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Sharma MK, Rottschäfer D, Glodde T, Neumann B, Stammler H, Ghadwal RS. Ein offenschaliges Singulett‐Sn
I
‐Diradikal und H
2
‐Spaltung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K. Sharma
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Timo Glodde
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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2
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Sharma MK, Rottschäfer D, Glodde T, Neumann B, Stammler H, Ghadwal RS. An Open-Shell Singlet Sn I Diradical and H 2 Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6414-6418. [PMID: 33460280 PMCID: PMC7986611 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The first SnI diradical [(ADCPh )Sn]2 (4) based on an anionic dicarbene (ADCPh ={CN(Dipp)}2 CPh; Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) scaffold has been isolated as a green crystalline solid by KC8 reduction of the corresponding bis-chlorostannylene [(ADCPh )SnCl]2 (3). The six-membered C4 Sn2 -ring of 4 containing six π-electrons shows a diatropic ring current, thus 4 may also be regarded as the first 1,4-distannabenzene derivative. DFT calculations suggest an open-shell singlet (OS) ground state of 4 with a remarkably small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEOS-T =4.4 kcal mol-1 ), which is consistent with CASSCF (ΔES-T =6.6 kcal mol-1 and diradical character y=37 %) calculations. The diradical 4 splits H2 at room temperature to yield the bis-hydridostannylene [(ADCPh )SnH]2 (5). Further reactivity of 4 has been studied with PhSeSePh and MeOTf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K. Sharma
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Timo Glodde
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
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3
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Al Furaiji KHM, Molino A, Dutton JL, Wilson DJD. Theoretical Investigation of Main-Group Element Hydride Insertion into Phosphorus-Heterocyclic Carbenes (PHCs). Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Initial reports of ring expansion reactions (RER) of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) with main-group element hydrides have led to several synthetic and theoretical investigations, which include reports of insertion by Be, B, Al, Si, and Zn hydrides. The RERs generally lead to insertion of the heteroatom into the endocyclic C–N bond with formation of an expanded heterocyclic ring. Following the recent isolation of a P-heterocyclic carbene (PHC), here we report results from a computational study (RI-SCS-MP2/def2-TZVP//M06–2X/def2-TZVP) of RERs with a series of PHCs for the ring-insertion of silicon (SiH4, SiH2Ph2) and boron (BH3, BH2NMe2) hydrides. In order to explore the roles of both electronic and steric effects on PHCs and their reactivity, a series of P-substituent PHCR (R=H, Me, Ph, and bulky Ar groups) were investigated. Bulky R groups serve to maximise ring planarity and the σ-donating capability of the PHC. For RER, the PHC analogues exhibit facile initial hydride transfer from the main-group hydrides to the carbene carbon, with barriers that are substantially lower than with NHCs. However, the full ring insertion mechanisms for PHCs are, in general, kinetically unfavourable due to a large barrier associated with the ring-expansion step. While bulky P-substituents maximise heterocycle planarity towards that of NHCs, the RER reactivity with bulky PHCs does not reflect that of an NHC.
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4
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Schoeller WW. The Niecke Biradicals and Their Congeners – The Journey from Stable Biradicaloids to Their Utilization for the Design of Nonlinear Optical Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang W. Schoeller
- Department of Chemistry University of Bielefeld P. O. Box 10 01 31 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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5
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Souri M, Mohammadi K. Theoretical investigation of the defect position effect on the NLO properties of N and B doped graphenes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Fujiyoshi JY, Tonami T, Yamane M, Okada K, Kishi R, Muhammad S, Al-Sehemi AG, Nozawa R, Shinokubo H, Nakano M. Theoretical Study on Open-Shell Singlet Character and Second Hyperpolarizabilities in Cofacial π-Stacked Dimers Composed of Weak Open-Shell Antiaromatic Porphyrins. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2863-2871. [PMID: 30080316 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
From the analysis based on the broken-symmetry density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we in this study propose a strategy to enhance the open-shell characters and third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of π-stacked dimers composed of antiaromatic molecules with weak open-shell characters. For this purpose, we here constructed cofacial π-stacked dimer models composed of aromatic and antiaromatic NiII porphyrins in order to examine the π-π stacking distance (R) dependence of the diradical characters (y) and static second hyperpolarizabilities (γ). The antiaromatic porphyrin dimers are found to have intermediate y around R∼3.3 Å, the result of which originates in the unique intermolecular interactions between the antiaromatic monomers. Static γ along the stacking direction of such antiaromatic porphyrin dimers with intermediate diradical characters are shown to be enhanced significantly as compared to those of the isolated monomers and the aromatic porphyrin dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ya Fujiyoshi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tonami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamane
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kenji Okada
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Physics College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center for advanced materials science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center for advanced materials science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryo Nozawa
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.,Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN) Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
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7
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Souri M, Kazemi T. Substitution effect in 2-spiropropane-1,3-diyl derivatives: A DFT and CASSCF study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Ito S. Topics of 1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyl derivatives: Structural aspects and functionality of isolable heavier congeners of cyclobutane-1,3-diyl and the related molecules. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Ito S. Study of the Air-Tolerant 1,3-Diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyl through the Direct Arylation. CHEM REC 2017; 18:445-458. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Material and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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10
