1
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Kim D, Bossi ML, Belov VN, Hell SW. Supramolecular Complex of Cucurbit[7]uril with Diketopyrrolopyrole Dye: Fluorescence Boost, Biolabeling and Optical Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202410217. [PMID: 38881490 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
New photostable and bright supramolecular complexes based on cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) host and diketopyrrolopyrole (DPP) guest dyes having two positively charged 4-(trimethylammonio)phenyl groups were prepared and characterized. The dye core displays large Stokes shift (in H2O, abs./emission max. 480/550 nm; ϵ~19 000, τfl>4 ns), strong binding with the host (~560 nM Kd) and a linker affording fluorescence detection of bioconjugates with antibody and nanobody. Combination of protein-functionalized DPP dye with CB7 improves photostability and affords up to 12-fold emission gain. Two-color confocal and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy with 595 nm or 655 nm STED depletion lasers shows that the presence of CB7 not only leads to improved brightness and image quality, but also results in DPP becoming cell-permeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dojin Kim
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences (MPI-NAT), Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mariano L Bossi
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (MPI-MR), Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir N Belov
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences (MPI-NAT), Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan W Hell
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences (MPI-NAT), Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (MPI-MR), Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Tretyakov E, Gorbunov D, Gritsan N, Keerthi A, Baumgarten M, Schollmeyer D, Ivanov M, Sergeeva A, Fedin M. Synthesis and photoinduced behavior of DPP-anchored nitronyl nitroxides: a multifaceted approach. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6178-6189. [PMID: 38375011 PMCID: PMC10875417 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00916a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding and controlling spin dynamics in organic dyes is of significant scientific and technological interest. The investigation of 2,5-dihydropyrrolo[4,3-c]pyrrolo-1,4-dione derivatives (DPPs), one of the most widely used dyes in many fields, has so far been limited to closed-shell molecules. We present a comprehensive joint experimental and computational study of DPP derivatives covalently linked to two nitronyl nitroxide radicals (DPPTh-NN2). Synthesis, single crystal X-ray diffraction study, photophysical properties, magnetic properties established using steady-state and pulse EPR, fast spin dynamics, and computational modelling using density functional theory and ab initio methods of electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of DPPTh-NN2 are presented. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of DPPTh-NN2 and computational modeling of its electronic structure suggest that effective conjugation along the backbone leads to noticeable spin-polarization transfer. Calculations using ab initio methods predict a weak exchange interaction of radical centers through a singlet ground state of DPPTh with a small singlet-triplet splitting (ΔEST) of about 25 cm-1 (∼0.07 kcal mol-1). In turn, a strong ferromagnetic exchange interaction between the triplet state of DPPTh chromophore and nitronyl nitroxides (with J ∼ 250 cm-1) was predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Tretyakov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Ave. 47 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Gorbunov
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion 3 Institutskaya Str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Nina Gritsan
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion 3 Institutskaya Str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Ashok Keerthi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester Oxford Road M13 9PL UK
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz D-55128 Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Mikhail Ivanov
- International Tomography Center 3a Institutskaya Str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Anna Sergeeva
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Ave. 47 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Matvey Fedin
- International Tomography Center 3a Institutskaya Str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
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3
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Monteiro-de-Castro G, Borges I. A Hammett's analysis of the substituent effect in functionalized diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) systems: Optoelectronic properties and intramolecular charge transfer effects. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:2256-2273. [PMID: 37496237 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) systems have promising applications in different organic electronic devices. In this work, we investigated the effect of 20 different substituent groups on the optoelectronic properties of DPP-based derivatives as the donor ( D )-material in an organic photovoltaic (OPV) device. For this purpose, we employed Hammett's theory (HT), which quantifies the electron-donating or -withdrawing properties of a given substituent group. Machine learning (ML)-basedσ m ,σ p ,σ m 0 ,σ p 0 ,σ p + ,σ p - ,σ I , andσ R Hammett's constants previously determined were used. Mono- (DPP-X1 ) and di-functionalized (DPP-X2 ) DPPs, where X is a substituent group, were investigated using density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT (TDDFT), and ab initio methods. Several properties were computed using CAM-B3LYP and the second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction, ADC(2), an ab initio wave function method, including the adiabatic ionization potential ( I P A ), the electron affinity ( E A A ), the HOMO-LUMO gaps (E g ), and the maximum absorption wavelengths (λ max ), the first excited state transition 1 S0 → 1 S1 energies ( ∆ E ) (the optical gap), and exciton binding energies. From the optoelectronic properties and employing typical acceptor systems, the power conversion efficiency ( PCE ), open-circuit voltage (V OC ), and fill factor ( FF ) were predicted for a DPP-based OPV device. These photovoltaic properties were also correlated with the machine learning (ML)-based Hammett's constants. Overall, good correlations between all properties and the different types of σ constants were obtained, except for theσ I constants, which are related to inductive effects. This scenario suggests that resonance is the main factor controlling electron donation and withdrawal effects. We found that substituent groups with large σ values can produce higher photovoltaic efficiencies. It was also found that electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) reducedE g and ∆ E considerably compared to the unsubstituted DPP-H. Moreover, for every decrease (increase) in the values of a given optoelectronic property of DPP-X1 systems, a more significant decrease (increase) in the same values was observed for the DPP-X2 , thus showing that the addition of the second substituent results in a more extensive influence on all electronic properties. For the exciton binding energies, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm identified groups of substituents characterized by average values (centroids) of Hammett's constants that can drive the search for new DDP-derived materials. Our work presents a promising approach by applying HT on molecular engineering DPP-based molecules and other conjugated molecules for applications on organic optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Defesa, Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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4
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Regeni I, Chowdhury R, Terlinden K, Horiuchi S, Holstein JJ, Feldmann S, Clever GH. Engineering Soluble Diketopyrrolopyrrole Chromophore Stacks from a Series of Pd(II)-Based Ravels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308288. [PMID: 37459561 PMCID: PMC10952814 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
