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Yang QY, Tan Y, Qu ZH, Sun Y, Liu AW, Hu SM. Multiple Gas Detection by Cavity-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy with Sub-ppm Sensitivity. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5652-5660. [PMID: 36940417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and sensitive detection of multicomponent trace gases below the parts-per-million (ppm) level is needed in a variety of medical, industrial, and environmental applications. Raman spectroscopy can identify multiple molecules in the sample simultaneously and has excellent potential for fast diagnosis of various samples, but applications are often limited by its sensitivity. In this contribution, we report the development of a cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy instrument using a narrow-line width 532 nm laser locked with a high-finesse cavity through a Pound-Drever-Hall locking servo, which allows continuous measurement in a broad spectral range. An intracavity laser power of up to 1 kW was achieved with an incident laser power of about 240 mW, resulting in a significant enhancement of the Raman signal in the range of 200-5000 cm-1 and a sub-ppm sensitivity for various molecules. The technique is applied in the detection of different samples, including ambient air, natural gas, and reference gas of sulfur hexafluoride, demonstrating its capability for the quantitative measurement of various trace components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ying Yang
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Han Qu
- State Grid Hubei Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Institute of Advanced Science Facilities, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - An-Wen Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shui-Ming Hu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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2
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Zhang Y, Su Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, He M. 氢气传感器的进展与展望. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Khannanov MN, Van'kov AB, Novikov AA, Semenov AP, Gushchin PA, Gubarev SI, Kirpichev VE, Morozova EN, Kulik LV, Kukushkin IV. Analysis of Natural Gas Using a Portable Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Coupled Raman Spectrometer. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:1496-1504. [PMID: 32162524 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820915535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The low accessibility of natural gas fields and transporting pipelines requires portable online analyzers of the composition of natural gas, ensuring nearly chromatographic precision and capable of in situ analysis of a wide range of gases, including infrared-inactive ones (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine). We have developed an express method of gas analysis meeting all the requirements for analysis of natural gas and its derivative mixtures using a portable 532 nm Raman spectrometer rigidly connected to a hollow-core crystal photonic fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim N Khannanov
- Institute of Solid State Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander B Van'kov
- Institute of Solid State Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei A Novikov
- Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas 65/1 Leninsky prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russia, Moskva 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anton P Semenov
- Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas 65/1 Leninsky prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russia, Moskva 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A Gushchin
- Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas 65/1 Leninsky prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russia, Moskva 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei I Gubarev
- Institute of Solid State Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim E Kirpichev
- Institute of Solid State Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - Elena N Morozova
- Institute of Solid State Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid V Kulik
- Institute of Solid State Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Kukushkin
- Institute of Solid State Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
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Petrov DV, Matrosov II, Zaripov AR, Maznoy AS. Application of Raman Spectroscopy for Determination of Syngas Composition. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:948-953. [PMID: 32186201 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820917222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a unique tool for fast analysis of multicomponent gas media. In this work, we studied the features of application of this method for monitoring the syngas (mixture of CO + H2 + CH4 + CO2 + N2) composition. To determine concentrations, we used contour fit method, where the Raman spectrum of mixture is compared with a synthetically calculated spectrum. The effects of pressure changes and various exposure times on the accuracy of measurements are investigated. It was found that effect of pressure and environment on band contours results in measurement errors several times higher than the errors caused by deviations of the signal intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Petrov
- Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ivan I Matrosov
- Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexey R Zaripov
- Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems, Tomsk, Russia
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Wang P, Chen W, Wang J, Tang J, Shi Y, Wan F. Multigas Analysis by Cavity-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Power Transformer Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5969-5977. [PMID: 32216282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the utility of cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (CERS) as a unique multigas analysis tool for power transformer diagnosis. For this purpose, improvements have been added to our recently introduced CERS apparatus. Based on optical feedback frequency-locking, laser radiation is coupled into a high-finesse optical cavity, thus resulting in huge intracavity laser power. With 20 s exposure time, ppm-level gas sensing at 1 bar total pressure is achieved, including carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), ethylene (C2H4), acetylene (C2H2), nitrogen (N2), and oxygen (O2). By using the internal standard gas (sulfur hexafluoride, SF6), the quantification of multigas with high accuracy is also realized, which is confirmed by the measurement of calibration gases. For fault diagnosis, transformer oil is sampled from a 110 kV power transformer in service. Dissolved gases are extracted and analyzed by the CERS apparatus. Then the transformer is diagnosed according to the measurement results. CERS has the ability to analyze multigas with high selectivity, sensitivity, and accuracy, it has great potential in gas sensing fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Weigen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jun Tang
- State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company, No. 18, Jiaozi North Second Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongli Shi
- China Southern Power Grid Company Limited, No. 137, Guanshan West Road, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Fu Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044, China
