1
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Sood K, Shanavas A. Autologous serum protein stabilized silver quantum clusters as host-specific antibacterial agents. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39056303 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2024.2374231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To synthesize host-specific serum protein stabilized silver quantum clusters and assess their preclinical safety as potential antibacterial agents. Materials & methods: Ag-QC-NanoSera (Ag-QCNS) were synthesized using bovine, human and murine sera. Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated against E. coli (including antibiotic-resistant strain), S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Biocompatibility, hemocompatibility and antibacterial mechanism were also investigated. Preclinical safety and biodistribution of autologous Ag-QCNS were assessed in BALB/c mice over 28 days. Results: Ag-QCNS showed high biocompatibility, hemocompatibility and high antibacterial activity at ∼12.72 μg/ml Ag equivalent. Intracellular ROS and bacterial membrane damage were confirmed as antibacterial mechanism. Ag-QCNS were established as preclinically safe. Conclusion: Ag-QCNS demonstrate potential as next-generation host-specific nanotheranostic antibacterial agents, enhancing the safety and efficacy while combating antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Sood
- Inorganic & Organic Nanomedicine (ION) Lab, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Asifkhan Shanavas
- Inorganic & Organic Nanomedicine (ION) Lab, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
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2
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Horita Y, Ishimi M, Negishi Y. Anion-templated silver nanoclusters: precise synthesis and geometric structure. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2203832. [PMID: 37251258 PMCID: PMC10215029 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2203832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) are gaining much attention in nanoscale materials research because they exhibit size-specific physicochemical properties that are not observed in the corresponding bulk metals. Among them, silver (Ag) NCs can be precisely synthesized not only as pure Ag NCs but also as anion-templated Ag NCs. For anion-templated Ag NCs, we can expect the following capabilities: 1) size and shape control by regulating the central anion (anion template); 2) stabilization by adjusting the charge interaction between the central anion and surrounding Ag atoms; and 3) functionalization by selecting the type of central anion. In this review, we summarize the synthesis methods and influences of the central anion on the geometric structure of anion-templated Ag NCs, which include halide ions, chalcogenide ions, oxoanions, polyoxometalate, or hydride/deuteride as the central anion. This summary provides a reference for the current state of anion-templated Ag NCs, which may promote the development of anion-templated Ag NCs with novel geometric structures and physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Horita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Mai Ishimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
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3
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Chen L, Klemeyer L, Ruan M, Liu X, Werner S, Xu W, Koeppen A, Bücker R, Gonzalez MG, Koziej D, Parak WJ, Chakraborty I. Structural Analysis and Intrinsic Enzyme Mimicking Activities of Ligand-Free PtAg Nanoalloys. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206772. [PMID: 36755199 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes are nanomaterials with biocatalytic properties under physiological conditions and are one class of artificial enzymes to overcome the high cost and low stability of natural enzymes. However, surface ligands on nanomaterials will decrease the catalytic activity of the nanozymes by blocking the active sites. To address this limitation, ligand-free PtAg nanoclusters (NCs) are synthesized and applied as nanozymes for various enzyme-mimicking reactions. By taking advantage of the mutual interaction of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) and Pt precursors, a good dispersion of PtAg bimetal NCs with a diameter of 1.78 ± 0.1 nm is achieved with ZIF-8 as a template. The incorporation of PtAgNCs in the voids of ZIF-8 is confirmed with structural analysis using the atomic pair-distribution function and powder X-ray diffraction. Importantly, the PtAgNCs present good catalytic activity for various enzyme-mimicking reactions, including peroxidase-/catalase- and oxidase-like reactions. Further, this work compares the catalytic activity between PtAg NCs and PtAg nanoparticles with different compositions and finds that these two nanozymes present a converse dependency of Ag-loading on their activity. This study contributes to the field of nanozymes and presents a potential option to prepare ligand-free bimetal biocatalysts with sizes in the nanocluster regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Chen
- Fachbereich Physik, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Klemeyer
- Fachbereich Physik, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mingbo Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Fachbereich Physik, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Werner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Weilin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Andrea Koeppen
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bücker
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Rigaku Europe SE, 63263, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | | | - Dorota Koziej
- Fachbereich Physik, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Indranath Chakraborty
- Fachbereich Physik, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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4