A strategy to engineer the stacking of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) dyes based on non-statistical metallosupramolecular self-assembly is introduced. For this, the DPP backbone is equipped with nitrogen-based donors that allow for different discrete assemblies to be formed upon the addition of Pd(II), distinguished by the number of π-stacked chromophores. A Pd3 L6 three-ring, a heteroleptic Pd2 L2 L'2 ravel composed of two crossing DPPs (flanked by two carbazoles), and two unprecedented self-penetrated motifs (a Pd2 L3 triple and a Pd2 L4 quadruple stack), were obtained and systematically investigated. With increasing counts of stacked chromophores, UV/Vis absorptions red-shift and emission intensities decrease, except for compound Pd2 L2 L'2 , which stands out with an exceptional photoluminescence quantum yield of 51 %. This is extraordinary for open-shell metal containing assemblies and explainable by an intra-assembly FRET process. The modular design and synthesis of soluble multi-chromophore building blocks offers the potential for the preparation of nanodevices and materials with applications in sensing, photo-redox catalysis and optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Regeni
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
- Current address: Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden University2333CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Kai Terlinden
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Shinnosuke Horiuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
- Current address: Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and SciencesThe University of Tokyo3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-kuTokyoJapan
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Sascha Feldmann
- Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB30HEUK
- Current address: Rowland InstituteHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
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5
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Cao Z, Tolba SA, Li Z, Mason GT, Wang Y, Do C, Rondeau-Gagné S, Xia W, Gu X. Molecular Structure and Conformational Design of Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers to Enable Predictable Optoelectronic Property. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302178. [PMID: 37318244 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the optoelectronic properties of donor-acceptor conjugated polymers (D-A CPs) is of great importance in designing various organic optoelectronic devices. However, there remains a critical challenge in precise control of bandgap through synthetic approach, since the chain conformation also affects molecular orbital energy levels. Here, D-A CPs with different acceptor units are explored that show an opposite trend in energy band gaps with the increasing length of oligothiophene donor units. By investigating their chain conformation and molecular orbital energy, it is found that the molecular orbital energy alignment between donor and acceptor units plays a crucial role in dictating the final optical bandgap of D-A CPs. For polymers with staggered orbital energy alignment, the higher HOMO with increasing oligothiophene length leads to a narrowing of the optical bandgap despite decreased chain rigidity. On the other hand, for polymers with sandwiched orbital energy alignment, the increased band gap with increasing oligothiophene length originates from the reduction of bandwidth due to more localized charge density distribution. Thus, this work provides a molecular understanding of the role of backbone building blocks on the chain conformation and bandgaps of D-A CPs for organic optoelectronic devices through the conformation design and segment orbital energy alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Cao
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Sara A Tolba
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Zhaofan Li
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Gage T Mason
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B3P4, Canada
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Changwoo Do
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B3P4, Canada
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
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6
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Bo Y, Hou P, Wan J, Cao H, Liu Y, Xie L, Guldi DM. One-Pot Synthesis and Excited-State Dynamics of Null Exciton-Coupled Diketopyrrolopyrroles Oligo-Grids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302664. [PMID: 37289569 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exciton coupling in molecular aggregates plays a vital role in impacting and fine-tuning optoelectronic materials and their efficiencies in devices. A versatile platform to decipher aggregation-property relationships is built around multichromophoric architectures. Here, a series of cyclic diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) oligomers featuring nanoscale gridarene structures and rigid bifluorenyl spacers are designed and synthesized via one-pot Friedel-Crafts reaction. DPP dimer [2]Grid and trimer [3]Grid, which are cyclic rigid nanoarchitectures of rather different sizes, are further characterized via steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. They exhibit monomer-like spectroscopic signatures in the steady-state measurements, from which null exciton couplings are derived. Moreover, in an apolar solvent, high fluorescence quantum yields and excited-state dynamics that resembled DPP monomer are gathered. In a polar solvent, the localized singlet excited state on a single DPP dissociates into the adjacent null coupling DPP with charge transfer characteristics. This pathway facilitates the evolution of the symmetry-broken charge-separated state (SB-CS). Notable is the fact that the SB-CS of [2]Grid is, on one hand, in equilibrium with the singlet excited state and promotes, on the other hand, the formation of the triplet excited state with a yield of 32% via charge recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Bo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pengfei Hou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongtao Cao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuyu Liu
- College of Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, 1 Yangshan North Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Jin R, Zhang X, Xin J, Xiao W. Molecular design of D-π-A-π-D small molecule donor materials with narrow energy gap for organic solar cells applications. J Mol Model 2023; 29:273. [PMID: 37542668 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Developing novel materials present a great challenge to improve the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this paper, we designed a series of the donor-π bridge-acceptor-π bridge-donor (D-π-A-π-D) structure molecules. These molecules consist of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) moiety as core, 9-hexyl-carbazole moiety as terminal groups, and different planar electron-rich aromatic groups as π-bridges. The density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) computations showed that the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energy levels, energy gaps, electron-driving forces (ΔEL-L), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), reorganization energy (λ), exciton binding energy (Eb), and absorption spectra of the designed molecules can be effectively adjusted by the introduction of different π-bridges. The designed molecules have narrow energy gap and strong absorption spectra, which are beneficial for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. In addition, the designed molecules possess large ΔEL-L, large Voc, and FF values and low Eb when the typical fullerene derivatives are used as acceptors. The FMO energy levels of the designed molecules can provide match well with the typical fullerene acceptors PC61BM, bisPC61BM, and PC71BM. Our results suggest that the designed molecules are expected to be promising donor materials for OSCs. METHODS All DFT and TD-DFT calculations were carried out using the Gaussian 09 code. The computational technique chosen was the hybrid functional B3LYP and the 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The benzene and chloroform solvent effects have been considered using the polarized continuum model (PCM) at the TD-DFT level. The simulated absorption spectra of designed molecules were plotted by using the GaussSum 1.0 program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifa Jin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China.
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China.
