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Chernyadiev AV, But DB, Ivonyak Y, Ikamas K, Lisauskas A. A CMOS-integrated terahertz near-field sensor based on an ultra-strongly coupled meta-atom. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11483. [PMID: 38769178 PMCID: PMC11106299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, plasmonic-based sensors operating in the terahertz frequency range have emerged as perspective tools for rapid and efficient label-free biosensing applications. In this work, we present a fully electronic approach allowing us to achieve state-of-the-art sensitivity by utilizing a near-field-coupled electronic sensor. We demonstrate that the proposed concept enables the efficient implementation and probing of a so-called ultra-strongly coupled sub-wavelength meta-atom as well as a single resonant circuit, allowing to limit the volume of material under test down to a few picoliter range. The sensor has been monolithically integrated into a cost-efficient silicon-based CMOS technology. Our findings are supported by both numerical and analytical models and validated through experiments. They lay the groundwork for near-future developments, outlining the perspectives for a terahertz microfluidic lab-on-chip dielectric spectroscopy sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Chernyadiev
- CENTERA Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS, Sokołowska st. 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dmytro B But
- CENTERA Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS, Sokołowska st. 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yurii Ivonyak
- CENTERA Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS, Sokołowska st. 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kęstutis Ikamas
- Institute of Applied Electrodynamics and Telecommunications, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 9, 10222, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alvydas Lisauskas
- Institute of Applied Electrodynamics and Telecommunications, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 9, 10222, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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2
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Luo X, Li J, Huang G, Xie F, He Z, Zeng X, Tian H, Liu Y, Fu W, Yang X. Metal-Graphene Hybrid Terahertz Metasurfaces for Circulating Tumor DNA Detection Based on Dual Signal Amplification. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2122-2133. [PMID: 38602840 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy has impressive capability for label-free biosensing, but its utility in clinical laboratories is rarely reported due to often unsatisfactory detection performances. Here, we fabricated metal-graphene hybrid THz metasurfaces (MSs) for the sensitive and enzyme-free detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in pancreatic cancer plasma samples. The feasibility and mechanism of the enhanced effects of a graphene bridge across the MS and amplified by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The AuNPs serve to boost charge injection in the graphene film and result in producing a remarkable change in the graded transmissivity index to THz radiation of the MS resonators. Assay design utilizes this feature and a cascade hybridization chain reaction initiated on magnetic beads in the presence of target ctDNA to achieve dual signal amplification (chemical and optical). In addition to demonstrating subfemtomolar detection sensitivity and single-nucleotide mismatch selectivity, the proposed method showed remarkable capability to discriminate between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy individuals by recognizing and quantifying targeted ctDNAs. The introduction of graphene to the metasurface produces an improved sensitivity of 2 orders of magnitude for ctDNA detection. This is the first study to report the combined application of graphene and AuNPs in biosensing by THz spectroscopic resonators and provides a combined identification scheme to detect and discriminate different biological analytes, including nucleic acids, proteins, and various biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizi Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jining Li
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guorong Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fengxin Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhe He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaojun Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Huiyan Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weiling Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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3
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Chen Y, Li D, Liu Y, Hu L, Qi Y, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Chen T, Wang C, Zhong S, Ding J. Optimal frequency determination for terahertz technology-based detection of colitis-related cancer in mice. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300193. [PMID: 37556310 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a prevalent malignancy globally, often linked to chronic colitis. Terahertz technology, with its noninvasive and fingerprint spectroscopic properties, holds promise in disease diagnosis. This study aimed to explore terahertz technology's application in colitis-associated cancer using a mouse model. Mouse colorectal tissues were transformed into paraffin-embedded blocks for histopathological analysis using HE staining. Terahertz transmission spectroscopy was performed on the tissue blocks. By comparing terahertz absorption differences, specific frequency bands were identified as optimal for distinguishing cancerous and normal tissues. The study revealed that terahertz spectroscopy effectively differentiates colitis-related cancers from normal tissues. Remarkably, 1.8 THz emerged as a potential optimal frequency for diagnosing colorectal cancer in mice. This suggests the potential for rapid histopathological diagnosis of colorectal cancer using terahertz technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liwen Hu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanlin Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenghao Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingyan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - ChengDang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuncong Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Guidi AN, Mitchell ME, Holzman JF. Spatial and spectral characteristics in realizations of broadband terahertz spectroscopy on a subwavelength scale. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12332. [PMID: 37518815 PMCID: PMC10387480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we take aim at the fundamental challenge for realizations of broadband terahertz (THz) spectroscopy on a subwavelength scale. We introduce apertured THz microjets in this effort to resolve the fundamental limits of spatial resolution and spectral bandwidth. The THz microjets are formed as intense foci at the rear of engineered (microcomposite) spheres and are coupled through subwavelength (circular) apertures. Such coupling enables effective transmission of THz power through samples with broad spectral bandwidths and fine spatial resolutions. We show that the apertures function as high-pass filters, with their diameter d enabling strong transmission above a cutoff frequency fc. Our theoretical and experimental results reveal that the values for d and fc are prescribed by a fixed spatial-spectral product dfc, whereby reductions in d (to improve the spatial resolution) can raise fc into the targeted spectrum (at the expense of spectral bandwidth). We use this understanding to demonstrate broadband (0.3-0.7 THz) THz spectroscopy of lactose at the subwavelength (365 µm) scale. These results for apertured THz microjets represent a 20-fold improvement in spatial resolution over analogous apertured THz plane waves. Overall, our findings show promise for studies of carcinogenesis, pathogenesis, and the like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis N Guidi
- Integrated Optics Laboratory, School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Michael E Mitchell
- Integrated Optics Laboratory, School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Jonathan F Holzman
- Integrated Optics Laboratory, School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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Li Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Jin W, Tian H, Xie F, Xia K, Zhang X, Fu W, Zhang Y. Flexible Terahertz Metamaterial Biosensor for Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Hepatitis B Viral DNA Based on the Metal-Enhanced Sandwich Assay. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:930800. [PMID: 35992361 PMCID: PMC9388765 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.930800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The high sensitivity and specificity of terahertz (THz) biosensing are both promising and challenging in DNA sample detection. This study produced and refined a flexible THz MM biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of HBV in clinical serum samples based on a gold magnetic nanoparticle-mediated rolling circle amplification (GMNPs@RCA) sandwich assay under isothermal conditions. Typically, solid-phase RCA reactions mediated by circular padlock probes (PLPs) are triggered under isothermal conditions in the presence of HBV DNA, resulting in long single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with high fidelity and specificity. Then, the resultant ssDNA was conjugated with detection probes (DPs) immobilized on gold nanoparticles (DP@AuNPs) to form GMNPs-RCA-AuNPs sandwich complexes. The HBV DNA concentrations were quantified by introducing GMNPs-RCA-AuNPs complexes into the metasurface of a flexible THz metamaterial-based biosensor chip and resulting in a red shift of the resonance peak of the THz metamaterials. This biosensor can lead to highly specific and sensitive detection with one-base mismatch discrimination and a limit of detection (LOD) down to 1.27E + 02 IU/ml of HBV DNA from clinical serum samples. The HBV DNA concentration was linearly correlated with the frequency shift of the THz metamaterials within the range of 1.27E + 02∼1.27E + 07 IU/ml, illustrating the applicability and accuracy of our assay in real clinical samples. This strategy constitutes a promising THz sensing method to identify virus DNA. In the future, it is hoped it can assist with pathogen identification and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Li
- Medical Laboratory of the Third affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weidong Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huiyan Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fengxin Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Medical Laboratory of the Third affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuming Zhang, ; Weiling Fu, ; Yang Zhang,
| | - Weiling Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuming Zhang, ; Weiling Fu, ; Yang Zhang,
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuming Zhang, ; Weiling Fu, ; Yang Zhang,
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Multifrequency Investigation of Single- and Double-Stranded DNA with Scalable Metamaterial-Based THz Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070483. [PMID: 35884286 PMCID: PMC9312848 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the occurrence of THz-excited vibrational modes in biomacromolecules, the THz frequency range has been identified as particularly suitable for developing and applying new bioanalytical methods. We present a scalable THz metamaterial-based biosensor being utilized for the multifrequency investigation of single- and double-stranded DNA (ssDNA and dsDNA) samples. It is demonstrated that the metamaterial resonance frequency shift by the DNA’s presence depends on frequency. Our experiments with the scalable THz biosensors demonstrate a major change in the degree of the power function for dsDNA by 1.53 ± 0.06 and, in comparison, 0.34 ± 0.11 for ssDNA as a function of metamaterial resonance frequency. Thus, there is a significant advantage for dsDNA detection that can be used for increased sensitivity of biomolecular detection at higher frequencies. This work represents a first step for application-specific biosensors with potential advantages in sensitivity, specificity, and robustness.
