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Paul S, Verma S, Chen YC. Peptide Dendrimer-Based Antibacterial Agents: Synthesis and Applications. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1034-1055. [PMID: 38428037 PMCID: PMC11019562 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria cause the deaths of millions of people every year. With the development of antibiotics, hundreds and thousands of people's lives have been saved. Nevertheless, bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics, rendering them insensitive to antibiotics over time. Peptides containing specific amino acids can be used as antibacterial agents; however, they can be easily degraded by proteases in vivo. To address these issues, branched peptide dendrimers are now being considered as good antibacterial agents due to their high efficacy, resistance to protease degradation, and low cytotoxicity. The ease with which peptide dendrimers can be synthesized and modified makes them accessible for use in various biological and nonbiological fields. That is, peptide dendrimers hold a promising future as antibacterial agents with prolonged efficacy without bacterial resistance development. Their in vivo stability and multivalence allow them to effectively target multi-drug-resistant strains and prevent biofilm formation. Thus, it is interesting to have an overview of the development and applications of peptide dendrimers in antibacterial research, including the possibility of employing machine learning approaches for the design of AMPs and dendrimers. This review summarizes the synthesis and applications of peptide dendrimers as antibacterial agents. The challenges and perspectives of using peptide dendrimers as the antibacterial agents are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchita Paul
- Institute
of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang
Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Gangwal
School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Institute
of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang
Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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2
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Hadjicharalambous A, Bournakas N, Newman H, Skynner MJ, Beswick P. Antimicrobial and Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Understanding Penetration for the Design of Novel Conjugate Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1636. [PMID: 36421280 PMCID: PMC9686638 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short oligopeptides that can penetrate the bacterial inner and outer membranes. Together with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), they are called membrane active peptides; peptides which can translocate across biological membranes. Over the last fifty years, attempts have been made to understand the molecular features that drive the interactions of membranes with membrane active peptides. This review examines the features of a membrane these peptides exploit for translocation, as well as the physicochemical characteristics of membrane active peptides which are important for translocation. Moreover, it presents examples of how these features have been used in recent years to create conjugates consisting of a membrane active peptide, called a "vector", attached to either a current or novel antibiotic, called a "cargo" or "payload". In addition, the review discusses what properties may contribute to an ideal peptide vector able to deliver cargoes across the bacterial outer membrane as the rising issue of antimicrobial resistance demands new strategies to be employed to combat this global public health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hadjicharalambous
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- BicycleTx Limited, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK
| | - Nikolaos Bournakas
- BicycleTx Limited, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK
| | - Hector Newman
- BicycleTx Limited, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Michael J. Skynner
- BicycleTx Limited, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK
| | - Paul Beswick
- BicycleTx Limited, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK
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3
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Li W, Separovic F, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Wade JD. Chemically modified and conjugated antimicrobial peptides against superbugs. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4932-4973. [PMID: 33710195 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01026j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to human health that, by 2050, will lead to more deaths from bacterial infections than cancer. New antimicrobial agents, both broad-spectrum and selective, that do not induce AMR are urgently required. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a novel class of alternatives that possess potent activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and positive bacteria with little or no capacity to induce AMR. This has stimulated substantial chemical development of novel peptide-based antibiotics possessing improved therapeutic index. This review summarises recent synthetic efforts and their impact on analogue design as well as their various applications in AMP development. It includes modifications that have been reported to enhance antimicrobial activity including lipidation, glycosylation and multimerization through to the broad application of novel bio-orthogonal chemistry, as well as perspectives on the direction of future research. The subject area is primarily the development of next-generation antimicrobial agents through selective, rational chemical modification of AMPs. The review further serves as a guide toward the most promising directions in this field to stimulate broad scientific attention, and will lead to new, effective and selective solutions for the several biomedical challenges to which antimicrobial peptidomimetics are being applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Li
- Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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4
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Ramchuran EJ, Pérez-Guillén I, Bester LA, Khan R, Albericio F, Viñas M, de la Torre BG. Super-Cationic Peptide Dendrimers-Synthesis and Evaluation as Antimicrobial Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:695. [PMID: 34200662 PMCID: PMC8228121 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections are a major public health concern. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been demonstrated to be a plausible alternative to the current arsenal of drugs that has become inefficient due to multidrug resistance. Herein we describe a new AMP family, namely the super-cationic peptide dendrimers (SCPDs). Although all members of the series exert some antibacterial activity, we propose that special attention should be given to (KLK)2KLLKLL-NH2 (G1KLK-L2KL2), which shows selectivity for Gram-negative bacteria and virtually no cytotoxicity in HepG2 and HEK293. These results reinforce the validity of the SCPD family as a valuable class of AMP and support G1KLK-L2KL2 as a strong lead candidate for the future development of an antibacterial agent against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle J. Ramchuran
- Biomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (E.J.R.); (L.A.B.)
