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Lu H, Ye H, You L. Photoswitchable Cascades for Allosteric and Bidirectional Control over Covalent Bonds and Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38620077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Studies of complex systems and emerging properties to mimic biosystems are at the forefront of chemical research. Dynamic multistep cascades, especially those exhibiting allosteric regulation, are challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a versatile platform of photoswitchable covalent cascades toward remote and bidirectional control of reversible covalent bonds and ensuing assemblies. The relay of a photochromic switch, keto-enol equilibrium, and ring-chain equilibrium allows light-mediated reversible allosteric structural changes. The accompanying distinct reactivity further enables photoswitchable dynamic covalent bonding and release of substrates bidirectionally through alternating two wavelengths of light, essentially realizing light-mediated signaling cycles. The downfall of energy by covalent bond formation/scission upon photochemical reactions offers the driving force for the controlled direction of the cascade. To show the molecular diversity, photoswitchable on-demand assembly/disassembly of covalent polymers, including structurally reconfigurable polymers, was realized. This work achieves photoswitchable allosteric regulation of covalent architectures within dynamic multistep cascades, which has rarely been reported before. The results resemble allosteric control within biological signaling networks and should set the stage for many endeavors, such as dynamic assemblies, molecular motors, responsive polymers, and intelligent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
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2
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Del Giudice D, Spatola E, Valentini M, Ercolani G, Di Stefano S. Dissipative Dynamic Libraries (DDLs) and Dissipative Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry (DDCC). CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma – Meccanismi di Reazione P.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Roma Italy
| | - Emanuele Spatola
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma – Meccanismi di Reazione P.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Roma Italy
| | - Matteo Valentini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma – Meccanismi di Reazione P.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Roma Italy
| | - Gianfranco Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche Università di Roma Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Roma Italy
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma – Meccanismi di Reazione P.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Roma Italy
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3
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Yu S, Wu S, Zhang C, Tang Z, Luo Y, Guo B, Zhang L. Catalyst-Free Metathesis of Cyclic Acetals and Spirocyclic Acetal Covalent Adaptable Networks. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1143-1148. [PMID: 35653205 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the exchangeability of dynamic covalent bonds in the covalent adaptable networks (CANs) at elevated temperature, they possess recyclability while still maintaining many of the superior properties of thermosets. The exploration of dynamic covalent chemistry is of great significance to the expansion of CANs library and hence the sustainable development of thermosets. In this work, we discovered that, in absence of catalyst, the direct metathesis of the cyclic acetals proceeds while the acyclic acetals cannot. The metathesis kinetics of the cyclic acetals were fully revealed with model compounds. For the CANs demonstration, a series of cross-linked spirocyclic acetal polymers with excellent reprocessability, high thermal stability, and high refractivity were prepared via thiol-ene click polymerization. We envisage that the uncovering of the catalyst-free metathesis of cyclic acetals will enrich the dynamic chemistry of acetals and greatly promote the development of acetal-based CANs and their potential applications in optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjian Yu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Siwu Wu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chengfeng Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenghai Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanlong Luo
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Di Stefano S, Mandolini L. The canonical behavior of the entropic component of thermodynamic effective molarity. An attempt at unifying covalent and noncovalent cyclizations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:955-987. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06344c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The statistically corrected entropic component of effective molarity (EMS*) complies with the “canonical” values expressed by the log plot of EMS* vs. the number n of single bonds in the ring product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC
- Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Luigi Mandolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC
- Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
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5
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Löw H, Mena-Osteritz E, von Delius M. Self-assembled orthoester cryptands: orthoester scope, post-functionalization, kinetic locking and tunable degradation kinetics. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4785-4793. [PMID: 29910929 PMCID: PMC5982201 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01750f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic adaptability and biodegradability are key features of functional, 21st century host-guest systems. We have recently discovered a class of tripodal supramolecular hosts, in which two orthoesters act as constitutionally dynamic bridgeheads. Having previously demonstrated the adaptive nature of these hosts, we now report the synthesis and characterization - including eight solid state structures - of a diverse set of orthoester cages, which provides evidence for the broad scope of this new host class. With the same set of compounds, we demonstrated that the rates of orthoester exchange and hydrolysis can be tuned over a remarkably wide range, from rapid hydrolysis at pH 8 to nearly inert at pH 1, and that the Taft parameter of the orthoester substituent allows an adequate prediction of the reaction kinetics. Moreover, the synthesis of an alkyne-capped cryptand enabled the post-functionalization of orthoester cryptands by Sonogashira and CuAAC "click" reactions. The methylation of the resulting triazole furnished a cryptate that was kinetically inert towards orthoester exchange and hydrolysis at pH > 1, which is equivalent to the "turnoff" of constitutionally dynamic imines by means of reduction. These findings indicate that orthoester cages may be more broadly useful than anticipated, e.g. as drug delivery agents with precisely tunable biodegradability or, thanks to the kinetic locking strategy, as ion sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Löw
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials , University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany .