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7
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Liu H, Liu X, Zhang Z, Liang M, Zhang C. A novel strategy regarding geometric product for liquids discrimination based on THz reflection spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 274:121104. [PMID: 35276474 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel expression of geometric product that associated with the geometric relationship from geometric algebra constructed by the vectorized refractive index and absorption coefficient in THz region is proposed, which could provide a new insight into the THz properties of materials. From the novel expression, the candidate characteristic parameters are extracted for liquids discrimination and present the abundant second order correlation information of optical parameters with the consideration of dimension rising. Three groups of liquids, containing C-reactive protein calibrators and alpha fetoprotein calibrators, were selected as examples to validate the feasibility of the proposed strategy. Comparing with the traditional THz parameters, including refractive index, absorption coefficient, and complex permittivity, the novel approach exhibits notable superiority for differentiation with the evaluation of statistical differences and effect sizes. The proposed geometric product expression could have a large potential on promoting the substance identification in some applications of THz technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiangyi Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Meiyan Liang
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Cunlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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8
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Li D, Zeng L, Wang Y, Tang HW, Lee WX, Chen Z, Zhang L, Zou Y, Xie D, Hu F. Terahertz metamaterial biosensor for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma at early stage. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:4817-4822. [PMID: 36255965 DOI: 10.1364/ao.459489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method for diagnosis of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by using a terahertz (THz) metamaterial (MM) biosensor. The biosensor has a resonance frequency at about 0.801 THz and can measure the concentration of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in serum. The sensitivity of the sensor is 124 GHz/refractive index unit (RIU), and the quality-factor (Q) is 6.913, respectively. When the surface of the biosensor is covered with healthy serum (AFP≤7ng/mL), the maximum resonance frequency shift is 50 GHz. However, when it is covered with serum from patients with cirrhosis and early HCC (AFP>7ng/mL), the resonance frequency shift is more than 59 GHz. Positive correlation exists between the frequency shift of the biosensor and serum levels of the AFP in the HCC patients. This study provides a method for quick diagnosis and prediction of cirrhosis and HCC.
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9
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The Design of Terahertz Frequency Quadruplers Based on Discrete Schottky Diodes. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:mi13010069. [PMID: 35056234 PMCID: PMC8778621 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the W-band power source, a single-stage frequency quadrupler method was used to implement two 335 GHz frequency quadruplers. The two frequency quadruplers adopted a traditional binomial matching structure and an improved gradient line matching structure, respectively. An idle loop was added to the overall circuit in the design of the DC filter and low-pass filter. The improved gradient line matching structure reduced the circuit length while increasing the bandwidth, effectively reducing the power loss on the transmission line. A micro-strip circuit was fabricated with a 50 μm thick quartz circuit and was mounted onto a split waveguide block. The results showed that the output power of the quadrupler with the improved matching structure was better than that of the quadrupler with the conventional matching structure. The peak output power of the improved frequency quadrupler was 4.75 mW at 333 GHz when driven with 200 mW. In contrast, this improved structure broadened the bandwidth by 8 GHz and reduced the length of the substrate by 0.607 mm, effectively reducing the length of the traditionally designed circuit by 11.5%.
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Bian Y, Zhang X, Zhu Z, Yang B. Vibrational modes optimization and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of -Lysine and -Lysine hydrate. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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12
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Song M, Yang F, Su C, Deng B. Characterizing hydrogen bonds in crystalline form of guanidinium salicylate in the terahertz range. RSC Adv 2020; 11:307-319. [PMID: 35423026 PMCID: PMC8691105 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08053e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For pharmaceutical compounds with poor solubility, there is an effective method to address this dilemma without tampering their intrinsic chemical properties by forming weak hydrogen bonds. Guanidinium salicylate, which is a typical pharmaceutical salt with a complex crystal structure, was systematically investigated by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy combined with density functional theory in order to obtain the complete information of weak hydrogen bonds. As a result of the influence of weak hydrogen bonds, there are substantial differences between guanidinium salicylate and its parent molecule (salicylic acid) in the experimental fingerprint spectra in the range of 0.2-2.5 THz, such as the number, amplitude and frequency positions of absorption peaks. With the help of isolated molecule density functional theory calculations, the possible sites of weak hydrogen bonds were determined by natural bond orbital analysis. It can be concluded that there is an intricate hydrogen bond network due to the polar distribution of molecular electrostatic potential. Furthermore, all THz absorption peaks were assigned to their corresponding vibrational modes and the complete information of the related hydrogen bonds (including type, role, angle, and bond length) was determined by using dispersion-corrected density functional theory. The results laid a good foundation for further study on the enhancement of solubility of pharmaceutical salts by forming weak hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojiang Song
