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A comprehensive review on zinc(II) complexes as anti-diabetic agents: The advances, scientific gaps and prospects. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104744. [PMID: 32156651 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc has gained notable attention in the development of potent anti-diabetic agents, due to its role in insulin storage and secretion, as well as its reported insulin mimetic properties. Consequently, zinc(II) has been complexed with numerous organic ligands as an adjuvant to develop anti-diabetic agents with improved and/or broader scope of pharmacological properties. This review focuses on the research advances thus far to identify the major scientific gaps and prospects. Peer-reviewed published data on the anti-diabetic effects of zinc(II) complexes were sourced from different scientific search engines, including, but not limited to "PubMed", "Google Scholar", "Scopus" and ScienceDirect to identify potent anti-diabetic zinc(II) complexes. The complexes were subcategorized according to their precursor ligands. A critical analysis of the outcomes from published studies shows promising leads, with Zn(II) complexes having a "tri-facet" mode of exerting pharmacological effects. However, the promising leads have been flawed by some major scientific gaps. While zinc(II) complexes of synthetic ligands with little or no anti-diabetic pharmacological history remain the most studied (about 72 %), their toxicity profile was not reported, which raises safety concerns for clinical relevance. The zinc(II) complexes of plant polyphenols; natural ligands, such as maltol and hinokitiol; and supplements, such as ascorbic acid (a natural antioxidant), l-threonine and l-carnitine, showed promising insulin mimetic and glycemic control properties but remain understudied and lack clinical validation, in spite of their minimal safety concerns and health benefits. A paradigm shift toward probing (including clinical studies) supplements, plant polyphenol and natural ligands as anti-diabetic zinc(II) complex is, therefore, recommended. Also, promising anti-diabetic Zn(II) complexes of synthetic ligands should undergo critical toxicity evaluation to address possible safety concerns.
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Naito Y, Yamamoto H, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui H. In Vivo Effect of Bis(Maltolato)Zinc(II) Complex on Akt Phosphorylation in Adipose Tissues of Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 192:206-213. [PMID: 30706355 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-1648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The risk of serious complication gradually increases as diabetes mellitus (DM) progresses. Thus, strategies for the prevention and delay of symptom progression are urgently needed. Previously, we synthesized zinc (Zn) complexes estimated to have a high bioavailability and evaluated their insulin-like anti-DM effects. However, in vivo studies of the effects of Zn compounds on the insulin signaling pathway and the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-diabetic activities of Zn complexes were unresolved. In this study, we evaluated the effect of bis(maltolato)zinc(II) complex [Zn(mal)2] on male ICR mice (6-week-old) that received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of [Zn(mal)2]. The liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissues were collected from mice under anesthesia with isoflurane 40 or 90 min after i.p. injection. The [Zn(mal)2]-treatment did not affect Akt phosphorylation in the liver or skeletal muscle. In contrast, in adipose tissues, [Zn(mal)2]-treatment showed increased Akt phosphorylation at 40 min and 90 min after injection (p < 0.01 vs. control). The Zn distribution in the organs was evaluated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Notably, high Zn accumulation was observed in the adipose tissue (4.5 ± 2.7 μg Zn/g wet weight), and this value was about six times higher than in the control mice (p < 0.01). Based on the observed organ-specific distribution of [Zn(mal)2], we suggest that it does not directly promote glycogen synthesis in the liver but may impact the insulin signaling pathway in adipose tissues. Our results may contribute to the clinical use of zinc compounds for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Naito
- Department of Analytical & Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical & Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Yamamoto
- Department of Analytical & Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical & Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Analytical & Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical & Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, 4-7-2 Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0046, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Department of Analytical & Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical & Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
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Kawano S, Yoshikawa Y, Kato A, Higashi S, Mitani K, Yasui H, Habata Y, Kuwahara S, Sasaki K, Saito R. Potential antidiabetic zinc(II) complexes of novel 5-oxo-2-thioxopyrrolidine derivatives synthesized via an unprecedented reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tsave O, Yavropoulou MP, Kafantari M, Gabriel C, Yovos JG, Salifoglou A. Comparative assessment of metal-specific adipogenic activity in zinc and vanadium-citrates through associated gene expression. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 186:217-227. [PMID: 29966853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus comprises a group of metabolic abnormalities due to insulin deficiency and/or resistance. Obesity contributes to diabetes, with a strong causal relationship existing between diabetes and insulin resistance, especially in patients with Diabetes mellitus II. Adipocytes emerge as key constituents of adipose tissue physiology. In their pre-mature form to mature state transformation, adipocytes fully exemplify one of the key adipogenic actions of insulin. Poised to a) gain insight into adipogenesis leading to antidiabetic factors, and b) investigate adipogenesis through careful examination of insulin contributions to interwoven mechanistic pathways, a systematic comparative study was launched involving well-defined metal-citrates (zinc and vanadium), the chemical reactivity of which was in line with their chemistry under physiological conditions. Selection of the specific compounds was based on their common aqueous coordination chemistry involving the physiological chelator citric acid. Cellular maturation of pre-adipocytes to their mature form was pursued in the presence-absence of insulin and employment of closely linked genetic targets, key to adipocyte maturation (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), Glucose transporter 1,3,4 (GLUT 1,3,4), Adiponectin (ADIPOQ), Glucokinase (GCK), and Insulin receptor (INS-R)). The results show a) distinct adipogenic biological profiles for the metalloforms involved in a dose-, time- and nature-dependent manner, and b) metal ion-specific adipogenic response-signals at the same or higher level than insulin toward all selected targets. Collectively, the foundations have been established for future exploitation of the distinct metal-specific adipogenic factors contributing to the functional maturation of adipose tissue and their use toward hyperglycemic control in Diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tsave