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China
| | - Jingfan Xin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China
| | - Wenmin Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China
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8
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Anderson CL, Zhang T, Qi M, Chen Z, Yang C, Teat SJ, Settineri NS, Dailing EA, Garzón-Ruiz A, Navarro A, Lv Y, Liu Y. Exceptional Electron-Rich Heteroaromatic Pentacycle for Ultralow Band Gap Conjugated Polymers and Photothermal Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5474-5485. [PMID: 36812073 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Stable redox-active conjugated molecules with exceptional electron-donating abilities are key components for the design and synthesis of ultralow band gap conjugated polymers. While hallmark electron-rich examples such as pentacene derivatives have been thoroughly explored, their poor air stability has hampered their broad incorporation into conjugated polymers for practical applications. Herein, we describe the synthesis of the electron-rich, fused pentacyclic pyrazino[2,3-b:5,6-b']diindolizine (PDIz) motif and detail its optical and redox behavior. The PDIz ring system exhibits a lower oxidation potential and a reduced optical band gap than the isoelectronic pentacene while retaining greater air stability in both solution and the solid state. The enhanced stability and electron density, together with readily installed solubilizing groups and polymerization handles, allow for the use of the PDIz motif in the synthesis of a series of conjugated polymers with band gaps as small as 0.71 eV. The tunable absorbance throughout the biologically relevant near-infrared I and II regions enables the use of these PDIz-based polymers as efficient photothermal therapeutic reagents for laser ablation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Anderson
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Miao Qi
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ziman Chen
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chongqing Yang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nicholas S Settineri
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eric A Dailing
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrés Garzón-Ruiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cronista Francisco Ballesteros Gómez, Albacete 02071, Spain
| | - Amparo Navarro
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén 23071, Spain
| | - Yongqin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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9
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Shin YK, Shin Y, Lee JW, Seo MH. Micro-/Nano-Structured Biodegradable Pressure Sensors for Biomedical Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:952. [PMID: 36354461 PMCID: PMC9687959 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The interest in biodegradable pressure sensors in the biomedical field is growing because of their temporary existence in wearable and implantable applications without any biocompatibility issues. In contrast to the limited sensing performance and biocompatibility of initially developed biodegradable pressure sensors, device performances and functionalities have drastically improved owing to the recent developments in micro-/nano-technologies including device structures and materials. Thus, there is greater possibility of their use in diagnosis and healthcare applications. This review article summarizes the recent advances in micro-/nano-structured biodegradable pressure sensor devices. In particular, we focus on the considerable improvement in performance and functionality at the device-level that has been achieved by adapting the geometrical design parameters in the micro- and nano-meter range. First, the material choices and sensing mechanisms available for fabricating micro-/nano-structured biodegradable pressure sensor devices are discussed. Then, this is followed by a historical development in the biodegradable pressure sensors. In particular, we highlight not only the fabrication methods and performances of the sensor device, but also their biocompatibility. Finally, we intoduce the recent examples of the micro/nano-structured biodegradable pressure sensor for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Kyum Shin
- Department of Information Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Yujin Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Seo
- Department of Information Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
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10
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do Casal MT, Toldo JM, Plasser F, Barbatti M. Using diketopyrrolopyrroles to stabilize double excitation and control internal conversion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23279-23288. [PMID: 36164816 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03533b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) is a pivotal functional group to tune the physicochemical properties of novel organic photoelectronic materials. Among multiple uses, DPP-thiophene derivatives forming a dimer through a vinyl linker were recently shown to quench the fluorescence observed in their isolated monomers. Here, we explain this fluorescence quenching using computational chemistry. The DPP-thiophene dimer has a low-lying doubly excited state that is not energetically accessible for the monomer. This state delays the fluorescence allowing internal conversion to occur first. We characterize the doubly excited state wavefunction by systematically changing the derivatives to tune the π-scaffold size and the acceptor and donor characters. The origin of this state's stabilization is related to the increase in the π-system and not to the charge-transfer features. This analysis delivers core conceptual information on the electronic properties of organic chromophores arranged symmetrically around a vinyl linker, opening new ways to control the balance between luminescence and internal conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mario Barbatti
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, 75231, Paris, France
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11
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Computational modeling for the design of new fluorescent organic compounds based on both diketopyrrolopyrrole and nitrobenzofurazan moieties. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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12
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Zhang D, Liang D, Gu L, Zhang H. Pyrrolopyrrole-Based Aza-BODIPY Small Molecules for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Front Chem 2022; 10:938353. [PMID: 35832464 PMCID: PMC9271750 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.938353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), due to its good planarity, π-conjugate structure, thermal stability, and structural modifiability, has received much attention from the scientific community as an excellent semiconductor material for its applications in the field of optoelectronics, such as organic solar cells, organic photovoltaics, and organic field effect transistors. In this study, a new small molecule, pyrrolopyrrole aza-BODIPY (PPAB), based on the thiophene-substituted DPP structure was developed using the Schiff-base formation reaction of DPP and heteroaromatic amines. Absorption spectroscopy, electrochemistry, X-ray diffraction, molecular theoretical simulation calculation were performed, and organic field-effect transistor properties based on PPAB were investigated. It was found that PPAB exhibits a broad absorption range in the visible and near-infrared regions, which is attributed to its long-range conjugate structure. In addition, it is worth noting that PPAB has multiple F atoms resulting in the low LUMO level, which is conducive to the injection and transportation of charge carriers between the semiconductor layer and the electrode. Meanwhile, its hole carrier mobility is up to 1.3 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 due to its large conjugate structure, good intramolecular charge transfer effect, and high degree of coplanarity. In this study, a new chromophore with electron-deficient ability for designing high-performance semiconductors was successfully synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohai Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering of Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Daohai Zhang, ; Haichang Zhang,
| | - Dongxu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Haichang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Daohai Zhang, ; Haichang Zhang,
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Wagalgave SM, Al Kobaisi M, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV. Donor-acceptor-donor π-conjugated material derived from merocyanine-diketopyrrolopyrrole: design, synthesis and photovoltaic applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Giri D, Raut SK, Behera CK, Patra SK. Diketopyrrollopyrrole anchored carbazole-alt-thiophene based Fe3+-coordinated metallopolymer for the selective recognition of ATP. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Gauci V, Seddon A, Adams DJ. Synthesis and characterisation of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based hydrogels. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3756-3761. [PMID: 35506734 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based materials can be easily tuned by functionalising with groups that extend the conjugation and thus alter the electronic properties. When attaching thiophenes to give dithiophene-diketopyrrolopyrroles (DTDPPs), a donor-acceptor-donor system is created that is suitable for charge-transfer applications. This core also promotes π-stacking and hydrophobic interactions. Here, we describe a number of DTDPPs functionalised with amino acids that undergo pH-trigerred gelation. We show that the optical properties of our DTDPPs are affected by whether the amino acids have aromatic or aliphatic side chains. We also describe the effect of solvent polarity. We have successfully produced hydrogels via a pH trigger with examples containing phenylalanine (F), valine (V), leucine (L) and alanine (A) amino acids. Viscosity and small angle X-ray scattering measurements show the presence of micellar structures in solution in water at pH 10.5, with gelation starting at a pH less than 7 due to the formation of a fibrous network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gauci
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Annela Seddon
- School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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16
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Kamioka M, Wang Y, Mori S, Furuta H, Shimizu S. Highly Fluorescent σ‐Bonded Platinum(II) Diketopyrrolopyrrole Complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Kamioka
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineeing Fukuoka JAPAN
| | - Yitong Wang
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Fukuoka JAPAN
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Ehime Daigaku Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES) Matsuyama JAPAN
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Fukuoka JAPAN
| | - Soji Shimizu
- Kyushu University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku 819-0395 Fukuoka JAPAN