- Guizhou Metrology Institute Guiyang Guizhou 550003 China
| | - Fei Yang
- Guizhou Metrology Institute Guiyang Guizhou 550003 China
| | - Caixia Su
- School of Big Data and Computer Science, Guizhou Nornal University Guizhou 550001 China
| | - Bing Deng
- Guizhou Metrology Institute Guiyang Guizhou 550003 China
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Liu H, Zhao K, Liu X, Zhang Z, Qian J, Zhang C, Liang M. Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on a terahertz signal and VMD-CWSE. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:5045-5059. [PMID: 33014599 PMCID: PMC7510877 DOI: 10.1364/boe.392860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy on combining variational mode decomposition (VMD) and composite weighted-scale sample entropy (CWSE) modified from composite multiscale entropy (CMSE) is proposed to screen hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by measuring the terahertz (THz) pulse signals of ten normal and ten HCC serums. Eight measured HCC specimens are negative in serum biomarker alpha fetoprotein (AFP) determination. In CWSE, the time series with weighted-scales are generated from the weighted average processing in the coarse-grained time series corresponding to each scale of the CMSE algorithm. VMD served as a preprocessing method was introduced into decomposing THz signal to obtain the mode functions of specific bandwidth for identification. Final results reveal that more obtainable entropy values of CWSE for recognition in comparison to those of CMSE on the basis of the rule of statistically significant difference and effect size and also manifest the stronger discriminability than the traditional THz parameters. This study provides a new potential auxiliary tool for diagnosis HCC and develops the methodology on the discrimination for similar THz signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiangyi Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jingyu Qian
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Cunlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Meiyan Liang
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Determination of Permittivity of Dielectric Analytes in the Terahertz Frequency Range Using Split Ring Resonator Elements Integrated with On-Chip Waveguide. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20154264. [PMID: 32751737 PMCID: PMC7435713 DOI: 10.3390/s20154264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the use of finite-element simulations as a novel method for determining the dielectric property of target materials in the terahertz (THz) frequency range using split-ring resonator (SRR) sensing elements integrated into a planar Goubau line (PGL) waveguide. Five such SRRs were designed to support resonances at specific target frequencies. The origin of resonance modes was identified by investigating the electric field distribution and surface current modes in each SRR. Red-shifts were found in the resonances upon deposition of overlaid test dielectric layers that saturated for thicknesses above 10 µm. We also confirmed that the SRRs can work as independent sensors by depositing the analyte onto each individually. The relation between the permittivity of the target material and the saturated resonant frequency was obtained in each case, and was used to extract the permittivity of a test dielectric layer at six different frequencies in the range of 200–700 GHz as an example application. Our approach enables the permittivity of small volumes of analytes to be determined at a series of discrete frequencies up to ~1 THz.
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Wu X, Wang L, Peng Y, Wu F, Cao J, Chen X, Wu W, Yang H, Xing M, Zhu Y, Shi Y, Zhuang S. Quantitative analysis of direct oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban by terahertz spectroscopy. Analyst 2020; 145:3909-3915. [PMID: 32301471 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rivaroxaban, as a direct oral anticoagulant, has been widely used in the treatment and prevention of thrombosis disease (TD). However, even if the same dose of rivaroxaban is taken, different pathophysiological characteristics of TD patients determine the differences in plasma concentrations between individuals, leading to the difficulties of dosage selection and plasma concentration control. Conventional rivaroxaban detection methods, including prothrombin time method, anti-Xa assay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), are not widely used in clinical practice due to the limitations of accuracy, speed and cost. Here, we present a simple quantitative detection method for rivaroxaban by terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. Combining density functional theory (DFT) method and THz spectroscopy, the THz absorption peaks of rivaroxaban and the corresponding low-frequency vibrational modes are studied theoretically and experimentally. We find linear relationships between the amplitudes of these characteristic peaks and the concentrations of rivaroxaban. Based on these linear functions, we can analyse the rivaroxaban concentration with a detection time of 1 minute per test and the lowest detection limit of 2 μmol mL-1. As compared to Raman spectroscopy method (its detection limit is about 80 μmol mL-1), our method has more potential and is practical for the clinical quantitative detection of rivaroxaban as well as other direct oral anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Terahertz Science Cooperative Innovation Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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16
