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Poirot A, Vanucci-Bacqué C, Delavaux-Nicot B, Meslien C, Saffon-Merceron N, Serpentini CL, Bedos-Belval F, Benoist E, Fery-Forgues S. Using a diphenyl-bi-(1,2,4-triazole) tricarbonylrhenium(I) complex with intramolecular π-π stacking interaction for efficient solid-state luminescence enhancement. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:5453-5465. [PMID: 36880588 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Since intramolecular π-π stacking interactions can modify the geometry, crystal packing mode, or even the electronic properties of transition metal complexes, they are also likely to influence the solid-state luminescence properties. Following this concept, a new tricarbonylrhenium(I) complex (Re-BPTA) was designed, based on a simple symmetrical 5,5'-dimethyl-4,4'-diphenyl-3,3'-bi-(1,2,4-triazole) organic ligand. The complex was prepared in good yield using a three-step procedure. The crystallographic study revealed that both phenyl rings are located on the same side of the molecule, and twisted by 71° and 62°, respectively, with respect to the bi-(1,2,4-triazole) unit. They overlap significantly, although they are slipped parallel to each other to minimize the intramolecular interaction energy. The π-π stacking interaction was also revealed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, in good agreement with the results of theoretical calculations. In organic solutions, a peculiar electrochemical signature was observed compared to closely-related pyridyl-triazole (pyta)-based complexes. With regard to the optical properties, the stiffness of the Re-BPTA complex led to the stabilization of the 3MLCT state, and thus to an enhancement of the red phosphorescence emission compared to the more flexible pyta complexes. However, an increased sensitivity to quenching by oxygen appeared. In the microcrystalline phase, the Re-BPTA complex showed strong photoluminescence (PL) emission in the green-yellow wavelength range (λPL = 548 nm, ΦPL = 0.52, 〈τPL〉 = 713 ns), and thus a dramatic solid-state luminescence enhancement (SLE) effect. These attractive emission properties can be attributed to the fact that the molecule undergoes little distortion between the ground state and the triplet excited state, as well as to a favorable intermolecular arrangement that minimizes detrimental interactions in the crystal lattice. The aggregation-induced phosphorescence emission (AIPE) effect was clear, with a 7-fold increase in emission intensity at 546 nm, although the aggregates formed in aqueous medium were much less emissive than the native microcrystalline powder. In this work, the rigidity of the Re-BPTA complex is reinforced by the intramolecular π-π stacking interaction of the phenyl rings. This original concept provides a rhenium tricarbonyl compound with very good SLE properties, and could be used more widely to successfully develop this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Poirot
- SPCMIB, CNRS UMR 5068, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Corinne Vanucci-Bacqué
- SPCMIB, CNRS UMR 5068, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Béatrice Delavaux-Nicot
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS (UPR 8241), Université de Toulouse (UPS, INPT), 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Clarisse Meslien
- SPCMIB, CNRS UMR 5068, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Service Diffraction des Rayons X, Institut de Chimie de Toulouse, ICT- UAR 2599, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Charles-Louis Serpentini
- Laboratoire IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Florence Bedos-Belval
- SPCMIB, CNRS UMR 5068, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Eric Benoist
- SPCMIB, CNRS UMR 5068, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Suzanne Fery-Forgues
- SPCMIB, CNRS UMR 5068, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
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2
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Boota RZ, Hardman SJO, Ashton GP, Rice CR, Scattergood PA, Elliott PIP. Photochemistry of Heteroleptic 1,4,5,8-Tetraazaphenanthrene- and Bi-1,2,3-triazolyl-Containing Ruthenium(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15768-15781. [PMID: 34612633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diimine metal complexes have significant relevance in the development of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) applications. In particular, complexes of the TAP ligand (1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene) are known to lead to photoinduced oxidation of DNA, while TAP- and triazole-based complexes are also known to undergo photochemical ligand release processes relevant to PACT. The photophysical and photochemical properties of heteroleptic complexes [Ru(TAP)n(btz)3-n]2+ (btz = 1,1'-dibenzyl-4,4'-bi-1,2,3-triazolyl, n = 1 (1), 2 (2)) have been explored. Upon irradiation in acetonitrile, 1 displays analogous photochemistry to that previously observed for [Ru(bpy)(btz)2]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl) and generates trans-[Ru(TAP)(btz)(NCMe)2]2+ (5), which has been crystallographically characterized, with the observation of the ligand-loss intermediate trans-[Ru(TAP)(κ2-btz)(κ1-btz)(NCMe)]2+ (4). Complex 2 displays more complicated photochemical behavior with not only preferential photorelease of btz to form cis-[Ru(TAP)2(NCMe)2]2+ (6) but also competitive photorelease of TAP to form 5. Free TAP is then taken up by 6 to form [Ru(TAP)3]2+ (3) with the proportion of 5 and 3 observed to progressively increase during prolonged photolysis. Data suggest a complex set of reversible photochemical ligand scrambling processes in which 2 and 3 are interconverted. Computational DFT calculations have enabled optimization of geometries of the pro-trans 3MCcis states with repelled btz or TAP ligands crucial for the formation of 5 from 1 and 2, respectively, lending weight to recent evidence that such 3MCcis states play an important mechanistic role in the rich photoreactivity of Ru(II) diimine complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayhaan Z Boota