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Cheon HJ, An TK, Kim YH. Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Polymers and Their Organic Field-Effect Transistor Applications: A Review. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Manian A, Shaw RA, Lyskov I, Russo SP. Exciton Dynamics of a Diketo-Pyrrolopyrrole Core for All Low-Lying Electronic Excited States Using Density Functional Theory-Based Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:1838-1848. [PMID: 35196857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio treatments of interexcited state internal conversion (IC) are more often than not missing from exciton dynamic descriptions, because of their inherent complexity. Here, we define "interexcited state IC" as a same-spin nonradiative transition between states i and j, where i ≠ j ≠ 0. Competing directly with multiexciton processes such as singlet fission or triplet photoupconversion, inclusion of this mechanism in the narrative of molecular photophysics would allow for strategic synthesis of chromophores for more efficient photon-harvesting applications. Herein, we present a robust formalism which can model these rates using density functional theory (DFT)-based methods within the Franck-Condon and Herzberg-Teller regime. Using an unsubstituted diketo-pyrrolopyrrole (DPP) core as a case study, we illustrate the exciton dynamics along the first four excited states for both singlet and triplet manifolds, showing ultrafast same-spin transfer mechanisms due to all excited states, excluding the first triplet level, being in close energetic proximity (within 0.8 eV of each other). The resulting electron same-spin rates outcompete the electron spin-flipping intersystem crossing (ISC) rates, with excitons firmly obeying Kasha's rule as they cascade down from the high-lying excited states toward the lower states. Furthermore, we calculated that only the first singlet excited state displayed a reasonable probability of triplet exciton generation, of ∼40%, with a near-zero chance of the exciton reverting to the singlet manifold once the electron-hole pair are of parallel spin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjay Manian
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Robert A Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Lyskov
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Salvy P Russo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
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Roh DH, Park JH, Han HG, Kim YJ, Motoyoshi D, Hwang E, Kim WH, Mapley JI, Gordon KC, Mori S, Kwon OH, Kwon TH. Molecular design strategy for realizing vectorial electron transfer in photoelectrodes. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Luo Y, Yang L, Zhang J. Photoelectrochemical Polymerization for Solid-State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100762. [PMID: 34964994 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dye sensitized solar cells represent promising alternative photovoltaic (PV) technologies with the advantages of low material cost, ease of production and high performance for indoor applications. Solid state DSCs (ssDSCs) have been developed to greatly diminish the problems of electrolyte leakage and electrode corrosion. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCEs) of ssDSCs generally was much lower than traditional liquid DSCs, resulting in low conductivity and poor pore infiltration of solid HTMs in mesoporous structures. To overcome these problems, in-situ photoelectrochemical polymerization (PEP) approach is developed to synthesize polymer HTMs in the porous electrodes, enabling enhancement of pore infiltration fraction and conductivity. The PEP method offers great opportunities for engineering the HTM interfaces, tuning the charge dynamics and improving the photovoltaic performance of ssDSCs. Here we aim to present a coherent review of the recent development of material engineering and interfacial optimization for ssDSCs. We also summarize the recent advances in the PEP, with special emphasis on how the influencing factors control the PEP kinetics, the polymer properties as well as the device performance. This review provides a deep understanding of the mechanism of photopolymerization across different conditions, which serves as a guidebook for further optimization of the PEP process for ssDSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Luo
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jinbao Zhang
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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22
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23
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He L, Guo Y, Kloo L. The dynamics of light-induced interfacial charge transfer of different dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells studied by ab initio molecular dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:27171-27184. [PMID: 34635889 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02412d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The charge-transport dynamics at the dye-TiO2 interface plays a vital role for the resulting power conversion efficiency (PCE) of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this work, we have investigated the charge-exchange dynamics for a series of organic dyes, of different complexity, and a small model of the semiconductor substrate TiO2. The dyes studied involve L1, D35 and LEG4, all well-known organic dyes commonly used in DSSCs. The computational studies have been based on ab initio molecular dynamics (aiMD) simulations, from which structural snapshots have been collected. Estimates of the charge-transfer rate constants of the central exchange processes in the systems have been computed. All dyes show similar properties, and differences are mainly of quantitative character. The processes studied were the electron injection from the photoexcited dye, the hole transfer from TiO2 to the dye and the recombination loss from TiO2 to the dye. It is notable that the electronic coupling/transfer rates differ significantly between the snapshot configurations harvested from the aiMD simulations. The differences are significant and indicate that a single geometrically optimized conformation normally obtained from static quantum-chemistry calculations may provide arbitrary results. Both protonated and deprotonated dye systems were studied. The differences mainly appear in the rate constant of recombination loss between the protonated and the deprotonated dyes, where recombination losses take place at significantly higher rates. The inclusion of lithium ions close to the deprotonated dye carboxylate anchoring group mitigates recombination in a similar way as when protons are retained at the carboxylate group. This may give insight into the performance-enchancing effects of added salts of polarizing cations to the DSSC electrolyte. In addition, solvent effects can retard charge recombination by about two orders of magnitude, which demonstrates that the presence of a solvent will increase the lifetime of injected electrons and thus contribute to a higher PCE of DSSCs. It is also notable that no simple correlation can be identified between high/low transfer rate constants and specific structural arrangements in terms of atom-atom distances, angles or dihedral arrangements of dye sub-units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan He
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden.
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden.
| | - Lars Kloo
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden.
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24
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Manian A, Shaw RA, Lyskov I, Wong W, Russo SP. Modeling radiative and non-radiative pathways at both the Franck-Condon and Herzberg-Teller approximation level. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:054108. [PMID: 34364347 DOI: 10.1063/5.0058643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a concise model that can predict the photoluminescent properties of a given compound from first principles, both within and beyond the Franck-Condon approximation. The formalism required to compute fluorescence, Internal Conversion (IC), and Inter-System Crossing (ISC) is discussed. The IC mechanism, in particular, is a difficult pathway to compute due to difficulties associated with the computation of required bosonic configurations and non-adiabatic coupling elements. Here, we offer a discussion and breakdown on how to model these pathways at the Density Functional Theory (DFT) level with respect to its computational implementation, strengths, and current limitations. The model is then used to compute the photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) of a number of small but important compounds: anthracene, tetracene, pentacene, diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole (DPP), and Perylene Diimide (PDI) within a polarizable continuum model. Rate constants for fluorescence, IC, and ISC compare well for the most part with respect to experiment, despite triplet energies being overestimated to a degree. The resulting PLQYs are promising with respect to the level of theory being DFT. While we obtained a positive result for PDI within the Franck-Condon limit, the other systems require a second order correction. Recomputing quantum yields with Herzberg-Teller terms yields PLQYs of 0.19, 0.08, 0.04, 0.70, and 0.99 for anthracene, tetracene, pentacene, DPP, and PDI, respectively. Based on these results, we are confident that the presented methodology is sound with respect to the level of quantum chemistry and presents an important stepping stone in the search for a tool to predict the properties of larger coupled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Manian
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT Univeristy, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - R A Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - I Lyskov
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT Univeristy, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - W Wong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - S P Russo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT Univeristy, Melbourne 3000, Australia
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25
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Shi Z, Wang X, Yin D, Li W, Liu D, Zhou X. High-Flux Continuous-Flow Synthesis of C.I. Pigment Yellow 12 from Clear Alkaline Solutions of the Coupling Component. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Defei Yin
- The First Scientific Research Institute of Wuxi, Wuxi 214035, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dongzhi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xueqin Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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26
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Pieczykolan M, Derr JB, Chrayteh A, Koszarna B, Clark JA, Vakuliuk O, Jacquemin D, Vullev VI, Gryko DT. The Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Weakly Coupled Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164744. [PMID: 34443329 PMCID: PMC8398321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Three centrosymmetric diketopyrrolopyrroles possessing either two 2-(2′-methoxyphenyl)benzothiazole or two 2-(2′-methoxyphenyl)benzoxazolo-thiophene scaffolds were synthesized in a straightforward manner, and their photophysical properties were investigated. Their emission was significantly bathochromically shifted as compared with that of simple DPPs reaching 650 nm. Judging from theoretical calculations performed with time-dependent density functional theory, in all three cases the excited state was localized on the DPP core and there was no significant CT character. Consequently, emission was almost independent of solvents’ polarity. DPPs possessing 2,5-thiophene units vicinal to DPP core play a role in electronic transitions, resulting in bathochromically shifted absorption and emission. Interestingly, as judged from transient absorption dynamics, intersystem crossing was responsible for the deactivation of the excited states of DPPs possessing para linkers but not in the case of dye bearing meta linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Pieczykolan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (B.K.); (O.V.)