- Peptide Sciences Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Isabel Pérez-Guillén
- Lab Molecular Microbiology & Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical School-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Linda A. Bester
- Biomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (E.J.R.); (L.A.B.)
| | - René Khan
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Sciences Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Viñas
- Lab Molecular Microbiology & Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical School-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
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5
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Siriwardena T, Gan BH, Köhler T, van Delden C, Javor S, Reymond JL. Stereorandomization as a Method to Probe Peptide Bioactivity. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:126-134. [PMID: 33532575 PMCID: PMC7845017 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is usually performed with optically pure building blocks to prepare peptides as single enantiomers. Herein we report that SPPS using racemic amino acids provides stereorandomized (sr) peptides, containing up to billions of different stereoisomers, as well-defined single HPLC peaks, single mass products with high yield, which can be used to investigate peptide bioactivity. To exemplify our method, we show that stereorandomization abolishes the membrane-disruptive effect of α-helical amphiphilic antimicrobial peptides but preserves their antibiofilm effect, implying different mechanisms involving folded versus disordered conformations. For antimicrobial peptide dendrimers by contrast, stereorandomization preserves antibacterial, membrane-disruptive, and antibiofilm effects but reduces hemolysis and cytotoxicity, thereby increasing their therapeutic index. Finally, we identify partially stereorandomized analogues of the last resort cyclic peptide antibiotic polymyxin B with preserved antibacterial activity but lacking membrane-disruptive and lipopolysaccharide-neutralizing activity, pointing to the existence of additional targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thissa
N. Siriwardena
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bee-Ha Gan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Köhler
- Department
of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Service
of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian van Delden
- Department
of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Service
of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Optimization and computational studies evaluating molecular dynamics of EDA cored polymeric dendrimer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21977. [PMID: 33319804 PMCID: PMC7738488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we report the results acquired from molecular dynamics simulations as well as the optimization of different generations of polyamidoamine dendrimer. The analysis data revealed synthesized dendrimer as a suitable nanostructured candidate suitable for neutral as well as charged molecule delivery due to the presence of both electrostatic potential and van der Waals forces. The methyl ester terminating groups of half-generation dendrimers with characteristic IR peaks for carbonyl at 1670.41 cm−1 tends to shift to 1514.17 cm−1 on conversion to amide group of full-generation dendrimer. The study includes the usage of detailed analysis, demonstrating how molecular dynamics affect the dendrimer complexation. The present investigations provide an unprecedented insight into the computational and experimental system that may be of general significance for the clinical application of dendrimers.
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7
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Smith RJ, Gorman C, Menegatti S. Synthesis, structure, and function of internally functionalized dendrimers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Christopher Gorman
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center Raleigh North Carolina USA
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8
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Gan BH, Cai X, Javor S, Köhler T, Reymond JL. Synergistic Effect of Propidium Iodide and Small Molecule Antibiotics with the Antimicrobial Peptide Dendrimer G3KL against Gram-Negative Bacteria. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235643. [PMID: 33266085 PMCID: PMC7730455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop new antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Many antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are active against such bacteria and often act by destabilizing membranes, a mechanism that can also be used to permeabilize bacteria to other antibiotics, resulting in synergistic effects. We recently showed that G3KL, an AMP with a multibranched dendritic topology of the peptide chain, permeabilizes the inner and outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria including multidrug-resistant strains, leading to efficient bacterial killing. Here, we show that permeabilization of the outer and inner membranes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by G3KL, initially detected using the DNA-binding fluorogenic dye propidium iodide (PI), also leads to a synergistic effect between G3KL and PI in this bacterium. We also identify a synergistic effect between G3KL and six different antibiotics against the Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae, against which G3KL is inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee-Ha Gan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (B.-H.G.); (X.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Xingguang Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (B.-H.G.); (X.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (B.-H.G.); (X.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Thilo Köhler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (B.-H.G.); (X.C.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-631-43-11
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9
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Alfei S, Schito AM. From Nanobiotechnology, Positively Charged Biomimetic Dendrimers as Novel Antibacterial Agents: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2022. [PMID: 33066468 PMCID: PMC7602242 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The alarming increase in antimicrobial resistance, based on the built-in abilities of bacteria to nullify the activity of current antibiotics, leaves a growing number of bacterial infections untreatable. An appealing approach, advanced in recent decades, concerns the development of novel agents able to interact with the external layers of bacteria, causing irreparable damage. Regarding this, some natural cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) have been reconsidered, and synthetic cationic polymers, mimicking CAMPs and able to kill bacteria by non-specific detrimental interaction with the negative bacterial membranes, have been proposed as promising solutions. Lately, also dendrimers were considered suitable macromolecules for the preparation of more advanced cationic biomimetic nanoparticles, able to harmonize the typical properties of dendrimers, including nanosize, mono-dispersion, long-term stability, high functionality, and the non-specific mechanism of action of CAMPs. Although cationic dendrimers are extensively applied in nanomedicine for drug or gene delivery, their application as antimicrobial agents is still in its infancy. The state of the art of their potential applications in this important field has therefore been reviewed here, with particular attention to the innovative case studies in the literature including also amino acid-modified polyester-based dendrimers, practically unexplored as membrane-active antimicrobials and able to kill bacteria on contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, I-16132 Genova, Italy;
