1
|
Mosquera J, Wang D, Bals S, Liz-Marzán LM. Surfactant Layers on Gold Nanorods. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:1204-1212. [PMID: 37155922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusGold nanorods (Au NRs) are an exceptionally promising tool in nanotechnology due to three key factors: (i) their strong interaction with electromagnetic radiation, stemming from their plasmonic nature, (ii) the ease with which the resonance frequency of their longitudinal plasmon mode can be tuned from the visible to the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum based on their aspect ratio, and (iii) their simple and cost-effective preparation through seed-mediated chemical growth. In this synthetic method, surfactants play a critical role in controlling the size, shape, and colloidal stability of Au NRs. For example, surfactants can stabilize specific crystallographic facets during the formation of Au NRs, leading to the formation of NRs with specific morphologies.The process of surfactant adsorption onto the NR surface may result in various assemblies of surfactant molecules, such as spherical micelles, elongated micelles, or bilayers. Again, the assembly mode is critical toward determining the further availability of the Au NR surface to the surrounding medium. Despite its importance and a great deal of research effort, the interaction between Au NPs and surfactants remains insufficiently understood, because the assembly process is influenced by numerous factors, including the chemical nature of the surfactant, the surface morphology of Au NPs, and solution parameters. Therefore, gaining a more comprehensive understanding of these interactions is essential to unlock the full potential of the seed-mediated growth method and the applications of plasmonic NPs. A plethora of characterization techniques have been applied to reach such an understanding, but many open questions remain.In this Account, we review the current knowledge on the interactions between surfactants and Au NRs. We briefly introduce the state-of-the-art methods for synthesizing Au NRs and highlight the crucial role of cationic surfactants during this process. The self-assembly and organization of surfactants on the Au NR surface is then discussed to better understand their role in seed-mediated growth. Subsequently, we provide examples and elucidate how chemical additives can be used to modulate micellar assemblies, in turn allowing for a finer control over the growth of Au NRs, including chiral NRs. Next, we review the main experimental characterization and computational modeling techniques that have been applied to shed light on the arrangement of surfactants on Au NRs and summarize the advantages and disadvantages for each technique. The Account ends with a "Conclusions and Outlook" section, outlining promising future research directions and developments that we consider are still required, mostly related to the application of electron microscopy in liquid and in 3D. Finally, we remark on the potential of exploiting machine learning techniques to predict synthetic routes for NPs with predefined structures and properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Mosquera
- Universidade da Coruña, CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Rúa as Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Da Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) and CIBER-BBN, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Cinbio, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu M, Farrell JD, Zhang X, Dobnikar J, Angioletti-Uberti S. The role of surface topography in the self-assembly of polymeric surfactants. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:1709-1719. [PMID: 36756932 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01540d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We propose a classical density functional theory model to study the self-assembly of polymeric surfactants on curved surfaces. We use this model to investigate the thermodynamics of phase separation of a binary mixture of size asymmetric miscible surfactants on cylindrical and spherical surfaces, and observe that phase separation driven by size alone is thermodynamically unfavorable on both cylindrical and spherical surfaces. We use the theory, supplemented by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations, to predict pattern formation on a non-uniform surface with regions of positive and negative curvature. Our results suggest potential ways to couple surface topography and polymeric surfactants to design surfaces coated with non-uniform patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - James D Farrell
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jure Dobnikar
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lapresta-Fernández A, Nefeli Athanasopoulou E, Jacob Silva P, Pelin Güven Z, Stellacci F. Site-selective surface enhanced Raman scattering study of ligand exchange reactions on aggregated Ag nanocubes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 616:110-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
4
|
Engineering surface amphiphilicity of polymer nanostructures. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
5
|
