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Russo M, Cejas CM, Pitingolo G. Advances in microfluidic 3D cell culture for preclinical drug development. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 187:163-204. [PMID: 35094774 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug development is often a very long, costly, and risky process due to the lack of reliability in the preclinical studies. Traditional current preclinical models, mostly based on 2D cell culture and animal testing, are not full representatives of the complex in vivo microenvironments and often fail. In order to reduce the enormous costs, both financial and general well-being, a more predictive preclinical model is needed. In this chapter, we review recent advances in microfluidic 3D cell culture showing how its development has allowed the introduction of in vitro microphysiological systems, laying the foundation for organ-on-a-chip technology. These findings provide the basis for numerous preclinical drug discovery assays, which raise the possibility of using micro-engineered systems as emerging alternatives to traditional models, based on 2D cell culture and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Russo
- Microfluidics, MEMS, Nanostructures (MMN), CNRS UMR 8231, Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes (IPGG) ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris France.
| | - Cesare M Cejas
- Microfluidics, MEMS, Nanostructures (MMN), CNRS UMR 8231, Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes (IPGG) ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris France
| | - Gabriele Pitingolo
- Bioassays, Microsystems and Optical Engineering Unit, BIOASTER, Paris France
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2
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Yang L, Pijuan-Galito S, Rho HS, Vasilevich AS, Eren AD, Ge L, Habibović P, Alexander MR, de Boer J, Carlier A, van Rijn P, Zhou Q. High-Throughput Methods in the Discovery and Study of Biomaterials and Materiobiology. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4561-4677. [PMID: 33705116 PMCID: PMC8154331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex interaction of cells with biomaterials (i.e., materiobiology) plays an increasingly pivotal role in the development of novel implants, biomedical devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds to treat diseases, aid in the restoration of bodily functions, construct healthy tissues, or regenerate diseased ones. However, the conventional approaches are incapable of screening the huge amount of potential material parameter combinations to identify the optimal cell responses and involve a combination of serendipity and many series of trial-and-error experiments. For advanced tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, highly efficient and complex bioanalysis platforms are expected to explore the complex interaction of cells with biomaterials using combinatorial approaches that offer desired complex microenvironments during healing, development, and homeostasis. In this review, we first introduce materiobiology and its high-throughput screening (HTS). Then we present an in-depth of the recent progress of 2D/3D HTS platforms (i.e., gradient and microarray) in the principle, preparation, screening for materiobiology, and combination with other advanced technologies. The Compendium for Biomaterial Transcriptomics and high content imaging, computational simulations, and their translation toward commercial and clinical uses are highlighted. In the final section, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed. High-throughput experimentation within the field of materiobiology enables the elucidation of the relationships between biomaterial properties and biological behavior and thereby serves as a potential tool for accelerating the development of high-performance biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Pijuan-Galito
- School
of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Hoon Suk Rho
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei S. Vasilevich
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Dede Eren
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Ge
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- School
of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department
of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Institute
for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated
Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266003, China
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3
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Podbiel D, Laermer F, Zengerle R, Hoffmann J. Fusing MEMS technology with lab-on-chip: nanoliter-scale silicon microcavity arrays for digital DNA quantification and multiplex testing. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:82. [PMID: 34567692 PMCID: PMC8433415 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of a microfluidic multiplexing technology for highly parallelized sample analysis via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in an array of 96 nanoliter-scale microcavities made from silicon. This PCR array technology features fully automatable aliquoting microfluidics, a robust sample compartmentalization up to temperatures of 95 °C, and an application-specific prestorage of reagents within the 25 nl microcavities. The here presented hybrid silicon-polymer microfluidic chip allows both a rapid thermal cycling of the liquid compartments and a real-time fluorescence read-out for a tracking of the individual amplification reactions taking place inside the microcavities. We demonstrate that the technology provides very low reagent carryover of prestored reagents < 6 × 10-2 and a cross talk rate < 1 × 10-3 per PCR cycle, which facilitate a multi-targeted sample analysis via geometric multiplexing. Furthermore, we apply this PCR array technology to introduce a novel digital PCR-based DNA quantification method: by taking the assay-specific amplification characteristics like the limit of detection into account, the method allows for an absolute gene target quantification by means of a statistical analysis of the amplification results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Podbiel
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Sector Research, Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, Robert-Bosch-Campus 1, 71272 Renningen, Germany
| | - Franz Laermer
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Sector Research, Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, Robert-Bosch-Campus 1, 71272 Renningen, Germany
| | - Roland Zengerle
- IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Hoffmann
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Sector Research, Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, Robert-Bosch-Campus 1, 71272 Renningen, Germany
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4