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Aparna A, Sreehari H, Chandran A, Anjali KP, Alex AM, Anuvinda P, Gouthami GB, Pillai NP, Parvathy N, Sadanandan S, Saritha A. Ligand-protected nanoclusters and their role in agriculture, sensing and allied applications. Talanta 2021; 239:123134. [PMID: 34922101 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nano biotechnology, when coupled with green chemistry, can revolutionize human life because of the vast opportunities and benefits it can offer to the quality of human life. Luminescent metal nanoclusters (NCs) have recently developed as a potential research area with applications in different areas like medical, imaging, sensing etc. Recently these new candidates have proved to be beneficial in the food supply chain enabling controlled release of nutrients, pesticides and as nanosensors for the detection of contaminants and play roles in healthy food storage and maintaining food quality. An assortment of nanomaterials has been employed for these applications and reviews have been published on the use of nanotechnology in agriculture. Ligand-protected metal nanoclusters are a distinctive class of small organic-inorganic nanostructures that garnered immense research interest in recent years owing to their stability at specific "magic size" compositions along with tunable properties that make them promising candidates for a wide range of nanotechnology-based applications. This review tries to consolidate the recent developments in the area of ligand-protected nanoclusters in connection with the detection of pesticides, food contaminants, heavy metal ions and plant growth monitoring for healthy agricultural practices. Its antimicrobial activity to manage the microbial contamination is highlighted. The review also throws light on the various perspectives by which food production and allied areas will be transformed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asok Aparna
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - H Sreehari
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - Amrutha Chandran
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - K P Anjali
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - Ansu Mary Alex
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - P Anuvinda
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - G B Gouthami
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - Neeraja P Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - N Parvathy
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - Sandhya Sadanandan
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - Appukuttan Saritha
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India.
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5
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Zeng Y, Havenridge S, Gharib M, Baksi A, Weerawardene KLDM, Ziefuß AR, Strelow C, Rehbock C, Mews A, Barcikowski S, Kappes MM, Parak WJ, Aikens CM, Chakraborty I. Impact of Ligands on Structural and Optical Properties of Ag 29 Nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9405-9414. [PMID: 34138547 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A ligand exchange strategy has been employed to understand the role of ligands on the structural and optical properties of atomically precise 29 atom silver nanoclusters (NCs). By ligand optimization, ∼44-fold quantum yield (QY) enhancement of Ag29(BDT)12-x(DHLA)x NCs (x = 1-6) was achieved, where BDT and DHLA refer to 1,3-benzene-dithiol and dihydrolipoic acid, respectively. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to monitor ligand exchange, and structures of the different NCs were obtained through density functional theory (DFT). The DFT results from Ag29(BDT)11(DHLA) NCs were further experimentally verified through collisional cross-section (CCS) analysis using ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM MS). An excellent match in predicted CCS values and optical properties with the respective experimental data led to a likely structure of Ag29(DHLA)12 NCs consisting of an icosahedral core with an Ag16S24 shell. Combining the experimental observation with DFT structural analysis of a series of atomically precise NCs, Ag29-yAuy(BDT)12-x(DHLA)x (where y, x = 0,0; 0,1; 0,12 and 1,12; respectively), it was found that while the metal core is responsible for the origin of photoluminescence (PL), ligands play vital roles in determining their resultant PLQY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zeng
- Department of Physics and Center for Hybrid Nanostructure (CHyN), University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shana Havenridge
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Mustafa Gharib
- Department of Physics and Center for Hybrid Nanostructure (CHyN), University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Radiation Biology Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Ananya Baksi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - K L Dimuthu M Weerawardene
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Anna Rosa Ziefuß
- Department of Technical Chemistry I, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Christian Strelow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Christoph Rehbock
- Department of Technical Chemistry I, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Alf Mews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- Department of Technical Chemistry I, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Department of Physics and Center for Hybrid Nanostructure (CHyN), University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg 20146, Germany.,CIC Biomagune, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Indranath Chakraborty
- Department of Physics and Center for Hybrid Nanostructure (CHyN), University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Gharib M, Galchenko M, Klinke C, Parak WJ, Chakraborty I. Mechanistic insights and selected synthetic routes of atomically precise metal nanoclusters. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gharib
- Fachbereich Physik Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN) Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany
- Radiation Biology Department Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Christian Klinke
- Institute of Physics University of Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Strasse 23 Rostock Germany
- Department of Chemistry Swansea University – Singleton Park Swansea UK
| | - Wolfgang J. Parak
- Fachbereich Physik Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN) Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany
- CIC Biomagune San Sebastian Spain
| | - Indranath Chakraborty
- Fachbereich Physik Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN) Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany
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7
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Kunwar P, Soman P. Direct Laser Writing of Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters: A Review of Methods and Applications. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7325-7342. [PMID: 33134885 PMCID: PMC7595336 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c01339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) are nanomaterials of size of less than 2 nm that exhibit a set of unique physical, chemical, optical, and electronic properties. Because of recent interest in NCs, a great deal of effort is being made to develop synthetic routes that allow control over the NC size, shape, geometry, and properties. Direct laser writing is one of the few synthesis methods that allow the generation of photostable NCs with high quantum yield in a highly controlled fashion. A key advantage of laser-written NCs is the ability to create easy-to-use solid-state devices for a range of applications. This review will present necessary background and recent advances in laser writing of silver NCs and their applications in different solid-state matrixes such as glass, zeolites, and polymer substrate. This topic will be of interest to researchers in the fields of materials science, optics and photonics, chemistry, and biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puskal Kunwar
- Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Pranav Soman
- Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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8
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Yin MM, Chen WQ, Lu YQ, Han JY, Liu Y, Jiang FL. A model beyond protein corona: thermodynamics and binding stoichiometries of the interactions between ultrasmall gold nanoclusters and proteins. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:4573-4585. [PMID: 32043104 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09170j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) will inevitably interact with proteins and form protein coronas once they are exposed to biological fluids. This conventional model for nano-bio interactions has been used for over twenty years. Growing numbers of new nanomaterials are emerging every year. Among them, noble metal nanoclusters (NMNCs) are new types of fluorescent nanomaterials with considerable advantages in biomedical applications. Compared with NPs (typically >10 nm) like Au NPs, carbon nanotubes, etc., NMNCs have ultrasmall sizes (∼2 nm), so when NMNCs are exposed to biological milieu, will they form protein coronas like NPs? Due to a lack of characterization techniques for ultrasmall nanoparticles (USNPs), to date, studies on the binding stoichiometries of USNPs to proteins have been heavily hampered. To address this challenge, we combined the characteristics of various methods and selected human serum albumin (HSA) and transferrin (Trf) as model proteins to study their interactions with dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) protected gold nanoclusters (DHLA-AuNCs). Steady-state fluorescence, transient fluorescence spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) were used to study the thermodynamic parameters (K, ΔH, ΔS, ΔG) and interaction mechanisms. The results showed that the intrinsic fluorescence of both proteins was quenched by DHLA-AuNCs, and the quenching process of HSA was an endothermic dynamic process. In contrast, the quenching process of Trf was an exothermic static process. The combination of ITC, agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and zeta potential showed that one HSA could bind 8 ± 1 DHLA-AuNCs and one Trf could bind 7 ± 2 DHLA-AuNCs, which was quite different from the conventional model of protein coronas. Based on these findings, the "protein complex" was termed for proteins upon binding with USNPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that DHLA-AuNCs could induce the agglomeration of proteins. Circular dichroism (CD) and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy showed that DHLA-AuNCs had a very minor effect on the secondary structures of HSA and Trf, which demonstrated the good biocompatibility of DHLA-AuNCs at the molecular scale. This work has shed light on a new interaction model beyond the protein corona, indicating a possible biological identity of USNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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9
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Du Y, Sheng H, Astruc D, Zhu M. Atomically Precise Noble Metal Nanoclusters as Efficient Catalysts: A Bridge between Structure and Properties. Chem Rev 2019; 120:526-622. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Du
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Hongting Sheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Didier Astruc
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Talence 33405 Cedex, France
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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10
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Niihori Y, Yoshida K, Hossain S, Kurashige W, Negishi Y. Deepening the Understanding of Thiolate-Protected Metal Clusters Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kana Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Sakiat Hossain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Wataru Kurashige
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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11