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K
| | - Samantha J O Hardman
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Gage P Ashton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K
| | - Craig R Rice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K
| | - Paul A Scattergood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K
| | - Paul I P Elliott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K
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3
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Elmes RBP, Ryan GJ, Erby ML, Frimannsson DO, Kitchen JA, Lawler M, Williams DC, Quinn SJ, Gunnlaugsson T. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Profiling of Ruthenium(II)-Based 4-Nitro- and 4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide Conjugates. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10874-10893. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. P. Elmes
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth W23 F2K8, County Kildare, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Limerick, County Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gary J. Ryan
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Maria Luisa Erby
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniel O. Frimannsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Jonathan A. Kitchen
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
| | - Mark Lawler
- Institute for Health Sciences, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
| | - D. Clive Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Susan J. Quinn
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Limerick, County Limerick, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Limerick, County Limerick, Ireland
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4
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Urriza-Arsuaga I, Bedoya M, Orellana G. Unprecedented Reversible Real-Time Luminescent Sensing of H2S in the Gas Phase. Anal Chem 2018; 91:2231-2238. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Urriza-Arsuaga
- Optical Chemosensors & Applied Photochemistry Group (GSOLFA), Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maximino Bedoya
- Optical Chemosensors & Applied Photochemistry Group (GSOLFA), Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Orellana
- Optical Chemosensors & Applied Photochemistry Group (GSOLFA), Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Burke CS, Byrne A, Keyes TE. Targeting Photoinduced DNA Destruction by Ru(II) Tetraazaphenanthrene in Live Cells by Signal Peptide. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6945-6955. [PMID: 29767962 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting NF-κB transcription factor peptide conjugation, a Ru(II)-bis-tap complex (tap = 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene) was targeted specifically to the nuclei of live HeLa and CHO cells for the first time. DNA binding of the complex within the nucleus of live cells was evident from gradual extinction of the metal complex luminescence after it had crossed the nuclear envelope, attributed to guanine quenching of the ruthenium emission via photoinduced electron transfer. Resonance Raman imaging confirmed that the complex remained in the nucleus after emission is extinguished. In the dark and under imaging conditions the cells remain viable, but efficient cellular destruction was induced with precise spatiotemporal control by applying higher irradiation intensities to selected cells. Solution studies indicate that the peptide conjugated complex associates strongly with calf thymus DNA ex-cellulo and gel electrophoresis confirmed that the peptide conjugate is capable of singlet oxygen independent photodamage to plasmid DNA. This indicates that the observed efficient cellular destruction likely operates via direct DNA oxidation by photoinduced electron transfer between guanine and the precision targeted Ru(II)-tap probe. The discrete targeting of polyazaaromatic complexes to the cell nucleus and confirmation that they are photocytotoxic after nuclear delivery is an important step toward their application in cellular phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Burke
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research , Dublin City University , Glasnevin , Dublin 9 , Ireland
| | - Aisling Byrne
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research , Dublin City University , Glasnevin , Dublin 9 , Ireland
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research , Dublin City University , Glasnevin , Dublin 9 , Ireland
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6
