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Kumar V, Alam MN, Park SS. Review of Recent Progress on Silicone Rubber Composites for Multifunctional Sensor Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1841. [PMID: 39000697 PMCID: PMC11244113 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The latest progress (the year 2021-2024) on multifunctional sensors based on silicone rubber is reported. These multifunctional sensors are useful for real-time monitoring through relative resistance, relative current change, and relative capacitance types. The present review contains a brief overview and literature survey on the sensors and their multifunctionalities. This contains an introduction to the different functionalities of these sensors. Following the introduction, the survey on the types of filler or rubber and their fabrication are briefly described. The coming section deals with the fabrication methodology of these composites where the sensors are integrated. The special focus on mechanical and electro-mechanical properties is discussed. Electro-mechanical properties with a special focus on response time, linearity, and gauge factor are reported. The next section of this review reports the filler dispersion and its role in influencing the properties and applications of these sensors. Finally, various types of sensors are briefly reported. These sensors are useful for monitoring human body motions, breathing activity, environment or breathing humidity, organic gas sensing, and, finally, smart textiles. Ultimately, the study summarizes the key takeaway from this review article. These conclusions are focused on the merits and demerits of the sensors and are followed by their future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Najib Alam
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Shin Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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2
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Jia Q, Zhao Y. Bioinspired Organic Porous Coupling Agent for Enhancement of Nanoparticle Dispersion and Interfacial Strength. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6403-6413. [PMID: 38261353 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Composite materials have significantly advanced with the integration of inorganic nanoparticles as fillers in polymers. Achieving fine dispersion of these nanoparticles within the composites, however, remains a challenge. This study presents a novel solution inspired by the natural structure of Xanthium. We have developed a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM)-based porous coupling agent, named PCA. PCA's rigid backbone structure enhances interfacial interactions through a unique intermolecular interlocking mechanism. This approach notably improves the dispersion of SiO2 nanoparticles in various organic solvents and low-polarity polymers. Significantly, PCA-modified SiO2 nanoparticles embedded in polyisoprene rubber showed enhanced mechanical properties. The Young's modulus increases to 30.7 MPa, compared to 5.4 MPa in hexadecyltrimethoxysilane-modified nanoparticles. Further analysis shows that PCA-modified composites not only become stiffer but also gain strength and ductility. This research demonstrates a novel biomimetic strategy for enhancing interfacial interactions in composites, potentially leading to stronger, more versatile composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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3
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Alam MN, Kumar V, Jung HS, Park SS. Fabrication of High-Performance Natural Rubber Composites with Enhanced Filler-Rubber Interactions by Stearic Acid-Modified Diatomaceous Earth and Carbon Nanotubes for Mechanical and Energy Harvesting Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3612. [PMID: 37688238 PMCID: PMC10490170 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical robustness and high energy efficiency of composite materials are immensely important in modern stretchable, self-powered electronic devices. However, the availability of these materials and their toxicities are challenging factors. This paper presents the mechanical and energy-harvesting performances of low-cost natural rubber composites made of stearic acid-modified diatomaceous earth (mDE) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The obtained mechanical properties were significantly better than those of unfilled rubber. Compared to pristine diatomaceous earth, mDE has higher reinforcing efficiencies in terms of mechanical properties because of the effective chemical surface modification by stearic acid and enhanced filler-rubber interactions. The addition of a small amount of CNT as a component in the hybrid filler systems not only improves the mechanical properties but also improves the electrical properties of the rubber composites and has electromechanical sensitivity. For example, the fracture toughness of unfilled rubber (9.74 MJ/m3) can be enhanced by approximately 484% in a composite (56.86 MJ/m3) with 40 phr (per hundred grams of rubber) hybrid filler, whereas the composite showed electrical conductivity. At a similar mechanical load, the energy-harvesting efficiency of the composite containing 57 phr mDE and 3 phr CNT hybrid filler was nearly double that of the only 3 phr CNT-containing composite. The higher energy-harvesting efficiency of the mDE-filled conductive composites may be due to their increased dielectric behaviour. Because of their bio-based materials, rubber composites made by mDE can be considered eco-friendly composites for mechanical and energy harvesting applications and suitable electronic health monitoring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sang-Shin Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (M.N.A.); (V.K.); (H.-S.J.)