| | - James B. Derr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Amara Chrayteh
- CEISAM Laboratory—UMR 6230, University of Nantes, CNTS, 44035 Nantes, France;
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (B.K.); (O.V.)
| | - John A. Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (B.K.); (O.V.)
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM Laboratory—UMR 6230, University of Nantes, CNTS, 44035 Nantes, France;
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (V.I.V.); (D.T.G.)
| | - Valentine I. Vullev
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (V.I.V.); (D.T.G.)
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (B.K.); (O.V.)
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (V.I.V.); (D.T.G.)
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27
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Wagalgave SM, Mendhe AC, Nadimetla DN, Al Kobaisi M, Sankapal BR, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV. Aggregation induced emission (AIE) materials based on diketopyrrolopyrrole chromophore for CdS nanowire solar cell applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Ishizaki T, Karasaki H, Kage Y, Kamioka M, Wang Y, Mori S, Ishikawa N, Fukuda T, Furuta H, Shimizu S. Janus Pyrrolopyrrole Aza-dipyrrin: Hydrogen-Bonded Assemblies and Slow Magnetic Relaxation of the Cobalt(II) Complex in the Solid State. Chemistry 2021; 27:12686-12692. [PMID: 34137468 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel pyrrolopyrrole azadipyrrin (Janus-PPAD) with Janus duality was synthesized by a Schiff base-forming reaction of diketopyrrolopyrrole. The orthogonal interactions of the hydrogen-bonding ketopyrrole and metal-coordinating azadipyrrin moieties in Janus-PPAD enabled the metal ions to be arranged at regular intervals: zinc(II) and cobalt(II) coordination provided metal-coordinated Janus-PPAD dimers, which can subsequently form hydrogen-bonded one-dimensional arrays both in solution and in the solid state. The supramolecular assembly of the zinc(II) complex in solution was investigated by 1 H NMR spectroscopy based on the isodesmic model, in which a binding constant for the elongation of assemblies is constant. Owing to the tetrahedral coordination, in the solid state, the cobalt(II) complex exhibited a slow magnetic relaxation due to the negative D value of -27.1 cm-1 with an effective relaxation energy barrier Ueff of 38.0 cm-1 . The effect of magnetic dilution on the relaxation behavior is discussed. The relaxation mechanism at low temperature was analyzed by considering spin lattice interactions and quantum tunneling effects. The easy-axis magnetic anisotropy was confirmed, and the relevant wave functions were obtained by ab initio CASSCF calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Ishizaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Current address: Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
| | - Hideaki Karasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuto Kage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Misaki Kamioka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yitong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Naoto Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Fukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Soji Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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29
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Shaik B, Khan M, Shaik MR, Sharaf MA, Sekou D, Lee SG. A-π-D-π-A-Based Small Molecules for OTFTs Containing Diketopyrrolopyrrole as Acceptor Units. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12070817. [PMID: 34357227 PMCID: PMC8304449 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A-π-D-π-A-based small molecules 6,6′-((thiophene-2,5-diylbis(ethyne-2,1-diyl))bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione) (TDPP-T) and 6,6′-(((2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine-5,7-diyl)bis(ethyne-2,1-diyl))bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione) (TDPP-EDOT) have been designed and synthesized. The diketopyrrolopyrrole acts as an electron acceptor, while the thiophene or 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene acts as an electron donor. The donor–acceptor groups are connected by an ethynyl bridge to further enhance the conjugation. The optoelectronics, electrochemical, and thermal properties have been investigated. Organic thin film transistor (OTFT) devices prepared from TDPP-T and TDPP-EDOT have shown p-type mobility. In as cast films, TDPP-T and TDPP-EDOT have shown a hole mobility of 5.44 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 4.13 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The increase in the mobility of TDPP-T and TDPP-EDOT OTFT devices was observed after annealing at 150 °C, after which the mobilities were 3.11 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 2.63 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baji Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Graduate School for Molecular Materials and Nanochemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea;
| | - Mujeeb Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.R.S.); (S.-G.L.); Tel.: +966-11-4670439 (M.R.S.)
| | - Mohammed A.F. Sharaf
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Doumbia Sekou
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sang-Gyeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Graduate School for Molecular Materials and Nanochemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.R.S.); (S.-G.L.); Tel.: +966-11-4670439 (M.R.S.)
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30
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Papadopoulos I, Menon A, Plass F, Molina D, Harreiß C, Kahnt A, Spiecker E, Sastre-Santos Á, Guldi DM. Efficient charge-transfer from diketopyrrolopyrroles to single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:11544-11551. [PMID: 34184025 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03105h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, the excited state charge-transfer interactions between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and a variety of phenyl, 4-bromophenyl, and thiophene substituted diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs), is described. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and aberration corrected high resolution transmission electron microscopy (AC-HRTEM) corroborated the successful formation of DPP/SWCNTs. Steady-state absorption, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopies all gave insights into the impact on their ground and excited states as well as on the nature of their electronic communication/interaction. Of great value was time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy on the femto- and nanosecond time-scales; it assisted in deciphering the charge-transfer mechanism from the DPPs to the SWCNT and in analyzing the dynamics thereof with transfer efficiencies of up to 81%. Important confirmation for the one-electron oxidized DPPs came from pulse radiolysis assays with focus on establishing their spectral fingerprints. Our full-fledged work demonstrates that the successful preparation of stable DPP/SWCNTs represents an important step towards establishing them as a viable alternative to porphyrin-based systems in emerging applications such as solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Arjun Menon
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Plass
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. and Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Desiré Molina
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03203 Elche, Spain.
| | - Christina Harreiß
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM) and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM) and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03203 Elche, Spain.
