1
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Poater J, Escayola S, Poater A, Teixidor F, Ottosson H, Viñas C, Solà M. Single─Not Double─3D-Aromaticity in an Oxidized Closo Icosahedral Dodecaiodo-Dodecaborate Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22527-22538. [PMID: 37728951 PMCID: PMC10591335 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
3D-aromatic molecules with (distorted) tetrahedral, octahedral, or spherical structures are much less common than typical 2D-aromatic species or even 2D-aromatic-in-3D systems. Closo boranes, [BnHn]2- (5 ≤ n ≤ 14) and carboranes are examples of compounds that are singly 3D-aromatic, and we now explore if there are species that are doubly 3D-aromatic. The most widely known example of a species with double 2D-aromaticity is the hexaiodobenzene dication, [C6I6]2+. This species shows π-aromaticity in the benzene ring and σ-aromaticity in the outer ring formed by the iodine substituents. Inspired by the hexaiodobenzene dication example, in this work, we explore the potential for double 3D-aromaticity in [B12I12]0/2+. Our results based on magnetic and electronic descriptors of aromaticity together with 11B{1H} NMR experimental spectra of boron-iodinated o-carboranes suggest that these two oxidized forms of a closo icosahedral dodecaiodo-dodecaborate cluster, [B12I12] and [B12I12]2+, behave as doubly 3D-aromatic compounds. However, an evaluation of the energetic contribution of the potential double 3D-aromaticity through homodesmotic reactions shows that delocalization in the I12 shell, in contrast to the 10σ-electron I62+ ring in the hexaiodobenzene dication, does not contribute to any stabilization of the system. Therefore, the [B12I12]0/2+ species cannot be considered as doubly 3D-aromatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Poater
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís
Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Escayola
- Departament
de Química, Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany,
69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Departament
de Química, Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany,
69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751
20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Departament
de Química, Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany,
69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain
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2
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Nussbaum BC, Humphries AL, Gange GB, Peryshkov DV. Redox-active carborane clusters in bond activation chemistry and ligand design. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9918-9928. [PMID: 37522167 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03011c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Icosahedral closo-dodecaboranes have the ability to accept two electrons, opening into a dianionic nido-cluster. This transformation can be utilized to store electrons, drive bond activation, or alter coordination to metal cations. In this feature article, we present cases for each of these applications, wherein the redox activity of carborane facilitates the generation of unique products. We highlight the effects of exohedral substituents on reactivity and the stability of the products through conjugation between the cluster and exohedral substituents. Futher, the utilization of the redox properties and geometry of carborane clusters in the ligand design is detailed, both in the stabilization of low-valent complexes and in the tuning of ligand geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce C Nussbaum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Amanda L Humphries
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Gayathri B Gange
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Dmitry V Peryshkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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3
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Teixidor F, Núñez R, Viñas C. Towards the Application of Purely Inorganic Icosahedral Boron Clusters in Emerging Nanomedicine. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114449. [PMID: 37298925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, drugs were obtained by extraction from medicinal plants, but more recently also by organic synthesis. Today, medicinal chemistry continues to focus on organic compounds and the majority of commercially available drugs are organic molecules, which can incorporate nitrogen, oxygen, and halogens, as well as carbon and hydrogen. Aromatic organic compounds that play important roles in biochemistry find numerous applications ranging from drug delivery to nanotechnology or biomarkers. We achieved a major accomplishment by demonstrating experimentally/theoretically that boranes, carboranes, as well as metallabis(dicarbollides), exhibit global 3D aromaticity. Based on the stability-aromaticity relationship, as well as on the progress made in the synthesis of derivatized clusters, we have opened up new applications of boron icosahedral clusters as key components in the field of novel healthcare materials. In this brief review, we present the results obtained at the Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis (LMI) of the Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) with icosahedral boron clusters. These 3D geometric shape clusters, the semi-metallic nature of boron and the presence of exo-cluster hydrogen atoms that can interact with biomolecules through non-covalent hydrogen and dihydrogen bonds, play a key role in endowing these compounds with unique properties in largely unexplored (bio)materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosario Núñez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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4
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Abstract
Nucleophilic ring-opening reactions of cyclic oxonium derivatives of anionic boron hydrides are a convenient method of their modification which opens practically unlimited prospects for their incorporation into various macro- and biomolecules. This contribution provides an overview of the synthesis and reactivity of cyclic oxonium derivatives of nido-carborane as well as half-sandwich complexes based on it.
