1
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Ahamad S, Bhat SA. The Emerging Landscape of Small-Molecule Therapeutics for the Treatment of Huntington's Disease. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15993-16032. [PMID: 36490325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene (HTT). The new insights into HD's cellular and molecular pathways have led to the identification of numerous potent small-molecule therapeutics for HD therapy. The field of HD-targeting small-molecule therapeutics is accelerating, and the approval of these therapeutics to combat HD may be expected in the near future. For instance, preclinical candidates such as naphthyridine-azaquinolone, AN1, AN2, CHDI-00484077, PRE084, EVP4593, and LOC14 have shown promise for further optimization to enter into HD clinical trials. This perspective aims to summarize the advent of small-molecule therapeutics at various stages of clinical development for HD therapy, emphasizing their structure and design, therapeutic effects, and specific mechanisms of action. Further, we have highlighted the key drivers involved in HD pathogenesis to provide insights into the basic principle for designing promising anti-HD therapeutic leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh202002, India
| | - Shahnawaz A Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh202002, India
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2
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Solvent-controlled synthesis of bulky and polar-bulky galactonoamidines. Carbohydr Res 2022; 513:108520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Chowdhury S, Sripathy S, Webster AA, Park A, Lao U, Hsu JH, Loe T, Bedalov A, Simon JA. Discovery of Selective SIRT2 Inhibitors as Therapeutic Agents in B-Cell Lymphoma and Other Malignancies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030455. [PMID: 31973227 PMCID: PMC7036909 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic ablation as well as pharmacological inhibition of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), an NAD+-dependent protein deacylase, have therapeutic effects in various cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, we described the discovery of a dual SIRT1/SIRT2 inhibitor called cambinol (IC50 56 and 59 µM, respectively), which showed cytotoxic activity against cancer cells in vitro and a marked anti-proliferative effect in a Burkitt lymphoma mouse xenograft model. A number of recent studies have shown a protective effect of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases as well as in certain cancers prompting us to initiate a medicinal chemistry effort to develop cambinol-based SIRT2-specific inhibitors devoid of SIRT1 or SIRT3 modulating activity. Here we describe potent cambinol-based SIRT2 inhibitors, several of which show potency of ~600 nM with >300 to >800-fold selectivity over SIRT1 and 3, respectively. In vitro, these inhibitors are found to be toxic to lymphoma and epithelial cancer cell lines. In particular, compounds 55 (IC50 SIRT2 0.25 µM and <25% inhibition at 50 µM against SIRT1 and SIRT3) and 56 (IC50 SIRT2 0.78 µM and <25% inhibition at 50 µM against SIRT1 and SIRT3) showed apoptotic as well as strong anti-proliferative properties against B-cell lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat Chowdhury
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (S.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.W.); (A.P.); (U.L.); (J.H.H.); (T.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Smitha Sripathy
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (S.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.W.); (A.P.); (U.L.); (J.H.H.); (T.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Alyssa A. Webster
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (S.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.W.); (A.P.); (U.L.); (J.H.H.); (T.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Angela Park
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (S.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.W.); (A.P.); (U.L.); (J.H.H.); (T.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Uyen Lao
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (S.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.W.); (A.P.); (U.L.); (J.H.H.); (T.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Joanne H. Hsu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (S.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.W.); (A.P.); (U.L.); (J.H.H.); (T.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Taylor Loe
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (S.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.W.); (A.P.); (U.L.); (J.H.H.); (T.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Bedalov
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (S.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.W.); (A.P.); (U.L.); (J.H.H.); (T.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Julian A. Simon
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (S.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.W.); (A.P.); (U.L.); (J.H.H.); (T.L.); (A.B.)
