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Inkjet-Printed Phospholipid Bilayers on Titanium Oxide Surfaces: Towards Functional Membrane Biointerfaces. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040361. [PMID: 35448333 PMCID: PMC9030265 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional biointerfaces hold broad significance for designing cell-responsive medical implants and sensor devices. Solid-supported phospholipid bilayers are a promising class of biological materials to build bioinspired thin-film coatings, as they can facilitate interactions with cell membranes. However, it remains challenging to fabricate lipid bilayers on medically relevant materials such as titanium oxide surfaces. There are also limitations in existing bilayer printing capabilities since most approaches are restricted to either deposition alone or to fixed microarray patterning. By combining advances in lipid surface chemistry and on-demand inkjet printing, we demonstrate the direct deposition and patterning of covalently tethered lipid bilayer membranes on titanium oxide surfaces, in ambient conditions and without any surface pretreatment process. The deposition conditions were evaluated by quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D) measurements, with corresponding resonance frequency (Δf) and energy dissipation (ΔD) shifts of around −25 Hz and <1 × 10−6, respectively, that indicated successful bilayer printing. The resulting printed phospholipid bilayers are stable in air and do not collapse following dehydration; through rehydration, the bilayers regain their functional properties, such as lateral mobility (>1 µm2/s diffusion coefficient), according to fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements. By taking advantage of the lipid bilayer patterned architectures and the unique features of titanium oxide’s photoactivity, we further show how patterned cell culture arrays can be fabricated. Looking forward, this work presents new capabilities to achieve stable lipid bilayer patterns that can potentially be translated into implantable biomedical devices.
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2
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Paracini N, Schneck E, Imberty A, Micciulla S. Lipopolysaccharides at Solid and Liquid Interfaces: Models for Biophysical Studies of the Gram-negative Bacterial Outer Membrane. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 301:102603. [PMID: 35093846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are a constitutive element of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria, representing the main lipid in the external leaflet of their outer membrane (OM) lipid bilayer. These unique surface-exposed glycolipids play a central role in the interactions of Gram-negative organisms with their surrounding environment and represent a key element for protection against antimicrobials and the development of antibiotic resistance. The biophysical investigation of a wide range of different types of in vitro model membranes containing reconstituted LPS has revealed functional and structural properties of these peculiar membrane lipids, providing molecular-level details of their interaction with antimicrobial compounds. LPS assemblies reconstituted at interfaces represent a versatile tool to study the properties of the Gram-negative OM by exploiting several surface-sensitive techniques, in particular X-ray and neutron scattering, which can probe the structure of thin films with sub-nanometer resolution. This review provides an overview of different approaches employed to investigate structural and biophysical properties of LPS, focusing on studies on Langmuir monolayers of LPS at the air/liquid interface and a range of supported LPS-containing model membranes reconstituted at solid/liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuel Schneck
- Physics Departent, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anne Imberty
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, France
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3
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Savenko M, Rivel T, Yesylevskyy S, Ramseyer C. Influence of Substrate Hydrophilicity on Structural Properties of Supported Lipid Systems on Graphene, Graphene Oxides, and Silica. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8060-8074. [PMID: 34284579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pristine graphene, a range of graphene oxides, and silica substrates were used to investigate the effect of surface hydrophilicity on supported lipid bilayers by means of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Supported 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine lipid bilayers were found in close-contact conformations with hydrophilic substrates with as low as 5% oxidation level, while self-assembled monolayers occur on pure hydrophobic graphene only. Lipids and water at the surface undergo large redistribution to maintain the stability of the supported bilayers. Deposition of bicelles on increasingly hydrophilic substrates shows the continuous process of reshaping of the supported system and makes intermediate stages between self-assembled monolayers and supported bilayers. The bilayer thickness changes with hydrophilicity in a complex manner, while the number of water molecules per lipid in the hydration layer increases together with hydrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Savenko
- Laboratoire Chrono Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Timothée Rivel
- Laboratoire Chrono Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Semen Yesylevskyy
- Laboratoire Chrono Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France.,Department of Physics of Biological Systems, Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauky 46, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Christophe Ramseyer
- Laboratoire Chrono Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
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Mazur F, Bally M, Städler B, Chandrawati R. Liposomes and lipid bilayers in biosensors. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 249:88-99. [PMID: 28602208 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors for the rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of analytes play a vital role in healthcare, drug discovery, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Although a number of sensing concepts and devices have been developed, many longstanding challenges to obtain inexpensive, easy-to-use, and reliable sensor platforms remain largely unmet. Nanomaterials offer exciting possibilities for enhancing the assay sensitivity and for lowering the detection limits down to single-molecule resolution. In this review, we present an overview of liposomes and lipid bilayers in biosensing applications. Lipid assemblies in the form of spherical liposomes or two-dimensional planar membranes have been widely used in the design of biosensing assays; in particular, we highlight a number of recent promising developments of biosensors based on liposomes in suspension, liposome arrays, and lipid bilayers arrays. Assay sensitivity and specificity are discussed, advantages and drawbacks are reviewed, and possible further developments are outlined.
