1
|
Doraghi F, Amini A, Ghanbarlou M, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. Metal-free 2-isocyanobiaryl-based cyclization reactions: phenanthridine framework synthesis. Mol Divers 2024; 28:419-435. [PMID: 37847467 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of transition metal-free 2-isocyanobiaryl-based reactions has received much attention due to the widespread presence of phenanthidine frameworks as products in pharmacological chemistry and materials science. This review article focuses on the achievements from 2013 until now in various metal-free catalyzed reactions and discusses challenging mechanisms and features of the transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Doraghi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Amini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghanbarlou
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rep V, Štulić R, Koštrun S, Kuridža B, Crnolatac I, Radić Stojković M, Paljetak HČ, Perić M, Matijašić M, Raić-Malić S. Novel tetrahydropyrimidinyl-substituted benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles: synthesis, antibacterial activity, DNA interactions and ADME profiling. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1504-1525. [PMID: 36561067 PMCID: PMC9749923 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00143h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of tetrahydropyrimidinyl-substituted benzimidazoles attached to various aliphatic or aromatic residues via phenoxymethylene were synthesised to investigate their antibacterial activities against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The influence of the type of substituent at the C-3 and C-4 positions of the phenoxymethylene linker on the antibacterial activity was observed, showing that the aromatic moiety improved the antibacterial potency. Of all the evaluated compounds, benzoyl-substituted benzimidazole derivative 15a was the most active compound, particularly against the Gram-negative pathogens E. coli (MIC = 1 μg mL-1) and M. catarrhalis (MIC = 2 μg mL-1). Compound 15a also exhibited the most promising antibacterial activity against sensitive and resistant strains of S. pyogenes (MIC = 2 μg mL-1). Significant stabilization effects and positive induced CD bands strongly support the binding of the most biologically active benzimidazoles inside the minor grooves of AT-rich DNA, in line with docking studies. The predicted physico-chemical and ADME properties lie within drug-like space except for low membrane permeability, which needs further optimization. Our findings encourage further development of novel structurally related 5(6)-tetrahydropyrimidinyl substituted benzimidazoles in order to optimize their antibacterial effect against common respiratory pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rep
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of ZagrebMarulićev trg 1910000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Rebeka Štulić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of ZagrebMarulićev trg 1910000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Sanja Koštrun
- Selvita d.o.oPrilaz baruna Filipovića 2910000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Bojan Kuridža
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryBijenička cesta 5410000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Ivo Crnolatac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryBijenička cesta 5410000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Marijana Radić Stojković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryBijenička cesta 5410000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Hana Čipčić Paljetak
- Department for Intercellular Communication, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of MedicineŠalata 210000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Mihaela Perić
- Department for Intercellular Communication, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of MedicineŠalata 210000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Mario Matijašić
- Department for Intercellular Communication, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of MedicineŠalata 210000 ZagrebCroatia
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of ZagrebMarulićev trg 1910000 ZagrebCroatia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo Z, Li R, Zhu T, Liu C, Feng H, Aboagye Nartey K, Liu Q, Xu X. Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidative Decabonylation/Radical Cyclization of Aliphatic Aldehydes with Biphenyl Isocyanides: A New Pathway For the Synthesis of 6‐Alkylphenanthridines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaigang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Chen‐Fu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science Gannan Medical University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Haoran Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Kojo Aboagye Nartey
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Qiannan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Preparation of phenanthridines from N-(o-arylbenzyl)trifluoromethanesulfonamides with 1,3-diiodo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
5
|
Design, synthesis, antitrypanosomal activity, DNA/RNA binding and in vitro ADME profiling of novel imidazoline-substituted 2-arylbenzimidazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112802. [PMID: 32927230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel imidazoline benzimidazole derivatives containing diversely substituted phenoxy moieties were synthesized with the aim of evaluating their antitrypanosomal activity, DNA/RNA binding affinity and in vitro ADME properties. The presence of the diethylaminoethyl subunit in 18a-18c led to enhanced antitrypanosomal potency, particularly for 18a and 18c, which contain unsubstituted and methoxy-substituted phenoxy moieties. They were found to be > 2-fold more potent against African trypanosomes than nifurtimox. Fluorescence and CD spectroscopy, thermal denaturation assays and computational analysis indicated a preference of 18a-18c toward AT-rich DNA and their minor groove binding mode. Replacement of the amidine group with less basic and ionisable nitrogen-containing moieties failed to improve membrane permeability of the investigated compounds. Due to structural diversification, the compounds displayed a range of physico-chemical features resulting in variable in vitro ADME properties, leaving space for further optimization of the biological profiles.