| | - Elena Mena-Osteritz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials , University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany .
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials , University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany .
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6
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Polymer engineering based on reversible covalent chemistry: A promising innovative pathway towards new materials and new functionalities. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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7
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Jaegle M, Wong EL, Tauber C, Nawrotzky E, Arkona C, Rademann J. Proteintemplat-gesteuerte Fragmentligationen - von der molekularen Erkennung zur Wirkstofffindung. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 129:7464-7485. [PMID: 32313319 PMCID: PMC7159557 DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractProteintemplat‐gesteuerte Fragmentligationen sind ein neuartiges Konzept zur Unterstützung der Wirkstofffindung und können dazu beitragen, die Wirksamkeit von Proteinliganden zu verbessern. Es handelt sich dabei um chemische Reaktionen zwischen niedermolekularen Verbindungen (“Fragmenten”), die die Oberfläche eines Proteins als Reaktionsgefäß verwenden, um die Bildung eines Proteinliganden mit erhöhter Bindungsaffinität zu katalysieren. Die Methode nutzt die molekulare Erkennung kleiner reaktiver Fragmente durch die Proteine sowohl zur Assemblierung der Liganden als auch zur Identifizierung bioaktiver Fragmentkombinationen. Chemische Synthese und Bioassay werden dabei in einem Schritt vereint. Dieser Aufsatz diskutiert die biophysikalischen Grundlagen der reversiblen und irreversiblen Fragmentligationen und gibt einen Überblick über die Methoden, mit denen die durch das Proteintemplat gebildeten Ligationsprodukte detektiert werden können. Der chemische Reaktionsraum und aktuelle Anwendungen wie auch die Bedeutung dieses Konzeptes für die Wirkstofffindung werden erörtert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Jaegle
- Freie Universität BerlinMedicinal ChemistryKönigin-Luise-Straße 2+4Berlin14195Deutschland
| | - Ee Lin Wong
- Freie Universität BerlinMedicinal ChemistryKönigin-Luise-Straße 2+4Berlin14195Deutschland
| | - Carolin Tauber
- Freie Universität BerlinMedicinal ChemistryKönigin-Luise-Straße 2+4Berlin14195Deutschland
| | - Eric Nawrotzky
- Freie Universität BerlinMedicinal ChemistryKönigin-Luise-Straße 2+4Berlin14195Deutschland
| | - Christoph Arkona
- Freie Universität BerlinMedicinal ChemistryKönigin-Luise-Straße 2+4Berlin14195Deutschland
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Freie Universität BerlinMedicinal ChemistryKönigin-Luise-Straße 2+4Berlin14195Deutschland
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8
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Jaegle M, Wong EL, Tauber C, Nawrotzky E, Arkona C, Rademann J. Protein-Templated Fragment Ligations-From Molecular Recognition to Drug Discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7358-7378. [PMID: 28117936 PMCID: PMC7159684 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein-templated fragment ligation is a novel concept to support drug discovery and can help to improve the efficacy of protein ligands. Protein-templated fragment ligations are chemical reactions between small molecules ("fragments") utilizing a protein's surface as a reaction vessel to catalyze the formation of a protein ligand with increased binding affinity. The approach exploits the molecular recognition of reactive small-molecule fragments by proteins both for ligand assembly and for the identification of bioactive fragment combinations. In this way, chemical synthesis and bioassay are integrated in one single step. This Review discusses the biophysical basis of reversible and irreversible fragment ligations and gives an overview of the available methods to detect protein-templated ligation products. The chemical scope and recent applications as well as future potential of the concept in drug discovery are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Jaegle
- Freie Universität BerlinMedicinal ChemistryKönigin-Luise-Strasse 2+4Berlin14195Germany
| | - Ee Lin Wong
- Freie Universität BerlinMedicinal ChemistryKönigin-Luise-Strasse 2+4Berlin14195Germany
| | - Carolin Tauber
- Freie Universität BerlinMedicinal ChemistryKönigin-Luise-Strasse 2+4Berlin14195Germany
| | - Eric Nawrotzky
- Freie Universität BerlinMedicinal ChemistryKönigin-Luise-Strasse 2+4Berlin14195Germany
| | - Christoph Arkona
- Freie Universität BerlinMedicinal ChemistryKönigin-Luise-Strasse 2+4Berlin14195Germany
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Freie Universität BerlinMedicinal ChemistryKönigin-Luise-Strasse 2+4Berlin14195Germany
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9