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4
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Okoli U, Rishi K, Beaucage G, Kammler HK, McGlasson A, Chauby M, Narayanan V, Grammens J, Kuppa VK. Dispersion of modified fumed silica in elastomeric nanocomposites. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Review on Heat Generation of Rubber Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010002. [PMID: 36616353 PMCID: PMC9824789 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubber composites are extensively used in industrial applications for their exceptional elasticity. The fatigue temperature rise occurs during operation, resulting in a serious decline in performance. Reducing heat generation of the composites during cyclic loading will help to avoid substantial overheating that most likely results in the degradation of materials. Herein, we discuss the two main reasons for heat generation, including viscoelasticity and friction. Influencing factors of heat generation are highlighted, including the Payne effect, Mullins effect, interface interaction, crosslink density, bond rubber content, and fillers. Besides, theoretical models to predict the temperature rise are also analyzed. This work provides a promising way to achieve advanced rubber composites with high performance in the future.
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Roy PK, Binks BP, Shoval S, Dombrovsky LA, Bormashenko E. Levitating clusters of fluorinated fumed silica nanoparticles enable manufacture of liquid marbles: Co-occurrence of interfacial, thermal and electrostatic events. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Shukla MS, Hande PE, Chandra S. Porous Silica Support for Immobilizing Chiral Metal Catalyst: Unravelling the Activity of Catalyst on Asymmetric Organic Transformations. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi S. Shukla
- Department of Chemistry Sunandan Divatia School of Science SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, Vile Parle (W) Mumbai 400056 India
| | - Pankaj E. Hande
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Sudeshna Chandra
- Department of Chemistry Sunandan Divatia School of Science SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, Vile Parle (W) Mumbai 400056 India
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8
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Phumnok E, Khongprom P, Ratanawilai S. Preparation of Natural Rubber Composites with High Silica Contents Using a Wet Mixing Process. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8364-8376. [PMID: 35309431 PMCID: PMC8928548 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A wet mixing process is proposed for filled rubber composites with a high silica loading to overcome the drawbacks of high energy consumption and workplace contamination of the conventional dry mixing process. Ball milling was adopted for preparing the silica dispersion because it has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and is a low-cost process that can be easily scaled up for industrial production. The response surface methodology was used to optimize the making of the silica dispersion. The optimum conditions for a well-dispersed silica suspension with the smallest silica particle size of 4.9 mm were an about 22% silica content and 62 h of ball milling. The effects of dry and wet mixing methods on the properties of silica-filled rubber composites were investigated in a broad range of silica levels from low to high loadings. The mixing method choice had little impact on the properties of rubber composites with low silica loadings. The silica-filled rubber demonstrated in this study, however, shows superior characteristics over the rubber composite prepared with conventional dry mixing, particularly with high silica loadings. When compared to silica-filled natural rubbers prepared by dry mixing (dry silica rubber, DSR), the wet mixing (for WSR) produced smaller silica aggregates with better dispersion. Due to the shorter heat history, the WSR exhibits superior curing characteristics such as a longer scorch time (2.2-3.3 min for WSR and 1.0-2.1 min for DSR) and curing time (4.1-4.5 min for WSR and 2.2-3.1 min for DSR). Additionally, the WSR has superior mechanical properties (hardness, modulus, tensile strength, and especially the elongation at break (420-680% for WSR and 360-620% DSR)) over the DSR. The rolling resistance of WSR is lower than that of DSR. However, the reversed trend on the wet skid resistance is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaroek Phumnok
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Parinya Khongprom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
- Air
Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sukritthira Ratanawilai
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
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9
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P.S S, Prasad V, Pahovnik D, Thomas S, Haponiuk JT, George SC. Study the effect of fumed silica on the mechanical, thermal and tribological properties of silicone rubber nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Influence of the Silica Specific Surface Area and Ionic Liquids on the Curing Characteristics and Performance of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Composites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185302. [PMID: 34576519 PMCID: PMC8471480 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present the effect of silica’s specific surface area (180 m2·g−1 and 380 m2·g−1, respectively) on the crosslinking of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) composites, as well as their crosslink density and functional properties, such as thermal stability, damping behavior, resistance to thermo-oxidative aging, and tensile properties. Ionic liquids (ILs) with a bromide anion and different cations, i.e., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (Bmi), 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium (Bmpyr), and 1-butyl-3-methylpiperidinium (Bmpip), were used to enhance the cure characteristics of SBR compounds and the functional properties of SBR vulcanizates. It was proven that apart from the silica’s specific surface area, the filler–polymer and filler–filler physical interactions have a significant impact on the vulcanization kinetics of silica-filled SBR composites. Additionally, the performed studies have shown that ILs positively affected the dispersion of silica’s particles and reduced their ability to form agglomerates in the elastomer matrix, which enhanced the functional properties of the SBR vulcanizates.