Liu M, Fang X, Yang Y, Wang C. Peptide-Enabled Targeted Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:701504. [PMID: 34277592 PMCID: PMC8281044 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.701504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-targeting peptides have been extensively pursued for improving binding specificity and effective accumulation of drugs at the site of interest, and have remained challenging for extensive research efforts relating to chemotherapy in cancer treatments. By chemically linking a ligand of interest to drug-loaded nanocarriers, active targeting systems could be constructed. Peptide-functionalized nanostructures have been extensively pursued for biomedical applications, including drug delivery, biological imaging, liquid biopsy, and targeted therapies, and widely recognized as candidates of novel therapeutics due to their high specificity, well biocompatibility, and easy availability. We will endeavor to review a variety of strategies that have been demonstrated for improving receptor-specificity of the drug-loaded nanoscale structures using peptide ligands targeting tumor-related receptors. The effort could illustrate that the synergism of nano-sized structures with receptor-targeting peptides could lead to enrichment of biofunctions of nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingpeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocui Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Requejo KI, Liopo AV, Derry PJ, Zubarev ER. Improving the Shape Yield and Long-Term Stability of Gold Nanoprisms with Poly(vinylpyrrolidone). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:9777-9784. [PMID: 31290673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoprisms (AuNPRs) are anisotropic nanostructures that have gained great attention in recent years because of their interesting and unique optical properties that can be tailored for biomedical, energy, and sensing applications. At present, several protocols have reported the high yield synthesis of AuNPRs of different dimensions using a seed-mediated approach. However, there is a need to develop reproducible and scalable methods with the goal of a controllable synthesis. Here, we report an improved seed-mediated synthesis of small monodisperse AuNPRs of distinct sizes in high yield using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as an additive in nanomolar concentrations. We show optimal synthetic parameters for a blue-shifting of the surface plasmon resonance band which correlates with the reduction in the edge length (L) of AuNPRs from 75 to 35 nm. Using measured extinction coefficients for AuNPRs of different sizes, a linear equation is proposed to estimate the concentration of unknown samples by using Beer's law. Interestingly, the use of nanomolar amounts of PVP during the growth of AuNPRs significantly improves the shape yield. The surface chemistry properties of AuNPRs were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy and revealed that PVP chains interact with AuNPRs through the carbonyl oxygen. This method is reproducible and scalable and enables the synthesis of AuNPRs with long-term shape stability (1 year) in aqueous solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherinne I Requejo
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , 6100 S Main Street Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Anton V Liopo
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , 6100 S Main Street Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Paul J Derry
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , 6100 S Main Street Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Eugene R Zubarev
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , 6100 S Main Street Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khanal BP, Zubarev ER. Chemical Transformation of Nanorods to Nanowires: Reversible Growth and Dissolution of Anisotropic Gold Nanostructures. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2370-2378. [PMID: 30753055 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript describes a reversible wet chemical process for the tip-selective one-dimensional (1D) growth and dissolution of gold nanorods (AuNRs) and gold nanowires (AuNWs). Tip-selective dissolution was achieved by oxidation of AuNRs with a Au(III)/CTAB complex, whereas the growth of AuNRs was carried out by the reduction of Au(I) ions on the AuNR surface with a mild reducing agent, ascorbic acid (AA). Both the dissolution and growth processes are highly tip selective and proceed exclusively in one dimension. A decrease in the aspect ratio (AR) of AuNRs during the dissolution resulted in a blue shift in the longitudinal plasmon band (LPB) position, and red shifts in the LPB position were achieved by increasing the AR by 1D growth of AuNRs. Both growth and dissolution processes are fully controllable and can be stopped and resumed at any given time when the desired AR and/or LPB position is achieved. In addition, the tip-selective 1D growth of AuNRs can be continued with the additional supply of Au(I)/CTAB/AA solution to produce extremely long AuNWs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu P Khanal
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Eugene R Zubarev
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khanal BP, Zubarev ER. Gram-Scale Synthesis of Isolated Monodisperse Gold Nanorods. Chemistry 2018; 25:1595-1600. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu P. Khanal
- Department of Chemistry; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Eugene R. Zubarev