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Ryu B, Chen J, Kurabayashi K, Liang X, Park Y. Integrated on-site collection and detection of airborne microparticles for smartphone-based micro-climate quality control. Analyst 2020; 145:6283-6290. [PMID: 32945327 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01147a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of air-mediated diseases in a micro-climate demands on-site monitoring of airborne microparticles. The on-site detection of airborne microparticles becomes more challenging as the particles are highly localized and change dynamically over time. However, most existing monitoring systems rely on time-consuming sample collection and centralized off-site analysis. Here, we report a smartphone-based integrated microsystem for on-site collection and detection that enables real-time detection of indoor airborne microparticles with high sensitivity. The collection device, inspired by the Venturi effect, was designed to collect airborne microparticles without requiring an additional power supply. Our systematic analysis showed that the collection device was able to collect microparticles with consistent negative pressure, regardless of the particle concentration in the air sample. By incorporating a microfluidic-biochip based on inertial force to trap particles and an optoelectronic photodetector into a miniaturized device with a smartphone, we demonstrate real-time and sensitive detection of the collected airborne microparticles, such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, and Staphylococcus with a particle-density dynamic range of 103-108 CFU mL-1. Because of its capabilities of minimal-power sample collection, high sensitivity, and rapid detection of airborne microparticles, this integrated platform can be readily adopted by the government and industrial sectors to monitor indoor air contamination and improve human healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunghoon Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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An in vitro pressure model towards studying the response of primary retinal ganglion cells to elevated hydrostatic pressures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9057. [PMID: 31227762 PMCID: PMC6588599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). A well-established risk factor for the development and progression of glaucoma is elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). However, how elevated IOP leads to RGC degeneration remains poorly understood. Here, we fabricate a facile, tunable hydrostatic pressure platform to study the effect of increased hydrostatic pressure on RGC axon and total neurite length, cell body area, dendritic branching, and cell survival. The hydrostatic pressure can be adjusted by varying the height of a liquid reservoir attached to a three-dimensional (3D)-printed adapter. The proposed platform enables long-term monitoring of primary RGCs in response to various pressure levels. Our results showed pressure-dependent changes in the axon length, and the total neurite length. The proportion of RGCs with neurite extensions significantly decreased by an average of 38 ± 2% (mean ± SEM) at pressures 30 mmHg and above (p < 0.05). The axon length and total neurite length decreased at a rate of 1.65 ± 0.18 μm and 4.07 ± 0.34 μm, respectively (p < 0.001), for each mmHg increase in pressure after 72 hours pressure treatment. Dendritic branching increased by 0.20 ± 0.05 intersections/day at pressures below 25 mmHg, and decreased by 0.07 ± 0.01 intersections/day at pressures above 25 mmHg (p < 0.001). There were no significant changes in cell body area under different levels of hydrostatic pressure (p ≥ 0.05). Application of this model will facilitate studies on the biophysical mechanisms that contribute to the pathophysiology of glaucoma and provide a channel for the screening of potential pharmacological agents for neuroprotection.
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Chen Z, He S, Zilberberg J, Lee W. Pumpless platform for high-throughput dynamic multicellular culture and chemosensitivity evaluation. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:254-261. [PMID: 30547180 PMCID: PMC6333476 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00872h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report here a novel pumpless, 96-well plate-based platform for high-throughput dynamic multicellular culture and chemosensitivity evaluation. A gravity-driven flow strategy was developed to generate and sustain the flow rate of culture medium within 10% in the platform's 20 culture chambers. The ability of the platform to generate and sustain the medium flow was demonstrated by computational simulation, flow visualization, and ascertaining the previously known effect of flow-induced shear stress on the stimulated osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts. The high-throughput utility of the platform was demonstrated by in situ cell staining and high content screening of chemosensitivity assays of multiple myeloma and osteoblast co-cultures. Endpoint characterization and data analyses for all 20 culture chambers required less than 1 hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehuan Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA.
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7
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Loukas CM, Mowlem MC, Tsaloglou MN, Green NG. A novel portable filtration system for sampling and concentration of microorganisms: Demonstration on marine microalgae with subsequent quantification using IC-NASBA. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 75:94-104. [PMID: 29778229 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel portable sample filtration/concentration system, designed for use on samples of microorganisms with very low cell concentrations and large volumes, such as water-borne parasites, pathogens associated with faecal matter, or toxic phytoplankton. The example application used for demonstration was the in-field collection and concentration of microalgae from seawater samples. This type of organism is responsible for Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), an example of which is commonly referred to as "red tides", which are typically the result of rapid proliferation and high biomass accumulation of harmful microalgal species in the water column or at the sea surface. For instance, Karenia brevis red tides are the cause of aquatic organism mortality and persistent blooms may cause widespread die-offs of populations of other organisms including vertebrates. In order to respond to, and adequately manage HABs, monitoring of toxic microalgae is required and large-volume sample concentrators would be a useful tool for in situ monitoring of HABs. The filtering system presented in this work enables consistent sample collection and concentration from 1 L to 1 mL in five minutes, allowing for subsequent benchtop sample extraction and analysis using molecular methods such as NASBA and IC-NASBA. The microalga Tetraselmis suecica was successfully detected at concentrations ranging from 2 × 105 cells/L to 20 cells/L. Karenia brevis was also detected and quantified at concentrations between 10 cells/L and 106 cells/L. Further analysis showed that the filter system, which concentrates cells from very large volumes with consequently more reliable sampling, produced samples that were more consistent than the independent non-filtered samples (benchtop controls), with a logarithmic dependency on increasing cell numbers. This filtering system provides simple, rapid, and consistent sample collection and concentration for further analysis, and could be applied to a wide range of different samples and target organisms in situations lacking laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos-Moritz Loukas
- National Oceanography Centre (NOC), University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom; Department of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew C Mowlem
- National Oceanography Centre (NOC), University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom.