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Value-added anticancer reactivity of sub-5 nm Ag-drug nanoparticles derived from organosilver(I) MOF. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Yang Y, Ren S, Zhang X, Yu Y, Liu C, Yang J, Miao L. Safety and efficacy of PLGA(Ag-Fe 3O 4)-coated dental implants in inhibiting bacteria adherence and osteogenic inducement under a magnetic field. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3751-3762. [PMID: 29988768 PMCID: PMC6030938 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s159860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The placement of dental implants is performed in a contaminated surgical field in the oral cavity, which may lead to implant failure. Bacterial adhesion and proliferation (Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis) often lead to implant infections. Although Ag nanoparticles hold great promise for a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities, their runoff from dental implants compromises their antibacterial efficacy and potentially impairs osteoblast proliferation. Thus, this aspect remains a primary challenge and should be controlled. Materials and methods In this study, PLGA(Ag-Fe3O4) was modified on the implanted tooth surface and was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The magnetic and antibacterial properties were also determined. Results Results showed that Ag successfully bonded with Fe3O4, and Ag-Fe3O4 not only exerted superparamagnetism but also exhibited antibacterial activity almost identical to silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag). The PLGA(Ag-Fe3O4) coating could significantly maintain the antibacterial activity and avoid bacterial adhesion to the implant. Compared with the blank control group, PLGA(Ag-Fe3O4) under magnetic field-coated samples had a significantly lower amount of colonized S. mutans (P<0.01). Osteoblast proliferation results showed that the coated samples did not exhibit cytotoxicity and could promote osteoblast proliferation as shown by MTT, alkaline phosphatase, and the nucleolar organizer region count. Conclusion We developed a novel Ag biologically compatible nanoparticle in this study without compromising the nano-Ag antibacterial activity, which provided continuous antibacterial action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yijun Yu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics,
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Chen C, Xia DL, Guo LY, Chen YP, Li XD, Wang YF, Zhang D, Wang YY, Zhang YX, He H, Gu HY. Extracorporeal magnetic approach to reduce the unwanted side-effects and improve antibacterial activity of Ag/Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposites in rat. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:2029-2036. [PMID: 29076251 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While Ag nanoparticles hold great promise for broad spectrum antibacterial activity, the potential risks of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on human health remain a challenge. In this study, Ag/Fe3 O4 composites have been successfully prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and their magnetic and antibacterial properties have been assessed. In vivo results show that the antibacterial effect of 500 μg/mL Ag/Fe3 O4 nanocomposites was significantly higher than that of 1000 μg/mL AgNPs after 72 h of treatment (p < 0.01). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining showed that squamous epithelium and dermis collagen fibers formed in the Ag/Fe3 O4 group after 8 days treatment. Wound closure was significantly better for the Ag/Fe3 O4 group than for the AgNPs group. On the other hand, there was less Ag in blood, liver, and kidney in the Ag/Fe3 O4 group, as more Ag was retained in the wound. According to lactate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and reactive oxygen species results, Ag/Fe3 O4 nanocomposites caused less unwanted side-effects. This work presents a new paradigm to reduce the unwanted side-effects of AgNPs and improve their antibacterial activity, providing a new avenue for wound healing. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2029-2036, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dong-Lin Xia
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ling-Yan Guo
- Institue of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan-Pei Chen
- Xinling College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Nantong Tongda Chemicals Safety Evaluation Center Co. LTD, Nantong, China
| | - Yu-Fei Wang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yu-Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hong He
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hai-Ying Gu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Nantong Tongda Chemicals Safety Evaluation Center Co. LTD, Nantong, China
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14
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Khatun E, Ghosh A, Ghosh D, Chakraborty P, Nag A, Mondal B, Chennu S, Pradeep T. [Ag 59(2,5-DCBT) 32] 3-: a new cluster and a precursor for three well-known clusters. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8240-8248. [PMID: 28581554 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01670k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a new silver cluster, [Ag59(2,5-DCBT)32]3- (I) (2,5-DCBT: 2,5-dichlorobenzenethiol), which acts as a precursor for the synthesis of three well-known silver clusters, [Ag44(2,4-DCBT/4-FTP)30]4- (II) (4-FTP: 4-fluorothiophenol and 2,4-DCBT: 2,4-dichlorobenzenethiol), [Ag25(2,4-DMBT)18]- (III) (2,4-DMBT: 2,4-dimethylbenzenethiol) and [Ag29(1,3-BDT)12(PPh3)4]3- (IV) (1,3-BDT: 1,3-benzenedithiol and PPh3: triphenylphosphine). This newly synthesized silver cluster, I, is characterized using UV-vis absorption studies, high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) and other analytical tools. The optical absorption spectrum shows distinct features which are completely different from the previously reported silver clusters. We perform the rapid