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10
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Adaptive and Mutational Responses to Peptide Dendrimer Antimicrobials in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02040-19. [PMID: 32015046 PMCID: PMC7179292 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02040-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin (polymyxin E) is a last-resort antibiotic against multidrug-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the nephro-toxicity of colistin limits its use, spurring the interest in novel antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Here, we show that the synthetic AMP-dendrimer G3KL (MW 4,531.38 Da, 15 positive charges, MIC = 8 mg/liter) showed faster killing than polymyxin B (Pmx-B) with no detectable resistance selection in P. aeruginosa strain PA14. Colistin (polymyxin E) is a last-resort antibiotic against multidrug-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the nephro-toxicity of colistin limits its use, spurring the interest in novel antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Here, we show that the synthetic AMP-dendrimer G3KL (MW 4,531.38 Da, 15 positive charges, MIC = 8 mg/liter) showed faster killing than polymyxin B (Pmx-B) with no detectable resistance selection in P. aeruginosa strain PA14. Spontaneous mutants selected on Pmx-B, harboring loss of function mutations in the PhoQ sensor kinase gene, showed increased Pmx-B MICs and arnB operon expression (4-amino-l-arabinose addition to lipid A), but remained susceptible to dendrimers. Two mutants carrying a missense mutation in the periplasmic loop of the PmrB sensor kinase showed increased MICs for Pmx-B (8-fold) and G3KL (4-fold) but not for the dendrimer T7 (MW 4,885.64 Da, 16 positive charges, MIC = 8 mg/liter). The pmrB mutants showed increased expression of the arnB operon as well as of the speD2-speE2-PA4775 operon, located upstream of pmrAB, and involved in polyamine biosynthesis. Exogenous supplementation with the polyamines spermine and norspermine increased G3KL and T7 MICs in a phoQ mutant background but not in the PA14 wild type. This suggests that both addition of 4-amino-l-arabinose and secretion of polyamines are required to reduce susceptibility to dendrimers, probably neutralizing the negative charges present on the lipid A and the 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid (KDO) sugars of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. We further show by transcriptome analysis that the dendrimers G3KL and T7 induce adaptive responses through the CprRS two-component system in PA14.
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11
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The Interaction of Flavonols with Membrane Components: Potential Effect on Antioxidant Activity. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:57-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Han X, Liu Y, Ma Y, Zhang M, He Z, Siriwardena TN, Xu H, Bai Y, Zhang X, Reymond JL, Qiao M. Peptide dendrimers G3KL and TNS18 inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5821-5830. [PMID: 31101943 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report that peptide dendrimers G3KL and TNS18, which were recently reported to control multidrug-resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii, strongly inhibit biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa PA14 below their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value, under which conditions they also strongly affect swarming motility. Eradication of preformed biofilms, however, required concentrations above the MIC values. Scanning electron microscopy observation and confocal laser scanning micrographs showed that peptide dendrimers can destroy the biofilm morphological structure and thickness in a dose-dependent manner, even make the biofilm dispersed completely. Membrane potential analysis indicated that planktonic cells treated with peptide dendrimers presented an increase in fluorescence intensity, suggesting that cytoplasmic membrane could be the target of G3KL and TNS18 similarly to polymyxin B. RNA-seq analysis showed that the expressions of genes in the arnBCADTEF operon-regulating lipid A modification resulting in resistance to AMPs are differentially affected between these three compounds, suggesting that each compound targets the cell membrane but in different manner. Potent activity on planktonic cells and biofilms of P. aeruginosa suggests that peptide dendrimers G3KL and TNS18 are promising candidates of clinical development for treating infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yibing Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengqing Zhang
- Electricity Information and Automation College, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China
| | - Zhengjin He
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Thissa N Siriwardena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Haijin Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanling Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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13
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Siriwardena TN, Lüscher A, Köhler T, van Delden C, Javor S, Reymond J. Antimicrobial Peptide Dendrimer Chimera. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thissa N. Siriwardena
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern, Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Lüscher
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Service of Infectious DiseasesUniversity Hospital of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Thilo Köhler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Service of Infectious DiseasesUniversity Hospital of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Christian van Delden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Service of Infectious DiseasesUniversity Hospital of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern, Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Jean‐Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern, Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
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14
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Brunetti J, Falciani C, Bracci L, Pini A. Branched peptides as bioactive molecules for drug design. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jlenia Brunetti
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Chiara Falciani
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Luisa Bracci
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of Siena Siena Italy
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15
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Siriwardena TN, Capecchi A, Gan B, Jin X, He R, Wei D, Ma L, Köhler T, van Delden C, Javor S, Reymond J. Optimizing Antimicrobial Peptide Dendrimers in Chemical Space. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thissa N. Siriwardena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Alice Capecchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Bee‐Ha Gan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Xian Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Runze He
- Shanghai Space Peptides Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Dengwen Wei
- Department of General Surgery Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, PLA 333 South Binhe Road, Qilihe District Lanzhou Gansu Province 730046 China
| | - Lan Ma
- Lanzhou Ruibei Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd. Lanzhou Gansu Province 730000 China
| | - Thilo Köhler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine University of Geneva
- Service of Infectious Diseases University Hospital of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Christian van Delden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine University of Geneva