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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31
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Redox-active ligands: Recent advances towards their incorporation into coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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32
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Li M, Leenaers PJ, Li J, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. Polymorphism of a semi-crystalline diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene polymer. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021; 59:1285-1292. [PMID: 34223180 PMCID: PMC8246555 DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Few semiconducting polymers are known that possess more than one semi-crystalline structure. Guidelines for rationalizing or creating polymorphism in these materials do not exist. Two different semi-crystalline polymorphs, β 1 and β 2, and an amorphous α phase have recently been identified for alternating diketopyrrolopyrrole-quaterthiophene copolymers (PDPP4T). The polymorphs differ structurally by the π-π stacking distance, and electronically by the optical bandgap and charge carrier mobility. Here we investigate the corresponding terthiophene (PDPP3T) derivatives, to study the effect of the relative orientation of adjacent DPP units on the polymorphism. In PDPP3T, the relative orientation of DPP units alternates along the chain, while in PDPP4T it is constant. We show that the two polymorphs, β 1 and β 2, can also be generated for a PDPP3T polymer in solution and thin film. Interestingly, compared to PDPP4T, more solvents can induce the two distinct semi-crystalline polymorphs for PDPP3T via a β 1 → α → β 2 polymorphic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of MicroelectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Dutch Institute For Fundamental Energy ResearchEindhovenThe Netherlands
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Pieter J. Leenaers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Junyu Li
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Dutch Institute For Fundamental Energy ResearchEindhovenThe Netherlands
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33
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Zou X, Cui S, Li J, Wei X, Zheng M. Diketopyrrolopyrrole Based Organic Semiconductor Materials for Field-Effect Transistors. Front Chem 2021; 9:671294. [PMID: 33937206 PMCID: PMC8080442 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.671294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, organic conjugated materials as semiconductors in organic field effect transistors (OFETs) have attracted more and more attention from the scientific community due to their intriguing properties of mechanical flexibility and solution processability. However, the device fabrication technique, design, and synthesis of novel organic semiconductor materials with high charge carrier mobility is crucial for the development of high-performance OFETs. In the past few years, more and more novel materials were designed and tested in the OFETs. Among which, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and its derivatives, as the electron acceptors to build donor-acceptor (D-A) typed materials, are the perspective. In this article, recently reported molecules regarding the DPP and its derivatives for OFETs application are reviewed. In addition, the relationship between the chemical structures and the performance of the device are discussed. Furthermore, an outlook of DPP-based materials in OFETs with a future design concept and the development trend are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, China
| | - Shuaiwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Junqiang Li
- Qingdao Haiwan Science and Technology Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Xueling Wei
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Haiwan Science and Technology Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
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34
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Seo T, Toyoshima N, Kubota K, Ito H. Tackling Solubility Issues in Organic Synthesis: Solid-State Cross-Coupling of Insoluble Aryl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6165-6175. [PMID: 33784464 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional organic synthesis generally relies on the use of liquid organic solvents to dissolve the reactants. Therefore, reactions of sparingly soluble or insoluble substrates are challenging and often ineffective. The development of a solvent-independent solid-state approach that overcomes this longstanding solubility issue would provide innovative synthetic solutions and access to new areas of chemical space. Here, we report extremely fast and highly efficient solid-state palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions via a high-temperature ball-milling technique. This solid-state protocol enables the highly efficient cross-couplings of insoluble aryl halides with large polyaromatic structures that are barely reactive under conventional solution-based conditions. Notably, we discovered a new luminescent organic material with a strong red emission. This material was prepared via the solid-state coupling of Pigment violet 23, a compound that has so far not been involved in molecular transformations due to its extremely low solubility. This study thus provides a practical method for accessing unexplored areas of chemical space through molecular transformations of insoluble organic compounds that cannot be carried out by any other approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamae Seo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Naoki Toyoshima
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Koji Kubota
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
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35
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Kitisriworaphan W, Chawanpunyawat T, Manyum T, Chasing P, Namuangruk S, Sudyoadsuk T, Promarak V. The improvement in hole-transporting and electroluminescent properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole pigment by grafting with carbazole dendrons. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12710-12719. [PMID: 35423806 PMCID: PMC8696974 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00805f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) pigments are essential and have been intensively exploited as building-blocks for the synthesis of organic semiconducting polymers and small molecules; however, DPP derivatives as emissive materials for electroluminescent (EL) devices have rarely been explored. In this work, a series of new DPP derivatives grafted with carbazole dendrons in a non-conjugated fashion using an amide linkage was designed to improve the performance of DPP in EL devices. Three DPP derivatives (G0DPP, G1DPP and G2DPP) bearing di(p-chlorophenyl)-DPP (Pigment Red 254) as the core substituted with a hexyl chain, N-hexyl carbazole and N-hexyl-N'-9,3':6',N''-tercarbazole, respectively, were synthesized to afford improved hole-transporting properties without affecting the photophysical and electronic properties of the DPP core. The synthesized DPP derivatives displayed an intense yellow fluorescence emission peaked at 536 nm with an absolute photoluminescence quantum yield close to unity in solution. The hole-transporting capability of molecules was improved when carbazole dendrons were incorporated, which increased with an increase in the generation of substituent carbazole dendrons in the order of G0DPP < G1DPP < G2DPP. Significantly, the use of G2DPP, showing the highest hole mobility, in an EL device yielded a strong and stable yellow emission peaked at 556 nm (CIE x, y color coordinates of (0.45, 0.53)) with a brightness of 3060 cd m-2, maximum luminous efficiency of 9.24 cd A-1 and a maximum EQE of 3.11%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipaporn Kitisriworaphan
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology Muang District Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
| | - Thanyarat Chawanpunyawat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Manyum
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology Muang District Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Chasing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Supawadee Namuangruk
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Taweesak Sudyoadsuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Vinich Promarak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
- Research Network of NANOTEC-VISTEC on Nanotechnology for Energy, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
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36
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Xu Z, Hou S, Zhu Z, Zhou P, Xue L, Lin H, Zhou J, Zhuo S. Functional thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymer derivatives as organic anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2673-2684. [PMID: 33496704 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06733d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole-based (TDPP-based) polymer derivatives modified by different groups and alkyl chains were synthesized. The effects of various functional groups on the electrochemical properties of the polymers for application in lithium-ion batteries were compared, where the carbazole (C) and tert-butyl acetate (TA) groups improved the capacity performance of the polymer electrodes, while hexane (H) and fluorene (F) groups enhanced the cycle stability of the polymer electrodes. The P(C-TDPP-TA) polymer electrode, i.e., the TDPP-based polymer composed of carbazole and tert-butyl acetate groups, exhibited the best capacity performance among the four polymer electrodes, where its discharge specific capacity and capacity retention were up to 357 mA h g-1 and 82% and its energy density and power density were 213 W h kg-1 and 149 W kg-1 at 100 mA g-1 after 500 cycles, respectively. The P(F-TDPP-H) polymer electrode, i.e., the TDPP-based polymer composed of fluorene and hexane groups, possessed the best cycle stability and conductivity, where its capacity retention was up to 92% at 100 mA g-1 for 500 cycles and its electronic conductivity and ionic conductivity were 4.80 × 10-3 and 6.68 × 10-3 S m-1, respectively. For application in lithium-ion batteries, the P(C-TDPP-TA) electrode exhibited the best comprehensive performance. When the current density reached up to 1000 mA g-1, after 1000 cycles, the P(C-TDPP-TA) electrode still exhibited a high discharge specific capacity (203.6 mA h g-1) and excellent capacity retention (88.8%), and its energy density and power density were 116 W h kg-1 and 376 W kg-1 (1000 mA g-1, after 1000 cycles), respectively. Therefore, the P(C-TDPP-TA) electrode has potential as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China.
| | - Shengxian Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiyou Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China.