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Hosseinnejad T, Ebrahimpour-Malmir F, Fattahi B. Computational investigations of click-derived 1,2,3-triazoles as keystone ligands for complexation with transition metals: a review. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12232-12259. [PMID: 35539398 PMCID: PMC9079615 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00283e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, metal complexes of organo 1,2,3-triazole click-derived ligands have attracted significant attention as catalysts in many chemical transformations and also as biological and pharmaceutical active agents. Regarding the important applications of these metal-organo 1,2,3-triazole-based complexes, in this review, we focused on the recently reported investigations of the structural, electronic, and spectroscopic aspects of the complexation process in transition metal complexes of 1,2,3-triazole-based click ligands. In line with this, the coordination properties of these triazole-based click ligands with transition metals were studied via several quantum chemistry calculations. Moreover, considering the complexation process, we have presented comparative discussions between the computational results and the available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Hosseinnejad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics & Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98-21-8804-1344 +98-9124775800
| | - Fatemeh Ebrahimpour-Malmir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics & Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98-21-8804-1344 +98-9124775800
| | - Bahareh Fattahi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics & Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98-21-8804-1344 +98-9124775800
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7
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Scattergood PA, Sinopoli A, Elliott PI. Photophysics and photochemistry of 1,2,3-triazole-based complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Ross DAW, Scattergood PA, Babaei A, Pertegás A, Bolink HJ, Elliott PIP. Luminescent osmium(ii) bi-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl complexes: photophysical characterisation and application in light-emitting electrochemical cells. Dalton Trans 2017; 45:7748-57. [PMID: 27055067 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00830e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The series of osmium(ii) complexes [Os(bpy)3-n(btz)n][PF6]2 (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl, btz = 1,1'-dibenzyl-4,4'-bi-1,2,3-triazolyl, n = 0, n = 1, n = 2, n = 3), have been prepared and characterised. The progressive replacement of bpy by btz leads to blue-shifted UV-visible electronic absorption spectra, indicative of btz perturbation of the successively destabilised bpy-centred LUMO. For , a dramatic blue-shift relative to the absorption profile for is observed, indicative of the much higher energy LUMO of the btz ligand over that of bpy, mirroring previously reported data on analogous ruthenium(ii) complexes. Unlike the previously reported ruthenium systems, heteroleptic complexes and display intense emission in the far-red/near-infrared (λmax = 724 and 713 nm respectively in aerated acetonitrile at RT) as a consequence of higher lying, and hence less thermally accessible, (3)MC states. This assertion is supported by ground state DFT calculations which show that the dσ* orbitals of to are destabilised by between 0.60 and 0.79 eV relative to their Ru(ii) analogues. The homoleptic complex appears to display extremely weak room temperature emission, but on cooling to 77 K the complex exhibits highly intense blue emission with λmax 444 nm. As complexes to display room temperature luminescent emission and readily reversible Os(ii)/(iii) redox couples, light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) devices were fabricated. All LECs display electroluminescent emission in the deep-red/near-IR (λmax = 695 to 730 nm). Whilst devices based on and show inferior current density and luminance than LECs based on , the device utilising shows the highest external quantum efficiency at 0.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A W Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Paul A Scattergood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Azin Babaei
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, C/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Antonio Pertegás
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, C/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Henk J Bolink
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, C/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Paul I P Elliott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
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9
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Scattergood PA, Elliott PIP. An unexpected journey from highly tunable phosphorescence to novel photochemistry of 1,2,3-triazole-based complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:16343-16356. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03836d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Complexes containing the humble 1,2,3-triazole ring moiety have enabled access to highly tunable with efficient phosphorescence but have also in facilitated access to novel photoreactive excited states yielding highly unusual photochemical reactivity.
