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Metabolic pathway analysis and dynamic macroscopic model development for lovastatin production by Monascus purpureus using metabolic footprinting concept. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rautureau GJP, Palama TL, Canard I, Mirande C, Chatellier S, van Belkum A, Elena-Herrmann B. Discrimination of Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Based Metabolomic Characterization of Culture Media. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1879-1886. [PMID: 31545890 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dysentery is a major health threat that dramatically impacts childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Various pathogenic agents cause dysentery, such as Shigella spp. and Escherichia coli, which are very closely related if not identical species. Sensitive and precise detection and identification of the infectious agent is important to target the best therapeutic strategy, but the differential diagnosis of these two groups remains a challenge using conventional methods. Here, we present a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based multivariate classification model employing bacterial metabolic footprints in postculture growth media with remarkable segregation capability, including the discrimination of lactose negative E. coli and Shigella spp. Our results confirm the potential of metabolomic markers in the field of bacterial identification for the distinction of even very closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles J. P. Rautureau
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Tony L. Palama
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Canard
- bioMérieux, Innovation Unit—Microbiology Research, 38390 La Balme-les-Grottes, France
| | - Caroline Mirande
- bioMérieux, Innovation Unit—Microbiology Research, 38390 La Balme-les-Grottes, France
| | - Sonia Chatellier
- bioMérieux, Innovation Unit—Microbiology Research, 38390 La Balme-les-Grottes, France
| | - Alex van Belkum
- bioMérieux, Innovation Unit—Microbiology Research, 38390 La Balme-les-Grottes, France
| | - Bénédicte Elena-Herrmann
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INSERM, IAB, Allée des Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
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3
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Maugeri G, Lychko I, Sobral R, Roque ACA. Identification and Antibiotic-Susceptibility Profiling of Infectious Bacterial Agents: A Review of Current and Future Trends. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1700750. [PMID: 30024110 PMCID: PMC6330097 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most worrying threats to humankind with extremely high healthcare costs associated. The current technologies used in clinical microbiology to identify the bacterial agent and profile antimicrobial susceptibility are time-consuming and frequently expensive. As a result, physicians prescribe empirical antimicrobial therapies. This scenario is often the cause of therapeutic failures, causing higher mortality rates and healthcare costs, as well as the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. As such, new technologies for rapid identification of the pathogen and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are needed. This review summarizes the current technologies, and the promising emerging and future alternatives for the identification and profiling of antimicrobial resistance bacterial agents, which are expected to revolutionize the field of clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Maugeri
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Iana Lychko
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita Sobral
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana C A Roque
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
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McDonald NC, White RL. Reduction of Fumarate to Succinate Mediated by Fusobacterium varium. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:163-175. [PMID: 29911265 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of succinate as a fermentation product of Fusobacterium varium was enhanced when the anaerobic bacterium was grown on complex peptone medium supplemented with fumarate. Residual substrates and fermentation products were determined by proton NMR spectroscopy. Cells collected from the fumarate-supplemented medium (8-10 h after inoculation) supported the conversion of fumarate to succinate when suspended with fumarate and a co-substrate (glucose, sorbitol, or glycerol). Succinate production was limited by the availability of fumarate or reducing equivalents supplied by catabolism of a co-substrate via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway. The choice of reducing co-substrate influenced the yield of acetate and lactate as side products. High conversions of fumarate to succinate were achieved over pH 6.6-8.2 and initial fumarate concentrations up to 300 mM. However, at high substrate concentrations, intracellular retention of succinate reduced extracellular yields. Overall, the efficient utilization of fumarate (≤ 400 mM) combined with the significant extracellular accumulation of succinate (corresponding to ≥ 70% conversion) indicated the effective utilization of fumarate as a terminal electron acceptor by F. varium and the potential of the methodology for the bioproduction of succinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Robert L White
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Palama TL, Canard I, Rautureau GJP, Mirande C, Chatellier S, Elena-Herrmann B. Identification of bacterial species by untargeted NMR spectroscopy of the exo-metabolome. Analyst 2016; 141:4558-61. [PMID: 27349704 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00393a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Identification of bacterial species is a crucial bottleneck for clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases. Quick and reliable identification is a key factor to provide suitable antibiotherapies and avoid the development of multiple-drug resistance. We propose a novel nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics strategy for rapid discrimination and identification of several bacterial species that relies on untargeted metabolic profiling of supernatants from bacterial culture media. We show that six bacterial species (Gram negative: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis; Gram positive: Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus) can be well discriminated from multivariate statistical analysis, opening new prospects for NMR applications to microbial clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Palama
