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Ramchuran EJ, Pérez-Guillén I, Bester LA, Khan R, Albericio F, Viñas M, de la Torre BG. Super-Cationic Peptide Dendrimers-Synthesis and Evaluation as Antimicrobial Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:695. [PMID: 34200662 PMCID: PMC8228121 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections are a major public health concern. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been demonstrated to be a plausible alternative to the current arsenal of drugs that has become inefficient due to multidrug resistance. Herein we describe a new AMP family, namely the super-cationic peptide dendrimers (SCPDs). Although all members of the series exert some antibacterial activity, we propose that special attention should be given to (KLK)2KLLKLL-NH2 (G1KLK-L2KL2), which shows selectivity for Gram-negative bacteria and virtually no cytotoxicity in HepG2 and HEK293. These results reinforce the validity of the SCPD family as a valuable class of AMP and support G1KLK-L2KL2 as a strong lead candidate for the future development of an antibacterial agent against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle J. Ramchuran
- Biomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (E.J.R.); (L.A.B.)
- Peptide Sciences Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Isabel Pérez-Guillén
- Lab Molecular Microbiology & Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical School-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Linda A. Bester
- Biomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (E.J.R.); (L.A.B.)
| | - René Khan
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Sciences Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Viñas
- Lab Molecular Microbiology & Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical School-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
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Ramchuran EJ, Somboro AM, Abdel Monaim SAH, Amoako DG, Parboosing R, Kumalo HM, Agrawal N, Albericio F, Torre BGDL, Bester LA. In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Teixobactin Derivatives on Clinically Relevant Bacterial Isolates. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1535. [PMID: 30050518 PMCID: PMC6051056 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) are included on the WHO high priority list of pathogens that require urgent intervention. Hence emphasis needs to be placed on developing novel class of molecules to tackle these pathogens. Teixobactin is a new class of antibiotic that has demonstrated antimicrobial activity against common bacteria. Here we examined the antimicrobial properties of three Teixobactin derivatives against clinically relevant bacterial isolates taken from South African patients. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), the effect of serum on MICs and the time-kill kinetics studies of our synthesized Teixobactin derivatives (3, 4, and 5) were ascertained following the CLSI 2017 guidelines and using the broth microdilution method. Haemolysis on red blood cells (RBCs) and cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were performed to determine the safety of these compounds. The MICs of 3, 4, and 5 against reference strains were 4–64 μg/ml, 2–64 μg/ml, and 0.5–64 μg/ml, respectively. The MICs observed for MRSA were (3) 32 μg/ml, (4) 2–4 μg/ml and (5) 2–4 μg/ml whilst those for VRE were (3) 8–16 μg/ml, (4) 4 μg/ml and (5) 2–16 μg/ml, respectively. In the presence of 50% human serum, there was no significant effect on the MICs. The compounds did not exhibit any effect on cell viability at their effective concentrations. Teixobactin derivatives (3, 4, and 5) inhibited bacterial growth in drug-resistant bacteria and hence emerge as potential antimicrobial agents. Molecular dynamic simulations suggested that the most dominant binding mode of Lys10-teixobactin (4) to lipid II is through the amide protons of the cycle, which is identical to data described in the literature for the natural teixobactin hence predicting the possibility of a similar mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle J Ramchuran
- Biomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anou M Somboro
- Biomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Shimaa A H Abdel Monaim
- Peptide Research Group, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Daniel G Amoako
- Biomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Raveen Parboosing
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hezekiel M Kumalo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nikhil Agrawal
- KRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Research Group, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz G de La Torre
- KRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Linda A Bester
- Biomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Abdel Monaim SAH, Ramchuran EJ, El-Faham A, Albericio F, de la Torre BG. Converting Teixobactin into a Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide (AMP). J Med Chem 2017; 60:7476-7482. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A. H. Abdel Monaim
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Estelle J. Ramchuran
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 12321, Egypt
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering,
Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona
Science Park, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- KRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
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Abdel Monaim SH, Jad YE, Ramchuran EJ, El-Faham A, Govender T, Kruger HG, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Lysine Scanning of Arg 10-Teixobactin: Deciphering the Role of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Residues. ACS Omega 2016; 1:1262-1265. [PMID: 30023506 PMCID: PMC6044708 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Teixobactin is a recently discovered antimicrobial cyclodepsipeptide with good activity against Gram positive bacteria. Taking Arg10-teixobactin as a reference, where the nonproteinogenic residue l-allo-enduracididine was substituted by arginine, a lysine scan was performed to identify the importance of keeping the balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids for the antimicrobial activities of this peptide family. Thus, the substitution of four isoleucine residues present in the natural sequence by lysine led to a total loss of activity. On the other hand, the substitution of the polar noncharged residues and alanine by lysine allowed us to keep and in some cases to improve the antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa
A. H. Abdel Monaim
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry
and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Durban 4001, South
Africa
| | - Yahya E. Jad
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry
and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Durban 4001, South
Africa
| | - Estelle J. Ramchuran
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry
and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Durban 4001, South
Africa
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria
University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry
and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Durban 4001, South
Africa
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry
and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Durban 4001, South
Africa
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry
and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Durban 4001, South
Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry
and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Durban 4001, South
Africa
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Networking
Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Abdel Monaim SAH, Jad YE, Acosta GA, Naicker T, Ramchuran EJ, El-Faham A, Govender T, Kruger HG, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Re-evaluation of the N-terminal substitution and the D-residues of teixobactin. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17720d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Teixobactin is a head to side-chain cyclic depsipeptide with a guanidino based residue within the cycle, three d-amino acids in the tail, and a N-methylated terminal residue.
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