- Service of Infectious Diseases University Hospital of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Jean‐Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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16
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Siriwardena TN, Capecchi A, Gan BH, Jin X, He R, Wei D, Ma L, Köhler T, van Delden C, Javor S, Reymond JL. Optimizing Antimicrobial Peptide Dendrimers in Chemical Space. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8483-8487. [PMID: 29767453 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We used nearest-neighbor searches in chemical space to improve the activity of the antimicrobial peptide dendrimer (AMPD) G3KL and identified dendrimer T7, which has an expanded activity range against Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria including Klebsiellae pneumoniae, increased serum stability, and promising activity in an in vivo infection model against a multidrug-resistant strain of Acinetobacter baumannii. Imaging, spectroscopic studies, and a structural model from molecular dynamics simulations suggest that T7 acts through membrane disruption. These experiments provide the first example of using virtual screening in the field of dendrimers and show that dendrimer size does not limit the activity of AMPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thissa N Siriwardena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alice Capecchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bee-Ha Gan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xian Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Runze He
- Shanghai Space Peptides Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Dengwen Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, PLA, 333 South Binhe Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Lanzhou Ruibei Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Thilo Köhler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva.,Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian van Delden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva.,Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Saha S, Verma RJ. Molecular interactions of active constituents of essential oils in zwitterionic lipid bilayers. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 213:76-87. [PMID: 29596800 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Eugenol and its related compounds are major active constituents of essential oils and have been extensively used as food flavoring agents with significant lipid peroxidation inhibition activity, highlighting the importance of understanding detailed molecular mechanisms behind their interactions with lipid bilayer. For this, we studied antioxidant activity of essential oils rich extract of Cinnamomum tamala leaves and molecular dynamics simulations of eugenol, isoeugenol, methyleugenol, acetyleugenol and eugenol oxide in POPC and PLPC lipid bilayers. All the compounds penetrated into bilayer however, isoeugenol showed highest affinity for the pure POPC and PLPC bilayers with lowest free energy profiles, formed more H-bonds with bilayer oxygen atoms and more pronounced changes in area per lipid and thickness of the bilayer, thus more efficient for scavenging radicals coming from outside as well as centrally located lipid peroxyl radicals. These molecular interactions rationalize the difference in inhibition activities of lipid peroxidation by eugenol and its related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Zoology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380 009, India.
| | - Ramtej J Verma
- Department of Zoology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380 009, India
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18
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Siriwardena TN, Stach M, He R, Gan BH, Javor S, Heitz M, Ma L, Cai X, Chen P, Wei D, Li H, Ma J, Köhler T, van Delden C, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Lipidated Peptide Dendrimers Killing Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:423-432. [PMID: 29206041 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
New antibiotics are urgently needed to address multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Herein we report that second-generation (G2) peptide dendrimers bearing a fatty acid chain at the dendrimer core efficiently kill Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, two of the most problematic MDR bacteria worldwide. Our most active dendrimer TNS18 is also active against Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Based on circular dichroism and molecular dynamics studies, we hypothesize that TNS18 adopts a hydrophobically collapsed conformation in water with the fatty acid chain backfolded onto the peptide dendrimer branches and that the dendrimer unfolds in contact with the membrane to expose its lipid chain and hydrophobic residues, thereby facilitating membrane disruption leading to rapid bacterial cell death. Dendrimer TNS18 shows promising in vivo activity against MDR clinical isolates of A. baumannii and Escherichia coli, suggesting that lipidated peptide dendrimers might become a new class of antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thissa N Siriwardena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Stach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Runze He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Shanghai Space Peptides Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bee-Ha Gan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Heitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lan Ma
- Shanghai Space Peptides Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , Shanghai 201210, China.,College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine , Dingxi East Road 35, Chenguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China.,Lanzhou Ruibei Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd. , Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Xiangju Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine , Dingxi East Road 35, Chenguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region , PLA, 333 South Binhe Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, China
| | - Dengwen Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region , PLA, 333 South Binhe Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region , PLA, 333 South Binhe Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine , Dingxi East Road 35, Chenguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Thilo Köhler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva , CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian van Delden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva , CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva , CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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19
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Di Bonaventura I, Jin X, Visini R, Probst D, Javor S, Gan BH, Michaud G, Natalello A, Doglia SM, Köhler T, van Delden C, Stocker A, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Chemical space guided discovery of antimicrobial bridged bicyclic peptides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its biofilms. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6784-6798. [PMID: 29147502 PMCID: PMC5643981 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01314k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the discovery of antimicrobial bridged bicyclic peptides (AMBPs) active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a highly problematic Gram negative bacterium in the hospital environment. Two of these AMBPs show strong biofilm inhibition and dispersal activity and enhance the activity of polymyxin, currently a last resort antibiotic against which resistance is emerging. To discover our AMBPs we used the concept of chemical space, which is well known in the area of small molecule drug discovery, to define a small number of test compounds for synthesis and experimental evaluation. Our chemical space was calculated using 2DP, a new topological shape and pharmacophore fingerprint for peptides. This method provides a general strategy to search for bioactive peptides with unusual topologies and expand the structural diversity of peptide-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Di Bonaventura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Xian Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Ricardo Visini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Daniel Probst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Bee-Ha Gan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Gaëlle Michaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2 , 20126 Milan , Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Doglia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2 , 20126 Milan , Italy