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Shyshov O, Brachvogel R, Bachmann T, Srikantharajah R, Segets D, Hampel F, Puchta R, von Delius M. Adaptive Behavior of Dynamic Orthoester Cryptands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Shyshov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - René‐Chris Brachvogel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Tobias Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rubitha Srikantharajah
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG) and Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS) Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstrasse 4 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Doris Segets
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG) and Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS) Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstrasse 4 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ralph Puchta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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10
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Shyshov O, Brachvogel R, Bachmann T, Srikantharajah R, Segets D, Hampel F, Puchta R, von Delius M. Adaptive Behavior of Dynamic Orthoester Cryptands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:776-781. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Shyshov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - René‐Chris Brachvogel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Tobias Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rubitha Srikantharajah
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG) and Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS) Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstrasse 4 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Doris Segets
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG) and Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS) Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstrasse 4 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ralph Puchta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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11
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Brachvogel RC, von Delius M. The Dynamic Covalent Chemistry of Esters, Acetals and Orthoesters. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- René-Chris Brachvogel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM); Henkestr. 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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12
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Abstract
On the basis of many literature measurements, a critical overview is given on essential noncovalent interactions in synthetic supramolecular complexes, accompanied by analyses with selected proteins. The methods, which can be applied to derive binding increments for single noncovalent interactions, start with the evaluation of consistency and additivity with a sufficiently large number of different host-guest complexes by applying linear free energy relations. Other strategies involve the use of double mutant cycles, of molecular balances, of dynamic combinatorial libraries, and of crystal structures. Promises and limitations of these strategies are discussed. Most of the analyses stem from solution studies, but a few also from gas phase. The empirically derived interactions are then presented on the basis of selected complexes with respect to ion pairing, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic contributions, halogen bonding, π-π-stacking, dispersive forces, cation-π and anion-π interactions, and contributions from the hydrophobic effect. Cooperativity in host-guest complexes as well as in self-assembly, and entropy factors are briefly highlighted. Tables with typical values for single noncovalent free energies and polarity parameters are in the Supporting Information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Biedermann
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Schneider
- FR Organische Chemie der Universität des Saarlandes , D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
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13
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Equilibrium Effective Molarity As a Key Concept in Ring-Chain Equilibria, Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry, Cooperativity and Self-assembly. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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14