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5
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Lee SH, Mun MS, Kim M, Lee JH, Hwang H, Lee W, Lee KM. Alteration of intramolecular electronic transition via deboronation of carbazole-based o-carboranyl compound and intriguing 'turn-on' emissive variation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24057-24064. [PMID: 35479040 PMCID: PMC9036662 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03716a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The conversion of closo-o-carborane-containing compounds to the nido-o-species via deboronation causes photophysical changes that could be used for sensing applications. 9-Methyl-9H-carbazole-based closo- (closo-Cz) and nido-o-carboranyl (nido-Cz) compounds were prepared and fully characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, and the solid-state molecular structure of closo-Cz was analysed by X-ray crystallography. Although the closo-compound exhibited an emissive pattern centred at λ em = ca. 530 nm in the rigid state only (in THF at 77 K and as a film), nido-Cz demonstrated intense emission in the near-UV region (λ em = ca. 380 nm) in both solution and film states at 298 K. The positive solvatochromic effect of nido-Cz and the results of theoretical calculations for both the o-carboranyl compounds supported that these emissive features originate from intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) corresponding to the o-carborane. Furthermore, the calculations verified that the electronic role of the o-carboranyl unit changed from acceptor to donor upon deboronation from closo-Cz to nido-Cz. Investigations of the radiative decay mechanisms of closo-Cz and nido-Cz according to their quantum efficiencies (Φ em) and decay lifetimes (τ obs) suggested that the ICT-based radiative decays of closo-Cz and nido-Cz readily occur in the film (solid) and solution state, respectively. These observations implied that the emission of closo-Cz in the solution state could be drastically enhanced by deboronation to nido-Cz upon exposure to an increasing concentration of fluoride anions. Indeed, turn-on emissive features in an aqueous solution were observed upon deboronation, strongly suggesting the potential of closo-Cz as a turn-on and visually detectable chemodosimeter for fluoride ion sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sik Mun
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Mingi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonseok Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchul Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
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Lee SH, Lee JH, Mun MS, Yi S, Yoo E, Hwang H, Lee KM. Influence of Electronic Environment on the Radiative Efficiency of 9-Phenyl-9 H-carbazole-Based ortho-Carboranyl Luminophores. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061763. [PMID: 33801078 PMCID: PMC8003977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The photophysical properties of closo-ortho-carboranyl-based donor–acceptor dyads are known to be affected by the electronic environment of the carborane cage but the influence of the electronic environment of the donor moiety remains unclear. Herein, four 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-based closo-ortho-carboranyl compounds (1F, 2P, 3M, and 4T), in which an o-carborane cage was appended at the C3-position of a 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole moiety bearing various functional groups, were synthesized and fully characterized using multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the solid-state molecular structures of 1F and 4T were determined by X-ray diffraction crystallography. For all the compounds, the lowest-energy absorption band exhibited a tail extending to 350 nm, attributable to the spin-allowed π–π* transition of the 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole moiety and weak intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) between the o-carborane and the carbazole group. These compounds showed intense yellowish emission (λem = ~540 nm) in rigid states (in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 77 K and in films), whereas considerably weak emission was observed in THF at 298 K. Theoretical calculations on the first excited states (S1) of the compounds suggested that the strong emission bands can be assigned to the ICT transition involving the o-carborane. Furthermore, photoluminescence experiments in THF‒water mixtures demonstrated that aggregation-induced emission was responsible for the emission in rigid states. Intriguingly, the quantum yields and radiative decay constants in the film state were gradually enhanced with the increasing electron-donating ability of the substituent on the 9-phenyl group (‒F for 1F < ‒H for 2P < ‒CH3 for 3M < ‒C(CH3)3 for 4T). These features indicate that the ICT-based radiative decay process in rigid states is affected by the electronic environment of the 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole group. Consequently, the efficient ICT-based radiative decay of o-carboranyl compounds can be achieved by appending the o-carborane cage with electron-rich aromatic systems.
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7
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Kim M, Im S, Ryu CH, Lee SH, Hong JH, Lee KM. Impact of deboronation on the electronic characteristics of closo-o-carborane: intriguing photophysical changes in triazole-appended carboranyl luminophores. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3207-3215. [PMID: 33576753 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04038j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
5-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-appended closo- (CB1 and CB2) and nido-o-carboranyl (nido-CB1 and nido-CB2) compounds were prepared and fully characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The solid-state molecular structures of both closo-compounds were analyzed by X-ray crystallography. Although the closo-compounds exhibited dual emissive patterns in the rigid state (in THF at 77 K), which were assignable to a π-π* local excitation (LE)-based emission (λem = ca. 380 nm) on the triazole moieties and to an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT)-based emission (ca. 460 nm) in which the o-carborane units acted as the acceptor (A), at 298 K in THF, the LE-based emission dominated. In contrast, the nido-compounds exhibited an intensive emission originating from ICT transitions in which the o-carborane units reversibly acted as the donor (D). In particular, the positive solvatochromic effects of both nido-compounds and the results of theoretical calculations for the o-carboranyl compounds supported the electronic role of the o-carboranyl unit in each compound. Investigation of the radiative decay mechanism of the closo- and nido-compounds using their quantum efficiency (Φem) and decay lifetime (τobs) suggested that the ICT-based radiative decay of nido-compounds occurred more efficiently than the LE-based decay of closo-compounds. These results implied that emission from the closo-compounds was drastically enhanced by the deboronation reaction upon exposure to an increasing concentration of fluoride anions, and finally became similar to the emission color (sky-blue) of the nido-compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Sujith S, Lee MH. Synthesis and Delayed Fluorescent Properties of
p‐Nido