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Jiang Y, Ge H, Zhang Y. Quantitative analysis of wheat maltose by combined terahertz spectroscopy and imaging based on Boosting ensemble learning. Food Chem 2020; 307:125533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Weisenstein C, Schaar D, Katharina Wigger A, Schäfer-Eberwein H, Bosserhoff AK, Haring Bolívar P. Ultrasensitive THz biosensor for PCR-free cDNA detection based on frequency selective surfaces. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:448-460. [PMID: 32010527 PMCID: PMC6968760 DOI: 10.1364/boe.380818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
THz technologies are a powerful tool for label-free detection of biomolecules. However, significant reduction of the lower detection limit is required to apply THz-sensors in biomedical diagnosis. This paper reports an ultrasensitive THz-biosensor based on asymmetric double split ring resonators (aDSRR) for the direct label- and PCR-free detection of DNA at physiologically relevant concentrations. We introduce selective functionalization and localized electric field concentration to enhance aDSRR sensitivity and specificity. The sensor characteristics are demonstrated using the human tumor marker MIA in cDNA samples produced from total RNA without PCR-amplification. Measurements of DNA samples with concentrations as low as 1.55 × 10-12 mol/l are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Weisenstein
- Institute of High Frequency and Quantum Electronics HQE, University of Siegen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schaar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Anna Katharina Wigger
- Institute of High Frequency and Quantum Electronics HQE, University of Siegen, Germany
| | | | - Anja K. Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Peter Haring Bolívar
- Institute of High Frequency and Quantum Electronics HQE, University of Siegen, Germany
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18
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Abstract
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a non-invasive, non-contact and label-free technique for biological and chemical sensing as THz-spectra are less energetic and lie in the characteristic vibration frequency regime of proteins and DNA molecules. However, THz-TDS is less sensitive for the detection of micro-organisms of size equal to or less than λ/100 (where, λ is the wavelength of the incident THz wave), and molecules in extremely low concentration solutions (like, a few femtomolar). After successful high-throughput fabrication of nanostructures, nanoantennas were found to be indispensable in enhancing the sensitivity of conventional THz-TDS. These nanostructures lead to strong THz field enhancement when in resonance with the absorption spectrum of absorptive molecules, causing significant changes in the magnitude of the transmission spectrum, therefore, enhancing the sensitivity and allowing the detection of molecules and biomaterials in extremely low concentration solutions. Herein, we review the recent developments in ultra-sensitive and selective nanogap biosensors. We have also provided an in-depth review of various high-throughput nanofabrication techniques. We also discussed the physics behind the field enhancements in the sub-skin depth as well as sub-nanometer sized nanogaps. We introduce finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation tools to study THz biomolecular interactions. Finally, we provide a comprehensive account of nanoantenna enhanced sensing of viruses (like, H1N1) and biomolecules such as artificial sweeteners which are addictive and carcinogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Adak
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi - 835215, Jharkhand, India.
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19
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Abstract
Based on a W-band high-power source, two schemes are proposed to realize a 335 GHz frequency multiplier source. The first scheme involves producing a 335 GHz signal with a two-stage doubler. The first doubler adopts two-way power-combined technology and the second stage is a 335 GHz doubler using a balanced circuit to suppress the odd harmonics. The measured output power was about 17.9 and 1.5 dBm at 167.5 and 335 GHz, respectively. The other scheme involves producing a 335 GHz signal with a single-stage quadrupler built on 50 µm thick quartz circuit adopting an unbalanced structure. The advantage of the unbalanced structure is that it can provide bias to the diodes without an on-chip capacitor, which is hard to realize with discrete devices. The measured output power was about 5.8 dBm at 337 GHz when driven with 22.9 dBm. Such 335 GHz frequency multiplier sources are widely used in terahertz imaging, radiometers, and so on.
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20
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Lang T, Shen T, Hu J, Hong Z. Spectrometer based on parallel-plate waveguides utilizing abnormal transmission. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:1413-1418. [PMID: 30874026 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.001413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We designed a new, simple device based on parallel-plate waveguides (PPWGs) utilizing abnormal transmission to achieve the analogous function of a terahertz spectrometer. The phase gradient of the PPWGs is π/mm, and the designed wavelength is 0.3 THz. When abnormal transmission occurs, the position of outgoing light changes with the wavelength of the incident light with a quadratic function relationship, which can realize the terahertz spectrometer. The effect of different polarization was verified to be negligible when the polarization angle was 0-10°. The PPWG-based spectrometer has the advantages of simple structure and easy fabrication and can further help the development of terahertz technology.