| | - Maria-Nefeli Tsaloglou
- National Oceanography Centre (NOC), University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom; Department of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton Highfield Campus, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicolas G Green
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton Highfield Campus, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; School of Electronics and Computer Science (ECS), University of Southampton Highfield Campus, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
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8
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Hu T, Zhang JL. Mass-spectrometry-based lipidomics. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:351-372. [PMID: 28859259 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipids, which have a core function in energy storage, signalling and biofilm structures, play important roles in a variety of cellular processes because of the great diversity of their structural and physiochemical properties. Lipidomics is the large-scale profiling and quantification of biogenic lipid molecules, the comprehensive study of their pathways and the interpretation of their physiological significance based on analytical chemistry and statistical analysis. Lipidomics will not only provide insight into the physiological functions of lipid molecules but will also provide an approach to discovering important biomarkers for diagnosis or treatment of human diseases. Mass-spectrometry-based analytical techniques are currently the most widely used and most effective tools for lipid profiling and quantification. In this review, the field of mass-spectrometry-based lipidomics was discussed. Recent progress in all essential steps in lipidomics was carefully discussed in this review, including lipid extraction strategies, separation techniques and mass-spectrometry-based analytical and quantitative methods in lipidomics. We also focused on novel resolution strategies for difficult problems in determining C=C bond positions in lipidomics. Finally, new technologies that were developed in recent years including single-cell lipidomics, flux-based lipidomics and multiomics technologies were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jin-Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Hønsvall BK, Robertson LJ. From research lab to standard environmental analysis tool: Will NASBA make the leap? WATER RESEARCH 2017; 109:389-397. [PMID: 27960143 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) is a sensitive and efficient molecular tool for amplification of RNA and has been widely adopted in clinical diagnostics. Monitoring of water and other environmental samples demands sensitive techniques, as potential pathogens may be in low concentrations and require only a few infectious units to infect their host. NASBA has qualities that should be advantageous for analysis of environmental samples, such as short reaction times, high sensitivity, and not readily affected by inhibitory substances that are often abundant in environmental samples. NASBA is well suited for incorporation into lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices, as part of analysis systems that can be taken into the field for on-site screening. In this review, we explore advantages and drawbacks of NASBA as a tool for environmental analyses, and try to answer the question of whether it will be a recognised technique in the same manner as in clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte K Hønsvall
- University College of Southeast Norway, Raveien 205, 3184 Borre, Norway; Trilobite Microsystems AS, Raveien 205, 3184 Borre, Norway.
| | - Lucy J Robertson
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adamstuen Campus, Oslo, Norway.
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11
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12
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High-throughput screening approaches and combinatorial development of biomaterials using microfluidics. Acta Biomater 2016; 34:1-20. [PMID: 26361719 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
From the first microfluidic devices used for analysis of single metabolic by-products to highly complex multicompartmental co-culture organ-on-chip platforms, efforts of many multidisciplinary teams around the world have been invested in overcoming the limitations of conventional research methods in the biomedical field. Close spatial and temporal control over fluids and physical parameters, integration of sensors for direct read-out as well as the possibility to increase throughput of screening through parallelization, multiplexing and automation are some of the advantages of microfluidic over conventional, 2D tissue culture in vitro systems. Moreover, small volumes and relatively small cell numbers used in experimental set-ups involving microfluidics, can potentially decrease research cost. On the other hand, these small volumes and numbers of cells also mean that many of the conventional molecular biology or biochemistry assays cannot be directly applied to experiments that are performed in microfluidic platforms. Development of different types of assays and evidence that such assays are indeed a suitable alternative to conventional ones is a step that needs to be taken in order to have microfluidics-based platforms fully adopted in biomedical research. In this review, rather than providing a comprehensive overview of the literature on microfluidics, we aim to discuss developments in the field of microfluidics that can aid advancement of biomedical research, with emphasis on the field of biomaterials. Three important topics will be discussed, being: screening, in particular high-throughput and combinatorial screening; mimicking of natural microenvironment ranging from 3D hydrogel-based cellular niches to organ-on-chip devices; and production of biomaterials with closely controlled properties. While important technical aspects of various platforms will be discussed, the focus is mainly on their applications, including the state-of-the-art, future perspectives and challenges. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Microfluidics, being a technology characterized by the engineered manipulation of fluids at the submillimeter scale, offers some interesting tools that can advance biomedical research and development. Screening platforms based on microfluidic technologies that allow high-throughput and combinatorial screening may lead to breakthrough discoveries not only in basic research but also relevant to clinical application. This is further strengthened by the fact that reliability of such screens may improve, since microfluidic systems allow close mimicking of physiological conditions. Finally, microfluidic systems are also very promising as micro factories of a new generation of natural or synthetic biomaterials and constructs, with finely controlled properties.