‐Carborane‐Triarylborane
Conjugates with a
Methyl‐Substituted
Phenylene Linker. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surendran Sujith
- Department of Chemistry University of Ulsan Ulsan 44610 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry University of Ulsan Ulsan 44610 Republic of Korea
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9
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Labra‐Vázquez P, Flores‐Cruz R, Galindo‐Hernández A, Cabrera‐González J, Guzmán‐Cedillo C, Jiménez‐Sánchez A, Lacroix PG, Santillan R, Farfán N, Núñez R. Tuning the Cell Uptake and Subcellular Distribution in BODIPY–Carboranyl Dyads: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2020; 26:16530-16540. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Labra‐Vázquez
- Facultad de Química Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 04510 Ciudad de México México
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Ricardo Flores‐Cruz
- Instituto de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Aylin Galindo‐Hernández
- Facultad de Química Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Justo Cabrera‐González
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Cristian Guzmán‐Cedillo
- Facultad de Química Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Arturo Jiménez‐Sánchez
- Instituto de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Pascal G. Lacroix
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Rosa Santillan
- Departamento de Química Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Apdo. Postal 14-740 07000 Ciudad de México México
| | - Norberto Farfán
- Facultad de Química Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Rosario Núñez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
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10
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Deboronation-Induced Ratiometric Emission Variations of Terphenyl-Based Closo- o-Carboranyl Compounds: Applications to Fluoride-Sensing. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102413. [PMID: 32455846 PMCID: PMC7287808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Closo-o-carboranyl compounds bearing the ortho-type perfectly distorted or planar terphenyl rings (closo-DT and closo-PT, respectively) and their nido-derivatives (nido-DT and nido-PT, respectively) were synthesized and fully characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Although the emission spectra of both closo-compounds exhibited intriguing emission patterns in solution at 298 and 77 K, in the film state, closo-DT mainly exhibited a π-π* local excitation (LE)-based emission in the high-energy region, whereas closo-PT produced an intense emission in the low-energy region corresponding to an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transition. In particular, the positive solvatochromic effect of closo-PT and theoretical calculation results at the first excited (S1) optimized structure of both closo-compounds strongly suggest that these dual-emissive bands at the high- and low-energy can be assigned to each π-π* LE and ICT transition. Interestingly, both the nido-compounds, nido-DT and nido-PT, exhibited the only LE-based emission in solution at 298 K due to the anionic character of the nido-o-carborane cages, which cannot cause the ICT transitions. The specific emissive features of nido-compounds indicate that the emissive color of closo-PT in solution at 298 K is completely different from that of nido-PT. As a result, the deboronation of closo-PT upon exposure to increasing concentrations of fluoride anion exhibits a dramatic ratiometric color change from orange to deep blue via turn-off of the ICT-based emission. Consequently, the color change response of the luminescence by the alternation of the intrinsic electronic transitions via deboronation as well as the structural feature of terphenyl rings indicates the potential of the developed closo-o-carboranyl compounds that exhibit the intense ICT-based emission, as naked-eye-detectable chemodosimeters for fluoride ion sensing.
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11
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Sujith S, Nam EB, Lee J, Lee SU, Lee MH. Enhancing the thermally activated delayed fluorescence of nido-carborane-appended triarylboranes by steric modification of the phenylene linker. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00535e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of a methyl group into the 4-position of the phenylene linker of nido-carborane–triarylborane D–A dyads, i.e., at the ortho position to the nido-carborane cage, largely enhances their thermally activated delayed fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendran Sujith
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Nam
- Department of Bionano Technology and Department of Applied Chemistry
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 15588
- Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 61186
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Uck Lee
- Department of Bionano Technology and Department of Applied Chemistry
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 15588
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- Republic of Korea
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12
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Viñas C, Núñez R, Bennour I, Teixidor F. Periphery Decorated and Core Initiated Neutral and Polyanionic Borane Large Molecules: Forthcoming and Promising Properties for Medicinal Applications. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5036-5076. [PMID: 31161983 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190603123838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A mini-review based on radial growing macromolecules and core initiated Borane
periphery decorated with o-carboranes and metallacarboranes that has been developed in the
authors laboratories is reported. The review is divided into four sections; three of them are
related to the design and synthesis of these large boron-containing molecules and the fourth
deals with the unique properties of anionic metallacarborane molecules that provide a glimpse
of their potential for their promising use in medicinal applications. Their unique stability
along with their geometrical and electronic properties, as well as the precise steric structure of
1,2-closo-C2B10H12 (o-carborane) that has the potential for the incorporation of many substituents:
at the carbon (Cc), at the boron and at both carbon and boron vertices, suggests this
cluster as an innovative building block or platform for novel applications that cannot be
achieved with organic hydrocarbon compounds. Poly(aryl-ether) dendrimers grown from
fluorescent cores, such as 1,3,5-triarylbenzene or meso-porphyrins, have been decorated with
boron clusters to attain rich boron containing dendrimers. Octasilsesquioxane cubes have been
used as a core for its radial growth to get boron-rich large molecules. The unique properties of
cobaltabisdicarbollide cluster, which include: i) self-assembly in water to produce monolayer
nano-vesicles, ii) crossing lipid bilayer membranes, iii) interacting with membrane cells, iv)
facilitating its visualization within cells by Raman and fluorescence techniques and v) their
use as molecular platform for “in vivo” imaging are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC). Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Núñez