- Department of Chemistry; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Requejo KI, Liopo AV, Zubarev ER. Synthesis of Gold Nanorods Using Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) of Different Molecular Weights as an Additive. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton V. Liopo
- Department of ChemistryRice University 6100 Main St. Houston TX 77005
| | - Eugene R. Zubarev
- Department of ChemistryRice University 6100 Main St. Houston TX 77005
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Size control of aggregations via self-assembly of amphiphilic gold nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
Moritz C, Tröster A, Dellago C. Interplay of fast and slow dynamics in rare transition pathways: The disk-to-slab transition in the 2d Ising model. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:152714. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4997479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Moritz
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Tröster
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Dellago
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Şologan M, Cantarutti C, Bidoggia S, Polizzi S, Pengo P, Pasquato L. Routes to the preparation of mixed monolayers of fluorinated and hydrogenated alkanethiolates grafted on the surface of gold nanoparticles. Faraday Discuss 2016; 191:527-543. [PMID: 27459891 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of binary blends of hydrogenated and fluorinated alkanethiolates represents an interesting approach to the construction of anisotropic hybrid organic-inorganic nanoparticles since the fluorinated and hydrogenated components are expected to self-sort on the nanoparticle surface because of their reciprocal phobicity. These mixed monolayers are therefore strongly non-ideal binary systems. The synthetic routes we explored to achieve mixed monolayer gold nanoparticles displaying hydrogenated and fluorinated ligands clearly show that the final monolayer composition is a non-linear function of the initial reaction mixture. Our data suggest that, under certain geometrical constraints, nucleation and growth of fluorinated domains could be the initial event in the formation of these mixed monolayers. The onset of domain formation depends on the structure of the fluorinated and hydrogenated species. The solubility of the mixed monolayer nanoparticles displayed a marked discontinuity as a function of the monolayer composition. When the fluorinated component content is small, the nanoparticle systems are fully soluble in chloroform, at intermediate content the nanoparticles become soluble in hexane and eventually they become soluble in fluorinated solvents only. The ranges of monolayer compositions in which the solubility transitions are observed depend on the nature of the thiols composing the monolayer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Şologan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and INSTM Trieste Unit, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Benjamin A, Keten S. Polymer Conjugation as a Strategy for Long-Range Order in Supramolecular Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3425-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ari Benjamin
- Department
of Mechanical
Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
| | - Sinan Keten
- Department
of Mechanical
Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Penna M, Ley K, Maclaughlin S, Yarovsky I. Surface heterogeneity: a friend or foe of protein adsorption – insights from theoretical simulations. Faraday Discuss 2016; 191:435-464. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A lack in the detailed understanding of mechanisms through which proteins adsorb or are repelled at various solid/liquid interfaces limits the capacity to rationally design and produce more sophisticated surfaces with controlled protein adsorption in both biomedical and industrial settings. To date there are three main approaches to achieve anti biofouling efficacy, namely chemically adjusting the surface hydrophobicity and introducing various degrees of surface roughness, or a combination of both. More recently, surface nanostructuring has been shown to have an effect on protein adsorption. However, the current resolution of experimental techniques makes it difficult to investigate these three phase systems at the molecular level. In this molecular dynamics study we explore in all-atom detail the adsorption process of one of the most surface active proteins, EAS hydrophobin, known for its versatile ability to self-assemble on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces forming stable monolayers that facilitate further biofilm growth. We model the adsorption of this protein on organic ligand protected silica surfaces with varying degrees of chemical heterogeneity and roughness, including fully homogenous hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces for comparison. We present a detailed characterisation of the functionalised surface structure and dynamics for each of these systems, and the effect the ligands have on interfacial water, the adsorption process and conformational rearrangements of the protein. Results suggest that the ligand arrangement that produces the highest hydrophilic chain mobility and the lack of significant hydrophobic patches shows the most promising anti-fouling efficacy toward hydrophobin. However, the presence on the protein surface of a flexible loop with amphipathic character (the Cys3–Cys4 loop) is seen to facilitate EAS adsorption on all surfaces by enabling the protein to match the surface pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Penna