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China.
| | - Li Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China.
| | - Hongtao Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China.
| | - Shuping Zhuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China.
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37
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Charge separation and singlet fission in covalently linked diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives and triphenylamine triad in solution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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38
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Audebert P, Kroke E, Posern C, Lee SH. State of the Art in the Preparation and Properties of Molecular Monomeric s-Heptazines: Syntheses, Characteristics, and Functional Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2515-2544. [PMID: 33449621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an account on the fast expanding field of monomeric (or molecular) heptazines, at the exclusion of their various polymeric forms, often referred to as carbon nitrides. While examples of monomeric heptazines were extremely limited until the beginning of this century, the field has started expanding quickly since then, as has the number of reports on polymeric materials, though previous reviews did not separate these fields. We provide here a detailed report on the synthetic procedures for molecular heptazines. We also extensively report on the different achievements realized from these new molecules, in the fields of physical chemistry, spectroscopy, materials preparation, (photo)catalysis, and devices. After a comprehensive summary and discussion on heptazines syntheses and characteristics, we show that starting from well-defined molecules allows a versatility of approaches and a wide tunability of the expected properties. It comes out that the field of monomeric heptazines is now emerging and possibly heading toward maturity, while diverging from the one of polymeric carbon nitrides. It is likely that this area of research will quickly surge to the forefront of the search for active organic molecules, with special attention to the domains of catalysis and organic-based functional materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Audebert
- PPSM, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8531, 61, Avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan cedex, France.,XLIM Institute, CNRSUMR 7252, 123 Av Albert Thomas, Limoges 87000, France
| | - Edwin Kroke
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Christian Posern
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- PPSM, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8531, 61, Avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan cedex, France
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39
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Rout Y, Misra R. Design and synthesis of 1,8-naphthalimide functionalized benzothiadiazoles. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00919b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Push-pull derivatives BTD2–BTD5 were designed and synthesized via Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction followed by [2+2] cycloaddition–electrocyclic ring-opening reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogajivan Rout
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Indore 453552
- India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Indore 453552
- India
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40
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YAMAZAKI N, NOMURA Y, MORIKAWA D. Analysis of the Effect of Benzothiadiazole as an Auxiliary Substituent on Triphenylamine Donor Based Organic Dyes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER CHEMISTRY-JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.2477/jccj.2021-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto YAMAZAKI
- Shinshu University (〒386-8567 Nagano prefecture Ueda city Tokida 3-15-1
| | - Yasushi NOMURA
- Shinshu University (〒386-8567 Nagano prefecture Ueda city Tokida 3-15-1
| | - Dai MORIKAWA
- Shinshu University (〒386-8567 Nagano prefecture Ueda city Tokida 3-15-1
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41
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Li M, Xiao M, Li Z. Adjusting the photovoltaic performance of big fused ring-based small molecules by tailoring with different modifications. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39625-39635. [PMID: 35494134 PMCID: PMC9044804 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08239f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three novel A–D–A type small-molecule donor materials, namely AAN-DPP2, AAN(T-DPP)2 and AANT(T-DPP)2, with anthanthrene (AAN) as the electron-donating core, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as the electron-accepting moiety, and thiophene as π-bridge units, have been designed and synthesized for application in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs). Compared to AAN-DPP2, devices based on AAN(T-DPP)2 and AANT(T-DPP)2 show better photovoltaic performance due to broader absorption and better planarity of the molecular backbone. A maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.33% with a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 6.82 mA cm−2 and a fill factor (FF) of 39.80 was obtained in the AAN(T-DPP)2/PC71BM-based solar cells. This is resulting from the suitable thickness of the active layer, improving the ability of catching light and decreasing the twist angle of the backbone by inserting a thiophene spacer. The results indicate that strategic substitution of π-bridges and side-chains in A–D–A type SMs is an efficient strategy to improve photovoltaic performance. Three novel A–D–A type small-molecule donor materials, with anthanthrene (AAN) as the electron-donating core, and thiophene as π-bridge units, have been designed and synthesized for application in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Manjun Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in the Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Zuojia Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
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42
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Lu XJ, Zhang CR, Gong JJ, Wang W, Liu ZJ, Wu YZ, Chen HS. Optoelectronic properties of diathiafulvalene-functionalized diketopyrrolopyrrole-fullerene molecular dyad. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 242:118767. [PMID: 32781404 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single component molecular dyad donor-acceptor junction is an important type of organic solar cells. Understanding the optoelectronic properties of molecular dyad plays the critical role to develop active layer materials for such kind of solar cells. Here, diathiafulvalene-functionalized diketopyrrolopyrrole-fullerene (DFDPP-Ful) was selected as the representative system, and the geometries, electronic structures and excitation properties of DFDPP-Ful monomer and dimer were systematically investigated based on extensive quantum chemistry calculations. The transition configurations and molecular orbitals show that the effective electron donor and acceptor are DFDPP and fullerene moieties, respectively. It also found the light harvesting is dominated by local excitation in DFDPP moiety. Meanwhile, the hybridization and quasi-degeneration between charge transfer (CT) and local excitation exist. The dimer data suggest that the increased excited states contribute to the expanding of absorption spectra, and the excitations exhibit both the intermolecular and intra-molecular CTs. Also, the remarkable CT energy differences among the different dimer models for the lowest CT excited states support the strong interface and energy disorder in such system. Therefore, the suggestions for developing molecular dyad of single component organic solar cells would be the combination of increasing light absorption, enhancing CT and local excitation hybridization, as well as suppressing energy and interface disorder by the aid of molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Lu
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Cai-Rong Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - Ji-Jun Gong
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Liu
- Department of Physics, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - You-Zhi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Hong-Shan Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
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43
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Huang JF, Lei Y, Luo T, Liu JM. Photocatalytic H 2 Production from Water by Metal-free Dye-sensitized TiO 2 Semiconductors: The Role and Development Process of Organic Sensitizers. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5863-5895. [PMID: 32897637 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of solar energy to produce hydrogen from water is showing increased importance and desirability in the field of artificial photosynthesis to produce clean and sustainable fuels. In a typical three-component dye-sensitized semiconductor system for photocatalysis, the dye sensitizer plays an essential role of energy antenna for harvesting visible light and promoting the reduction reaction to generate hydrogen. In recent decades, a lot of attention has focused on metal-free organic sensitizers, which have the advantages of low cost, high molar extinction coefficient, good modifiability and, most importantly, ability to avoid the use of noble metal ions. This Review enumerates the design strategies, specific properties and photocatalytic performances of metal-free sensitizers in the past 30 years and concludes their evolution process. The advantages of different types of metal-free sensitizers are highlighted and the instructively enlightening experiences are systematic summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Teng Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Min Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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44
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Saes BW, Lutz M, Wienk MM, Meskers SCJ, Janssen RAJ. Tuning the Optical Characteristics of Diketopyrrolopyrrole Molecules in the Solid State by Alkyl Side Chains. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:25229-25238. [PMID: 33244323 PMCID: PMC7682139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c07334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of two sets of donor-acceptor-donor molecules with terminal bithiophene donor units and a central diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) acceptor unit are studied. The two sets differ in the alkyl chains on the DPP, which are either branched at the α-carbon (3-pentyl) (1-4) or linear (n-hexyl) (5-8). Within each set, the molecules differ by the absence or presence of n-hexyl chains on the terminal thiophene rings in the 3', 4', or 5' positions. While in solution, the optical spectra differ only subtly; they differ dramatically in the solid state. In contrast to 5-8, 1-4 are nonplanar as a consequence of the sterically demanding 3-pentyl groups, which inhibit π-stacking of the DPP units. Using the crystal structures of 2 (brick layer stacking) and 6 (slipped stacking), we quantitatively explain the solid state absorption spectra. By computing the molecular transition charge density and solving the dispersion relation, the optical absorption of the molecules in the crystal is predicted and in agreement with experiments. For 2, a single resonance frequency is obtained, while for 6 two transitions are seen, with the lower-energy transition being less intense. The results demonstrate how subtle changes in substitution exert large effects in optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart W.