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC). Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ines Bennour
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC). Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC). Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Nar I, Atsay A, Buyruk A, Pekbelgin Karaoğlu H, Burat AK, Hamuryudan E. BODIPY–ortho-carborane–tetraphenylethylene triad: synthesis, characterization, and properties. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00177h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new compounds, BODIPY–tetraphenylethylene dyad and BODIPY–o-carborane–tetraphenylethylene triad, were designed and synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgın Nar
- Faculty of Science and Letters
- Department of Chemistry
- İstanbul Technical University
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
| | - Armağan Atsay
- Faculty of Science and Letters
- Department of Chemistry
- İstanbul Technical University
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
| | - Ali Buyruk
- Faculty of Science and Letters
- Department of Chemistry
- İstanbul Technical University
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
| | - Hande Pekbelgin Karaoğlu
- Faculty of Science and Letters
- Department of Chemistry
- İstanbul Technical University
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
| | - Ayfer Kalkan Burat
- Faculty of Science and Letters
- Department of Chemistry
- İstanbul Technical University
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
| | - Esin Hamuryudan
- Faculty of Science and Letters
- Department of Chemistry
- İstanbul Technical University
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
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14
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Nghia NV, Oh J, Sujith S, Jung J, Lee MH. Tuning the photophysical properties of carboranyl luminophores by closo- to nido-carborane conversion and application to OFF-ON fluoride sensing. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:17441-17449. [PMID: 30488927 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03771j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A family of closo-carborane-appended luminophores (closo-OXD1-2 and closo-DPS1-2) in which 2-R-o-carboranes (R = H, Me) are attached to the diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (OXD) or diphenyl-sulfone (DPS) acceptor groups were prepared and characterized. Deboronation of the closo-carborane cage produced the corresponding nido-carboranyl luminophores (nido-OXD1-2 and nido-DPS1-2). Whereas the closo-compounds were poorly emissive in THF (ΦPL < 0.01), the nido-luminophores exhibited an intense fluorescence with good quantum yields (ΦPL = 0.1-0.45). Electrochemical studies showed that while the closo-OXD and -DPS compounds displayed only carborane-centred, quasi-reversible reduction, the nido-compounds exhibited the typical features for nido-carborane-centred, irreversible oxidation and acceptor-centred, reversible reduction. Theoretical studies suggested that while the 1ππ* state of closo-compounds is nonemissive due to the contribution of closo-carborane to the LUMO in the S1 excited state, the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state from the nido-carborane to acceptor moieties in nido-compounds leads to an efficient fluorescence. Finally, THF solutions of closo-OXD1 and -DPS1 showed strong fluorescence upon the addition of fluoride anions under mild heating, but were intact to other anions, including cyanide, allowing the selective OFF-ON fluorescence sensing of fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Nghia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Non-natural lipids: Synthesis and characterization of esters from meta-carborane-1-carboxylic acid. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 210:149-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Suleimen EM, Kazantsev AV, Van Hecke K, Iskakova ZB, Akatan K. Crystal and Molecular Structure, and Cytotoxic Activity of diethyl ether of 2-[(phenyl-(phenyl-o-carboranyl)- methyl]malonic acid. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476618010377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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You DK, Lee JH, Hwang H, Kwon H, Park MH, Lee KM. Deboronation-induced ratiometric emission sensing of fluoride by 1,3,5-tris-(o-carboranyl-methyl)benzene. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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You DK, Lee JH, Choi BH, Hwang H, Lee MH, Lee KM, Park MH. Effects of Multi-Carborane Substitution on the Photophysical and Electron-Accepting Properties of o
-Carboranylbenzene Compounds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyun You
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology; Kangwon National University; 24341 Chuncheon Gangwon Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology; Kangwon National University; 24341 Chuncheon Gangwon Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology; Kangwon National University; 24341 Chuncheon Gangwon Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonseok Hwang
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology; Kangwon National University; 24341 Chuncheon Gangwon Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and EHSRC; University of Ulsan; 44610 Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mun Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology; Kangwon National University; 24341 Chuncheon Gangwon Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hwan Park
- Department of Chemistry Education; Chungbuk National University; 28644 Cheongju Chungbuk Republic of Korea
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19
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Nghia NV, Oh J, Jung J, Lee MH. Deboronation-Induced Turn-on Phosphorescent Sensing of Fluorides by Iridium(III) Cyclometalates with o-Carborane. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Nghia
- Department of Chemistry and
EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Oh
- Department of Chemistry and
EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry and
EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and
EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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20
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Ferrer-Ugalde A, Cabrera-González J, Juárez-Pérez EJ, Teixidor F, Pérez-Inestrosa E, Montenegro JM, Sillanpää R, Haukka M, Núñez R. Carborane–stilbene dyads: the influence of substituents and cluster isomers on photoluminescence properties. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:2091-2104. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A family of stilbene-containing meta- and ortho-carborane derivatives substitute at the second carbon cluster atom are synthesised and their photophysical properties evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ferrer-Ugalde
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Bellaterra
- Spain
| | | | - E. J. Juárez-Pérez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - F. Teixidor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - E. Pérez-Inestrosa
- Universidad de Málaga
- IBIMA
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Spain
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND
| | - J. M. Montenegro
- Universidad de Málaga
- IBIMA
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Spain