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21
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Zhang M, Yang Z, Tang M, Wang D, Wang H, Yan S, Wei D, Cui HL. Terahertz Spectroscopic Signatures of Microcystin Aptamer Solution Probed with a Microfluidic Chip. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19030534. [PMID: 30696003 PMCID: PMC6387113 DOI: 10.3390/s19030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz signature detection of biological samples in aqueous solution remains a great challenge due to the strong terahertz absorption of water. Here we propose a new preparation process for fabricating a microfluidic chip and use it as an effective sensor to probe the terahertz absorption signatures of microcystin aptamer (a linear single-stranded DNA with 60 nucleotides) dissolved in TE buffer with different concentrations. The microfluidic chip made of silicon includes thousands of 2.4 μm × 2.4 μm square-cross-section channels. One repeatable terahertz absorption signature is detected and recognized around 830 GHz, fitted to a Lorentz oscillator. This signature is theorized to originate from the bending of hydrogen bonds formed between adjacent hydrated DNA bases surrounded by water molecules. Furthermore, the low-lying vibrational modes are also investigated by molecular dynamics simulations which suggest that strong resonant oscillations are highly probable in the 815–830 GHz frequency band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and 3D Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Zhongbo Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and 3D Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Mingjie Tang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and 3D Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and 3D Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Huabin Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and 3D Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Shihan Yan
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and 3D Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Dongshan Wei
- School of Electrical Engineering and Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and 3D Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Hong-Liang Cui
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and 3D Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
- College of Instrumentation Science and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China.
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22
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Wei L, Yu L, Jiaoqi H, Guorong H, Yang Z, Weiling F. Application of terahertz spectroscopy in biomolecule detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.flm.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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23
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Biomedical Applications of Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 34:810-824. [PMID: 27207226 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz=10(12)Hz) radiation has attracted wide attention for its unprecedented sensing ability and its noninvasive and nonionizing properties. Tremendous strides in THz instrumentation have prompted impressive breakthroughs in THz biomedical research. Here, we review the current state of THz spectroscopy and imaging in various biomedical applications ranging from biomolecules, including DNA/RNA, amino acids/peptides, proteins, and carbohydrates, to cells and tissues. We also address the potential biological effects of THz radiation during its biological applications and propose future prospects for this cutting-edge technology.
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24
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Zhao X, Zhang M, Wei D, Wang Y, Yan S, Liu M, Yang X, Yang K, Cui HL, Fu W. Label-free sensing of the binding state of MUC1 peptide and anti-MUC1 aptamer solution in fluidic chip by terahertz spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:4427-4437. [PMID: 29082075 PMCID: PMC5654790 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aptamer and target molecule binding reaction has been widely applied for construction of aptasensors, most of which are labeled methods. In contrast, terahertz technology proves to be a label-free sensing tool for biomedical applications. We utilize terahertz absorption spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the variation of binding-induced collective vibration of hydrogen bond network in a mixed solution of MUC1 peptide and anti-MUC1 aptamer. The results show that binding-induced alterations of hydrogen bond numbers could be sensitively reflected by the variation of terahertz absorption coefficients of the mixed solution in a customized fluidic chip. The minimal detectable concentration is determined as 1 pmol/μL, which is approximately equal to the optimal immobilized concentration of aptasensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Contributed equally
| | - Mingkun Zhang
- Chongqing Key laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Contributed equally
| | - Dongshan Wei
- Chongqing Key laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shihan Yan
- Chongqing Key laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Mengwan Liu
- Chongqing Key laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hong-Liang Cui
- Chongqing Key laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Weiling Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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25
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Lee DK, Kang JH, Kwon J, Lee JS, Lee S, Woo DH, Kim JH, Song CS, Park QH, Seo M. Nano metamaterials for ultrasensitive Terahertz biosensing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8146. [PMID: 28811551 PMCID: PMC5557762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a candidate for a rapid detection of biomaterials, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy system can be considered with some advantage in non-destructive, label-free, and non-contact manner. Because protein-ligand binding energy is in the THz range, especially, most important conformational information in molecular interactions can be captured by THz electromagnetic wave. Based on the THz time-domain spectroscopy system, THz nano-metamaterial sensing chips were prepared for great enhancing of detection sensitivity. A metamaterial sensing chip was designed for increasing of absorption cross section of the target sample, related to the transmitted THz near field enhancement via the composition of metamaterial. The measured THz optical properties were then analyzed in terms of refractive index and absorption coefficient, and compared with simulation results. Also, virus quantification regarding various concentrations of the viruses was performed, showing a clear linearity. The proposed sensitive and selective THz detection method can provide abundant information of detected biomaterials to help deep understanding of fundamental optical characteristics of them, suggesting rapid diagnosis way especially useful for such dangerous and time-sensitive target biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kyu Lee
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Kang
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Junghoon Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science & Technology, 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Lee
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Ha Woo
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hun Kim
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Q-Han Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Seo
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Yang X, Yang K, Zhao X, Lin Z, Liu Z, Luo S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Fu W. Terahertz spectroscopy for the isothermal detection of bacterial DNA by magnetic bead-based rolling circle amplification. Analyst 2017; 142:4661-4669. [PMID: 29119154 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01438d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A terahertz biosensor based on rolling circle amplification was developed for the isothermal detection of bacterial DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Southwest Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400038
- China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Southwest Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400038