H. Saes
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Utrecht
University, Crystal and Structural
Chemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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45
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Antón-García D, Warnan J, Reisner E. A diketopyrrolopyrrole dye-based dyad on a porous TiO 2 photoanode for solar-driven water oxidation. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12769-12776. [PMID: 34094472 PMCID: PMC8163027 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04509h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dye-sensitised photoanodes modified with a water oxidation catalyst allow for solar-driven O2 evolution in photoelectrochemical cells. However, organic chromophores are generally considered unsuitable to drive the thermodynamically demanding water oxidation reaction, mainly due to their lack of stability upon photoexcitation. Here, the synthesis of a dyad photocatalyst (DPP-Ru) consisting of a diketopyrrolopyrrole chromophore (DPPdye) and ruthenium-based water oxidation catalyst (RuWOC) is described. The DPP-Ru dyad features a cyanoacrylic acid anchoring group for immobilisation on metal oxides, strong absorption in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, and photoinduced hole transfer from the dye to the catalyst unit. Immobilisation of the dyad on a mesoporous TiO2 scaffold was optimised, including the use of a TiCl4 pretreatment method as well as employing chenodeoxycholic acid as a co-adsorbent, and the assembled dyad-sensitised photoanode achieved O2 evolution using visible light (100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G, λ > 420 nm). An initial photocurrent of 140 μA cm-2 was generated in aqueous electrolyte solution (pH 5.6) under an applied potential of +0.2 V vs. NHE. The production of O2 has been confirmed by controlled potential electrolysis with a faradaic efficiency of 44%. This study demonstrates that metal-free dyes are suitable light absorbers in dyadic systems for the assembly of water oxidising photoanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Antón-García
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Julien Warnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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46
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Bao WW, Li R, Dai ZC, Tang J, Shi X, Geng JT, Deng ZF, Hua J. Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Materials and Its Applications: A Review. Front Chem 2020; 8:679. [PMID: 33134242 PMCID: PMC7511705 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and its derivatives have been widely studied in the past few years due to its intrinsic physical and chemical properties, such as strong electron-withdrawing, deep color, high charge carrier mobility, strong aggregation, good thermal-/photo-stability. In the 1970s, DPP was developed and used only in inks, paints, and plastics. Later, DPP containing materials were found to have potential other applications, typically in electronic devices, which attracted the attention of scientists. In this feature article, the synthesis pathway of DPP-based materials and their applications in organic field-effect transistors, photovoltaic devices, sensors, two photo-absorption materials, and others are reviewed, and possible future applications are discussed. The review outlines a theoretical scaffold for the development of conjugated DPP-based materials, which have multiple potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei Bao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi Cheng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Shi
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Jie Ting Geng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi Feng Deng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Jing Hua
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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47
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Phenothiazine derivatives, diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymers: synthesis, optical and organic field effect transistor properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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48
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Skonieczny K, Papadopoulos I, Thiel D, Gutkowski K, Haines P, McCosker PM, Laurent AD, Keller PA, Clark T, Jacquemin D, Guldi DM, Gryko DT. How To Make Nitroaromatic Compounds Glow: Next-Generation Large X-Shaped, Centrosymmetric Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16104-16113. [PMID: 32492240 PMCID: PMC7689858 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Red‐emissive π‐expanded diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) with fluorescence reaching λ=750 nm can be easily synthesized by a three‐step strategy involving the preparation of diketopyrrolopyrrole followed by N‐arylation and subsequent intramolecular palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation. Comprehensive spectroscopic assays combined with first‐principles calculations corroborated that both N‐arylated and fused DPPs reach a locally excited (S1) state after excitation, followed by internal conversion to states with solvent and structural relaxation, before eventually undergoing intersystem crossing. Only the structurally relaxed state is fluorescent, with lifetimes in the range of several nanoseconds and tens of picoseconds in nonpolar and polar solvents, respectively. The lifetimes correlate with the fluorescence quantum yields, which range from 6 % to 88 % in nonpolar solvents and from 0.4 % and 3.2 % in polar solvents. A very inefficient (T1) population is responsible for fluorescence quantum yields as high as 88 % for the fully fused DPP in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Gutkowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick M McCosker
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.,School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Adèle D Laurent
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR, 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Paul A Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR, 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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49
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Skonieczny K, Papadopoulos I, Thiel D, Gutkowski K, Haines P, McCosker PM, Laurent AD, Keller PA, Clark T, Jacquemin D, Guldi DM, Gryko DT. How To Make Nitroaromatic Compounds Glow: Next‐Generation Large X‐Shaped, Centrosymmetric Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Patrick M. McCosker
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nägelsbachstrasse 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | | | - Paul A. Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nägelsbachstrasse 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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50
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Handoko SL, Jin HC, Whang DR, Kim JH, Chang DW. Effect of cyano substituent on photovoltaic properties of quinoxaline-based polymers. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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