- School of Engineering
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing
| | - Kamron Ley
- School of Engineering
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Shane Maclaughlin
- BlueScope Steel Research Laboratories
- Port Kembla
- Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing
- Australia
| | - Irene Yarovsky
- School of Engineering
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Poletti A, Fracasso G, Conti G, Pilot R, Amendola V. Laser generated gold nanocorals with broadband plasmon absorption for photothermal applications. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:13702-13714. [PMID: 26219425 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03442f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles with efficient plasmon absorption in the visible and near infrared (NIR) regions, biocompatibility and easy surface functionalization are of interest for photothermal applications. Herein we describe the synthesis and photothermal properties of gold "nanocorals" (AuNC) obtained by laser irradiation of Au nanospheres (AuNS) dispersed in liquid solution. AuNC are formed in two stages: by photofragmentation of AuNS, followed by spontaneous unidirectional assembly of gold nanocrystals. The whole procedure is performed without chemicals or templating compounds, hence the AuNC can be coated with thiolated molecules in one step. We show that AuNC coated with thiolated polymers are easily dispersed in an aqueous environment or in organic solvents and can be included in polymeric matrixes to yield a plasmonic nanocomposite. AuNC dispersions exhibit flat broadband plasmon absorption ranging from the visible to the NIR and unitary light-to-heat conversion. Besides, in vitro biocompatibility experiments assessed the absence of cytotoxic effects even at a dose as high as 100 μg mL(-1). These safe-by-designed AuNC are promising for use in various applications such as photothermal cancer therapy, light-triggered drug release, antimicrobial substrates, optical tomography, obscurant materials and optical coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Poletti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Farrell Z, Merz S, Seager J, Dunn C, Egorov S, Green DL. Development of Experiment and Theory to Detect and Predict Ligand Phase Separation on Silver Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6479-82. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
17
|
Farrell Z, Merz S, Seager J, Dunn C, Egorov S, Green DL. Development of Experiment and Theory to Detect and Predict Ligand Phase Separation on Silver Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
18
|
Sun W, Kewalramani S, Hujsak K, Zhang H, Bedzyk MJ, Dravid VP, Thaxton CS. Mesophase in a thiolate-containing diacyl phospholipid self-assembled monolayer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3232-3241. [PMID: 25695627 DOI: 10.1021/la504822q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the intrinsic features of mesophases is critically important when employing phospholipid self-assemblies to mimic biomembranes. Inorganic solid surfaces provide platforms to support, guide, and analyze organic self-assemblies but impose upon them a tendency to form well-ordered phases not often found in biomembranes. To address this, we measured mesophase formation in a thiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of diacyl phospholipid, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphothioethanol (DPPTE) on Au(111), and provide thermodynamic analysis on the mixing behavior of inequivalent DPPTE acyl chains. Our work has uncovered three fundamental issues that enable mesophase formation: (1) Elimination of templating effects of the solid surface, (2) Weakening intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions in adsorbates, and (3) Equilibrium through entropy-driven self-assembly. Thus, our work provides a more holistic understanding of phase behavior, from liquid phases to mesophases to highly crystalline phases, in organic self-assemblies on solid surfaces, which may extend their applications in nanodevices and to the wider fields of biology and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangqiang Sun
- †Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- §Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- #Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Sumit Kewalramani
- ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karl Hujsak
- ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Heng Zhang
- †Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- §Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Michael J Bedzyk
- ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- ⊥Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - C Shad Thaxton
