to the interpretation of experimental Infra-Red spectra. Two solvation sites are found for the ligands: the sulfur and the oxygen sites can interact on average with ∼4 and ∼3 water molecules, respectively, where a stronger interaction of the oxygen sites is highlighted. On average an overall dynamic distortion of the C2 symmetric gas-phase structure was found to be induced by water solvation. Vibrational analysis reproduced experimental values for ligand symmetric and asymmetric stretchings, linking the observed shifts with respect to the gas-phase to a complex solvent distribution around the system. This is the groundwork for future excited-state nuclear and electronic dynamics to monitor non-equilibrium processes of CT excitation in complex environments, such as exciton migration in photovoltaic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Perrella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, via Cintia 21, I-80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, via Cintia 21, I-80126, Napoli, Italy. .,Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nadia Rega
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, via Cintia 21, I-80126, Napoli, Italy. .,Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138, Napoli, Italy.,CRIB, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sui Biomateriali, Piazzale Tecchio 80, I-80125, Napoli, Italy
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3
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Synthesis and structure of mono and bis {1,3-bis(2- pyridylimino)isoindoline} supported 3d transition metal complexes. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Ye J, Cammarota RC, Xie J, Vollmer MV, Truhlar DG, Cramer CJ, Lu CC, Gagliardi L. Rationalizing the Reactivity of Bimetallic Molecular Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ryan C. Cammarota
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Matthew V. Vollmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Connie C. Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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5
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Ono T, Qu S, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Johnson MA, Marell DJ, Benet-Buchholz J, Cramer CJ, Llobet A. Hydrogenative Carbon Dioxide Reduction Catalyzed by Mononuclear Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complexes: Discerning between Electronic and Steric Effects. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ono
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans
16, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
| | - Shuanglin Qu
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans
16, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
| | - Michelle A. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Daniel J. Marell
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans
16, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans
16, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Barcelona E-08193, Spain
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6
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Li J, Liu S, Lu X. Theoretical Study of the Mechanism for Direct Addition of Hydride to CO2on Ruthenium Complexes: Nature of Ru–H Bond and Effect of Hydrogen Bonding. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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7
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Aoki W, Wattanavinin N, Kusumoto S, Nozaki K. Development of Highly Active Ir–PNP Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide with Organic Bases. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Aoki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Natdanai Wattanavinin
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shuhei Kusumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
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8
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Sander AC, Maji S, Francàs L, Böhnisch T, Dechert S, Llobet A, Meyer F. Highly efficient binuclear ruthenium catalyst for water oxidation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:1697-1702. [PMID: 25727691 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201403344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Water splitting is one of the key steps in the conversion of sunlight into a usable renewable energy carrier such as dihydrogen or more complex chemical fuels. Developing rugged and highly efficient catalysts for the oxidative part of water splitting, the water oxidation reaction generating dioxygen, is a major challenge in the field. Herein, we introduce a new, and rationally designed, pyrazolate-based diruthenium complex with the highest activity in water oxidation catalysis for binuclear systems reported to date. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction showed favorable preorganization of the metal ions, well suited for binding two water molecules at a distance adequate for OO bond formation; redox titrations as well as spectroelectrochemistry allowed characterization of the system in several oxidation states. Low oxidation potentials reflect the trianionic character of the elaborate compartmental pyrazolate ligand furnished with peripheral carboxylate groups. Water oxidation has been mediated both by a chemical oxidant (Ce(IV) )-by means of manometry and a Clark electrode for monitoring the dioxygen production-and electrochemically with impressive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett C Sander
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Germany) www.meyer.chemie.uni-goettingen.de
| | - Somnath Maji
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain)
| | - Laia Francàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain)
| | - Torben Böhnisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Germany) www.meyer.chemie.uni-goettingen.de
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Germany) www.meyer.chemie.uni-goettingen.de
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain).
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Germany) www.meyer.chemie.uni-goettingen.de.
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9
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Müller AL, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. Bis(pyridylimino)isoindolato (BPI) Osmium Complexes: Structural Chemistry and Reactivity. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid L. Müller
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Haghighi FH, Hadadzadeh H, Farrokhpour H, Serri N, Abdi K, Amiri Rudbari H. Computational and experimental study on the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO by a new mononuclear ruthenium(ii) complex. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:11317-32. [PMID: 24922542 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00932k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new mononuclear ruthenium(ii) complex, trans-[Ru(dmb)2(Cl)(EtOH)](PF6) (dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine), has been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic techniques and single crystal X-ray structure determination. The complex was studied as a precatalyst for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO in an acetonitrile solution by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The catalytic mechanism was investigated by means of quantum chemical calculations to gain deeper insight into the process of CO2 reduction. The results suggest that the reaction proceeds in six steps initiating by the two sequential 1ē reductions at the dmb ligands followed by CO2 addition to give a metallocarboxylate intermediate. This intermediate undergoes further reduction and loses a CO molecule. The results reported in this paper are of great significance in providing theoretical insight into a class of electrocatalysts for reduction of CO2 to CO.