| | - Thilo Köhler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine , University of Geneva, and Service of Infectious Diseases , University Hospital of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Christian van Delden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine , University of Geneva, and Service of Infectious Diseases , University Hospital of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Achim Stocker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland .
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20
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21
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Antimicrobial Dendrimeric Peptides: Structure, Activity and New Therapeutic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030542. [PMID: 28273806 PMCID: PMC5372558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics is one of the most outstanding medical and scientific challenges of our times. Despite the recognised need for new anti-infective agents, however, very few new drugs have been brought to the market and to the clinic in the last three decades. This review highlights the properties of a new class of antibiotics, namely dendrimeric peptides. These intriguing novel compounds, generally made of multiple peptidic sequences linked to an inner branched core, display an array of antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activities, usually coupled to low haemolytic activity. In addition, several peptides synthesized in oligobranched form proved to be promising tools for the selective treatment of cancer cells.
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22
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Filipe LCS, Machuqueiro M, Darbre T, Baptista AM. Exploring the Structural Properties of Positively Charged Peptide Dendrimers. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11323-11330. [PMID: 27739676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b09156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report a combined experimental and computational approach to study the structural behavior of positively charged peptide dendrimers. Third-generation dendrimers containing combinations of positive/neutral amino acid residues in the different dendrimer generations were synthesized and their overall size evaluated using diffusion NMR. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to obtain a comprehensive description of the molecular-level phenomena substantiating the structural differences observed. Comparison of the results presented with previous findings reveals a striking charge-dependent tendency in these systems, where the simple number and placement of charged amino acids in the sequence allows an extensive control over the exhibited structural features. Indeed, we observe that peptide dendrimers bearing progressively higher amounts of charged residues are characterized by an increasing structural plasticity, with a myriad of conformational states equally accessible to them. On the other hand, dendrimers containing only small amounts of charged residues evidence, to some extent, a characteristic structural rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís C S Filipe
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Av. da República, EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Miguel Machuqueiro
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa , 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - António M Baptista
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Av. da República, EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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23
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Filipe LCS, Campos SRR, Machuqueiro M, Darbre T, Baptista AM. Structuring Peptide Dendrimers through pH Modulation and Substrate Binding. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:10138-10152. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís C. S. Filipe
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sara R. R. Campos
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Miguel Machuqueiro
- Centro
de Química e Bioquímica and Departamento de Química
e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - António M. Baptista
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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24
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Vries RD, Andrade CAS, Bakuzis AF, Mandal SM, Franco OL. Next-generation nanoantibacterial tools developed from peptides. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1643-61. [PMID: 26008197 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria resistant against various antimicrobial compounds have emerged in many countries, and the age of resistance has just started. Among the more promising novel antimicrobial compounds on which current research is focusing are the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These are often less susceptible to bacterial resistance since multiple modifications in the cellular membranes, cell wall and metabolism are required to reduce their effectiveness. Most likely, the use of pure AMPs will be insufficient for controlling pathogenic bacteria, and innovative approaches are required to employ AMPs in new antibiotic treatments. Therefore, here we review novel bionanotechnological approaches, including nanofibers, nanoparticles and magnetic particles for effectively using AMPs in fighting infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renko de Vries
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cesar A S Andrade
- 3Departamento de Bioquímica e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Andris F Bakuzis
- 4Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Santi M Mandal
- 5Anti-Infective Research Lab, Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, Índia
| | - Octavio L Franco
- 6Centro de Análises, Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, 70790-160, Brazil.,7S-Inova, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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25
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In Vitro Activity of the Novel Antimicrobial Peptide Dendrimer G3KL against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:7915-8. [PMID: 26459893 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01853-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activity of the novel antimicrobial peptide dendrimer G3KL was evaluated against 32 Acinetobacter baumannii (including 10 OXA-23, 7 OXA-24, and 11 OXA-58 carbapenemase producers) and 35 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (including 18 VIM and 3 IMP carbapenemase producers) strains and compared to the activities of standard antibiotics. Overall, both species collections showed MIC50/90 values of 8/8 μg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentrations at which 50% or 90% of strains tested are killed (MBC50/90) of 8/8 μg/ml. G3KL is a promising molecule with antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa isolates.