- †Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- §Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma X, Chen C, Yang Y, Qiu F. Ripple structures of mixed homopolymer brushes grafted on cylindrical surfaces: controlling the orientation of the pattern by attuning the substrate curvatures. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:6005-6013. [PMID: 24992228 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00749b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We employed the strong segregation theory (SST) to study the phase structures of mixed homopolymer brushes grafted on cylindrical surfaces. We considered a simplified case in which two incompatible homopolymers have the same chain length and grafting density. Under these conditions, micro-phase separation in the brush may result in either ripple or helix structures. By comparing the free energy of the possible candidate structures, we found that the helix structure is never the most stable one, while the stability of the perpendicular and parallel ripple structures are sensitive to the curvature of the grafting substrate. It was found that the morphology orientation of the mixed homopolymer brushes can be controlled by attuning the geometry of the substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen C, Tang P, Qiu F. Binary hairy nanoparticles: Recent progress in theory and simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cangyi Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Ping Tang
- Department of Macromolecular Science; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Macromolecular Science; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ruiz L, Keten S. Directing the self-assembly of supra-biomolecular nanotubes using entropic forces. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:851-861. [PMID: 24652037 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52600c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Peptide self-assembly, ubiquitous in biology, is one of the most promising 'bottom-up' approaches for the generation of synthetic supramolecular architectures. However, directing the self-assembly of functional peptides into predictable ordered structures most often requires precise tuning of weak intermolecular forces. Existing strategies are generally based on specific interactions between molecular mediators that require complex chemical synthesis pathways and elaborated design rules. Here we establish a theoretical framework that delineates a generic route towards directing the self-assembly of small peptides by simply using entropic forces generated by the polymer chains attached to the peptides. We demonstrate the viability of this concept for polymer-conjugated peptide nanotubes using coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations combined with theoretical calculations. We show that conjugated polymer chains create an entropic penalty due to chain confinement upon assembly, and illustrate that the self-assembly process can be directed by merely varying the degree of polymer conjugation. Specifically, the entropic penalty, and consequently, the binding energy between peptides can be greatly varied by changing the length and the number of conjugated polymers. Extending this concept for peptides with different degrees of conjugation reveals a path towards controlling the stacking sequence of binary mixtures. Remarkably, we find that a large disparity in the conjugation degree of the two peptides results in a preference towards alternating mixed sequences that minimize the entropic penalty of confinement in the thermodynamic limit. Our study explains recent experiments on polymer-peptide conjugates and sets the stage for utilizing entropic forces to guide the stacking sequence of functional macrocycles in tubular assemblies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ruiz
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3111, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Moglianetti M, Ong QK, Reguera J, Harkness KM, Mameli M, Radulescu A, Kohlbrecher J, Jud C, Svergun DI, Stellacci F. Scanning tunneling microscopy and small angle neutron scattering study of mixed monolayer protected gold nanoparticles in organic solvents. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52595c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
23
|
Ma X, Yang Y, Zhu L, Zhao B, Tang P, Qiu F. Binary mixed homopolymer brushes grafted on nanorod particles: A self-consistent field theory study. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:214902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4832742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
|
24
|
Ong QK, Reguera J, Silva PJ, Moglianetti M, Harkness K, Longobardi M, Mali KS, Renner C, De Feyter S, Stellacci F. High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy characterization of mixed monolayer protected gold nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2013; 7:8529-39. [PMID: 24024977 DOI: 10.1021/nn402414b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles protected by a binary mixture of thiolate molecules have a ligand shell that can spontaneously separate into nanoscale domains. Complex morphologies arise in such ligand shells, including striped, patchy, and Janus domains. Characterization of these morphologies remains a challenge. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging has been one of the key approaches to determine these structures, yet the imaging of nanoparticles' surfaces faces difficulty stemming from steep surface curvature, complex molecular structures, and the possibility of imaging artifacts in the same size range. Images obtained to date have lacked molecular resolution, and only domains have been resolved. There is a clear need for images that resolve the molecular arrangement that leads to domain formation on the ligand shell of these particles. Herein we report an advance in the STM imaging of gold nanoparticles, revealing some of the molecules that constitute the domains in striped and Janus gold nanoparticles. We analyze the images to determine molecular arrangements on parts of the particles, highlight molecular "defects" present in the ligand shell, show persistence of the features across subsequent images, and observe the transition from quasi-molecular to domain resolution. The ability to resolve single molecules in the ligand shell of nanoparticles could lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the role of the ligand structure in determining the properties of mixed-monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quy Khac Ong