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Zhu Y, Moran-Mirabal J. Micropatterning of Phase-Segregated Supported Lipid Bilayers and Binary Lipid Phases through Polymer Stencil Lift-Off. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:11021-11028. [PMID: 27700106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) provide an excellent model system for studying structural and functional characteristics of biomembranes. Patterning model membranes on solid supports has elicited much interest because lipid bilayer arrays at cellular or subcellular scales provide attractive platforms for reconstituting tissue-like conditions for cell culture, and for creating simplified physiological environments to study biological processes. Phase-segregated SLB patterns can be especially useful for such studies, as the selective functionalization of the lipid phases with different lipids, receptors, or proteins can be achieved to mimic the key features of plasma membrane. However, it remains challenging to pattern phase-segregated lipid bilayers and to spatially control the lipid phases at the micron scale. Current methods to achieve this involve multiple surface modification and patterning steps, elaborate techniques such as microfluidic, microcontact printing, or electrochemical control, among others. To overcome the complexity in producing phase-segregated patterns, we have developed simple and rapid strategies to pattern SLBs with phase separation utilizing the polymer stencil lift-off (PSLO) technique. PSLO is a powerful technique for SLB patterning, since it allows the faithful pattern transfer of micron-sized lipid domains onto solid surfaces under aqueous conditions, which eliminates the need for controlled humidity and reduces the risk of bilayer disruption through drying. By integrating postetching substrate cleaning and a blocking treatment, well-defined homogeneous and phase-segregated SLB patterns were achieved with lipid mobility that matches that of SLBs formed on clean SiO2 wafer substrates. A two-step incubation method was also developed for patterning binary lipid phases, which allowed precise control of their position and geometries. The created phase-segregated SLB patterns were used to study lipid phase behavior within confined areas, and quantitative analysis showed that smaller pattern sizes resulted in smaller gel phase domains, which also covered a smaller fraction of the total patterned SLB area. This was attributed to the decreased mobility of the bottom leaflet of the SLB, which lies in close proximity to the substrate, and the resulting hindered exchange of lipid molecules between the bottom and upper leaflets through the SLB boundary. By further integration with functional groups, the phase-segregated lipid bilayer patterns might find relevant application in tissue engineering, biophysical studies of biomolecular and cellular interactions, and biosensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Jose Moran-Mirabal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L8, Canada
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van Weerd J, Karperien M, Jonkheijm P. Supported Lipid Bilayers for the Generation of Dynamic Cell-Material Interfaces. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2743-79. [PMID: 26573989 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Supported lipid bilayers (SLB) offer unique possibilities for studying cellular membranes and have been used as a synthetic architecture to interact with cells. Here, the state-of-the-art in SLB-based technology is presented. The fabrication, analysis, characteristics and modification of SLBs are described in great detail. Numerous strategies to form SLBs on different substrates, and the means to patteren them, are described. The use of SLBs as model membranes for the study of membrane organization and membrane processes in vitro is highlighted. In addition, the use of SLBs as a substratum for cell analysis is presented, with discrimination between cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicry. The study is concluded with a discussion of the potential for in vivo applications of SLBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper van Weerd
- Bioinspired Molecular Engineering; University of Twente; PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- Dept. of Developmental BioEngineering; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+; University of Twente; Enschede 7500 AE The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Dept. of Developmental BioEngineering; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- Bioinspired Molecular Engineering; University of Twente; PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+; University of Twente; Enschede 7500 AE The Netherlands
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Hinman SS, Ruiz CJ, Drakakaki G, Wilkop TE, Cheng Q. On-Demand Formation of Supported Lipid Membrane Arrays by Trehalose-Assisted Vesicle Delivery for SPR Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:17122-30. [PMID: 26193345 PMCID: PMC5412510 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of large-scale, solid-supported lipid bilayer (SLB) arrays has traditionally been an arduous and complex task, primarily due to the need to maintain SLBs within an aqueous environment. In this work, we demonstrate the use of trehalose vitrified phospholipid vesicles that facilitate on-demand generation of microarrays, allowing each element a unique composition, for the label-free and high-throughput analysis of biomolecular interactions by SPR imaging (SPRi). Small, unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) are suspended in trehalose, deposited in a spatially defined manner, with the trehalose vitrifying on either hydrophilic or hydrophobic SPR substrates. SLBs are subsequently spontaneously formed on-demand simply by in situ hydration of the array in the SPR instrument flow cell. The resulting SLBs exhibit high lateral mobility, characteristic of fluidic cellular lipid membranes, and preserve the biological function of embedded cell membrane receptors, as indicated by SPR affinity measurements. Independent fluorescence and SPR imaging studies show that the individual SLBs stay localized at the area of deposition, without any encapsulating matrix, confining coral, or boundaries. The introduced methodology allows individually addressable SLB arrays to be analyzed with excellent label-free sensitivity in a real-time, high-throughput manner. Various protein-ganglioside interactions have been selected as a model system to illustrate discrimination of strong and weak binding responses in SPRi sensorgrams. This methodology has been applied toward generating hybrid bilayer membranes on hydrophobic SPR substrates, demonstrating its versatility toward a range of surfaces and membrane geometries. The stability of the fabricated arrays, over medium to long storage periods, was evaluated and found to be good. The highly efficient and easily scalable nature of the method has the potential to be applied to a variety of label-free sensing platforms requiring lipid membranes for high-throughput analysis of their properties and constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Hinman
- Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Charles J. Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Georgia Drakakaki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Thomas E. Wilkop
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Quan Cheng
- Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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8
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Abstract
Scale reduction of chemical reactions enables novel screening and synthesis approaches that facilitate a highly parallelized and combinatorial exploration of chemical space. Droplet-based microfluidics have evolved as a powerful platform to allow many chemical reactions within small volumes that each can be controlled and manipulated. A significant technical challenge is the ability to change the concentration of reactants inside a droplet. Here we describe a strategy that relies on the use of reactants that are soluble in both oil and water and allow a passive, diffusive exchange of reactants between the oil and aqueous phases to externally control composition of the droplets. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach by externally changing the pH inside microdroplets without the need for physical manipulation or droplet merging.
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9
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The application of glycosphingolipid arrays to autoantibody detection in neuroimmunological disorders. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 18:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Wilkop TE, Sanborn J, Oliver AE, Hanson JM, Parikh AN. On-Demand Self-Assembly of Supported Membranes Using Sacrificial, Anhydrobiotic Sugar Coats. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:60-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja410866w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Wilkop
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, 95616 United States
| | - Jeremy Sanborn
- Applied
Science Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, 95616 United States
| | - Ann E. Oliver
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, 95616 United States
| | - Joshua M. Hanson
- Biophysics
Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, 95616 United States
| | - Atul N. Parikh
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, 95616 United States
- Applied
Science Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, 95616 United States
- Biophysics
Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, 95616 United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California, 95616 United States
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11
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Ainla A, Gözen I, Hakonen B, Jesorka A. Lab on a Biomembrane: rapid prototyping and manipulation of 2D fluidic lipid bilayers circuits. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2743. [PMID: 24067786 PMCID: PMC3783038 DOI: 10.1038/srep02743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid bilayer membranes are among the most ubiquitous structures in the living world, with intricate structural features and a multitude of biological functions. It is attractive to recreate these structures in the laboratory, as this allows mimicking and studying the properties of biomembranes and their constituents, and to specifically exploit the intrinsic two-dimensional fluidity. Even though diverse strategies for membrane fabrication have been reported, the development of related applications and technologies has been hindered by the unavailability of both versatile and simple methods. Here we report a rapid prototyping technology for two-dimensional fluidic devices, based on in-situ generated circuits of phospholipid films. In this "lab on a molecularly thin membrane", various chemical and physical operations, such as writing, erasing, functionalization, and molecular transport, can be applied to user-defined regions of a membrane circuit. This concept is an enabling technology for research on molecular membranes and their technological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alar Ainla
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Irep Gözen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
- Current address: Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women′s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bodil Hakonen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Aldo Jesorka
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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Prakash R, Kaler KV. Liquid dielectrophoresis dispensing of vesicles for on-chip nucleic acid isolation and detection. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Chen X, Shojaei-Zadeh S, Gilchrist ML, Maldarelli C. A lipobead microarray assembled by particle entrapment in a microfluidic obstacle course and used for the display of cell membrane receptors. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3041-3060. [PMID: 23748734 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50083g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Platforms which can display cell membrane ligands and receptors as a microarray library of probes for screening against a target are essential tools in drug discovery, biomarker identification, and pathogen detection. Membrane receptors and ligands require their native bilayer environment to retain their selectivity and binding affinity, and this complicates displaying them in a microarray platform. In this study, a design is developed in which the probes are first incorporated in supported lipid bilayers formed around micron-sized particles (lipobeads), and the microbeads themselves are then arrayed on a surface by hydrodynamic capture in a microfluidic obstacle course of traps. The traps are "V" shaped open enclosures, which are arranged in a wide channel of a microfluidic device, and capture the lipobeads (slightly smaller than the channel height) as they are streamed through the course. Screening assays are undertaken directly in the device after assembly, by streaming a fluorescently labeled target through the device and detecting the bead fluorescence. Conditions are first established for which the supported bilayers on the bead surface remain intact during the capture and assay steps, using fluorescent tags in the bilayer to infer