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: (206)-667-6241
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4
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Indole in the target-based design of anticancer agents: A versatile scaffold with diverse mechanisms. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:9-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Schiedel M, Robaa D, Rumpf T, Sippl W, Jung M. The Current State of NAD + -Dependent Histone Deacetylases (Sirtuins) as Novel Therapeutic Targets. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:147-200. [PMID: 28094444 DOI: 10.1002/med.21436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+ -dependent protein deacylases that cleave off acetyl, as well as other acyl groups, from the ε-amino group of lysines in histones and other substrate proteins. Seven sirtuin isotypes (Sirt1-7) have been identified in mammalian cells. As sirtuins are involved in the regulation of various physiological processes such as cell survival, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, DNA repair, cell metabolism, and caloric restriction, a dysregulation of their enzymatic activity has been associated with the pathogenesis of neoplastic, metabolic, infectious, and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, sirtuins are promising targets for pharmaceutical intervention. Growing interest in a modulation of sirtuin activity has prompted the discovery of several small molecules, able to inhibit or activate certain sirtuin isotypes. Herein, we give an update to our previous review on the topic in this journal (Schemies, 2010), focusing on recent developments in sirtuin biology, sirtuin modulators, and their potential as novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schiedel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dina Robaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Tobias Rumpf
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Weng G, Ma X, Fang D, Tan P, Wang L, Yang L, Zhang Y, Qian S, Wang Z. Thiourea catalysed reduction of α-keto substituted acrylate compounds using Hantzsch ester as a reducing agent in water. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00995j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The first method for the reduction of α-keto substituted acrylate compounds by Hantzsch ester in water under the catalysis of thiourea has been developed. The products were isolated with moderate to high yields (38–95%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- Xihua University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Dongmei Fang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Ping Tan
- Department of Chemistry
- Xihua University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Lijiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Xihua University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Xihua University
- Chengdu
- China
| | | | - Shan Qian
- Department of Chemistry
- Xihua University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Zhouyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Xihua University
- Chengdu
- China
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7
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Ruggeri RB, Buckbinder L, Bagley SW, Carpino PA, Conn EL, Dowling MS, Fernando DP, Jiao W, Kung DW, Orr STM, Qi Y, Rocke BN, Smith A, Warmus JS, Zhang Y, Bowles D, Widlicka DW, Eng H, Ryder T, Sharma R, Wolford A, Okerberg C, Walters K, Maurer TS, Zhang Y, Bonin PD, Spath SN, Xing G, Hepworth D, Ahn K, Kalgutkar AS. Discovery of 2-(6-(5-Chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)acetamide (PF-06282999): A Highly Selective Mechanism-Based Myeloperoxidase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8513-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger B. Ruggeri
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Leonard Buckbinder
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scott W. Bagley
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Philip A. Carpino
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Edward L. Conn
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew S. Dowling
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dilinie P. Fernando
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Wenhua Jiao
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W. Kung
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Suvi T. M. Orr
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yingmei Qi
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Benjamin N. Rocke
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aaron Smith
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Joseph S. Warmus
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel Bowles
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W. Widlicka
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Heather Eng
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tim Ryder
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Raman Sharma
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Angela Wolford
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Carlin Okerberg
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Karen Walters
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tristan S. Maurer
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Paul D. Bonin
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Samantha N. Spath
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gang Xing
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Hepworth
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kay Ahn
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Amit S. Kalgutkar
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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8