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Abstract
Isothermal amplification of nucleic acids is a simple process that rapidly and efficiently accumulates nucleic acid sequences at constant temperature. Since the early 1990s, various isothermal amplification techniques have been developed as alternatives to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These isothermal amplification methods have been used for biosensing targets such as DNA, RNA, cells, proteins, small molecules, and ions. The applications of these techniques for in situ or intracellular bioimaging and sequencing have been amply demonstrated. Amplicons produced by isothermal amplification methods have also been utilized to construct versatile nucleic acid nanomaterials for promising applications in biomedicine, bioimaging, and biosensing. The integration of isothermal amplification into microsystems or portable devices improves nucleic acid-based on-site assays and confers high sensitivity. Single-cell and single-molecule analyses have also been implemented based on integrated microfluidic systems. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the isothermal amplification of nucleic acids encompassing work published in the past two decades. First, different isothermal amplification techniques are classified into three types based on reaction kinetics. Then, we summarize the applications of isothermal amplification in bioanalysis, diagnostics, nanotechnology, materials science, and device integration. Finally, several challenges and perspectives in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Qian Li
- Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboraotory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboraotory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboraotory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China.,School of Life Science & Technology, ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 200031, China
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Sanahuja D, Giménez-Gómez P, Vigués N, Ackermann TN, Guerrero-Navarro AE, Pujol-Vila F, Sacristán J, Santamaria N, Sánchez-Contreras M, Díaz-González M, Mas J, Muñoz-Berbel X. Microbial trench-based optofluidic system for reagentless determination of phenolic compounds. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1717-1726. [PMID: 25669844 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01446d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are one of the main contaminants of soil and water due to their toxicity and persistence in the natural environment. Their presence is commonly determined with bulky and expensive instrumentation (e.g. chromatography systems), requiring sample collection and transport to the laboratory. Sample transport delays data acquisition, postponing potential actions to prevent environmental catastrophes. This article presents a portable, miniaturized, robust and low-cost microbial trench-based optofluidic system for reagentless determination of phenols in water. The optofluidic system is composed of a poly(methyl methacrylate) structure, incorporating polymeric optical elements and miniaturized discrete auxiliary components for optical transduction. An electronic circuit, adapted from a lock-in amplifier, is used for system control and interfering ambient light subtraction. In the trench, genetically modified bacteria are stably entrapped in an alginate hydrogel for quantitative determination of model phenol catechol. Alginate is also acting as a diffusion barrier for compounds present in the sample. Additionally, the superior refractive index of the gel (compared to water) confines the light in the lower level of the chip. Hence, the optical readout of the device is only altered by changes in the trench. Catechol molecules (colorless) in the sample diffuse through the alginate matrix and reach bacteria, which degrade them to a colored compound. The absorbance increase at 450 nm reports the presence of catechol simply, quickly (~10 min) and quantitatively without addition of chemical reagents. This miniaturized, portable and robust optofluidic system opens the possibility for quick and reliable determination of environmental contamination in situ, thus mitigating the effects of accidental spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sanahuja
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Yu L, Shi Z, Gao L, Li C. Mitigated reactive oxygen species generation leads to an improvement of cell proliferation on poly[glycidyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] functionalized polydimethylsiloxane surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:2987-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Faculty of Materials & Energy; Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapid Diagnosis of Fatal Diseases; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - ZhuanZhuan Shi
- Faculty of Materials & Energy; Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapid Diagnosis of Fatal Diseases; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - LiXia Gao
- Faculty of Materials & Energy; Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapid Diagnosis of Fatal Diseases; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - ChangMing Li
- Faculty of Materials & Energy; Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapid Diagnosis of Fatal Diseases; Chongqing 400715 China
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Real-time monitoring of cell migration, phagocytosis and cell surface receptor dynamics using a novel, live-cell opto-microfluidic technique. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 872:95-9. [PMID: 25892074 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report an opto-microfluidic method for continuous and non-interfering monitoring of cell movement and dynamic molecular processes in living cells enabled by the microfluidic "Lab-in-a-Trench" (LiaT) platform. To demonstrate real-time monitoring of heterogeneous cell-cell interactions, cell tracking and agent-induced cell activation dynamics, we observe phagocytosis of Escherichia coli by murine macrophages, migration of active macrophages and LPS-induced CD86 expression in macrophages. The visualization of phagocytosis is facilitated through the loading of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing E. coli to the array of cell capture modules before the introduction of macrophages. Simple migration tracking of active macrophages is enabled by a spatio-temporal control of the environment conditions within the LiaT platform. Furthermore, we report an interference-free monitoring of non-modified, endogenous changes in protein expression on the surface of living cells using traditional, antibody immuno-reagents. Throughout the experiment, murine macrophages were captured in the LiaT device and exposed to sub-background levels of fluorescently labeled anti-CD86 antibody. Upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, CD86 changes were visualized in real-time by time-lapse microscopy. This novel opto-microfluidic effect is controlled by the equilibrium of convective-diffusive replenishment of fluorescently labeled antibodies and antibody affinity. Overall, our non-interfering analysis method allows the studying of active cellular processes and endogenous protein dynamics in live cells in a simple and cost-efficient manner.