Collapse
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Weiß
- Institut für Organische Chemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Fritz‐Haber‐Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Joachim Podlech
- Institut für Organische Chemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Fritz‐Haber‐Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
DNA/RNA recognition controlled by the glycine linker and the guanidine moiety of phenanthridine peptides. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:422-434. [PMID: 31082420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The binding of four phenanthridine-guanidine peptides to DNA/RNA was evaluated via spectrophotometric/microcalorimetric methods and computations. The minor structural modifications-the type of the guanidine group (pyrrole guanidine (GCP) and arginine) and the linker length (presence or absence of glycine)-greatly affected the conformation of compounds and consequently the binding to double- (ds-) and single-stranded (ss-) polynucleotides. GCP peptide with shorter linker was able to distinguish between RNA (A-helix) and DNA (B-helix) by different circular dichroism response at 295 nm and thus can be used as a chiral probe. Opposed to the dominant stretched conformation of GCP peptide with shorter linker, the more flexible and longer linker of its analogue enabled the molecule to adopt the intramolecularly stacked form which resulted in weaker yet selective binding to DNA. Beside efficient organization of ss-polynucleotide structures, GCP peptide with shorter linker bound stronger to ss-DNA/RNA compared to arginine peptides which emphasize the importance of GCP unit.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ding S, Zhao Y, Ma Q, Tian S, Ren H, Zhu M, Li K, Miao Z. Silver(I)-mediated Reaction of 2-Isocyanobiaryl with Alkyl Trifluoroborates: Efficient Synthesis of 6-Alkylated Phenanthridines. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Shaopeng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Huaping Ren
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Kexuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Zongcheng Miao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Li X, Liang D, Huang W, Sun H, Wang L, Ren M, Wang B, Ma Y. Metal-free photocatalyzed cross coupling of aryl (heteroaryl) bromides with isonitriles. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Teofilović NK, Bihi M, Stojković MR, Tumir LM, Ester K, Kralj M, Majhen D, Oršolić N, Lepur A, Vrbanec D, Markotić A, Dembić Z, Weber ANR, Piantanida I, Vugrek O, Diken M, Knežević J. 1-ethyl-3-(6-methylphenanthridine-8-il) urea modulates TLR3/9 activation and induces selective pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in vitro. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1530-1537. [PMID: 28254484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated the nucleic acid binding capacity of phenanthridine derivatives (PHTs). Because nucleic acids are potent inducers of innate immune response through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and because PTHs bear a structural resemblance to commonly used synthetic ligands for TLR7/8, we hypothesized that PHTs could modulate/activate immune response. We found that compound M199 induces secretion of IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα in human PBMCs and inhibits TLR3/9 activation in different cellular systems (PBMCs, HEK293 and THP-1 cell lines).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Damir Vrbanec
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alemka Markotić
- University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljevic", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Dembić
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Mustafa Diken
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Crnolatac I, Rogan I, Majić B, Tomić S, Deligeorgiev T, Horvat G, Makuc D, Plavec J, Pescitelli G, Piantanida I. Small molecule probes finely differentiate between various ds- and ss-DNA and RNA by fluorescence, CD and NMR response. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 940:128-35. [PMID: 27662767 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Two small molecules showed intriguing properties of analytical multipurpose probes, whereby one chromophore gives different signal for many different DNA/RNA by application of several highly sensitive spectroscopic methods. Dyes revealed pronounced fluorescence ratiomeric differentiation between ds-AU-RNA, AT-DNA and GC-DNA in approximate order 10:8:1. Particularly interesting, dyes showed specific fluorimetric response for poly rA even at 10-fold excess of any other ss-RNA, and moreover such emission selectivity is preserved in multicomponent ss-RNA mixtures. The dyes also showed specific chiral recognition of poly rU in respect to the other ss-RNA by induced CD (ICD) pattern in visible range (400-500 nm), which was attributed to the dye-side-chain contribution to binding (confirmed by absence of any ICD band for reference compound lacking side-chain). Most intriguingly, minor difference in the side-chain attached to dye chromophore resulted in opposite sign of dye-ICD pattern, whereby differences in NMR NOESY contacts and proton chemical shifts between two dye/oligo rU complexes combined with MD simulations and CD calculations attributed observed bisignate ICD to the dimeric dye aggregate within oligo rU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Crnolatac