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11
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Shukla M, Barick K, Salunke H, Chandra S. Chiral salen - Ni (II) based spherical porous silica as platform for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation reaction and synthesis of potent drug intermediate montekulast. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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12
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Li L, Xu X, Liu L, Song P, Cao Q, Xu Z, Fang Z, Wang H. Water governs the mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol). POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Fang S, Wu S, Huang J, Wang D, Tang Z, Guo B, Zhang L. Notably Improved Dispersion of Carbon Black for High-Performance Natural Rubber Composites via Triazolinedione Click Chemistry. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Fang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Siwu Wu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenghai Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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14
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Ge X, Chu M, Qu L, Zhang J, Li M, Li W, Yao Z. Long-lasting intrinsic polyethylene antifogging films generated by incorporating SiO 2 nanoparticles into covalently grafted antifog agents. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2020.1796493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingshi Ge
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Lihang Qu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Jianfu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Meiyuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Wenfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, P.R. China
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Zhanhai Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
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15
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Ngeow YW, Williams DR, Chapman AV, Heng JYY. Surface Energy Mapping of Modified Silica Using IGC Technique at Finite Dilution. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10266-10275. [PMID: 32426583 PMCID: PMC7226851 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The reinforcing silica filler, which can be more than 40% of an elastomer composite, plays a key role to achieve the desired mechanical properties in elastomer vulcanizates. However, the highly hydrophilic nature of silica surface causes silica particle aggregation. It remained a challenge for many tire manufacturers when using silica-filled elastomer compounds. Here, the silica surface energy changes when the surface is modified with coupling or noncoupling silanes; coupling silanes can covalently bond the silica to the elastomers. The surface energy of silica was determined using inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at finite dilution (FD-IGC) and found to be reduced by up to 50% when the silica surface was silanized. The spatial distribution of silica aggregates within the tire matrix is determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a direct correlation between aggregate size (silica microdispersion) and work of cohesion from IGC is reported, highlighting surface energy and work of cohesion being excellent indicators of the degree of dispersion of silica aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Wan Ngeow
- Technology
and Engineering Division, Malaysian Rubber
Board, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Daryl R. Williams
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew V. Chapman
- Tun
Abdul Razak Research Centre, Brickendonbury, Hertford SG13 8NL, United Kingdom
| | - Jerry Y. Y. Heng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Han T, Nagarajan S, Zhao H, Sun C, Wen S, Zhao S, Zhao S, Zhang L. Novel reinforcement behavior in nanofilled natural rubber (NR) / butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber (NBR) blends: Filling-polymer network and supernanosphere. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Weng P, Tang Z, Huang J, Wu S, Guo B. Promoted dispersion of silica and interfacial strength in rubber/silica composites by grafting with oniums. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peijin Weng
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghai Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Siwu Wu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
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Khabiri M, Jafari SH, Pourhossainy MR, Khonakdar HA. Alteration of matrix curing characteristics and its role in extension of hydrodynamic equation for predicting viscoelastic properties of nitrile rubber/silica nanocomposites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khabiri
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering; University of Tehran; PO Box 11155-4563 Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Jafari
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering; University of Tehran; PO Box 11155-4563 Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Pourhossainy
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Processes; Malek Ashtar University of Technology; PO Box 15875-1774 Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Department of Polymer Processing; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute; Tehran 14965-115 Iran
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Shahidi K, Rodrigue D. Gas transport and mechanical properties of PDMS-TFS/LDPE nanocomposite membranes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Vaikuntam SR, Stöckelhuber KW, Subramani Bhagavatheswaran E, Wießner S, Scheler U, Saalwächter K, Formanek P, Heinrich G, Das A. Entrapped Styrene Butadiene Polymer Chains by Sol-Gel-Derived Silica Nanoparticles with Hierarchical Raspberry Structures. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2010-2022. [PMID: 29350918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b11792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A sol-gel transformation of liquid silica precursor to solid silica particles was carried out in a one-pot synthesis way, where a solution of styrene butadiene elastomer was present. The composites, thus produced, offered remarkable improvements of mechanical and dynamic mechanical performances compared to precipitated silica. The morphological analysis reveals that the alkoxy-based silica particles resemble a raspberry structure when the synthesis of the silica was carried out in the presence of polymer molecules and represent a much more open silica-network structure. However, in the absence of the polymer, the morphology of the silica particles is found to be different. It is envisaged that the special morphology of the in situ synthesized silica particles contributes to the superior reinforcement effects, which are associated with a strong silica-rubber interaction by rubber chains trapped inside the raspberry-like silica aggregates. Therefore, the interfaces are characterized in detail by low-field solid-state 1H NMR spectroscopy, 29Si solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Low-field 1H NMR-based double-quantum experiments provide a quantitative information about the cross-link density of the silica-filled rubber composites and about the influence of silane coupling agent on the chemical cross-link density of the network and correlates well with equilibrium swelling measurements. The special microstructure of the alkoxy-based silica was found to be associated with the interaction between alkoxy-based silica and rubber chains as a consequence of particle growth in the presence of rubber chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Raman Vaikuntam
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung , Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.,Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Eshwaran Subramani Bhagavatheswaran
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung , Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.,Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Wießner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung , Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.,Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Scheler
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung , Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Petr Formanek
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung , Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gert Heinrich
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung , Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.,Institut für Textilmaschinen und Textile Hochleistungswerkstofftechnik, Technische Universität Dresden , D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Amit Das
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung , Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.,Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 16, 33101 Tampere, Finland
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Wu S, Zhang L, Weng P, Yang Z, Tang Z, Guo B. Correlating synergistic reinforcement with chain motion in elastomer/nanocarbon hybrids composites. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6893-6901. [PMID: 27387393 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01116k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The strategy of using hybrid fillers with different geometric shapes and aspect ratios has been established to be an efficient way to achieve high-performance polymer composites. While, in spite of the recently renowned advances in this field, the mechanism of synergistic behavior in the system is still unclear and equivocal. In this study, we systematically investigated the mechanism for the synergistic reinforcement in an elastomer reinforced by nanocarbon hybrids consisting of 2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The improved dispersion state of hybrid filler was attested by Raman, UV-Vis spectra and morphological observations. In addition to the phenomenological evidences, we substantiated a stronger confinement effect of hybrid network on chain dynamics, for the first time, with molecular concepts by dielectric relaxation analysis. The formation of a glassy interphase with orders of magnitude slower chain dynamics than that for bulk chains has been explicitly demonstrated in the hybrid system. Besides improved dispersion upon hybridization, it is believed the formation of a glassy interphase is another crucial factor in governing the synergistic reinforcement capability of hybrid composites. We envision this new finding provides significant insight into the mechanism of synergistic behavior in hybrid-filled polymer composites with molecular concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwu Wu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Peijin Weng
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenghai Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
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22
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Boochathum P, Rongtongaram N. Influence of chloroacetate group on physical properties of natural rubber and its interaction with fillers. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ploenpit Boochathum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; King Mongkut's University of Technology; Thonburi, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140 Thailand
| | - Natee Rongtongaram
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; King Mongkut's University of Technology; Thonburi, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140 Thailand
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23
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Tang Z, Huang J, Wu X, Guo B, Zhang L, Liu F. Interface Engineering toward Promoting Silanization by Ionic Liquid for High-Performance Rubber/Silica Composites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghai Tang
- Department
of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department
of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department
of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department
of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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24
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Ejenstam L, Swerin A, Claesson PM. Toward Superhydrophobic Polydimethylsiloxane−Silica Particle Coatings. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2015.1101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Li Z, Sun C, Li X, Zhang Q, Fu Q. In situ formation of polypropylene (PP) fibrils in the olefinic block copolymer (OBC): effect of viscosity ratio and OBC block architecture. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The universality of MFC concept is proven by using different PP to modify OBC with variable structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Chengxiao Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
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26