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26
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Lind TK, Darré L, Domene C, Urbanczyk-Lipkowska Z, Cárdenas M, Wacklin HP. Antimicrobial peptide dendrimer interacts with phosphocholine membranes in a fluidity dependent manner: A neutron reflection study combined with molecular dynamics simulations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2075-84. [PMID: 26025586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The interaction mechanism of a novel amphiphilic antimicrobial peptide dendrimer, BALY, with model lipid bilayers was explored through a combination of neutron reflection and molecular dynamics simulations. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phos-phocholine (DPPC) lipid bilayers were examined at room temperature to extract information on the interaction of BALY with fluid and gel phases, respectively. Furthermore, a 1:4 mixture of POPC and DPPC was used as a model of a phase-separated membrane. Upon interaction with fluid membranes, BALY inserted in the distal leaflet and caused thinning and disordering of the headgroups. Membrane thinning and expansion of the lipid cross-sectional area were observed for gel phase membranes, also with limited insertion to the distal leaflet. However, dendrimer insertion through the entire lipid tail region was observed upon crossing the lipid phase transition temperature of DPPC and in phase separated membranes. The results show clear differences in the interaction mechanism of the dendrimer depending on the lipid membrane fluidity, and suggest a role for lipid phase separation in promoting its antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Lind
- Institute of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; European Spallation Source ESS AB, P.O. Box 176, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - L Darré
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - C Domene
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - M Cárdenas
- Institute of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Malmoe University, Health & Society, 20506 Malmoe, Sweden.
| | - H P Wacklin
- Institute of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; European Spallation Source ESS AB, P.O. Box 176, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
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27
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Eggimann GA, Blattes E, Buschor S, Biswas R, Kammer SM, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Designed cell penetrating peptide dendrimers efficiently internalize cargo into cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:7254-7. [PMID: 24870379 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02780a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Redesigning linear cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) into a multi-branched topology with short dipeptide branches gave cell penetrating peptide dendrimers (CPPDs) with higher cell penetration, lower toxicity and hemolysis and higher serum stability than linear CPPs. Their use is demonstrated by delivering a cytotoxic peptide and paclitaxel into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Eggimann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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28
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Szyrwiel Ł, Pap JS, Szczukowski Ł, Kerner Z, Brasuń J, Setner B, Szewczuk Z, Malinka W. Branched peptide with three histidines for the promotion of CuII binding in a wide pH range – complementary potentiometric, spectroscopic and electrochemical studies. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08602g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-arm, His-rich branched peptide stabilizes 1 : 1 CuII complex forms by switching between N- and C-terminal His coordination upon changes in pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - József S. Pap
- MTA Centre for Energy Research
- Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Department
- H-1525 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Łukasz Szczukowski
- Department of Chemistry of Drugs
- Wrocław Medical University
- 50-552 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Zsolt Kerner
- MTA Centre for Energy Research
- Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Department
- H-1525 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Justyna Brasuń
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Wroclaw Medical University
- 50-552 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - Bartosz Setner
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | | | - Wiesław Malinka
- Department of Chemistry of Drugs
- Wrocław Medical University
- 50-552 Wrocław
- Poland
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29
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Martinho N, Florindo H, Silva L, Brocchini S, Zloh M, Barata T. Molecular Modeling to Study Dendrimers for Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2014; 19:20424-20467. [PMID: 25493631 PMCID: PMC6270869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191220424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular modeling techniques provide a powerful tool to study the properties of molecules and their interactions at the molecular level. The use of computational techniques to predict interaction patterns and molecular properties can inform the design of drug delivery systems and therapeutic agents. Dendrimers are hyperbranched macromolecular structures that comprise repetitive building blocks and have defined architecture and functionality. Their unique structural features can be exploited to design novel carriers for both therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Many studies have been performed to iteratively optimise the properties of dendrimers in solution as well as their interaction with drugs, nucleic acids, proteins and lipid membranes. Key features including dendrimer size and surface have been revealed that can be modified to increase their performance as drug carriers. Computational studies have supported experimental work by providing valuable insights about dendrimer structure and possible molecular interactions at the molecular level. The progress in computational simulation techniques and models provides a basis to improve our ability to better predict and understand the biological activities and interactions of dendrimers. This review will focus on the use of molecular modeling tools for the study and design of dendrimers, with particular emphasis on the efforts that have been made to improve the efficacy of this class of molecules in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Martinho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, Lisbon 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Helena Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, Lisbon 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Liana Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, Lisbon 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Steve Brocchini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Mire Zloh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.