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Rogan
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Majić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Tomić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Gordan Horvat
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science/Chemistry, Horvatovac 102A, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damjan Makuc
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia; EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne Fronte 13, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia; EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne Fronte 13, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou Y, Wu C, Dong X, Qu J. Synthesis of 6-Trichloromethylphenanthridines by Transition Metal-Free Radical Cyclization of 2-Isocyanobiphenyls. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5202-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Changpeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Miljanić S, Kenđel A, Novak M, Deliqeorqiev TG, Crnolatac I, Piantanida I, Chiş V. Distinguishing binding modes of a new phosphonium dye with DNA by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03586h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SERS spectroscopy provided structural data on binding of a dye as monomer and dimer within minor groove of adenine–thymine polynucleotides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Miljanić
- Division of Analytical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
| | - Adriana Kenđel
- Division of Analytical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
| | - Morana Novak
- Division of Analytical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
| | - Todor G. Deliqeorqiev
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Applied Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Sofia
- 1164 Sofia
- Bulgaria
| | - Ivo Crnolatac
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10002 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10002 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Vasile Chiş
- Faculty of Physics
- Babeş-Bolyai University
- RO-400084 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tumir LM, Šupljika F, Piantanida I. Bis-phenanthridinium–adenine conjugates as fluorescent and CD reporters for fine structural differences in ds-DNA/RNA and ss-RNA structures. Supramol Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2015.1099655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidija-Marija Tumir
- Laboratory for Study of Interactions of Biomacromolecules, Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filip Šupljika
- Laboratory for Study of Interactions of Biomacromolecules, Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Laboratory for Study of Interactions of Biomacromolecules, Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gershberg J, Radić Stojković M, Škugor M, Tomić S, Rehm TH, Rehm S, Saha-Möller CR, Piantanida I, Würthner F. Sensing of Double-Stranded DNA/RNA Secondary Structures by Water Soluble Homochiral Perylene Bisimide Dyes. Chemistry 2015; 21:7886-95. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
17
|
Tumir LM, Radić Stojković M, Piantanida I. Come-back of phenanthridine and phenanthridinium derivatives in the 21st century. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:2930-54. [PMID: 25550761 PMCID: PMC4273281 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenanthridine derivatives are one of the most intensively studied families of biologically active compounds with efficient DNA binding capability. Attracting attention since DNA structure discovery (1960s), they were early recognized as a symbol of DNA intercalative binding, for many decades applied as gold-standard DNA- and RNA-fluorescent markers (ethidium bromide), probes for cell viability (propidium iodide), but also “ill-famed” for various toxic (genotoxic) and mutagenic effects. After two decades of low interest, the discovery of phenanthridine alkaloids and new studies of antiparasitic/antitumor properties of phenanthridine derivatives resulted in the strong increase of the scientific interest about the turn of this century. Here are summarized phenanthridine-related advances in the 21st century (2000-present period) with emphasis on the supramolecular interactions and bioorganic chemistry, as well as novel or improved synthetic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidija-Marija Tumir
- Laboratory for Study of Interactions of Biomacromolecules, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, PO Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Radić Stojković
- Laboratory for Study of Interactions of Biomacromolecules, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, PO Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Laboratory for Study of Interactions of Biomacromolecules, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, PO Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tumir LM, Crnolatac I, Deligeorgiev T, Vasilev A, Kaloyanova S, Grabar Branilović M, Tomić S, Piantanida I. Kinetic differentiation between homo- and alternating AT DNA by sterically restricted phosphonium dyes. Chemistry 2012; 18:3859-64. [PMID: 22367738 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidija-Marija Tumir
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, P. O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|