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND
| | - R. Sillanpää
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Jyväskylä
- Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - M. Haukka
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Jyväskylä
- Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - R. Núñez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Bellaterra
- Spain
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21
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Nishino K, Morisaki Y, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Electron-donating abilities and luminescence properties of tolane-substituted nido-carboranes. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02438j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The luminescence properties of nido-carborane-substituted tolane derivatives were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nishino
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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22
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Naito H, Nishino K, Morisaki Y, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Solid-State Emission of the Anthracene-o-Carborane Dyad from the Twisted-Intramolecular Charge Transfer in the Crystalline State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:254-259. [PMID: 27911472 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The emission process of the o-carborane dyad with anthracene originating from the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state in the crystalline state is described. The anthracene-o-carborane dyad was synthesized and its optical properties were investigated. Initially, the dyad had aggregation- and crystallization-induced emission enhancement (AIEE and CIEE) properties via the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state. Interestingly, the dyad presented the dual-emissions assigned to both locally excited (LE) and ICT states in solution. From the mechanistic studies and computer calculations, it was indicated that the emission band from the ICT should be attributable to the TICT emission. Surprisingly, even in the crystalline state, the TICT emission was observed. It was proposed from that the compact sphere shape of o-carborane would allow for rotation even in the condensed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Naito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenta Nishino
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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23
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Naito H, Nishino K, Morisaki Y, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Solid‐State Emission of the Anthracene‐
o
‐Carborane Dyad from the Twisted‐Intramolecular Charge Transfer in the Crystalline State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Naito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kenta Nishino
- Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment School of Science and Technology Kwansei Gakuin University 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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24
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Núñez R, Tarrés M, Ferrer-Ugalde A, de Biani FF, Teixidor F. Electrochemistry and Photoluminescence of Icosahedral Carboranes, Boranes, Metallacarboranes, and Their Derivatives. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14307-14378. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Núñez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials
de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Màrius Tarrés
- Institut de Ciència de Materials
de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Ferrer-Ugalde
- Institut de Ciència de Materials
de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabrizia Fabrizi de Biani
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Universita degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials
de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Abstract
In recent times, luminescent materials with tunable emission properties have found applications in almost all aspects of modern material sciences. Any discussion on the recent developments in luminescent materials would be incomplete if one does not account for the versatile photophysical features of boron containing compounds. Apart from triarylboranes and tetra-coordinate borate dyes, luminescent materials consisting of boron clusters have also found immense interest in recent times. Recent studies have unveiled the opportunities hidden within boranes, carboranes and metalloboranes, etc. as active constituents of luminescent materials. From simple illustrations of luminescence, to advanced applications in LASERs, OLEDs and bioimaging, etc., the unique features of such compounds and their promising versatility have already been established. In this review, recent revelations about the excellent photophysical properties of such materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
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26
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Cabrera-González J, Viñas C, Haukka M, Bhattacharyya S, Gierschner J, Núñez R. Photoluminescence in Carborane-Stilbene Triads: A Structural, Spectroscopic, and Computational Study. Chemistry 2016; 22:13588-98. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justo Cabrera-González
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus U.A.B. 08193, Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus U.A.B. 08193, Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry; University of Jyväskylä; FIN-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Santanu Bhattacharyya
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies; IMDEA Nanoscience; Calle Faraday 9, Campus Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Department für Physik; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; 80799 Munich Germany
| | - Johannes Gierschner
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies; IMDEA Nanoscience; Calle Faraday 9, Campus Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Rosario Núñez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus U.A.B. 08193, Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
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27
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Nishino K, Yamamoto H, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Development of Solid-State Emissive Materials Based on Multifunctional o-Carborane–Pyrene Dyads. Org Lett 2016; 18:4064-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nishino
- Department of Polymer Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Department of Polymer Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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28
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Nishino K, Hashimoto K, Tanaka K, Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Synthesis and properties of highly-rigid conjugation system based on bi(benzo[b]thiophene)-fused o-carborane. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Kim Y, Park S, Lee YH, Jung J, Yoo S, Lee MH. Homoleptic Tris-Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes with Substituted o-Carboranes: Green Phosphorescent Emitters for Highly Efficient Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:909-17. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghee Park