bilayer integrity. Numerical calculations of the hydrodynamic drag coefficient on the entrapped beads are presented in conjunction with the stability experiments to develop criteria for the bilayer stability as a function of the screening assay perfusion rate. Simulations of the flow streamlines are also presented to quantify the trapping efficiency of the obstacle course. Screening assays are illustrated, assaying fluorescently labeled NeutrAvidin with biotin, and labeled cholera toxin with its ganglioside binding ligand, GM1. Sequential capturing of sets of lipobeads (one at a time, and with each set bearing a different probe), followed by indexing the bead positions after each set is entrapped, allows for the construction of an indexed array of multiple probes without the need for particle encoding and is illustrated using the NeutrAvidin-biotin pair. Finally, the lipobead platform is used for quantitatively measuring the kinetic rate constants for the binding of a probe (biotin) to a target (NeutrAvidin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Chen
- Levich Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
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14
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Yamada M, Imaishi H, Morigaki K. Microarrays of phospholipid bilayers generated by inkjet printing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6404-8. [PMID: 23627772 DOI: 10.1021/la400570h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report an efficient and reproducible method to generate a microarray of model biological membranes on a solid substrate by applying the inkjet printing technology. Although inkjet printing is currently widely used for industrial fabrication processes, including biological materials, printing lipid membranes remains technically challenging due to the hydrophobic nature of droplets and instability of the lipid bilayer structure against dehydration. In the present study, we printed lipids onto a glass substrate covered with a micropatterned membrane of a polymeric phospholipid bilayer. Polymeric bilayers were formed by the lithographic photopolymerization of a diacetylene-containing phospholipid, 1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DiynePC). After removal of nonpolymerized DiynePC with a detergent solution, natural lipid membranes were incorporated into the polymer-free regions (corrals) by using an electric-field-based inkjet printing device that can eject subfemtoliter volume droplets. To avoid rapid dehydration and destabilization, we preprinted an aqueous solution containing agarose and trehalose onto the corrals and subsequently printed lipid suspensions ("two-step-printing method"). After rinsing, stable lipid bilayer membranes were formed in the corrals. The bilayers were continuous and fluid as confirmed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. We could introduce multiple bilayer patches having different lipid compositions into the neighboring corrals. The present results demonstrate that the combination of a patterned polymeric bilayer and inkjet printing technology enables efficient, reliable, and scalable generation of the model membrane microarrays having varied compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Yamada
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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15
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Abstract
Lipid bilayer membranes found in nature are heterogeneous mixtures of lipids and proteins. Model systems, such as supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), are often employed to simplify experimental systems while mimicking the properties of natural lipid bilayers. Here, we demonstrate a new method to form SLB arrays by first forming spherical supported lipid bilayers (SSLBs) on submicrometer-diameter SiO(2) beads. The SSLBs are then arrayed into microwells using a simple physical assembly method that requires no chemical modification of the substrate nor modification of the lipid membrane with recognition moieties. The resulting arrays have submicrometer SSLBs with 3 μm periodicity where >75% of the microwells are occupied by an individual SSLB. Because the arrays have high density, fluorescence from >1000 discrete SSLBs can be acquired with a single image capture. We show that 2-component random arrays can be formed, and we also use the arrays to determine the equilibrium dissociation constant for cholera toxin binding to ganglioside GM1. SSLB arrays are robust and are stable for at least one week in buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Wittenberg
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Biosensing, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Timothy W. Johnson
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Biosensing, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Biosensing, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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16
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Masters T, Engl W, Weng ZL, Arasi B, Gauthier N, Viasnoff V. Easy fabrication of thin membranes with through holes. Application to protein patterning. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44261. [PMID: 22952944 PMCID: PMC3432078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Since protein patterning on 2D surfaces has emerged as an important tool in cell biology, the development of easy patterning methods has gained importance in biology labs. In this paper we present a simple, rapid and reliable technique to fabricate thin layers of UV curable polymer with through holes. These membranes are as easy to fabricate as microcontact printing stamps and can be readily used for stencil patterning. We show how this microfabrication scheme allows highly reproducible and highly homogeneous protein patterning with micron sized resolution on surfaces as large as 10 cm(2). Using these stencils, fragile proteins were patterned without loss of function in a fully hydrated state. We further demonstrate how intricate patterns of multiple proteins can be achieved by stacking the stencil membranes. We termed this approach microserigraphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Masters
- MechanoBiology Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wilfried Engl
- MechanoBiology Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhe L. Weng
- MechanoBiology Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bakya Arasi
- MechanoBiology Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nils Gauthier
- MechanoBiology Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Virgile Viasnoff
- MechanoBiology Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- CNRS, ESPCI Paristech, Paris, France
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