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Abe M, Akisaka R. Is π-Single Bonding (C–π–C) Possible? A Challenge in Organic Chemistry. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526
- Hiroshima Research Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (Hi-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526
| | - Rikuo Akisaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526
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11
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Tirrée J, Ruban AV, Nieger M, Li C, Nyulászi L, Niecke E. Overcrowded aminophospanitrenes: a case study. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2017-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In a search for stable phosphinonitrenes generated by thermally induced decomposition of the azidophosphines 8a, b, different cyclodiphosp(V)azene products were generated. While in the case of 8a the expected phosphinonitrene dimer 10 could be obtained, from 8b, which has the sterically more demanding TMP substituents, product 11, was obtained and characterized. DFT calculations have revealed that the primarily formed phosphinonitrene 9b is unstable against loss of TMP˙, and the resulting radical dimerizes to the biradicaloid 1,3-diaza-2,4-diphosphetane-2,4-diyl 13. Compound 13 then dimerizes after ring opening, yielding in the ring system, which provides the final product upon reaction with the starting azidophosphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Tirrée
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Alexander V. Ruban
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Claudia Li
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Technical University of Budapest , Gellért tér 4 , 1111 Budapest , Hungary
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Technical University of Budapest , Gellért tér 4 , 1111 Budapest , Hungary
- MTA-BME Computational Driven Chemistry Research Group , Gellért tér 4 , 1111 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Edgar Niecke
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
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12
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Matsui H, Fukuda K, Ito S, Nagami T, Nakano M. Open-Shell Singlet Nature and σ-/π-Conjugation Effects on the Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Si Chains: Polysilane and Poly(disilene-1,2-diyl). J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:948-55. [PMID: 26788867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b11895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the open-shell singlet nature and σ-/π-conjugation effects on the longitudinal second hyperpolarizabilities (γ) of one-dimensional chains involving silicon-silicon bonds, that is, polysilane and poly(disilene-1,2-diyl), by comparison with their carbon analogues, polyethylene and polyacetylene, respectively. It is found that poly(disilene-1,2-diyl) has less bond length alternation than polyacetylene and that σ-conjugation of polysilane is less effective on the enhancement of γ than π-conjugation of polyacetylene, whereas π-conjugation of poly(disilene-1,2-diyl) indicates a more than 20 times greater enhancement of the γ than that of polyacetylene, which is known to be a typical nonlinear optical molecule with large γ, for one-dimensional chains involving 3-5 double bonds. Further theoretical analyses of poly(disilene-1,2-diyl) reveal the σ- and π-electrons contribute negatively and positively to the γ, respectively. The latter contribution is significantly larger than the former and thus causes the remarkable enhancement of γ amplitudes due to the emerging open-shell singlet nature in the long π-conjugation length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsui
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kotaro Fukuda
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Soichi Ito
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takanori Nagami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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13
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Ye J, Hatano S, Abe M, Kishi R, Murata Y, Nakano M, Adam W. A Puckered Singlet Cyclopentane-1,3-diyl: Detection of the Third Isomer in Homolysis. Chemistry 2016; 22:2299-306. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhuai Ye
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University (HIRODAI); 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Sayaka Hatano
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University (HIRODAI); 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University (HIRODAI); 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
- Research Center for Future Science; Hiroshima University (HIRODAI); 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Yusuke Murata
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Waldemar Adam
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Facundo Bueso 110; University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras; Puerto Rico 00931 USA
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14
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Grande-Aztatzi R, Mercero JM, Ugalde JM. The stability of biradicaloid versus closed-shell [E(μ-XR)]2 (E = P, As; X = N, P, As) rings. Does aromaticity play a role? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11879-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07263h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-level CASSCF calculations, supplemented with MCQDPT ab initio calculations, demonstrate that the [E(μ-XH)]2 (E = P, As; X = N, P, As) compounds possess one planar and one butterfly-like isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Grande-Aztatzi
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU)
- and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- 20080 Donostia
- Spain
| | - Jose M. Mercero
- IZO-SGI SGiker
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU)
- and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- 20080 Donostia
- Spain
| | - Jesus M. Ugalde
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU)
- and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- 20080 Donostia
- Spain
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15
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Bauzá A, Escudero D, Frontera A, Streubel R. Electronic Structure of N2P2 Four-Membered Rings and the Effect of Their Ligand Coordination to M(CO)5 (Cr, Mo, and W). Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om501142k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bauzá
- Departament
de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa
km 7.5, 07122 Palma
de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Daniel Escudero
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité,
Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR CNRS no.