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Department
of Chemistry and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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30
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Böhling L, Brockhinke A, Kahlert J, Weber L, Harder RA, Yufit DS, Howard JAK, MacBride JAH, Fox MA. Substituent Effects on the Fluorescence Properties ofortho-Carboranes: Unusual Emission Behaviour inC-(2′-Pyridyl)-ortho-carboranes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Park J, Lee YH, Ryu JY, Lee J, Lee MH. The substituent effect of 2-R-o-carborane on the photophysical properties of iridium(iii) cyclometalates. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5667-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00065g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of heteroleptic iridium(iii) cyclometalates [4-(2-RCB)ppy]2Ir(acac) (R = H, alkyl, aryl) with 2-R-o-carboranes at the 4-position of the ppy ligands are significantly affected by the 2-R substituent on o-carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Park
- Department of Chemistry and EHSRC
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and EHSRC
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 61186
- Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 61186
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and EHSRC
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- Republic of Korea
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32
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Cho YJ, Kim SY, Cho M, Han WS, Son HJ, Cho DW, Kang SO. Aggregation-induced emission of diarylamino-π-carborane triads: effects of charge transfer and π-conjugation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:9702-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07883k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Carborane-based donor–π–acceptor triads bearing triarylamine moieties showed dual emissions, which were assigned as a charge-transfer emission and an aggregation induced emission. The emission properties were affected by two main factors: solvent polarity and solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Jin Cho
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University (Sejong)
- Sejong
- Korea
| | - So-Yoen Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University (Sejong)
- Sejong
- Korea
| | - Minji Cho
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University (Sejong)
- Sejong
- Korea
| | - Won-Sik Han
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul Woman's University (Seoul)
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University (Sejong)
- Sejong
- Korea
| | - Dae Won Cho
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University (Sejong)
- Sejong
- Korea
- Center for Photovoltaic Materials
| | - Sang Ook Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University (Sejong)
- Sejong
- Korea
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33
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Synthesis, characterization, and optoelectronic study of three biaryl-fused closo - o -carboranes and their nido -[C 2 B 9 ] − species. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Cabrera-González J, Xochitiotzi-Flores E, Viñas C, Teixidor F, García-Ortega H, Farfán N, Santillan R, Parella T, Núñez R. High-Boron-Content Porphyrin-Cored Aryl Ether Dendrimers: Controlled Synthesis, Characterization, and Photophysical Properties. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:5021-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justo Cabrera-González
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elba Xochitiotzi-Flores
- Facultad
de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510 México D.F., México
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Héctor García-Ortega
- Facultad
de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510 México D.F., México
| | - Norberto Farfán
- Facultad
de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510 México D.F., México
| | - Rosa Santillan
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, 07000 México D.F., México
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica
Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Núñez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Kwon S, Wee KR, Cho YJ, Kang SO. Carborane dyads for photoinduced electron transfer: photophysical studies on carbazole and phenyl-o-carborane molecular assemblies. Chemistry 2015; 20:5953-60. [PMID: 24805274 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
o-Carborane-based donor-acceptor dyads comprising an o-carboranyl phenyl unit combined with N-carbazole (1) or 4-phenyl-N-carbazole (2) were prepared, and their dyad characters were confirmed by steady-state photochemistry and photodynamic experiments as well as electrochemical studies. The absorption and electrochemical properties of the dyads were essentially the sum of those of the carbazole and o-carboranyl phenyl units; this indicates negligible interaction between the carbazole and o-carborane units in the ground state. However, the emission spectra of 1 and 2 indicated that carbazole fluorescence was effectively quenched and a new charge-transfer (CT) emission was observed in solvents, varying from hexane to acetonitrile, which exhibited large Stoke shifts. The CT emission properties of o-carborane-based dyads were further analyzed by using Lippert-Mataga plots to show that unit charge separation occurred to form a charge-separated species in the excited state, namely, 1⋅2. This excited-state species was confirmed by nanosecond transient absorption spectra and spectroelectrochemical measurements; the photoexcitation of carbazole generated the CT state in which a radical cation and anion were formed at the carbazole and o-carborane units, respectively, within a few nanoseconds. DFT calculations corroborated the presence of this CT species and showed localized populations of the highest singly occupied molecular orbital on 2 in the reduced anionic state. As a result, molecular assemblies formed by linking the carbazole group with the o-carborane cage through a phenylene or multi-phenylene spacer revealed that the photoinduced electron-transfer process occurred intramolecularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonnam Kwon
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong-City 339-700 (South Korea)
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36
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Naito H, Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. o-Carborane-Based Anthracene: A Variety of Emission Behaviors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Naito H, Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. o-Carborane-based anthracene: a variety of emission behaviors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5084-7. [PMID: 25729004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An o-carborane-based anthracene was synthesized, and single crystals, with incorporated solvent molecules, were obtained from the CHCl3 , CH2 Cl2 , and C6 H6 solutions. The anthracene ring in the crystal is highly distorted by the formation of a π-stacked dimer between the anthracene units. The crystals exhibited a variety of emission behaviors such as aggregation-induced emission (AIE), crystallization-induced emission (CIE), aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), and multichromism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Naito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