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Alahmari S, Kang XW, Hippler M. Diode laser photoacoustic spectroscopy of CO 2, H 2S and O 2 in a differential Helmholtz resonator for trace gas analysis in the biosciences and petrochemistry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3777-3787. [PMID: 31111181 PMCID: PMC6595070 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic spectroscopy in a differential Helmholtz resonator has been employed with near-IR and red diode lasers for the detection of CO2, H2S and O2 in 1 bar of air/N2 and natural gas, in static and flow cell measurements. With the red distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser, O2 can be detected at 764.3 nm with a noise equivalent detection limit of 0.60 mbar (600 ppmv) in 1 bar of air (35-mW laser, 1-s integration), corresponding to a normalised absorption coefficient α = 2.2 × 10-8 cm-1 W s1/2. Within the tuning range of the near-IR DFB diode laser (6357-6378 cm-1), CO2 and H2S absorption features can be accessed, with a noise equivalent detection limit of 0.160 mbar (160 ppmv) CO2 in 1 bar N2 (30-mW laser, 1-s integration), corresponding to a normalised absorption coefficient α = 8.3 × 10-9 cm-1 W s1/2. Due to stronger absorptions, the noise equivalent detection limit of H2S in 1 bar N2 is 0.022 mbar (22 ppmv) at 1-s integration time. Similar detection limits apply to trace impurities in 1 bar natural gas. Detection limits scale linearly with laser power and with the square root of integration time. At 16-s total measurement time to obtain a spectrum, a noise equivalent detection limit of 40 ppmv CO2 is obtained after a spectral line fitting procedure, for example. Possible interferences due to weak water and methane absorptions have been discussed and shown to be either negligible or easy to correct. The setup has been used for simultaneous in situ monitoring of O2, CO2 and H2S in the cysteine metabolism of microbes (E. coli), and for the analysis of CO2 and H2S impurities in natural gas. Due to the inherent signal amplification and noise cancellation, photoacoustic spectroscopy in a differential Helmholtz resonator has a great potential for trace gas analysis, with possible applications including safety monitoring of toxic gases and applications in the biosciences and for natural gas analysis in petrochemistry. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Alahmari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Xiu-Wen Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Michael Hippler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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7
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Smith TW, Hippler M. Cavity-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in the Biosciences: In Situ, Multicomponent, and Isotope Selective Gas Measurements To Study Hydrogen Production and Consumption by Escherichia coli. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2147-2154. [PMID: 28105804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently we introduced cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (CERS) with optical feedback cw-diode lasers as a sensitive analytical tool. Here we report improvements made on the technique and its first application in the biosciences for in situ, multicomponent, and isotope selective gas measurements to study hydrogen production and consumption by Escherichia coli. Under anaerobic conditions, cultures grown on rich media supplemented with d-glucose or glycerol produce H2 and simultaneously consume some of it. By introducing D2 in the headspace, hydrogen production and consumption could be separated due to the distinct spectroscopic signatures of isotopomers. Different phases with distinctly different kinetic regimes of H2 and CO2 production and D2 consumption were identified. Some of the D2 consumed is converted back to H2 via H/D exchange with the solvent. HD was formed only as a minor component. This reflects either that H/D exchange at hydrogenase active sites is rapid compared to the rate of recombination, rapid recapture of HD occurs after the molecule is formed, or that the active sites where D2 oxidation and proton reduction occur are physically separated. Whereas in glucose supplemented cultures, addition of D2 led to an increase in H2 produced, while the yield of CO2 remained unchanged; with glycerol, addition of D2 led not only to increased yields of H2, but also significantly increased CO2 production, reflecting an impact on fermentation pathways. Addition of CO was found to completely inhibit H2 production and significantly reduce D2 oxidation, indicating at least some role for O2-tolerant Hyd-1 in D2 consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hippler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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Rao KS, Chaudhary AK, Kommu N, Sahoo AK. Evaluation of thermal stability and acoustic fingerprint spectra of energetic 1,2,4-triazoles based on bond lengths of chemical substituents using pulsed photoacoustic technique. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21369j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of the bond lengths of the chemical substituents on the thermal stability of newly synthesized nitro rich 1,2,4-triazoles such as P-Me-DNPT, P-OMe-DNPT, and P-NH2-DNPT using pulsed photoacoustic pyrolysis technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Rao
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500 046
- India
| | - A. K. Chaudhary
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500 046
- India
| | - N. Kommu
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500 046
- India
| | - A. K. Sahoo
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500 046
- India
- School of Chemistry
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9
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Hippler M. Cavity-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Natural Gas with Optical Feedback cw-Diode Lasers. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7803-9. [PMID: 26161683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on improvements made on our previously introduced technique of cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (CERS) with optical feedback cw-diode lasers in the gas phase, including a new mode-matching procedure which keeps the laser in resonance with the optical cavity without inducing long-term frequency shifts of the laser, and using a new CCD camera with improved noise performance. With 10 mW of 636.2 nm diode laser excitation and 30 s integration time, cavity enhancement achieves noise-equivalent detection limits below 1 mbar at 1 bar total pressure, depending on Raman cross sections. Detection limits can be easily improved using higher power diodes. We further demonstrate a relevant analytical application of CERS, the multicomponent analysis of natural gas samples. Several spectroscopic features have been identified and characterized. CERS with low power diode lasers is suitable for online monitoring of natural gas mixtures with sensitivity and spectroscopic selectivity, including monitoring H2, H2S, N2, CO2, and alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hippler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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Salter R, Chu J, Hippler M. Cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with optical feedback cw diode lasers for gas phase analysis and spectroscopy. Analyst 2013; 137:4669-76. [PMID: 22836382 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35722d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A variant of cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (CERS) is introduced, in which diode laser radiation at 635 nm is coupled into an external linear optical cavity composed of two highly reflective mirrors. Using optical feedback stabilisation, build-up of circulating laser power by 3 orders of magnitude occurs. Strong Raman signals are collected in forward scattering geometry. Gas phase CERS spectra of H(2), air, CH(4) and benzene are recorded to demonstrate the potential for analytical applications and fundamental molecular studies. Noise equivalent limits of detection in the ppm by volume range (1 bar sample) can be achieved with excellent linearity with a 10 mW excitation laser, with sensitivity increasing with laser power and integration time. The apparatus can be operated with battery powered components and can thus be very compact and portable. Possible applications include safety monitoring of hydrogen gas levels, isotope tracer studies (e.g., (14)N/(15)N ratios), observing isotopomers of hydrogen (e.g., radioactive tritium), and simultaneous multi-component gas analysis. CERS has the potential to become a standard method for sensitive gas phase Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Salter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, UK
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