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10
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Dixon IM, Heully JL, Alary F, Elliott PIP. Theoretical illumination of highly original photoreactive3MC states and the mechanism of the photochemistry of Ru(ii) tris(bidentate) complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:27765-27778. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05532c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of the photoreactive mechanism of ruthenium(ii) complexes is reported along with identification of crucial and highly original metal-centred states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle M. Dixon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques
- UMR 5626 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier
- Université de Toulouse
- Toulouse
- France
| | - Jean-Louis Heully
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques
- UMR 5626 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier
- Université de Toulouse
- Toulouse
- France
| | - Fabienne Alary
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques
- UMR 5626 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier
- Université de Toulouse
- Toulouse
- France
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11
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Riedl CA, Flocke LS, Hejl M, Roller A, Klose MHM, Jakupec MA, Kandioller W, Keppler BK. Introducing the 4-Phenyl-1,2,3-Triazole Moiety as a Versatile Scaffold for the Development of Cytotoxic Ruthenium(II) and Osmium(II) Arene Cyclometalates. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:528-541. [PMID: 27996251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis, anticancer potency in vitro, biomolecule interaction, and preliminary mode of action studies of a series of cyclometalated 1,2,3-triazole-derived ruthenium(II) (2a-e) and osmium(II) (3a-e) organometallics of the general form [(η6-p-cym)RuCl(κ2-C^N-L)] with varying substituents in postion 1 of the 1,2,3-triazole moiety. These cyclometalates were characterized by standard analytical methods and their structures unambiguously assigned by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The anticancer activity of these novel compounds was tested in the human tumor cell lines A549 (non-small cell lung cancer), SW480 (colon adenocarcinoma), and CH1/PA-1 (ovarian teratocarcinoma), and preliminary structure-activity relationships were derived from the obtained data sets. Various representatives exhibit promising antineoplastic effects with IC50 values down to the low micromolar range. The compounds readily formed stable DMSO adducts after aquation in DMSO-containing solution, but employing DMSO as solubilizer in cytotoxicity assays had no pronounced effect on the cytotoxicity, compared to analogous experiments with DMF for most compounds. We isolated and characterized selected DMSO adducts as triflate salts and found that they show activities in the same range as the parent chlorido metalacycles in MTT assays with the use of DMSO. Osmium(II) cyclometalates exhibited higher antiproliferative activities than their ruthenium(II) counterparts. The IC50 values within each metal series decreased with increasing lipophilicity, which was attributed to higher cellular accumulation. Investigations on their mode of action revealed that the prepared organometallics were unable to inhibit topoisomerase IIα. Still, the most cytotoxic representatives 2b and 3b showed pronounced effects on cell cycle distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Riedl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lea S Flocke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Hejl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias H M Klose
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Scattergood PA, Khushnood U, Tariq A, Cooke DJ, Rice CR, Elliott PIP. Photochemistry of [Ru(pytz)(btz)2]2+ and Characterization of a κ1-btz Ligand-Loss Intermediate. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7787-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Scattergood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Usman Khushnood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Amina Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Craig R. Rice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul I. P. Elliott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
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13
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Zabarska N, Stumper A, Rau S. CuAAC click reactions for the design of multifunctional luminescent ruthenium complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:2338-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04599a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CuAAC (Cu(i) catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition) click chemistry has emerged as a versatile tool in the development of photoactive ruthenium complexes with multilateral potential applicability. Three general concepts for their synthesis and selected applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zabarska