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38
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Jin GF, Cho YJ, Wee KR, Hong SA, Suh IH, Son HJ, Lee JD, Han WS, Cho DW, Kang SO. BODIPY functionalized o-carborane dyads for low-energy photosensitization. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:2780-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03123g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bodipy-o-carborane dyads undergo a photo-induced electron transfer (PET) process under low energy visible light sensitization and their PET efficiencies are in the 63–71% range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Fan Jin
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University
- Sejong 339-700
- South Korea
| | - Yang-Jin Cho
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University
- Sejong 339-700
- South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ryang Wee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University
- Sejong 339-700
- South Korea
| | - Seong Ahn Hong
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University
- Sejong 339-700
- South Korea
| | - Il-Hwan Suh
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University
- Sejong 339-700
- South Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University
- Sejong 339-700
- South Korea
| | - Jong-Dae Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Chosun University
- Gwangju 501-759
- South Korea
| | - Won-Sik Han
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul Women's University
- Seoul 139-774
- South Korea
| | - Dae Won Cho
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University
- Sejong 339-700
- South Korea
| | - Sang Ook Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University
- Sejong 339-700
- South Korea
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39
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Kim SY, Cho YJ, Jin GF, Han WS, Son HJ, Cho DW, Kang SO. Intriguing emission properties of triphenylamine–carborane systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15679-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01658d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Triphenylamine–carborane systems show three kinds of intriguing emissions that originate from the local excited (LE) state, the twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) state, and the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) state.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yoen Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University (Sejong)
- Sejong
- South Korea
| | - Yang-Jin Cho
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University (Sejong)
- Sejong
- South Korea
| | - Guo Fan Jin
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University (Sejong)
- Sejong
- South Korea
| | - Won-Sik Han
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul Women's University
- Seoul 139-774
- South Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University (Sejong)
- Sejong
- South Korea
| | - Dae Won Cho
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University (Sejong)
- Sejong
- South Korea
- Center for Photovoltaic Materials
| | - Sang Ook Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University (Sejong)
- Sejong
- South Korea
- Center for Photovoltaic Materials
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40
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Lee YH, Park J, Jo SJ, Kim M, Lee J, Lee SU, Lee MH. Manipulation of Phosphorescence Efficiency of Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes by Substitutedo-Carboranes. Chemistry 2014; 21:2052-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Ferrer-Ugalde A, González-Campo A, Viñas C, Rodríguez-Romero J, Santillan R, Farfán N, Sillanpää R, Sousa-Pedrares A, Núñez R, Teixidor F. Fluorescence of new o-carborane compounds with different fluorophores: can it be tuned? Chemistry 2014; 20:9940-51. [PMID: 24976049 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two sets of o-carborane derivatives incorporating fluorene and anthracene fragments as fluorophore groups have been successfully synthesized and characterized, and their photophysical properties studied. The first set, comprising fluorene-containing carboranes 6-9, was prepared by catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions of ethynylfluorene with appropriate carboranylsilanes. The compound 1-[(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene-2-yl)ethynyl]carborane (11) was synthesized by the reaction of 9,9-dioctyl-2-ethynylfluorene and decaborane (B10H14). Furthermore, reactions of the lithium salt of 11 with 1 equivalent of 4-(chloromethyl)styrene or 9-(chloromethyl)anthracene yielded compounds 12 and 13. Members of the second set of derivatives, comprising anthracene-containing carboranes, were synthesized by reactions of monolithium or dilithium salts of 1-Me-1,2-C2B10H11, 1-Ph-1,2-C2B10H11, and 1,2-C2B10H12 with 1 or 2 equivalents of 9-(chloromethyl)anthracene, respectively, to produce compounds 14-16. In addition, 2 equivalents of the monolithium salts of 1-Me-1,2-C2B10H11 (Me-o-carborane) and 1-Ph-1,2-C2B10H11 (Ph-o-carborane) were reacted with 9,10-bis(chloromethyl)anthracene to produce compounds 17 and 18, respectively. Fluorene derivatives 6-9 exhibit moderate fluorescence quantum yields (32-44 %), whereas 11-13, in which the fluorophore is bonded to the Ccluster (Cc), show very low emission intensity (6 %) or complete fluorescence quenching. The anthracenyl derivatives containing the Me-o-carborane moiety exhibit notably high fluorescence emissions, with ϕF = 82 and 94 %, whereas their Ph-o-carborane analogues are not fluorescent at all. For these compounds, we have observed a correlation between the Cc-Cc bond length and the fluorescence intensity in CH2Cl2 solution, comparable to that observed for previously reported styrene-containing carboranes. Thus, our hypothesis is that for systems of this type the fluorescence may be tuned and even predicted by changing the substituent on the adjacent Cc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Ferrer-Ugalde
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus U.A.B., 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona (Spain)
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42
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Crespo O, Dı́az C, O’Dwyer C, Gimeno MC, Laguna A, Ospino I, Valenzuela ML. Luminescent Gold and Silver Complexes with the Monophosphane 1-(PPh2)-2-Me-C2B10H10 and Their Conversion to Gold Micro- and Superstructured Materials. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7260-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5005424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Crespo
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Dı́az
- Departamento de Quı́mica,
Facultad
de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425 Nuñoa, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Colm O’Dwyer
- Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
- Micro & Nanoelectronics Centre, Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
- Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Laguna
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isaura Ospino
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Valenzuela
- Dirección
de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Carlos Antúnez 1920, Santiago, Chile