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - M P Yavropoulou
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, 1(st) Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA, University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - M Kafantari
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - C Gabriel
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; Center for Research of the Structure of Matter, Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - J G Yovos
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, 1(st) Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA, University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - A Salifoglou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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Halevas E, Tsave O, Yavropoulou M, Yovos JG, Hatzidimitriou A, Psycharis V, Salifoglou A. In vitro structure-specific Zn(II)-induced adipogenesis and structure-function bioreactivity correlations. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 177:228-246. [PMID: 29073545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The advent of Zn(II) metallodrugs in metabolic syndrome pathologies generates a strong challenge toward synthetic endeavors targeting well-defined, atoxic and biologically active binary/ternary species of Zn(II). Proper formulation of that metal ion's coordination sphere sets the stage for construction of appropriately configured Schiff ligands based on tromethamine and variably modified vanillin core components. The arising Schiff ligands react with Zn(II) in a defined stoichiometry, thereby delivering new binary Zn(II)-L species with defined physicochemical properties. Analytical (elemental), spectroscopic (FT-IR, Thermogravimetric Analysis) and crystallographic techniques attest to the distinct nature of the derived binary-ternary materials, bearing defined Zn(II):L molecular stoichiometry, variable nuclearity, charge, bulk and balance mix of hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity, thereby providing the physicochemical profile based on which biological studies could ensue. The structurally based selection of species was applied onto in vitro 3T3-L1 cultures, essentially exploring toxicity, migration, morphology, cell differentiation and maturation. The systematic effort toward comparative work on appropriately defined Zn(II) species and insulin in inducing adipogenesis reveals the salient structural features in the Schiff family of ligands configuring Zn(II) so as to promote complex formation sufficient to engage biomolecular targets during the process of initiation and maturation. Molecular targets of importance in adipogenesis were examined under the influence of Zn(II) and their expression levels suggest the structural composition that a Zn(II) ion might have to optimally pursue cell differentiation. Thus, a well-defined selection of binary Zn(II)-L species is tightly associated with the incurred bioactivity, thereby setting the stage for the development of efficient Zn(II) metallodrugs to combat Diabetes mellitus II.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Halevas
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - O Tsave
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - M Yavropoulou
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - J G Yovos
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - A Hatzidimitriou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - V Psycharis
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Physicochemical Processes, Nanotechnology and Microsystems, Department of Materials Science, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi 15310, Attiki, Greece
| | - A Salifoglou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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Saito R, Tamura M, Kawano S, Yoshikawa Y, Kato A, Sasaki K, Yasui H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamides and their zinc(ii) complexes as candidate antidiabetic agents. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00970d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five new zinc(ii) complexes with 4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamides were synthesized, and four of them exhibited insulin-mimetic activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Saito
- Department of Chemistry
- Toho University
- Chiba 274-8510
- Japan
- Research Center for Materials with Integrated Properties
| | - Moe Tamura
- Department of Chemistry
- Toho University
- Chiba 274-8510
- Japan
| | - Saya Kawano
- Department of Chemistry
- Toho University
- Chiba 274-8510
- Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Health
- Sports and Nutrition
- Kobe Women's University
- Kobe 650-0046
- Japan
| | - Akihiro Kato
- Department of Chemistry
- Toho University
- Chiba 274-8510
- Japan
| | - Kaname Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry
- Toho University
- Chiba 274-8510
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
- Kyoto 607-8414
- Japan
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Koleša-Dobravc T, Maejima K, Yoshikawa Y, Meden A, Yasui H, Perdih F. Vanadium and zinc complexes of 5-cyanopicolinate and pyrazine derivatives: synthesis, structural elucidation and in vitro insulino-mimetic activity study. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02961b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of free fatty acid release from rat adipocytes was observed for vanadium(iv), vanadium(v) and zinc(ii) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Koleša-Dobravc
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- University of Ljubljana
- SI-1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Keiichi Maejima
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Division of Analytical and Physical Chemistry
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
- Kyoto 607-8414
- Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition
- Faculty of Health and Welfare
- Kobe Women's University
- Kobe
- Japan
| | - Anton Meden
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- University of Ljubljana
- SI-1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Division of Analytical and Physical Chemistry
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
- Kyoto 607-8414
- Japan
| | - Franc Perdih
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- University of Ljubljana
- SI-1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
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Miyazaki R, Yasui H, Yoshikawa Y. <i>α</i>-Glucosidase Inhibition by New Schiff Base Complexes of Zn(II). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ojic.2016.62007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mukherjee T, Pessoa JC, Kumar A, Sarkar AR. Formation of an unusual pyridoxal derivative: Characterization of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes and evaluation of binding to DNA and to human serum albumin. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mukherjee T, Pessoa JC, Kumar A, Sarkar AR. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, insulin-enhancment, and competitive DNA binding activity of a new Zn(ii) complex with a vitamin B6 derivative—a new fluorescence probe for Zn(ii). Dalton Trans 2012; 41:5260-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12298g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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