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17
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Yuan J, Zhao X, Wang X, Gu Z. Image decoding of photonic crystal beads array in the microfluidic chip for multiplex assays. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6755. [PMID: 25341876 PMCID: PMC4208063 DOI: 10.1038/srep06755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with the miniaturization and intellectualization of biomedical instruments, the increasing demand of health monitoring at anywhere and anytime elevates the need for the development of point of care testing (POCT). Photonic crystal beads (PCBs) as one kind of good encoded microcarriers can be integrated with microfluidic chips in order to realize cost-effective and high sensitive multiplex bioassays. However, there are difficulties in analyzing them towards automated analysis due to the characters of the PCBs and the unique detection manner. In this paper, we propose a strategy to take advantage of automated image processing for the color decoding of the PCBs array in the microfluidic chip for multiplex assays. By processing and alignment of two modal images of epi-fluorescence and epi-white light, every intact bead in the image is accurately extracted and decoded by PC colors, which stand for the target species. This method, which shows high robustness and accuracy under various configurations, eliminates the high hardware requirement of spectroscopy analysis and user-interaction software, and provides adequate supports for the general automated analysis of POCT based on PCBs array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiangwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China
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18
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O'Connell TM, King D, Dixit CK, O'Connor B, Walls D, Ducrée J. Sequential glycan profiling at single cell level with the microfluidic lab-in-a-trench platform: a new era in experimental cell biology. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3629-3639. [PMID: 25080365 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00618f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely recognised that the earliest changes that occur on a cell when it is stressed or becoming diseased are alterations in its surface glycosylation. Current state-of-the-art technologies in glycoanalysis include mass spectrometry, protein microarray formats, techniques in cytometry and more recently, glyco-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Glyco-qPCR). Techniques for the glycoprofiling of the surfaces of single cells are either limited to the analysis of large cell populations or are unable to handle multiple and/or sequential probing. Here, we report a novel approach of single live cell glycoprofiling enabled by the microfluidic "Lab-in-a-Trench" (LiaT) platform for performing capture and retention of cells, along with shear-free reagent loading and washing. The significant technical improvement on state-of-the-art is the demonstration of consecutive, spatio-temporally profiling of glycans on a single cell by sequential elution of the previous lectin probe using their corresponding free sugar. We have qualitatively analysed glycan density on the surface of individual cells. This has allowed us to qualitatively co-localise the observed glycans. This approach enables exhaustive glycoprofiling and glycan mapping on the surface of individual live cells with multiple lectins. The possibility of sequentially profiling glycans on cells will be a powerful new tool to add to current glycoanalytical techniques. The LiaT platform will enable cell biologists to perform many high sensitivity assays and also will also make a significant impact on biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tríona M O'Connell
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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19
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Park SM, Sabour AF, Son JH, Lee SH, Lee LP. Toward integrated molecular diagnostic system (i MDx): principles and applications. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2014; 61:1506-21. [PMID: 24759281 PMCID: PMC4141683 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2014.2309119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Integrated molecular diagnostic systems ( iMDx), which are automated, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, robust, rapid, easy-to-use, and portable, can revolutionize future medicine. This review will first focus on the components of sample extraction, preservation, and filtration necessary for all point-of-care devices to include for practical use. Subsequently, we will look for low-powered and precise methods for both sample amplification and signal transduction, going in-depth to the details behind their principles. The final field of total device integration and its application to the clinical field will also be addressed to discuss the practicality for future patient care. We envision that microfluidic systems hold the potential to breakthrough the number of problems brought into the field of medical diagnosis today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-min Park
- Department of Bioengineering, and the Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, UC Berkeley, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, and also with the Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Andrew F. Sabour
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Jun Ho Son
- Department of Bioengineering, and the Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, and the Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, and the Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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20
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21
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Zheng XT, Yu L, Li P, Dong H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li CM. On-chip investigation of cell-drug interactions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1556-74. [PMID: 23428898 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of cell-drug interaction is of great importance in drug discovery but continues to pose significant challenges to develop robust, fast and high-throughput methods for pharmacologically profiling of potential drugs. Recently, cell chips have emerged as a promising technology for drug discovery/delivery, and their miniaturization and flow-through operation significantly reduce sample consumption while dramatically improving the throughput, reliability, resolution and sensitivity. Herein we review various types of miniaturized cell chips used in investigation of cell-drug interactions. The design and fabrication of cell chips including material selection, surface modification, cell trapping/patterning, concentration gradient generation and mimicking of in vivo environment are presented. Recent advances of on-chip investigations of cell-drug interactions, in particular the high-throughput screening, cell sorting, cytotoxicity testing, drug resistance analysis and pharmacological profiling are examined and discussed. It is expected that this survey can provide thoughtful basics and important applications of on-chip investigations of cell-drug interactions, thus greatly promoting research and development interests in this area.