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon1), Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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Tegtmeier D, Thompson CL, Schauer C, Brune A. Oxygen Affects Gut Bacterial Colonization and Metabolic Activities in a Gnotobiotic Cockroach Model. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:1080-1089. [PMID: 26637604 PMCID: PMC4751835 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03130-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota of termites and cockroaches represents complex metabolic networks of many diverse microbial populations. The distinct microenvironmental conditions within the gut and possible interactions among the microorganisms make it essential to investigate how far the metabolic properties of pure cultures reflect their activities in their natural environment. We established the cockroach Shelfordella lateralis as a gnotobiotic model and inoculated germfree nymphs with two bacterial strains isolated from the guts of conventional cockroaches. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that both strains specifically colonized the germfree hindgut. In diassociated cockroaches, the facultatively anaerobic strain EbSL (a new species of Enterobacteriaceae) always outnumbered the obligately anaerobic strain FuSL (a close relative of Fusobacterium varium), irrespective of the sequence of inoculation, which showed that precolonization by facultatively anaerobic bacteria does not necessarily favor colonization by obligate anaerobes. Comparison of the fermentation products of the cultures formed in vitro with those accumulated in situ indicated that the gut environment strongly affected the metabolic activities of both strains. The pure cultures formed the typical products of mixed-acid or butyrate fermentation, whereas the guts of gnotobiotic cockroaches accumulated mostly lactate and acetate. Similar shifts toward more-oxidized products were observed when the pure cultures were exposed to oxygen, which corroborated the strong effects of oxygen on the metabolic fluxes previously observed in termite guts. Oxygen microsensor profiles of the guts of germfree, gnotobiotic, and conventional cockroaches indicated that both gut tissue and microbiota contribute to oxygen consumption and suggest that the oxygen status influences the colonization success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Tegtmeier
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, and LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Claire L Thompson
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, and LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christine Schauer
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, and LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Brune
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, and LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Stolze Y, Bremges A, Rumming M, Henke C, Maus I, Pühler A, Sczyrba A, Schlüter A. Identification and genome reconstruction of abundant distinct taxa in microbiomes from one thermophilic and three mesophilic production-scale biogas plants. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:156. [PMID: 27462367 PMCID: PMC4960831 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofuel production from conversion of biomass is indispensable in the portfolio of renewable energies. Complex microbial communities are involved in the anaerobic digestion process of plant material, agricultural residual products and food wastes. Analysis of the genetic potential and microbiology of communities degrading biomass to biofuels is considered to be the key to develop process optimisation strategies. Hence, due to the still incomplete taxonomic and functional characterisation of corresponding communities, new and unknown species are of special interest. RESULTS Three mesophilic and one thermophilic production-scale biogas plants (BGPs) were taxonomically profiled using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. All BGPs shared a core microbiome with the thermophilic BGP featuring the lowest diversity. However, the phyla Cloacimonetes and Spirochaetes were unique to BGPs 2 and 3, Fusobacteria were only found in BGP3 and members of the phylum Thermotogae were present only in the thermophilic BGP4. Taxonomic analyses revealed that these distinctive taxa mostly represent so far unknown species. The only exception is the dominant Thermotogae OTU featuring 16S rRNA gene sequence identity to Defluviitoga tunisiensis L3, a sequenced and characterised strain. To further investigate the genetic potential of the biogas communities, corresponding metagenomes were sequenced in a deepness of 347.5 Gbp in total. A combined assembly comprised 80.3 % of all reads and resulted in the prediction of 1.59 million genes on assembled contigs. Genome binning yielded genome bins comprising the prevalent distinctive phyla Cloacimonetes, Spirochaetes, Fusobacteria and Thermotogae. Comparative genome analyses between the most dominant Thermotogae bin and the very closely related Defluviitoga tunisiensis L3 genome originating from the same BGP revealed high genetic similarity. This finding confirmed applicability and reliability of the binning approach. The four highly covered genome bins of the other three distinct phyla showed low or very low genetic similarities to their closest phylogenetic relatives, and therefore indicated their novelty. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach and a combined metagenome assembly and binning approach were used for the first time on different production-scale biogas plants and revealed insights into the genetic potential and functional role of so far unknown species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Stolze
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Bremges
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Madis Rumming
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Henke
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Irena Maus
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alfred Pühler
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Sczyrba
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlüter
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Antiabong JF, Ball AS, Brown MH. The effects of iron limitation and cell density on prokaryotic metabolism and gene expression: Excerpts from Fusobacterium necrophorum strain 774 (sheep isolate). Gene 2015; 563:94-102. [PMID: 25771225 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium necrophorum is a Gram-negative obligate anaerobe associated with several diseases in humans and animals. Despite its increasing clinical significance, there is little or no data on the relationship between its metabolism and virulence. Previous studies have shown that bacteria grown under iron-limitation express immunogenic antigens similar to those generated in vivo. Thus, this paper describes the relationship between F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum (Fnn) metabolism and the expression of the encoded putative virulence factors under iron-restricted conditions. At the midlog phase, iron limitation reduced Fnn growth but the cell density was dependent on the size of the inoculum. Preferential utilization of glucose-1-phosphate, d-mannitol and l-phenylalanine; production of 2-hydroxycaproic acid and termination of dimethyl sulphide production were major Fnn response-factors to iron limitation. Ultimately, iron restriction resulted in an increased ability of Fnn to metabolize diverse carbon sources and in the expression of stress-specific virulence factors. Iron starvation in low Fnn cell density was associated with the up-regulation of haemagglutinin (HA) and leukotoxin (lktA) genes (2.49 and 3.72 fold change respectively). However, Fnn encoded Haemolysin (Hly), yebN homologue (febN) and tonB homologue, were down-regulated (0.15, 0.79 and 0.33, fold changes respectively). Interestingly, cell density appeared to play a regulatory role in the final bacteria cell biomass, induction of a metabolic gene expression and the expression pattern virulence factors in Fnn suggesting the role of a cell density-associated regulatory factor. This report suggest that future studies on differential expression of bacterial genes under altered environmental condition(s) should consider testing the effect of cell concentrations as this is often neglected in such studies. In conclusion, iron restriction induces preferential utilization of carbon sources and altered metabolism in Fnn with associated changes in the expression pattern of the virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Antiabong
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia; School of Applied Sciences Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University Melbourne, Bundoora 3083, Australia.