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Anne Stumper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
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14
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Lo WKC, Huff GS, Cubanski JR, Kennedy ADW, McAdam CJ, McMorran DA, Gordon KC, Crowley JD. Comparison of inverse and regular 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole "click" complexes: structures, stability, electrochemical, and photophysical properties. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:1572-87. [PMID: 25615621 DOI: 10.1021/ic502557w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two inverse 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole "click" ligands, 2-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine and 2-(4-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine, and their palladium(II), platinum(II), rhenium(I), and ruthenium(II) complexes have been synthesized in good to excellent yields. The properties of these inverse "click" complexes have been compared to the isomeric regular compounds using a variety of techniques. X-ray crystallographic analysis shows that the regular and inverse complexes are structurally very similar. However, the chemical and physical properties of the isomers are quite different. Ligand exchange studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that metal complexes of the regular 2-(1-R-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (R = phenyl, benzyl) ligands are more stable than those formed with the inverse 2-(4-R-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine (R = phenyl, benzyl) "click" chelators. Additionally, the bis-2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) ruthenium(II) complexes of the "click" chelators have been shown to have short excited state lifetimes, which in the inverse triazole case, resulted in ejection of the 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligand from the complex. Under identical conditions, the isomeric regular 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ruthenium(II) bpy complexes are photochemically inert. The absorption spectra of the inverse rhenium(I) and platinum(II) complexes are red-shifted compared to the regular compounds. It is shown that conjugation between the substituent group R and triazolyl unit has a negligible effect on the photophysical properties of the complexes. The inverse rhenium(I) complexes have large Stokes shifts, long metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state lifetimes, and respectable quantum yields which are relatively solvent insensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warrick K C Lo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Noor A, Maloney DL, Lewis JEM, Lo WKC, Crowley JD. Acid-Base Driven Ligand Exchange with Palladium(II) “Click” Complexes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Welby CE, Armitage GK, Bartley H, Wilkinson A, Sinopoli A, Uppal BS, Rice CR, Elliott PIP. Photochemistry of RuII 4,4'-bi-1,2,3-triazolyl (btz) complexes: crystallographic characterization of the photoreactive ligand-loss intermediate trans-[Ru(bpy)(κ2-btz)(κ1-btz)(NCMe)]2+. Chemistry 2014; 20:8467-76. [PMID: 24889966 PMCID: PMC4506527 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We report the unprecedented observation and unequivocal crystallographic characterization of the meta-stable ligand loss intermediate solvento complex trans-[Ru(bpy)(κ2-btz)(κ1-btz)(NCMe)]2+ (1 a) that contains a monodentate chelate ligand. This and analogous complexes can be observed during the photolysis reactions of a family of complexes of the form [Ru()(btz)2]2+ (1 a–d: btz=1,1′-dibenzyl-4,4′-bi-1,2,3-triazolyl; =a) 2,2′-bipyridyl (bpy), b) 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl (dmbpy), c) 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridyl (dmeobpy), d) 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)). In acetonitrile solutions, 1 a–d eventually convert to the bis-solvento complexes trans-[Ru()(btz)(NCMe)2]2+ (3 a–d) along with one equivalent of free btz, in a process in which the remaining coordinated bidentate ligands undergo a new rearrangement such that they become coplanar. X-ray crystal structure of 3 a and 3 d confirmed the co-planar arrangement of the and btz ligands and the trans coordination of two solvent molecules. These conversions proceed via the observed intermediate complexes 2 a–d, which are formed quantitatively from 1 a–d in a matter of minutes and to which they slowly revert back on being left to stand in the dark over several days. The remarkably long lifetime of the intermediate complexes (>12 h at 40 °C) allowed the isolation of 2 a in the solid state, and the complex to be crystallographically characterized. Similarly to the structures adopted by complexes 3 a and d, the bpy and κ2-btz ligands in 2 a coordinate in a square-planar fashion with the second monodentate btz ligand coordinated trans to an acetonitrile ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Welby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH (UK)