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22
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Navruz I, Coskun AF, Wong J, Mohammad S, Tseng D, Nagi R, Phillips S, Ozcan A. Smart-phone based computational microscopy using multi-frame contact imaging on a fiber-optic array. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4015-23. [PMID: 23939637 PMCID: PMC3804724 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50589h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a cellphone based contact microscopy platform, termed Contact Scope, which can image highly dense or connected samples in transmission mode. Weighing approximately 76 grams, this portable and compact microscope is installed on the existing camera unit of a cellphone using an opto-mechanical add-on, where planar samples of interest are placed in contact with the top facet of a tapered fiber-optic array. This glass-based tapered fiber array has ~9 fold higher density of fiber optic cables on its top facet compared to the bottom one and is illuminated by an incoherent light source, e.g., a simple light-emitting-diode (LED). The transmitted light pattern through the object is then sampled by this array of fiber optic cables, delivering a transmission image of the sample onto the other side of the taper, with ~3× magnification in each direction. This magnified image of the object, located at the bottom facet of the fiber array, is then projected onto the CMOS image sensor of the cellphone using two lenses. While keeping the sample and the cellphone camera at a fixed position, the fiber-optic array is then manually rotated with discrete angular increments of e.g., 1-2 degrees. At each angular position of the fiber-optic array, contact images are captured using the cellphone camera, creating a sequence of transmission images for the same sample. These multi-frame images are digitally fused together based on a shift-and-add algorithm through a custom-developed Android application running on the smart-phone, providing the final microscopic image of the sample, visualized through the screen of the phone. This final computation step improves the resolution and also removes spatial artefacts that arise due to non-uniform sampling of the transmission intensity at the fiber optic array surface. We validated the performance of this cellphone based Contact Scope by imaging resolution test charts and blood smears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Navruz
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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23
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Xu BY, Hu SW, Qian GS, Xu JJ, Chen HY. A novel microfluidic platform with stable concentration gradient for on chip cell culture and screening assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3714-20. [PMID: 23884407 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50676b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work a novel microfluidic platform for cell culture and assay is developed. On the chip a static cell culture region is coupled with dynamic fluidic nutrition supply structures. The cell culture unit has a sandwich structure with liquid channels on the top, the cell culture reservoir in the middle and gas channels on the bottom. Samples can be easily loaded into the reservoir and exchange constantly with the external liquid environment by diffusion. Since the flow direction is perpendicular to the liquid channel on the top of the reservoir, the cells in the reservoir are shielded from shear-force. By assembling the basic units into an array, a steady concentration gradient can be generated. Cell culture models both for continuous perfusion and one-off perfusion were established on the chip. Both adherent and suspended cells were successfully cultured on the chip in 2D and 3D culture modes. After culturing, the trapped cells were recovered for use in a later assay. As a competitive candidate for a standard cell culture and assay platform, this chip is also adaptable for cytotoxicity and cell growth assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
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24
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Mitra B, Jindal R, Lee S, Xu Dong D, Li L, Sharma N, Maguire T, Schloss R, Yarmush ML. Microdevice integrating innate and adaptive immune responses associated with antigen presentation by dendritic cells. RSC Adv 2013; 3:16002-16010. [PMID: 29682279 DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41308j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are the principal antigen presenting cells that are responsible for acquiring and transporting antigen from the peripheral tissue to the secondary lymphoid tissue. There they present it to T cells which ultimately initiate an antigen specific immune response. In vivo, the migration of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cell activation are intimately linked. However, ex vivo systems that facilitate integrated evaluation of DC chemotaxis and resulting T cell activation by migrated DCs are lacking. In this work, we have developed a microfabricated platform that integrates DC chemotaxis with T cell activation. The basic design of the microdevice includes two layers of PDMS, with the top layer comprising the chemotaxis compartment and the bottom layer containing a T cell compartment. In the chemotaxis compartment, the DCs are subjected to a chemokine gradient, and their migratory response is evaluated. In the T cell compartment, rapid DC-induced activation of T cells is evaluated by measuring the level of calcium in T cells. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach by evaluating the integrated response of mature DCs, whereby the overall T cell activation response is governed both by the chemotaxis and the T cell activation potential of mature DCs relative to immature DCs. Our system provides a powerful platform for systematically probing various aspects of antigen induced immune responses - DC maturation, migration and T cell activation - in an integrated fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Mitra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, 08854, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Rohit Jindal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, 08854, Piscataway, NJ.,Center for Engineering in Medicine and the Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Serom Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, 08854, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Dave Xu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, 08854, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, 08854, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Nripen Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, 08854, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Tim Maguire
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, 08854, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Rene Schloss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, 08854, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, 08854, Piscataway, NJ.,Center for Engineering in Medicine and the Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114
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25