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Berrocal JA, Albano S, Mandolini L, Di Stefano S. A CuI-Based Metallo-Supramolecular Gel-Like Material Built from a Library of Oligomeric Ligands Featuring Exotopic 1,10-Phenanthroline Units. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Di Stefano S, Ercolani G. Catenation Equilibria Between Ring Oligomers and Their Relation to Effective Molarities: Models From Theories and Simulations. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201500050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma La Sapienza; P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Gianfranco Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche; Università di Roma Tor Vergata; Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Roma Italy
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16
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Zhou Y, Yuan Y, You L, Anslyn EV. Dynamic Aminal-Based TPA Ligands. Chemistry 2015; 21:8207-13. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Atcher J, Moure A, Bujons J, Alfonso I. Salt-Induced Adaptation of a Dynamic Combinatorial Library of Pseudopeptidic Macrocycles: Unraveling the Electrostatic Effects in Mixed Aqueous Media. Chemistry 2015; 21:6869-78. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Atcher
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona (Spain)
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Brachvogel RC, von Delius M. Orthoester exchange: a tripodal tool for dynamic covalent and systems chemistry. Chem Sci 2015; 6:1399-1403. [PMID: 29560228 PMCID: PMC5811105 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03528c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible covalent reactions have become an important tool in supramolecular chemistry and materials science. Here we introduce the acid-catalyzed exchange of O,O,O-orthoesters to the toolbox of dynamic covalent chemistry. We demonstrate that orthoesters readily exchange with a wide range of alcohols under mild conditions and we disclose the first report of an orthoester metathesis reaction. We also show that dynamic orthoester systems give rise to pronounced metal template effects, which can best be understood by agonistic relationships in a three-dimensional network analysis. Due to the tripodal architecture of orthoesters, the exchange process described herein could find unique applications in dynamic polymers, porous materials and host-guest architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- René-Chris Brachvogel
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Henkestrasse 42 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Max von Delius
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Henkestrasse 42 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany .
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Ciaccia M, Tosi I, Baldini L, Cacciapaglia R, Mandolini L, Di Stefano S, Hunter CA. Applications of dynamic combinatorial chemistry for the determination of effective molarity. Chem Sci 2015; 6:144-151. [PMID: 28553463 PMCID: PMC5424495 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A new strategy for determining thermodynamic effective molarities (EM) for macrocylisation reactions using dynamic combinatorial chemistry under dilute conditions is presented. At low concentrations, below the critical value, Dynamic Libraries (DLs) of bifunctional building blocks contain only cyclic species, so it is not possible to quantify the equilibria between linear and cyclic species. However, addition of a monofunctional chain stopper can be used to promote the formation of linear oligomers allowing measurement of EM for all cyclic species present in the DL. The effectiveness of this approach was demonstrated for DLs generated from mixtures of 1,3-diimine calix[4]arenes, linear diaminoalkanes and monoaminoalkanes. For macrocycles deriving from one bifunctional calixarene and one diamine, there is an alternating pattern of EM values with the number of methylene units in the diamine: odd numbers give significantly higher EMs than even numbers. For odd numbers of methylene units, the alkyl chain can adopt an extended all anti conformation, whereas for even numbers of methylene units, gauche conformations are required for cyclisation, and the associated strain reduces EM. The value of EM for the five-carbon linker indicates that this macrocycle is a strainless ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ciaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC/CNR , Università La Sapienza , P.le A. Moro 5 , 00185 Rome , Italy .
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK
| | - Irene Tosi
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A , 43124 , Parma , Italy
| | - Laura Baldini
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A , 43124 , Parma , Italy
| | - Roberta Cacciapaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC/CNR , Università La Sapienza , P.le A. Moro 5 , 00185 Rome , Italy .
| | - Luigi Mandolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC/CNR , Università La Sapienza , P.le A. Moro 5 , 00185 Rome , Italy .
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC/CNR , Università La Sapienza , P.le A. Moro 5 , 00185 Rome , Italy .
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK .
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Herrmann A. Dynamic combinatorial/covalent chemistry: a tool to read, generate and modulate the bioactivity of compounds and compound mixtures. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:1899-933. [PMID: 24296754 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reversible covalent bond formation under thermodynamic control adds reactivity to self-assembled supramolecular systems, and is therefore an ideal tool to assess complexity of chemical and biological systems. Dynamic combinatorial/covalent chemistry (DCC) has been used to read structural information by selectively assembling receptors with the optimum molecular fit around a given template from a mixture of reversibly reacting building blocks. This technique allows access to efficient sensing devices and the generation of new biomolecules, such as small molecule receptor binders for drug discovery, but also larger biomimetic polymers and macromolecules with particular three-dimensional structural architectures. Adding a kinetic factor to a thermodynamically controlled equilibrium results in dynamic resolution and in self-sorting and self-replicating systems, all of which are of major importance in biological systems. Furthermore, the temporary modification of bioactive compounds by reversible combinatorial/covalent derivatisation allows control of their release and facilitates their transport across amphiphilic self-assembled systems such as artificial membranes or cell walls. The goal of this review is to give a conceptual overview of how the impact of DCC on supramolecular assemblies at different levels can allow us to understand, predict and modulate the complexity of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herrmann
- Firmenich SA, Division Recherche et Développement, Route des Jeunes 1, B. P. 239, CH-1211 Genève 8, Switzerland.
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Fanlo-Virgós H, Alba ANR, Hamieh S, Colomb-Delsuc M, Otto S. Transient substrate-induced catalyst formation in a dynamic molecular network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11346-50. [PMID: 25169198 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In biology enzyme concentrations are continuously regulated, yet for synthetic catalytic systems such regulatory mechanisms are underdeveloped. We now report how a substrate of a chemical reaction induces the formation of its own catalyst from a dynamic molecular network. After complete conversion of the substrate, the network disassembles the catalyst. These results open up new opportunities for controlling catalysis in synthetic chemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Fanlo-Virgós
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands) http://www.otto-lab.com
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Fanlo-Virgós H, Alba ANR, Hamieh S, Colomb-Delsuc M, Otto S. Transient Substrate-Induced Catalyst Formation in a Dynamic Molecular Network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) has been strongly integrated into diverse research fields, and has enabled easy access to a variety of combinatorial libraries, 2-D macrocycles, and 3-D molecular cages that target many important applications, such as drug discovery, biotechnology, molecular separation, light harvesting, etc. DCvC relies on the reversible formation and breaking of rather strong covalent bonding within molecules. Therefore it combines the error-correction capability of supramolecular chemistry and the robustness of covalent bonding. Compared to those supramolecular interactions, dynamic covalent reactions usually have slower kinetics and require the assistance of catalysts to achieve rapid equilibrium. Although the scope of dynamic covalent reactions is rapidly expanding, the reversible reactions suitable for DCvC are still very limited. The identification and development of new dynamic reactions and catalysts would be critical for the further advancement of DCvC. This review covers the recent development of dynamic covalent reactions as well as their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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24
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Berrocal JA, Nieuwenhuizen MML, Mandolini L, Meijer EW, Di Stefano S. Copper(i)-induced amplification of a [2]catenane in a virtual dynamic library of macrocyclic alkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:6167-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interlocked virtual component 1 of a well-behaved dynamic library of cyclic olefins is resuscitated by means of the template effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Augusto Berrocal
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR)
- Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Sapienza Università di Roma
| | - Marko M. L. Nieuwenhuizen
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luigi Mandolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR)
- Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Sapienza Università di Roma
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR)
- Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Sapienza Università di Roma
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Hamieh S, Saggiomo V, Nowak P, Mattia E, Ludlow RF, Otto S. A “Dial-A-Receptor” Dynamic Combinatorial Library. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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26
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Hamieh S, Saggiomo V, Nowak P, Mattia E, Ludlow RF, Otto S. A “Dial-A-Receptor” Dynamic Combinatorial Library. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12368-72. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ruggi A, Cacciapaglia R, Di Stefano S, Bodo E, Ugozzoli F. Naphthalenophane formaldehyde acetals as candidate structures for the generation of dynamic libraries via transacetalation processes. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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