- Institute of Materials, École Politechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Barros J, Grenho L, Manuel CM, Ferreira C, Melo L, Nunes OC, Monteiro FJ, Ferraz MP. Influence of nanohydroxyapatite surface properties on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation. J Biomater Appl 2013; 28:1325-35. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328213507300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHA), due to its chemical properties, has appeared as an exceptionally promising bioceramic to be used as bone regeneration material. Staphylococcus epidermidis have emerged as major nosocomial pathogens associated with infections of implanted medical devices. In this work, the purpose was to study the influence of the nanoHA surface characteristics on S. epidermidis RP62A biofilm formation. Therefore, two different initial inoculum concentrations (Ci) were used in order to check if these would affect the biofilm formed on the nanoHA surfaces. Biofilm formation was followed by the enumeration of cultivable cells and by scanning electron microscopy. Surface topography, contact angle, total surface area and porosimetry of the biomaterials were studied and correlated with the biofilm data. The surface of nanoHA sintered at 830℃ (nanoHA830) showed to be more resistant to S. epidermidis attachment and accumulation than that of nanoHA sintered at 1000℃ (nanoHA1000). The biofilm formed on nanoHA830 presented differences in terms of structure, surface coverage and EPS production when compared to the one formed on nanoHA1000 surface. It was observed that topography and surface area of nanoHA surfaces had influence on the bacterial attachment and accumulation. Ci influenced bacteria attachment and accumulation on nanoHA surfaces over time. The choice of the initial inoculum concentration was relevant proving to have an effect on the extent of adherence thus being a critical point for human health if these materials are used in implantable devices. This study showed that the initial inoculum concentration and surface material properties determine the rate of microbial attachment to substrata and consequently are related to biofilm-associated infections in biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Barros
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LEPAE – Laboratório de Engenharia dos Processos, Ambiente e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Grenho
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - CM Manuel
- LEPAE – Laboratório de Engenharia dos Processos, Ambiente e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ULP – Universidade Lusófona do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Ferreira
- LEPAE – Laboratório de Engenharia dos Processos, Ambiente e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Melo
- LEPAE – Laboratório de Engenharia dos Processos, Ambiente e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - OC Nunes
- LEPAE – Laboratório de Engenharia dos Processos, Ambiente e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - FJ Monteiro
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - MP Ferraz
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CEBIMED – Centro de Estudos em Biomedicina, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tan YH, Fujikawa K, Pornsuriyasak P, Alla AJ, Ganesh NV, Demchenko AV, Stine KJ. Lectin-carbohydrate interactions on nanoporous gold monoliths. NEW J CHEM 2013; 37:2150-2165. [PMID: 24883017 PMCID: PMC4038695 DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00253e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Monoliths of nanoporous gold (np-Au) were modified with self-assembled monolayers of octadecanethiol (C18-SH), 8-mercaptooctyl α-D-mannopyranoside (αMan-C8-SH), and 8-mercapto-3,6-dioxaoctanol (HO-PEG2-SH), and the loading was assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Modification with mixed SAMs containing αMan-C8-SH (at a 0.20 mole fraction in the SAM forming solution) with either octanethiol or HO-PEG2-SH was also investigated. The np-Au monoliths modified with αMan-C8-SH bind the lectin Concanavalin A (Con A), and the additional mass due to bound protein was assessed using TGA analysis. A comparison of TGA traces measured before and after exposure of HO-PEG2-SH modified np-Au to Con A showed that the non-specific binding of Con A was minimal. In contrast, np-Au modified with octanethiol showed a significant mass loss due to non-specifically adsorbed Con A. A significant mass loss was also attributed to binding of Con A to bare np-Au monoliths. TGA revealed a mass loss due to the binding of Con A to np-Au monoliths modified with pure αMan-C8-SH. The use of mass losses determined by TGA to compare the binding of Con A to np-Au monoliths modified by mixed SAMs of αMan-C8-SH and either octanethiol or HO-PEG2-SH revealed that binding to mixed SAM modified surfaces is specific for the mixed SAMs with HO-PEG2-SH but shows a significant contribution