- China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Southwest Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400038
- China
| | - Zhongquan Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Southwest Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400038
- China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Southwest Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400038
- China
| | - Sha Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Southwest Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400038
- China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Southwest Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400038
- China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Southwest Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400038
- China
| | - Weiling Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Southwest Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400038
- China
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27
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Cheon H, Yang HJ, Lee SH, Kim YA, Son JH. Terahertz molecular resonance of cancer DNA. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37103. [PMID: 27845398 PMCID: PMC5109182 DOI: 10.1038/srep37103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis involves the chemical and structural alteration of biomolecules in cells. Aberrant methylation of DNA is a well-known carcinogenic mechanism and a common chemical modification of DNA. Terahertz waves can directly observe changes in DNA because the characteristic energies lie in the same frequency region. In addition, terahertz energy levels are not high enough to damage DNA by ionization. Here, we present terahertz molecular resonance fingerprints of DNA methylation in cancer DNA. Methylated cytidine, a nucleoside, has terahertz characteristic energies that give rise to the molecular resonance of methylation in DNA. Molecular resonance is monitored in aqueous solutions of genomic DNA from cancer cell lines using a terahertz time-domain spectroscopic technique. Resonance signals can be quantified to identify the types of cancer cells with a certain degree of DNA methylation. These measurements reveal the existence of molecular resonance fingerprints of cancer DNAs in the terahertz region, which can be utilized for the early diagnosis of cancer cells at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwayeong Cheon
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Young A Kim
- Department of Pathology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hiuk Son
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
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28
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Yang X, Wei D, Yan S, Liu Y, Yu S, Zhang M, Yang Z, Zhu X, Huang Q, Cui HL, Fu W. Rapid and label-free detection and assessment of bacteria by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:1050-1058. [PMID: 26890249 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrated the potential and applicability of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy to detect four commonly found bacteria in the infectious diseases. Besides the different spectral characteristics between bacterial species, THz absorption differences for living bacteria, dead bacteria and bacterial powder of the same species were also investigated. Our results revealed that small differences in water contents between bacterial cells account for distinct discrepancies of the absorption coefficients, which can be used for bacterial species identification. Furthermore, living and dead bacteria showed different absorption coefficients as a result of their different hydration levels, suggesting that THz spectroscopy can be used to rapidly assess the living state of bacteria under test. Our results clearly demonstrated the ability of THz spectroscopy for time-saving and label-free detection of bacteria with minimal sample preparation, potentially to be utilized for point-of-care tests in the near future. Schematic representation of bacterial detection by THz spectroscopy. Different bacteria have distinctive absorption coefficients as a result of their different water contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dongshan Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Shihan Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shu Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mingkun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Zhongbo Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hong-Liang Cui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
- College of Instrumentation Science and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China.
| | - Weiling Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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29
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Ge H, Jiang Y, Lian F, Zhang Y, Xia S. Quantitative determination of aflatoxin B1 concentration in acetonitrile by chemometric methods using terahertz spectroscopy. Food Chem 2016; 209:286-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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González-Jiménez M, Ramakrishnan G, Harwood T, Lapthorn AJ, Kelly SM, Ellis EM, Wynne K. Observation of coherent delocalized phonon-like modes in DNA under physiological conditions. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11799. [PMID: 27248361 PMCID: PMC4895446 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Underdamped terahertz-frequency delocalized phonon-like modes have long been suggested to play a role in the biological function of DNA. Such phonon modes involve the collective motion of many atoms and are prerequisite to understanding the molecular nature of macroscopic conformational changes and related biochemical phenomena. Initial predictions were based on simple theoretical models of DNA. However, such models do not take into account strong interactions with the surrounding water, which is likely to cause phonon modes to be heavily damped and localized. Here we apply state-of-the-art femtosecond optical Kerr effect spectroscopy, which is currently the only technique capable of taking low-frequency (GHz to THz) vibrational spectra in solution. We are able to demonstrate that phonon modes involving the hydrogen bond network between the strands exist in DNA at physiologically relevant conditions. In addition, the dynamics of the solvating water molecules is slowed down by about a factor of 20 compared with the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Harwood
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Adrian J. Lapthorn
- School of Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sharon M. Kelly
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth M. Ellis
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Klaas Wynne
- School of Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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31
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Samanta N, Mahanta DD, Mitra RK. Collective hydration dynamics of guanidinium chloride solutions and its possible role in protein denaturation: a terahertz spectroscopic study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:23308-15. [PMID: 25259383 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03273j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable ability of guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) to denature proteins is a well studied yet controversial phenomenon; the exact molecular mechanism is still debatable, especially the role of hydration dynamics, which has been paid less attention. In the present contribution, we have addressed the issue of whether the collective hydrogen bond dynamics of water gets perturbed in the presence of GdmCl and its possible impact on the denaturation of a globular protein human serum albumin (HSA), using terahertz (THz) time domain spectroscopy (TTDS) in the frequency range of 0.3-2.0 THz. The collective hydrogen bond dynamics is determined by fitting the obtained complex dielectric response in a multiple Debye relaxation model. To compare the results, the studies were extended to two more salts: tetramethylguanidinium chloride (TMGdmCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl). It was concluded that the change in hydration dynamics plays a definite role in the protein denaturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirnay Samanta
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700098, India.