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43
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Tominaga M, Naito H, Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Colour-tunable aggregation-induced emission of trifunctional o-carborane dyes. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00955j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
o-Carborane compounds showed a dual-emission property (normal emission and AIE), and the emission intensities could be precisely controlled, resulting in colour-tunable emission from blue to orange via white.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tominaga
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Naito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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44
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45
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Bae HJ, Kim H, Lee KM, Kim T, Lee YS, Do Y, Lee MH. Through-space charge transfer and emission color tuning of di-o-carborane substituted benzene. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4978-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52465e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Bae HJ, Chung J, Kim H, Park J, Lee KM, Koh TW, Lee YS, Yoo S, Do Y, Lee MH. Deep Red Phosphorescence of Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes by o-Carborane Substitution. Inorg Chem 2013; 53:128-38. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401755m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Bae
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chung
- Department of Electrical
Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Park
- Department of Chemistry and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, 29 Mugeo-dong, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Koh
- Department of Electrical
Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sup Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- Department of Electrical
Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyu Do
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, 29 Mugeo-dong, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
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47
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Ferrer-Ugalde A, Juárez-Pérez EJ, Teixidor F, Viñas C, Núñez R. Synthesis, characterization, and thermal behavior of carboranyl-styrene decorated octasilsesquioxanes: influence of the carborane clusters on photoluminescence. Chemistry 2013; 19:17021-30. [PMID: 24203584 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) or octasilsesquioxanes with carboranyl-styrene fragments attached to each corner are described. These compounds have been synthesized by olefin-metathesis reactions between octavinylsilsesquioxane and carboranyl-styrene compounds that possess different substituents (Ph, Me, or H). In all cases, these reactions, which were catalyzed by the Grubbs catalyst, are highly regioselective and yield exclusively the E isomers. The existence of the carborane cage in the POSS structure induces a remarkable thermal stability in these compounds. After combustion at 1000 °C, these carboranyl-POSS compounds exhibit a mass loss lower than 10%. The UV/Vis absorption data of these carboranyl-POSS compounds shows a slight bathochromic shift with respect to the carboranyl-styrene monomers, with an absorption maximum around 262 nm. Nevertheless, important differences in the emission spectra of the carboranyl-POSS compounds with regard to their carboranyl-styrene precursors are observed; the phenyl-o-carborane-containing POSS compound exhibits the highest fluorescence intensity (Φ(F)=44%), whereas for the POSS compound bearing the methyl substituent, and for the unsubstituted o-carborane clusters, the fluorescence intensity is much lower (Φ(F)=9 and 2%, respectively). This is precisely the reverse of what occurs with the monomers, in which the unsubstituted o-carboranyl-styrene compound exhibits the highest Φ(F), and a quenching of the fluorescence is observed in the phenyl-o-carboranyl-styrene compound. In addition, a large red shift of around 100 nm is observed for the POSS compounds with respect to their precursors. These experimental results can only be accounted for by the spatial ordering induced by the POSS core that eases interactions, which otherwise would not occur. These results have been confirmed by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations that exclude a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process in the POSS compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Ferrer-Ugalde
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona) (Spain), Fax: (+34) 93-5805729
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48
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Shi C, Sun H, Tang X, Lv W, Yan H, Zhao Q, Wang J, Huang W. Variable Photophysical Properties of Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Triggered bycloso- andnido-Carborane Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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49
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Shi C, Sun H, Tang X, Lv W, Yan H, Zhao Q, Wang J, Huang W. Variable Photophysical Properties of Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Triggered bycloso- andnido-Carborane Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13434-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Weber L, Kahlert J, Brockhinke R, Böhling L, Halama J, Brockhinke A, Stammler HG, Neumann B, Nervi C, Harder RA, Fox MA. C,C'-bis(benzodiazaborolyl)dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes: synthesis, structures, photophysics and electrochemistry. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:10982-96. [PMID: 23793134 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51125a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six new C,C'-bis(benzodiazaborolyl)dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes, 1,A-R2-1,A-C2B10H10, where R represents the group 2-(1,3-Et2-1,3,2-N2BC6H4) or 2-(1,3-Ph2-1,3,2-N2BC6H4) and A is 2, 7 or 12, were synthesized from o-, m-, and p-dicarbadodecaboranes (carboranes) by lithiation and subsequent treatment with the respective 2-bromo-1,3,2-benzodiazaboroles. UV-visible and fluorescence spectra of all carboranes display low energy charge transfer emissions. While such emissions with Stokes shifts between 17,330 and 21,290 cm(-1) are typical for C,C'-bis(aryl)-ortho-carboranes, the observed low-energy emissions with Stokes shifts between 8320 and 15,170 cm(-1) for the meta- and para-isomers are unusual as high-energy emissions are typical for meta- and para-dicarbadodecaboranes. Fluorescence quantum yields (φF) for the novel 1,7- and 1,12-bis(benzodiazaborolyl)-carboranes depend on the substituents at the nitrogen atoms of the heterocycle. Thus, the para-carborane with N-ethyl substituents 1,12-(1',3'-Et2-1',3',2'-N2BC6H4)2-1,12-C2B10H10 has a φF value of 41% in cyclohexane solution and only of 9% in the solid state, whereas the analogous 1,12-(1',3'-Ph2-1',3',2'-N2BC6H4)2-1,12-C2B10H10 shows quantum yields of 3% in cyclohexane solution and 72% in the solid state. X-ray crystallographic, computational and cyclic voltammetry studies for these carboranes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Weber
- Fakultät für Chemie der Universität Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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