from non-specific adsorption for the mixed SAMs with octanethiol. Minimal adsorption of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and peanut agglutinin (PNA) towards the mannoside modified np-Au monoliths was demonstrated. A greater mass loss was found for Con A bound onto the monolith than for either IgG or PNA, signifying that the mannose presenting SAMs in np-Au retain selectivity for Con A. TGA data also provide evidence that Con A bound to the αMan-C8-SH modified np-Au can be eluted by flowing a solution of methyl α-D-mannopyranoside through the structure. The presence of Con A proteins on the modified np-Au surface was also confirmed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results highlight the potential for application of carbohydrate modified np-Au monoliths to glycoscience and glycotechnology and demonstrate that they can be used for capture and release of carbohydrate binding proteins in significant quantities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yih Horng Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
- UM-St. Louis Center for Nanoscience, University of Missouri – Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Kohki Fujikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Papapida Pornsuriyasak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Allan J. Alla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
- UM-St. Louis Center for Nanoscience, University of Missouri – Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - N. Vijaya Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
- UM-St. Louis Center for Nanoscience, University of Missouri – Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu X, Yu M, Kim H, Mameli M, Stellacci F. Determination of monolayer-protected gold nanoparticle ligand-shell morphology using NMR. Nat Commun 2013; 3:1182. [PMID: 23149727 PMCID: PMC3514491 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is accepted that the ligand shell morphology of nanoparticles coated with a monolayer of molecules can be partly responsible for important properties such as cell membrane penetration and wetting. When binary mixtures of molecules coat a nanoparticle, they can arrange randomly or separate into domains, for example, forming Janus, patchy or striped particles. To date, there is no straightforward method for the determination of such structures. Here we show that a combination of one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR can be used to determine the ligand shell structure of a series of particles covered with aliphatic and aromatic ligands of varying composition. This approach is a powerful way to determine the ligand shell structure of patchy particles; it has the limitation of needing a whole series of compositions and ligands' combinations with NMR peaks well separated and whose shifts due to the surrounding environment can be large enough. Binary mixtures of molecules on the surface of nanoparticles can arrange randomly or into different domains to form Janus, patchy or striped particles. Liu et al. show that NMR can be used to determine the ligand-shell morphology of particles coated with aliphatic and aromatic ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Vaud CH-1015, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vela J. Molecular Chemistry to the Fore: New Insights into the Fascinating World of Photoactive Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:653-668. [PMID: 26281882 DOI: 10.1021/jz302100r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals possess unique properties that are unmatched by other chromophores such as organic dyes or transition-metal complexes. These versatile building blocks have generated much scientific interest and found applications in bioimaging, tracking, lighting, lasing, photovoltaics, photocatalysis, thermoelectrics, and spintronics. Despite these advances, important challenges remain, notably how to produce semiconductor nanostructures with predetermined architecture, how to produce metastable semiconductor nanostructures that are hard to isolate by conventional syntheses, and how to control the degree of surface loading or valence per nanocrystal. Molecular chemists are very familiar with these issues and can use their expertise to help solve these challenges. In this Perspective, we present our group's recent work on bottom-up molecular control of nanoscale composition and morphology, low-temperature photochemical routes to semiconductor heterostructures and metastable phases, solar-to-chemical energy conversion with semiconductor-based photocatalysts, and controlled surface modification of colloidal semiconductors that bypasses ligand exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vela