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Panathur N, Gokhale N, Dalimba U, Koushik PV, Yogeeswari P, Sriram D. New indole–isoxazolone derivatives: Synthesis, characterisation and in vitro SIRT1 inhibition studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2768-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Figuera-Losada M, Stathis M, Dorskind JM, Thomas AG, Bandaru VVR, Yoo SW, Westwood NJ, Rogers GW, McArthur JC, Haughey NJ, Slusher BS, Rojas C. Cambinol, a novel inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 shows neuroprotective properties. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124481. [PMID: 26010541 PMCID: PMC4444023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is a bioactive lipid that plays an important role in stress responses leading to apoptosis, cell growth arrest and differentiation. Ceramide production is due in part to sphingomyelin hydrolysis by sphingomyelinases. In brain, neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) is expressed in neurons and increases in its activity and expression have been associated with pro-inflammatory conditions observed in Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) patients. Increased nSMase2 activity translates into higher ceramide levels and neuronal cell death, which can be prevented by chemical or genetic inhibition of nSMase2 activity or expression. However, to date, there are no soluble, specific and potent small molecule inhibitor tool compounds for in vivo studies or as a starting point for medicinal chemistry optimization. Moreover, the majority of the known inhibitors were identified using bacterial, bovine or rat nSMase2. In an attempt to identify new inhibitor scaffolds, two activity assays were optimized as screening platform using the recombinant human enzyme. First, active hits were identified using a fluorescence-based high throughput compatible assay. Then, hits were confirmed using a 14C sphingomyelin-based direct activity assay. Pharmacologically active compounds and approved drugs were screened using this strategy which led to the identification of cambinol as a novel uncompetitive nSMase2 inhibitor (Ki = 7 μM). The inhibitory activity of cambinol for nSMase2 was approximately 10-fold more potent than for its previously known target, silence information regulator 1 and 2 (SIRT1/2). Cambinol decreased tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-1 β-induced increases of ceramide and cell death in primary neurons. A preliminary study of cambinol structure and activity allowed the identification of the main structural features required for nSMase2 inhibition. Cambinol and its analogs may be useful as nSMase2 inhibitor tool compounds to prevent ceramide-dependent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Figuera-Losada
- Brain Science Institute Drug Discovery Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marigo Stathis
- Brain Science Institute Drug Discovery Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joelle M. Dorskind
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ajit G. Thomas
- Brain Science Institute Drug Discovery Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Veera Venkata Ratnam Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Seung-Wan Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Westwood
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, University of Saint Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, Saint Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme W. Rogers
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, University of Saint Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, Saint Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Justin C. McArthur
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norman J. Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Richard T. Johnson Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NJH); (BSS); (CR)
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Brain Science Institute Drug Discovery Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NJH); (BSS); (CR)
| | - Camilo Rojas
- Brain Science Institute Drug Discovery Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NJH); (BSS); (CR)
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10
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Identification and characterization of novel indole based small molecules as anticancer agents through SIRT1 inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:125-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Discovery and validation of SIRT2 inhibitors based on tenovin-6: use of a ¹H-NMR method to assess deacetylase activity. Molecules 2012; 17:12206-24. [PMID: 23079492 PMCID: PMC6268290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171012206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for potent and selective sirtuin inhibitors continues as chemical tools of this type are of use in helping to assign the function of this interesting class of deacetylases. Here we describe SAR studies starting from the unselective sirtuin inhibitor tenovin-6. These studies identify a sub-micromolar inhibitor that has increased selectivity for SIRT2 over SIRT1 compared to tenovin-6. In addition, a 1H-NMR-based method is developed and used to validate further this class of sirtuin inhibitors. A thermal shift analysis of SIRT2 in the presence of tenovin-6, -43, a control tenovin and the known SIRT2 inhibitor AGK2 is also presented.
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12
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McCarthy AR, Pirrie L, Hollick JJ, Ronseaux S, Campbell J, Higgins M, Staples OD, Tran F, Slawin AMZ, Lain S, Westwood NJ. Synthesis and biological characterisation of sirtuin inhibitors based on the tenovins. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:1779-93. [PMID: 22304848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The tenovins are small molecule inhibitors of the NAD(+)-dependent family of protein deacetylases known as the sirtuins. There remains considerable interest in inhibitors of this enzyme family due to possible applications in both cancer and neurodegenerative disease therapy. Through the synthesis of novel tenovin analogues, further insights into the structural requirements for activity against the sirtuins in vitro are provided. In addition, the activity of one of the analogues in cells led to an improved understanding of the function of SirT1 in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R McCarthy
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, UK
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