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32
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Concentration-dependent effects on fully hydrated DNA at terahertz frequencies. J Biol Phys 2015; 41:247-56. [PMID: 25698575 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-015-9377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), the frequency-dependent dielectric constant of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in solution was measured. The response of the buffer solution is dominated by two Debye modes in this frequency range, and, from an analysis of the concentration dependence, the presence of the DNA increases the main relaxation time and dielectric constant. This reflects the fact that the water in the hydration layer is more tightly bound under the influence of the DNA molecule in comparison to bulk water. This dynamical slowing down with increasing DNA concentration is similar to what is observed with purine nucleotides, but opposite to the behavior of pyrimidine nucleotides. In addition, a suspension model was used with the concentration-dependent data to isolate the dielectric response of the hydrated DNA molecule. The data for the hydrated DNA molecule is still dominated by a Debye response. It is also possible to determine the thickness of the hydration layer, and the DNA molecule influences the surrounding water out to 16 or 17 Å, which corresponds to about six effective hydration layers.
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Medvedev AG, Shishkina AV, Prikhodchenko PV, Lev O, Vener MV. The applicability of the dimeric heterosynthon concept to molecules with equivalent binding sites. A DFT study of crystalline urea–H2O2. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02498f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited applicability of the dimeric heterosynthon concept to a two-component urea–H2O2crystal is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Medvedev
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- RAS
- Moscow
- Russia
- The Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry
| | | | | | - O. Lev
- The Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry
- The Institute of Chemistry
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem
- Israel
| | - M. V. Vener
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- RAS
- Moscow
- Russia
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology
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Yang J, Li S, Zhao H, Song B, Zhang G, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Han J. Molecular recognition and interaction between uracil and urea in solid-state studied by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10927-33. [PMID: 25386785 DOI: 10.1021/jp506045q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy characterization, we observe that urea is able to recognize and interact with uracil efficiently even in the solid phase without involving water or solvents. A cocrystal configuration linked by a pair of hydrogen bonds between uracil and urea was formed. The terahertz absorption spectrum of the cocrystal shows a distinct new absorption at 0.8 THz (26.7 cm(-1)), which originates from the intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Both mechanical milling and heating can accelerate the reaction efficiently. Density functional theory was adopted to simulate the vibrational modes of the cocrystal, and the results agree well with the experimental observation. Multiple techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, were performed to investigate the reaction process, and they presented supportive evidence. This work enables in-depth understanding of recognition and interaction of urea with nucleobases and comprehension of the denaturation related to RNA. We also demonstrate that terahertz spectroscopy is an effective and alternative tool for online measurement and quality control in pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
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Guo H, He M, Huang R, Qi W, Guo W, Su R, He Z. Changes in the supramolecular structures of cellulose after hydrolysis studied by terahertz spectroscopy and other methods. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08314h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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36
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Yan C, Yang B, Yu Z. Retracted Article: Methanol-induced conformation transition of gland fibroin monitored by FTIR spectroscopy and terahertz spectroscopy. Analyst 2014; 139:1967-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01547e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Polley D, Patra A, Mitra RK. Dielectric relaxation of the extended hydration sheathe of DNA in the THz frequency region. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Yan C, Yang B, Yu Z. Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy for the Identification of Two Cellulosic Fibers with Similar Chemical Composition. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.747098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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