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, and Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gagner JE, Shrivastava S, Qian X, Dordick JS, Siegel RW. Engineering Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications Requires Understanding the Nano-Bio Interface: A Perspective. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:3149-58. [PMID: 26296021 DOI: 10.1021/jz301253s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The promise of nanobiomaterials for diagnostic and therapeutic biomedical applications has been widely reported throughout the scientific community, and great strides have been made in those directions. And yet, the translation of nanomaterial-based therapeutics to clinical applications remains an elusive target. Many challenges have blocked the usage of nanomaterials in biomedicine, including potential toxicity, immunogenicity, and decreased efficacy. In order to overcome some of these issues, detailed studies have been undertaken to understand fundamental interactions between nanomaterials and the biological environment. In particular, recent developments in nanoparticle synthesis, a better understanding and control over nanoparticle surface chemistry, as well as the organization of that chemistry on the nanoparticle surface, has allowed researchers to begin to understand how spatial arrangement of atomic and molecular species at an interface can affect protein adsorption, structure, and subsequent biological outcomes. This perspective strives to identify ways in which the nanomaterial interface can be controlled to affect interactions with biomolecules for beneficial biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Gagner
- †Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- ⊥Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Siddhartha Shrivastava
- †Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- ⊥Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Xi Qian
- †Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- ⊥Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- †Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- §Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- ∥Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- ⊥Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Richard W Siegel
- †Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- ⊥Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vigderman L, Khanal BP, Zubarev ER. Functional gold nanorods: synthesis, self-assembly, and sensing applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:4811-41, 5014. [PMID: 22740090 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods have received much attention due to their unique optical and electronic properties which are dependent on their shape, size, and aspect ratio. This article covers in detail the synthesis, functionalization, self-assembly, and sensing applications of gold nanorods. The synthesis of three major types of rods is discussed: single-crystalline and pentahedrally-twinned rods, which are synthesized by wet chemistry methods, and polycrystalline rods, which are synthesized by templated deposition. Functionalization of these rods is usually necessary for their applications, but can often be problematic due to their surfactant coating. Thus, general strategies are provided for the covalent and noncovalent functionalization of gold nanorods. The review will then examine the significant progress that has been made in controllable assembly of nanorods into various arrangements. This assembly can have a large effect on measurable properties of rods, making it particularly applicable towards sensing of a variety of analytes. Other types of sensing not dependent on nanorod assembly, such as refractive-index based sensing, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Vigderman
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pons-Siepermann IC, Glotzer SC. Design of patchy particles using quaternary self-assembled monolayers. ACS NANO 2012; 6:3919-3924. [PMID: 22537140 DOI: 10.1021/nn300059x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Binary and ternary self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) adsorbed on gold nanoparticles (NPs) have been previously studied for their propensity to form novel and unexpected patterns. The patterns found were shown to arise from a competition between immiscibilty of unlike surfactants and entropic gains due to length or other architectural differences between them. We investigate patterns self-assembled from quaternary monolayers on spherical nanoparticles. We perform simulations to study the effect of NP radius, degree of immiscibility between surfactants, length differences, and stoichiometry of the SAM on the formation of patterns. We report patterns analogous to binary and ternary cases, as well as some novel patterns specific to quaternary SAMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines C Pons-Siepermann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, 3406 G.G. Brown Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Santos A, Millan JA, Glotzer SC. Facetted patchy particles through entropy-driven patterning of mixed ligand SAMS. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:2640-2650. [PMID: 22434417 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr11737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a microscopic theory that describes the ordering of two distinct ligands on the surface of a facetted nanoparticle. The theory predicts that when one type of ligand is significantly bulkier than all others, the larger ligands preferentially align themselves along the edges and vertices of the nanoparticle. Monte Carlo simulations confirm these predictions. We show that the intrinsic conformational entropy of the ligands stabilizes this novel edge-aligned phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Santos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Miller WL, Bozorgui B, Klymko K, Cacciuto A. Free energy of alternating two-component polymer brushes on cylindrical templates. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:244902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3672104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|