| | - Andrew S Ball
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia; School of Applied Sciences Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University Melbourne, Bundoora 3083, Australia
| | - Melissa H Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia
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Impact of diets with a high content of greaves-meal protein or carbohydrates on faecal characteristics, volatile fatty acids and faecal calprotectin concentrations in healthy dogs. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:201. [PMID: 24107268 PMCID: PMC3851871 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research suggests that dietary composition influences gastrointestinal function and bacteria-derived metabolic products in the dog colon. We previously reported that dietary composition impacts upon the faecal microbiota of healthy dogs. This study aims at evaluating the dietary influences on bacteria-derived metabolic products associated with the changes in faecal microbiota that we had previously reported. We fed high-carbohydrate starch based (HCS), [crude protein: 194 g/kg, starch: 438 g/kg], high-protein greaves-meal (HPGM), [crude protein: 609 g/kg, starch: 54 g/kg] and dry commercial (DC), [crude protein: 264 g/kg, starch: 277 g/kg] diets, and studied their effects on the metabolism of the colonic microbiota and faecal calprotectin concentrations in five Beagle dogs, allocated according to the Graeco-Latin square design. Each dietary period lasted for three weeks and was crossed-over with washout periods. Food intake, body weight, and faecal consistency scores, dry matter, pH, ammonia, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and faecal canine calprotectin concentrations were determined. Results Faecal ammonia concentrations decreased with the HCS diet. All dogs fed the HPGM diet developed diarrhoea, which led to differences in faecal consistency scores between the diets. Faecal pH was higher with the HPGM diet. Moreover, decreases in propionic and acetic acids coupled with increases in branched-chain fatty acids and valeric acid caused changes in faecal total VFAs in dogs on the HPGM diet. Faecal canine calprotectin concentration was higher with the HPGM diet and correlated positively with valeric acid concentration. Conclusions The HPGM diet led to diarrhoea in all dogs, and there were differences in faecal VFA profiles and faecal canine calprotectin concentrations.
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McCoy AN, Araújo-Pérez F, Azcárate-Peril A, Yeh JJ, Sandler RS, Keku TO. Fusobacterium is associated with colorectal adenomas. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53653. [PMID: 23335968 PMCID: PMC3546075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a player in colorectal cancer (CRC). While particular imbalances in the gut microbiota have been linked to colorectal adenomas and cancer, no specific bacterium has been identified as a risk factor. Recent studies have reported a high abundance of Fusobacterium in CRC subjects compared to normal subjects, but this observation has not been reported for adenomas, CRC precursors. We assessed the abundance of Fusobacterium species in the normal rectal mucosa of subjects with (n = 48) and without adenomas (n = 67). We also confirmed previous reports on Fusobacterium and CRC in 10 CRC tumor tissues and 9 matching normal tissues by pyrosequencing. We extracted DNA from rectal mucosal biopsies and measured bacterial levels by quantitative PCR of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Local cytokine gene expression was also determined in mucosal biopsies from adenoma cases and controls by quantitative PCR. The mean log abundance of Fusobacterium or cytokine gene expression between cases and controls was compared by t-test. Logistic regression was used to compare tertiles of Fusobacterium abundance. Adenoma subjects had a significantly higher abundance of Fusobacterium species compared to controls (p = 0.01). Compared to the lowest tertile, subjects with high abundance of Fusobacterium were significantly more likely to have adenomas (OR 3.66, 95% CI 1.37-9.74, p-trend 0.005). Cases but not controls had a significant positive correlation between local cytokine gene expression and Fusobacterium abundance. Among cases, the correlation for local TNF-α and Fusobacterium was r = 0.33, p = 0.06 while it was 0.44, p = 0.01 for Fusobacterium and IL-10. These results support a link between the abundance of Fusobacterium in colonic mucosa and adenomas and suggest a possible role for mucosal inflammation in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N. McCoy
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Félix Araújo-Pérez
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrea Azcárate-Peril
- Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease and Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Sandler
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Temitope O. Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Baran R, Bowen BP, Northen TR. Untargeted metabolic footprinting reveals a surprising breadth of metabolite uptake and release by Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:3200-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05196b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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