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Wang X, Wu Y, Li Q, Chan TW, Zhang L, Wu S. Prediction of the stress relaxation property of diene rubber composites by artificial neural network approaches. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10485h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An artificial neural network was established to predict the stress relaxation property of diene rubber composites during ozone aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Youping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Qiangguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Tung W. Chan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Sizhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
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27
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Malmierca MA, González-Jiménez A, Mora-Barrantes I, Posadas P, Rodríguez A, Ibarra L, Nogales A, Saalwächter K, Valentín JL. Characterization of Network Structure and Chain Dynamics of Elastomeric Ionomers by Means of 1H Low-Field NMR. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501208g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Malmierca
- Instituto de Ciencia
y Tecnología de Polímeros (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. González-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencia
y Tecnología de Polímeros (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Mora-Barrantes
- Instituto de Ciencia
y Tecnología de Polímeros (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Posadas
- Instituto de Ciencia
y Tecnología de Polímeros (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencia
y Tecnología de Polímeros (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Ibarra
- Instituto de Ciencia
y Tecnología de Polímeros (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Nogales
- Instituto de Estructura
de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, C/Serrano
121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - K. Saalwächter
- Institut
für Physik − NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse
7, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - J. L. Valentín
- Instituto de Ciencia
y Tecnología de Polímeros (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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28
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Ali ME, Rahman MM, Sarkar SM, Hamid SBA. Heterogeneous Metal Catalysts for Oxidation Reactions. JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS 2014; 2014:1-23. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/192038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation reactions may be considered as the heart of chemical synthesis. However, the indiscriminate uses of harsh and corrosive chemicals in this endeavor are threating to the ecosystems, public health, and terrestrial, aquatic, and aerial flora and fauna. Heterogeneous catalysts with various supports are brought to the spotlight because of their excellent capabilities to accelerate the rate of chemical reactions with low cost. They also minimize the use of chemicals in industries and thus are friendly and green to the environment. However, heterogeneous oxidation catalysis are not comprehensively presented in literature. In this short review, we clearly depicted the current state of catalytic oxidation reactions in chemical industries with specific emphasis on heterogeneous catalysts. We outlined here both the synthesis and applications of important oxidation catalysts. We believe it would serve as a reference guide for the selection of oxidation catalysts for both industries and academics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Eaqub Ali
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NanoCat), Universiti of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md. Motiar Rahman
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NanoCat), Universiti of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shaheen M. Sarkar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NanoCat), Universiti of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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29
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Lee JY, Lee T, Kim K, Kim B, Kwag G, Kim JY, Ji S, Kim W, Paik HJ. Poly(styrene-r
-butadiene)-b
-poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) as a silica dispersant in rubber compounds. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-yeop Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
- Kumho Petrochemical R&BD Center; Daejeon 305-348 Korea
| | - Taeheon Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
| | - Byunghee Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
| | | | - Jae-yun Kim
- Kumho Petrochemical R&BD Center; Daejeon 305-348 Korea
| | - Sangchul Ji
- Kumho Petrochemical R&BD Center; Daejeon 305-348 Korea
| | - Wonho Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
| | - Hyun-jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
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30
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31
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Wahba L, D'Arienzo M, Donetti R, Hanel T, Scotti R, Tadiello L, Morazzoni F. In situ sol–gel obtained silica–rubber nanocomposites: influence of the filler precursors on the improvement of the mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22706e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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32
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Mora-Barrantes I, Valentín JL, Rodríguez A, Quijada-Garrido I, Paris R. Poly(styrene)/silica hybrid nanoparticles prepared viaATRP as high-quality fillers in elastomeric composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14295j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Qiao B, Zhao X, Yue D, Zhang L, Wu S. A combined experiment and molecular dynamics simulation study of hydrogen bonds and free volume in nitrile-butadiene rubber/hindered phenol damping mixtures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31716h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Mora-Barrantes I, Ibarra L, Rodríguez A, González L, Valentín JL. Elastomer composites based on improved fumed silica and carbon black. Advantages of mixed reinforcing systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12106e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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