6320, BP 92208, Université de Nantes, 2, Rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3, France
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament
de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa
km 7.5, 07122 Palma
de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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16
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Matsui H, Fukuda K, Takamuku S, Sekiguchi A, Nakano M. Theoretical Study on the Relationship between Diradical Character and Second Hyperpolarizabilities of Four-Membered-Ring Diradicals Involving Heavy Main-Group Elements. Chemistry 2014; 21:2157-64. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Ito S, Ueta Y, Ngo TTT, Kobayashi M, Hashizume D, Nishida JI, Yamashita Y, Mikami K. Direct Arylations for Study of the Air-Stable P-Heterocyclic Biradical: From Wide Electronic Tuning to Characterization of the Localized Radicalic Electrons. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17610-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja409625x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ito
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ueta
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Trang Thi Thu Ngo
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Materials
Characterization Support Unit, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Nishida
- Department
of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science
and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Yamashita
- Department
of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science
and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Koichi Mikami
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University (HIRODAI), 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima,
Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787,
Japan
- JST-CREST, 5
Sanbancho,
Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
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19
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Nakagaki T, Sakai T, Mizuta T, Fujiwara Y, Abe M. Kinetic Stabilization and Reactivity of π Single-Bonded Species: Effect of the Alkoxy Group on the Lifetime of Singlet 2,2-Dialkoxy-1,3-diphenyloctahydropentalene-1,3-diyls. Chemistry 2013; 19:10395-404. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Ye J, Fujiwara Y, Abe M. Substituent effect on the energy barrier for σ-bond formation from π-single-bonded species, singlet 2,2-dialkoxycyclopentane-1,3-diyls. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:925-33. [PMID: 23766808 PMCID: PMC3678856 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Localized singlet diradicals are in general quite short-lived intermediates in processes involving homolytic bond-cleavage and formation reactions. In the past decade, long-lived singlet diradicals have been reported in cyclic systems such as cyclobutane-1,3-diyls and cyclopentane-1,3-diyls. Experimental investigation of the chemistry of singlet diradicals has become possible. The present study explores the substituents and the effect of their substitution pattern at the C(1)–C(3) positions on the lifetime of singlet octahydropentalene-1,3-diyls to understand the role of the substituents on the reactivity of the localized singlet diradicals. Results: A series of singlet 2,2-dialkoxy-1,3-diaryloctahydropentalene-1,3-diyls DR were generated in the photochemical denitrogenation of the corresponding azoalkanes AZ. The ring-closed products CP, i.e., 3,3-dialkoxy-2,4-diphenyltricyclo[3.3.0.02,4]octanes, were quantitatively obtained in the denitrogenation reaction. The first-order decay process (k = 1/τ) was observed for the fate of the singlet diradicals DR (λmax ≈ 580–590 nm). The activation parameters, ΔH‡ and ΔS‡, for the ring-closing reaction (σ-bond formation process) were determined by the temperature-dependent change of the lifetime. The energy barrier was found to be largely dependent upon the substituents Ar and Ar’. The singlet diradical DRf (Ar = 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, OCH2Ar’ = OCH2(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)) was the longest-lived, τ293 = 5394 ± 59 ns, among the diradicals studied here. The lifetime of the parent diradical DR (Ar = Ph, OCH2Ar’ = OCH3) was 299 ± 2 ns at 293 K. Conclusion: The lifetimes of the singlet 1,3-diyls are found to be largely dependent on the substituent pattern of Ar and Ar’ at the C(1)–C(3) positions. Both the enthalpy and entropy effect were found to play crucial roles in increasing the lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhuai Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Abe M, Furunaga H, Ma D, Gagliardi L, Bodwell GJ. Stretch Effects Induced by Molecular Strain on Weakening σ-Bonds: Molecular Design of Long-Lived Diradicals (Biradicals). J Org Chem 2012; 77:7612-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3016105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of
Science, Hiroshima University (HIRODAI),
1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Institute of Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Haruka Furunaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of
Science, Hiroshima University (HIRODAI),
1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Dongxia Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis,
Minnesota, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis,
Minnesota, United States
| | - Graham J. Bodwell
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B 3X7, Canada
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