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Hohloch S, Hettmanczyk L, Sarkar B. Introducing Potential Hemilability into “Click” Triazoles and Triazolylidenes: Synthesis and Characterization of d6-Metal Complexes and Oxidation Catalysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hohloch S, Schweinfurth D, Sommer MG, Weisser F, Deibel N, Ehret F, Sarkar B. The redox series [Ru(bpy)2(L)]n, n = +3, +2, +1, 0, with L = bipyridine, “click” derived pyridyl-triazole or bis-triazole: a combined structural, electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and DFT investigation. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4437-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52898g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Schulze B, Schubert US. Beyond click chemistry – supramolecular interactions of 1,2,3-triazoles. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2522-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60386e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Welby CE, Armitage GK, Bartley H, Sinopoli A, Uppal BS, Elliott PIP. Photochemical ligand ejection from non-sterically promoted Ru(ii)bis(diimine) 4,4′-bi-1,2,3-triazolyl complexes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:735-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complexes of the form [Ru(diimine)2(btz)]2+ (btz = 1,1′-dibenzyl-4,4′-bi-1,2,3-triazolyl) are observed to undergo photochemical ejection of the btz ligand in the absence of any promotion through steric congestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harry Bartley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Huddersfield
- Huddersfield, UK
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Hohloch S, Suntrup L, Sarkar B. Arene–Ruthenium(II) and −Iridium(III) Complexes with “Click”-Based Pyridyl-triazoles, Bis-triazoles, and Chelating Abnormal Carbenes: Applications in Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4009185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hohloch
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Suntrup
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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Mattiuzzi A, Marcélis L, Jabin I, Moucheron C, Mesmaeker AKD. Synthesis and Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties of Calixarene-Based Ruthenium(II) Complexes as Potential Multivalent Photoreagents. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:11228-36. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401468t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Mattiuzzi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lionel Marcélis
- Laboratoire de Chimie
Organique
et Photochimie, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/08, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Laboratoire de Chimie
Organique
et Photochimie, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/08, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrée Kirsch-De Mesmaeker
- Laboratoire de Chimie
Organique
et Photochimie, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/08, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Ladouceur S, Zysman-Colman E. A Comprehensive Survey of Cationic Iridium(III) Complexes Bearing Nontraditional Ligand Chelation Motifs. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Rhenium(I) complexes of readily functionalized bidentate pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole “click” ligands: A systematic synthetic, spectroscopic and computational study. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Donato L, Abel P, Zysman-Colman E. Cationic iridium(iii) complexes bearing a bis(triazole) ancillary ligand. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:8402-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50334h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Welby CE, Gilmartin L, Marriott RR, Zahid A, Rice CR, Gibson EA, Elliott PIP. Luminescent biscyclometalated arylpyridine iridium(iii) complexes with 4,4′-bi-1,2,3-triazolyl ancillary ligands. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:13527-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51284c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Xiao N, Chen Y, Shen X, Zhang C, Yano S, Gottschaldt M, Schubert US, Kakuchi T, Satoh T. Synthesis of miktoarm star copolymer Ru(II) complexes by click-to-chelate approach. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Crowley JD, McMorran DA. “Click-Triazole” Coordination Chemistry: Exploiting 1,4-Disubstituted-1,2,3-Triazoles as Ligands. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2011_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Welby CE, Grkinic S, Zahid A, Uppal BS, Gibson EA, Rice CR, Elliott PIP. Synthesis, characterisation and theoretical study of ruthenium 4,4′-bi-1,2,3-triazolyl complexes: fundamental switching of the nature of S1 and T1 states from MLCT to MC. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:7637-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30510k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Originating from Excited States of Luminescent Transition-Metal Complexes. Chemistry 2011; 17:11692-702. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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