| | - Teresa Barata
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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30
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Stach M, Siriwardena TN, Köhler T, van Delden C, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Combining topology and sequence design for the discovery of potent antimicrobial peptide dendrimers against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12827-31. [PMID: 25346278 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant opportunistic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, represent a major public health threat. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and related peptidomimetic systems offer an attractive opportunity to control these pathogens. AMP dendrimers (AMPDs) with high activity against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were now identified by a systematic survey of the peptide sequences within the branches of a distinct type of third-generation peptide dendrimers. Combined topology and peptide sequence design as illustrated here represents a new and general strategy to discover new antimicrobial agents to fight multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Stach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern (Switzerland)
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Stach M, Siriwardena TN, Köhler T, van Delden C, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Combining Topology and Sequence Design for the Discovery of Potent Antimicrobial Peptide Dendrimers against Multidrug-ResistantPseudomonas aeruginosa. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ravi HK, Stach M, Soares TA, Darbre T, Reymond JL, Cascella M. Electrostatics and flexibility drive membrane recognition and early penetration by the antimicrobial peptide dendrimer bH1. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:8821-3. [PMID: 23959139 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44912b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations of the polycationic antimicrobial peptide dendrimer (Leu)8(DapLeu)4(DapPhe)2DapLys-NH2 binding to membranes suggest that electrostatic interactions with the polyanionic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and conformational flexibility of the 2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (Dap) branching units drive its selective insertion into microbial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish K Ravi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Lind TK, Zielińska P, Wacklin HP, Urbańczyk-Lipkowska Z, Cárdenas M. Continuous flow atomic force microscopy imaging reveals fluidity and time-dependent interactions of antimicrobial dendrimer with model lipid membranes. ACS NANO 2014; 8:396-408. [PMID: 24303991 DOI: 10.1021/nn404530z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an amphiphilic peptide dendrimer with potential applications against multi-resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus was synthesized and studied on model cell membranes. The combination of quartz crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy imaging during continuous flow allowed for in situ monitoring of the very initial interaction processes and membrane transformations on longer time scales. We used three different membrane compositions of low and high melting temperature phospholipids to vary the membrane properties from a single fluid phase to a pure gel phase, while crossing the phase coexistence boundaries at room temperature. The interaction mechanism of the dendrimer was found to be time-dependent and to vary remarkably with the fluidity and coexistence of liquid-solid phases in the membrane. Spherical micelle-like dendrimer-lipid aggregates were formed in the fluid-phase bilayer and led to partial solubilization of the membrane, while in gel-phase membranes, the dendrimers caused areas of local depressions followed by redeposition of flexible lipid patches. Domain coexistence led to a sequence of events initiated by the formation of a ribbon-like network and followed by membrane solubilization via spherical aggregates from the edges of bilayer patches. Our results show that the dendrimer molecules were able to destroy the membrane integrity through different mechanisms depending on the lipid phase and morphology and shed light on their antimicrobial activity. These findings could have an impact on the efficacy of the dendrimers since lipid membranes in certain bacteria have transition temperatures very close to the host body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Kjellerup Lind
- Nano-Science Center and Institute of Chemistry, Copenhagen University , København DK2100, Denmark
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Filipe LCS, Machuqueiro M, Darbre T, Baptista AM. Unraveling the Conformational Determinants of Peptide Dendrimers Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401574b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís C. S. Filipe
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química
e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República,
EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Miguel Machuqueiro
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - António M. Baptista
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química
e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República,
EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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Wei J, Shi J, Zhang J, He G, Pan J, He J, Zhou R, Guo L, Ouyang L. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of enzymatically cleavable NSAIDs prodrugs derived from self-immolative dendritic scaffolds for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4192-200. [PMID: 23719287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that delivery systems based on dendritic prodrugs of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) improved the properties of drug molecules and reduced the side effects and irritation on the gastric mucosa. To find a more effective way in NSAIDs dendritic prodrugs, in this paper, three different dendritic scaffolds of enzymatically cleavable naproxen conjugates have been synthesized in a convergent approach and well characterized by NMR and MS techniques. These self-immolative dendritic NISADs prodrugs programmed to release multiple molecules of the potent naproxen after a single enzymatic activation step, and in 50% human plasma, the drug released from the compound T3 reaching 47.3% after 24h in vitro assay. Moreover, all prodrugs were also found to maintain more significant anti-inflammatory activity, no significant cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells and less degree of ulcerogenic potential in vivo than their monomeric counterpart naproxen. These results provided an effective entry to the development of new dendritic NSAIDs prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Reymond JL, Bergmann M, Darbre T. Glycopeptide dendrimers as Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm inhibitors. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4814-22. [PMID: 23370573 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35504g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic glycopeptide dendrimers composed of a branched oligopeptide tree structure appended with glycosidic groups at its multiple N-termini were investigated for binding to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectins LecB and LecA. These lectins are partly responsible for the formation of antibiotic resistant biofilms in the human pathogenic bacterium P. aeruginosa, which causes lethal airway infections in immune-compromised and cystic fibrosis patients. Glycopeptide dendrimers with high affinity to the lectins were identified by screening of combinatorial libraries. Several of these dendrimers, in particular the LecB specific glycopeptide dendrimers FD2 and D-FD2 and the LecA specific glycopeptide dendrimers GalAG2 and GalBG2, also efficiently block P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and induce biofilm dispersal in vitro. Structure-activity relationship and structural studies are reviewed, in particular the observation that multivalency is essential to the anti-biofilm effect in these dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freistrasse 3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland.