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11
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Kozachuk O, Luz I, Llabrés i Xamena FX, Noei H, Kauer M, Albada HB, Bloch ED, Marler B, Wang Y, Muhler M, Fischer RA. Multifunctional, Defect-Engineered Metal-Organic Frameworks with Ruthenium Centers: Sorption and Catalytic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7058-62. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Kozachuk O, Luz I, Llabrés i Xamena FX, Noei H, Kauer M, Albada HB, Bloch ED, Marler B, Wang Y, Muhler M, Fischer RA. Multifunktionale, Defekt-manipulierte Metall-organische Gerüste mit Rutheniumzentren: Sorption und katalytische Eigenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201311128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Sattler W, Parkin G. Reduction of bicarbonate and carbonate to formate in molecular zinc complexes. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy01065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Jeon JH, Mareeswaran PM, Choi CH, Woo SI. Synergism between CdTe semiconductor and pyridine – photoenhanced electrocatalysis for CO2reduction to formic acid. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44410d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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McSkimming A, Colbran SB. The coordination chemistry of organo-hydride donors: new prospects for efficient multi-electron reduction. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5439-88. [PMID: 23507957 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35466k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In biological reduction processes the dihydronicotinamides NAD(P)H often transfer hydride to an unsaturated substrate bound within an enzyme active site. In many cases, metal ions in the active site bind, polarize and thereby activate the substrate to direct attack by hydride from NAD(P)H cofactor. This review looks more widely at the metal coordination chemistry of organic donors of hydride ion--organo-hydrides--such as dihydronicotinamides, other dihydropyridines including Hantzsch's ester and dihydroacridine derivatives, those derived from five-membered heterocycles including the benzimidazolines and benzoxazolines, and all-aliphatic hydride donors such as hexadiene and hexadienyl anion derivatives. The hydride donor properties--hydricities--of organo-hydrides and how these are affected by metal ions are discussed. The coordination chemistry of organo-hydrides is critically surveyed and the use of metal-organo-hydride systems in electrochemically-, photochemically- and chemically-driven reductions of unsaturated organic and inorganic (e.g. carbon dioxide) substrates is highlighted. The sustainable electrocatalytic, photochemical or chemical regeneration of organo-hydrides such as NAD(P)H, including for driving enzyme-catalysed reactions, is summarised and opportunities for development are indicated. Finally, new prospects are identified for metal-organo-hydride systems as catalysts for organic transformations involving 'hydride-borrowing' and for sustainable multi-electron reductions of unsaturated organic and inorganic substrates directly driven by electricity or light or by renewable reductants such as formate/formic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex McSkimming
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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16
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Ono T, Planas N, Miró P, Ertem MZ, Escudero-Adán EC, Benet-Buchholz J, Gagliardi L, Cramer CJ, Llobet A. Carbon Dioxide Reduction Catalyzed by Dinuclear Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complexes. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Cheng D, Negreiros FR, Aprà E, Fortunelli A. Computational approaches to the chemical conversion of carbon dioxide. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:944-965. [PMID: 23716438 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of CO₂ into fuels and chemicals is viewed as an attractive route for controlling the atmospheric concentration and recycling of this greenhouse gas, but its industrial application is limited by the low selectivity and activity of the current catalysts. Theoretical modeling, in particular density functional theory (DFT) simulations, provides a powerful and effective tool to discover chemical reaction mechanisms and design new catalysts for the chemical conversion of CO₂, overcoming the repetitious and time/labor consuming trial-and-error experimental processes. In this article we give a comprehensive survey of recent advances on mechanism determination by DFT calculations for the catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ into CO, CH₄, CH₃OH, and HCOOH, and CO₂ methanation, as well as the photo- and electrochemical reduction of CO₂. DFT-guided design procedures of new catalytic systems are also reviewed, and challenges and perspectives in this field are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojian Cheng
- Division of Molecular and Materials Simulation, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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18
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Vaquer L, Poater A, De Tovar J, García-Antón J, Solà M, Llobet A, Sala X. Ruthenium complexes with chiral bis-pinene ligands: an array of subtle structural diversity. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:4985-92. [PMID: 23618101 DOI: 10.1021/ic302678b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new chiral derivative of the N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylamine (bpea) ligand, Me-pinene[5,6]bpea [(-)-L1], has been prepared from a new aldehyde building block [Me-pinene-aldehyde, (-)-4] arising from the monoterpene chiral pool. The tridentate (-)-L1 ligand has been employed to prepare a new set of Ru-Cl complexes in combination with didentate 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) with the general formula [RuCl((-)-L1)(bpy)](+). These complexes have been characterized in solution by cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Isomeric mixtures of trans,fac-C1a and anti,mer-C1c compounds are formed when (-)-L1 is reacted with a [Ru(bpy)(MeOH)Cl3] precursor. Density functional theory calculations of all of the potential isomers of this reaction have been performed in order to interpret the experimental results in terms of electronic and steric effects and also to unravel the observed isomerization pathway between anti,mer-C1c and trans,fac-C1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Vaquer
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avenida Països Catalans 16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
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19
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Di Giovanni C, Vaquer L, Sala X, Benet-Buchholz J, Llobet A. New dinuclear ruthenium complexes: structure and oxidative catalysis. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:4335-45. [PMID: 23527765 DOI: 10.1021/ic302481s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new dinuclear complexes of the general formula {[Ru(II)(trpy)]2(μ-pdz-dc)(μ-(L)}(+) [pdz-dc is the pyridazine-3,6-dicarboxylate dianion; trpy is 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine; L = Cl (1(+)) or OH (2(+))] is described. These complexes are characterized by the usual analytical and spectroscopic techniques and by X-ray diffraction analysis. Their redox properties are characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Complex 2(+) is used as the starting material to prepare the corresponding Ru-aqua complex {[Ru(II)(trpy)(H2O)]2(μ-pdz-dc)}(2+) (3(2+)), whose electrochemistry is also investigated by means of CV and DPV. Complex 3(2+) is able to catalytically and electrocatalytically oxidize water to dioxygen with moderate efficiencies. In sharp contrast, 3(2+) is a superb catalyst for the epoxidation of alkenes. For the particular case of cis-β-methylstyrene, the catalyst is capable of carrying out 1320 turnovers with a turnover frequency of 11.0 cycles min(-1), generating cis-β-methylstyrene oxide stereospecifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Di Giovanni
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
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