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Cima I, Wen Yee C, Iliescu FS, Phyo WM, Lim KH, Iliescu C, Tan MH. Label-free isolation of circulating tumor cells in microfluidic devices: Current research and perspectives. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:11810. [PMID: 24403992 PMCID: PMC3568085 DOI: 10.1063/1.4780062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This review will cover the recent advances in label-free approaches to isolate and manipulate circulating tumor cells (CTCs). In essence, label-free approaches do not rely on antibodies or biological markers for labeling the cells of interest, but enrich them using the differential physical properties intrinsic to cancer and blood cells. We will discuss technologies that isolate cells based on their biomechanical and electrical properties. Label-free approaches to analyze CTCs have been recently invoked as a valid alternative to "marker-based" techniques, because classical epithelial and tumor markers are lost on some CTC populations and there is no comprehensive phenotypic definition for CTCs. We will highlight the advantages and drawbacks of these technologies and the status on their implementation in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Cima
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #04-01, Singapore 138669
| | - Chay Wen Yee
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610
| | | | - Wai Min Phyo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #04-01, Singapore 138669
| | - Kiat Hon Lim
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608
| | - Ciprian Iliescu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #04-01, Singapore 138669
| | - Min Han Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #04-01, Singapore 138669 ; National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610
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26
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Kovarik ML, Ornoff DM, Melvin AT, Dobes NC, Wang Y, Dickinson AJ, Gach PC, Shah PK, Allbritton NL. Micro total analysis systems: fundamental advances and applications in the laboratory, clinic, and field. Anal Chem 2013; 85:451-72. [PMID: 23140554 PMCID: PMC3546124 DOI: 10.1021/ac3031543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Kovarik
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Douglas M. Ornoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Adam T. Melvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Nicholas C. Dobes
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Alexandra J. Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Philip C. Gach
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Pavak K. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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27
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Zhu H, Isikman SO, Mudanyali O, Greenbaum A, Ozcan A. Optical imaging techniques for point-of-care diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:51-67. [PMID: 23044793 PMCID: PMC3510351 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40864c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Improving access to effective and affordable healthcare has long been a global endeavor. In this quest, the development of cost-effective and easy-to-use medical testing equipment that enables rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential to reduce the time and costs associated with healthcare services. To this end, point-of-care (POC) diagnostics plays a crucial role in healthcare delivery in both developed and developing countries by bringing medical testing to patients, or to sites near patients. As the diagnosis of a wide range of diseases, including various types of cancers and many endemics, relies on optical techniques, numerous compact and cost-effective optical imaging platforms have been developed in recent years for use at the POC. Here, we review the state-of-the-art optical imaging techniques that can have a significant impact on global health by facilitating effective and affordable POC diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhu
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Serhan O. Isikman
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Onur Mudanyali
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alon Greenbaum
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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28
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Tsaloglou MN, Laouenan F, Loukas CM, Monsalve LG, Thanner C, Morgan H, Ruano-López JM, Mowlem MC. Real-time isothermal RNA amplification of toxic marine microalgae using preserved reagents on an integrated microfluidic platform. Analyst 2013; 138:593-602. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an36464f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Kumar S, Wittenberg NJ, Oh SH. Nanopore-induced spontaneous concentration for optofluidic sensing and particle assembly. Anal Chem 2012; 85:971-7. [PMID: 23214989 DOI: 10.1021/ac302690w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanopore arrays have emerged as optofluidic platforms with multifarious sensing and analytical capabilities such as label-free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing of molecular binding interactions and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). However, directed delivery of analytes through open nanopores using traditional methods such as external electric fields or pressure gradients still remains difficult. We demonstrate that nanopore arrays have an intrinsic ability to promote flow through them via capillary flow and evaporation. This passive "nano-drain" mechanism is utilized to concentrate biomolecules on the surface of nanopores for improved detection sensitivity or create ordered nanoscale arrays of beads and liposomes. Without using any external pump or fluidic interconnects, we can concentrate and detect the presence of less than a femtomole of streptavidin in 10 μL of sample using fluorescence imaging. Liposome nanoarrays are also prepared in less than 5 min and used to detect lipid-protein interactions. We also demonstrate label-free SPR detection of analytes using metallic nanopore arrays. This method provides a fast, simple, transportable, and small-volume platform for labeled as well as label-free plasmonic analysis while improving the detection time and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailabh Kumar
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Biosensing, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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30
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Huang NT, Chen W, Oh BR, Cornell TT, Shanley TP, Fu J, Kurabayashi K. An integrated microfluidic platform for in situ cellular cytokine secretion immunophenotyping. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:4093-101. [PMID: 22892681 PMCID: PMC3508001 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, quantitative detection of cell-secreted biomarker proteins with a low sample volume holds great promise to advance cellular immunophenotyping techniques for personalized diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Here we achieved such an assay with the THP-1 human acute moncytic leukemia cell line (a model for human monocyte) using a highly integrated microfluidic platform incorporating a no-wash bead-based chemiluminescence immunodetection scheme. Our microfluidic device allowed us to stimulate cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an endotoxin causing septic shock due to severely pronounced immune response of the human body, under a well-controlled on-chip environment. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) secreted from stimulated THP-1 cells was subsequently measured within the device with no flushing process required. Our study achieved high-sensitivity cellular immunophenotyping with 20-fold fewer cells than current cell-stimulation assay. The total assay time was also 7 times shorter than that of a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our strategy of monitoring immune cell functions in situ using a microfluidic platform could impact future medical treatments of acute infectious diseases and immune disorders by enabling a rapid, sample-efficient cellular immunophenotyping analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Tsu Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Bo-Ram Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Timothy T. Cornell