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Eggimann GA, Buschor S, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Convergent synthesis and cellular uptake of multivalent cell penetrating peptides derived from Tat, Antp, pVEC, TP10 and SAP. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6717-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Albada HB, Chiriac AI, Wenzel M, Penkova M, Bandow JE, Sahl HG, Metzler-Nolte N. Modulating the activity of short arginine-tryptophan containing antibacterial peptides with N-terminal metallocenoyl groups. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1753-64. [PMID: 23209509 PMCID: PMC3511009 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of small synthetic arginine and tryptophan containing peptides was prepared and analyzed for their antibacterial activity. The effect of N-terminal substitution with metallocenoyl groups such as ferrocene (FcCO) and ruthenocene (RcCO) was investigated. Antibacterial activity in different media, growth inhibition, and killing kinetics of the most active peptides were determined. The toxicity of selected derivatives was determined against erythrocytes and three human cancer cell lines. It was shown that the replacement of an N-terminal arginine residue with a metallocenoyl moiety modulates the activity of WRWRW-peptides against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. MIC values of 2–6 µM for RcCO-W(RW)2 and 1–11 µM for (RW)3 were determined. Interestingly, W(RW)2-peptides derivatized with ferrocene were significantly less active than those derivatized with ruthenocene which have similar structural but different electronic properties, suggesting a major influence of the latter. The high activities observed for the RcCO-W(RW)2- and (RW)3-peptides led to an investigation of the origin of activity of these peptides using several important activity-related parameters. Firstly, killing kinetics of the RcCO-W(RW)2-peptide versus killing kinetics of the (RW)3 derivative showed faster reduction of the colony forming units for the RcCO-W(RW)2-peptide, although MIC values indicated higher activity for the (RW)3-peptide. This was confirmed by growth inhibition studies. Secondly, hemolysis studies revealed that both peptides did not lead to significant destruction of erythrocytes, even up to 500 µg/mL for (RW)3 and 250 µg/mL for RcCO-W(RW)2. In addition, toxicity against three human cancer cell lines (HepG2, HT29, MCF7) showed that the (RW)3-peptide had an IC50 value of ~140 µM and the RcW(RW)2 one of ~90 µM, indicating a potentially interesting therapeutic window. Both the killing kinetics and growth inhibition studies presented in this work point to a membrane-based mode of action for these two peptides, each having different kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bauke Albada
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Reymond JL, Darbre T. Peptide and glycopeptide dendrimer apple trees as enzyme models and for biomedical applications. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1483-92. [PMID: 22274649 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06938e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) provides peptides with a dendritic topology when diamino acids are introduced in the sequences. Peptide dendrimers with one to three amino acids between branches can be prepared with up to 38 amino acids (MW ~ 5,000 Da). Larger peptide dendrimers (MW ~ 30,000) were obtained by a multivalent chloroacetyl cysteine (ClAc) ligation. Structural studies of peptide dendrimers by CD, FT-IR, NMR and molecular dynamics reveal molten globule states containing up to 50% of α-helix. Esterase and aldolase peptide dendrimers displaying dendritic effects and enzyme kinetics (k(cat)/k(uncat) ~ 10(5)) were designed or discovered by screening large combinatorial libraries. Strong ligands for Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectins LecA and LecB able to inhibit biofilm formation were obtained with glycopeptide dendrimers. Efficient ligands for cobalamin, cytotoxic colchicine conjugates and antimicrobial peptide dendrimers were also developed showing the versatility of dendritic peptides. Complementing the multivalency, the amino acid composition of the dendrimers strongly influenced the catalytic or biological activity obtained demonstrating the importance of the "apple tree" configuration for protein-like function in peptide dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
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