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Thomas P. Shanley
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
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31
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Tung YC, Huang NT, Oh BR, Patra B, Pan CC, Qiu T, Paul KC, Zhang W, Kurabayashi K. Optofluidic detection for cellular phenotyping. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3552-65. [PMID: 22854915 PMCID: PMC3815588 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40509a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of the output of processes and molecular interactions within a single cell is highly critical to the advancement of accurate disease screening and personalized medicine. Optical detection is one of the most broadly adapted measurement methods in biological and clinical assays and serves cellular phenotyping. Recently, microfluidics has obtained increasing attention due to several advantages, such as small sample and reagent volumes, very high throughput, and accurate flow control in the spatial and temporal domains. Optofluidics, which is the attempt to integrate optics with microfluidics, shows great promise to enable on-chip phenotypic measurements with high precision, sensitivity, specificity, and simplicity. This paper reviews the most recent developments of optofluidic technologies for cellular phenotyping optical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chung Tung
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 123 Sec. 2, Academia Rd. Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Tsu Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bo-Ram Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bishnubrata Patra
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Pan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 123 Sec. 2, Academia Rd. Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Teng Qiu
- Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjin 211189, China
| | - K. Chu Paul
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave. Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 2000433, China
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
- Engineering Research Center for Wireless Integrated Microsensing and Systems (WIMS), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Wright GA, Costa L, Terekhov A, Jowhar D, Hofmeister W, Janetopoulos C. On-chip open microfluidic devices for chemotaxis studies. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2012; 18:816-28. [PMID: 22846851 PMCID: PMC3995343 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927612000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices can provide unique control over both the chemoattractant gradient and the migration environment of the cells. Our work incorporates laser-machined micro and nanofluidic channels into bulk fused silica and cover slip-sized silica wafers. We have designed “open” chemotaxis devices that produce passive chemoattractant gradients without an external micropipette system. Since the migration area is unobstructed, cells can be easily loaded and strategically placed into the devices with a standard micropipette. The reusable monolithic glass devices have integral ports that can generate multiple gradients in a single experiment. We also used cover slip microfluidics for chemotaxis assays. Passive gradients elicited from these cover slips could be readily adapted for high throughput chemotaxis assays.We have also demonstrated for the first time that cells can be recruited into cover slip ports eliciting passive chemoattractant gradients. This proves, in principle, that intravital cover slip configurations could deliver controlled amounts of drugs, chemicals, or pathogens as well as recruit cells for proteomic or histological analysis in living animals while under microscopic observation. Intravital cover slip fluidics will create a new paradigm for in vivo observation of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gus A. Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lino Costa
- Center for Laser Applications, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN 37388, USA
| | - Alexander Terekhov
- Center for Laser Applications, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN 37388, USA
| | - Dawit Jowhar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - William Hofmeister
- Center for Laser Applications, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN 37388, USA
| | - Christopher Janetopoulos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Lee K, Kim C, Young Yang J, Lee H, Ahn B, Xu L, Yoon Kang J, Oh KW. Gravity-oriented microfluidic device for uniform and massive cell spheroid formation. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2012; 6:14114-141147. [PMID: 22662098 PMCID: PMC3365350 DOI: 10.1063/1.3687409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a simple method for forming massive and uniform three-dimensional (3-D) cell spheroids in a multi-level structured microfluidic device by gravitational force. The concept of orienting the device vertically has allowed spheroid formation, long-term perfusion, and retrieval of the cultured spheroids by user-friendly standard pipetting. We have successfully formed, perfused, and retrieved uniform, size-controllable, well-conditioned spheroids of human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK 293) in the gravity-oriented microfluidic device. We expect the proposed method will be a useful tool to study in-vitro 3-D cell models for the proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism of embryoid bodies or tumours.
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Bogojevic D, Chamberlain MD, Barbulovic-Nad I, Wheeler AR. A digital microfluidic method for multiplexed cell-based apoptosis assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:627-34. [PMID: 22159547 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc20893h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Digital microfluidics (DMF), a fluid-handling technique in which picolitre-microlitre droplets are manipulated electrostatically on an array of electrodes, has recently become popular for applications in chemistry and biology. DMF devices are reconfigurable, have no moving parts, and are compatible with conventional high-throughput screening infrastructure (e.g., multiwell plate readers). For these and other reasons, digital microfluidics has been touted as being a potentially useful new tool for applications in multiplexed screening. Here, we introduce the first digital microfluidic platform used to implement parallel-scale cell-based assays. A fluorogenic apoptosis assay for caspase-3 activity was chosen as a model system because of the popularity of apoptosis as a target for anti-cancer drug discovery research. Dose-response profiles of caspase-3 activity as a function of staurosporine concentration were generated using both the digital microfluidic method and conventional techniques (i.e., pipetting, aspiration, and 96-well plates.) As expected, the digital microfluidic method had a 33-fold reduction in reagent consumption relative to the conventional technique. Although both types of methods used the same detector (a benchtop multiwell plate reader), the data generated by the digital microfluidic method had lower detection limits and greater dynamic range because apoptotic cells were much less likely to de-laminate when exposed to droplet manipulation by DMF relative to pipetting/aspiration in multiwell plates. We propose that the techniques described here represent an important milestone in the development of digital microfluidics as a useful tool for parallel cell-based screening and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bogojevic
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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