transformations of I to other well-known clusters II, III and IV by reaction with different thiols. The time-dependent UV-vis and ESI MS measurements reveal that I dissociates into distinct thiolate entities in the presence of thiols and the thiolates recombine to produce different clusters. The conversion mechanism is found to be quite different from the previous reports where it occurs through the initial formation of ligand exchanged products. Here, we also show the synthesis of a different cluster core, [Ag44(2,4-DCBT)30]4- (IIa) using 2,4-DCBT, a structural isomer of 2,5-DCBT under the same synthetic conditions used for I. This observation demonstrates the effect of isomeric thiols on controlling the size of silver clusters. The conversion of one cluster to several other clusters under ambient conditions and the effect of ligand structure in silver cluster synthesis give new insights into the cluster chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Khatun
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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15
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Chakraborty I, Pradeep T. Atomically Precise Clusters of Noble Metals: Emerging Link between Atoms and Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2017; 117:8208-8271. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1305] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indranath Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST
UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST
UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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16
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Organic matrices, ionic liquids, and organic matrices@nanoparticles assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Jin JC, Wu XJ, Xu J, Wang BB, Jiang FL, Liu Y. Ultrasmall silver nanoclusters: Highly efficient antibacterial activity and their mechanisms. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:247-257. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00717a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We study the antibacterial activities of bifunctional fluorescent DHLA-AgNCs against three types of bacteria, and the antibacterial mechanisms against differentE. colistrains are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Bei-Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
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18
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Shen DF, Wu SS, Wang RR, Zhang Q, Ren ZJ, Liu H, Guo HD, Gao GG. A Silver(I)-Estrogen Nanocluster: GSH Sensitivity and Targeting Suppression on HepG2 Cell. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:6153-6159. [PMID: 27717147 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A structure-determined silver nanocluster of [Ag10 (Eth)4 (CF3 COO)6 (CH3 OH)3 ]·3C-H3 OH (Eth = ethisterone) (1), is firstly demonstrated by self-assembly of silver salt and ethisterone. Due to the thiophilicity of silver(I) ions, complex 1 shows reactivity with glutathione (GSH) molecules in solution and induces the fluorescence quenching behavior. Thus, complex 1 can be used as a fluorescent sensor for GSH. In consideration of the higher level of GSH in cancerous cells, complex 1 presents significant tumor suppression reactivity toward the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells with IC50 value of 165 × 10-9 m. Especially, complex 1 displays 3.4-fold higher in vitro cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells than that of the normal CCC-HEL-1 cells, which makes complex 1 a potential targeting suppression agent for cancerous cells. The molecular design of complex 1 not only generates a new medicine-silver(I) cluster family, but also opens a new avenue to the targeting anticancer organosilver(I) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Feng Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- The Central Hospital of Jiamusi City, Jiamusi, 154002, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Zhong-Juan Ren
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Hua-Dong Guo
- Chemistry Department, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Guang-Gang Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
- Chemistry Department, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
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19
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Yu Y, Mok BYL, Loh XJ, Tan YN. Rational Design of Biomolecular Templates for Synthesizing Multifunctional Noble Metal Nanoclusters toward Personalized Theranostic Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1844-59. [PMID: 27377035 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecule-templated or biotemplated metal nanoclusters (NCs) are ultrasmall (<2 nm) metal (Au, Ag) particles stabilized by a certain type of biomolecular template (e.g., peptides, proteins, and DNA). Due to their unique physiochemical properties, biotemplated metal NCs have been widely used in sensing, imaging, delivery and therapy. The overwhelming applications in these individual areas imply the great promise of harnessing biotemplated metal NCs in more advanced biomedical aspects such as theranostics. Although applications of biotemplated metal NCs as theranostic agents are trending, the rational design of biomolecular templates suitable for the synthesis of multifunctional metal NCs for theranostics is comparatively underexplored. This progress report first identifies the essential attributes of biotemplated metal NCs for theranostics by reviewing the state-of-art applications in each of the four modalities of theranostics, namely sensing, imaging, delivery and therapy. To achieve high efficacy in these modalities, we elucidate the design principles underlying the use of biomolecules (proteins, peptides and nucleic acids) to control the NC size, emission color and surface chemistries for post-functionalization of therapeutic moieties. We then propose a unified strategy to engineer biomolecular templates that combine all these modalities to produce multifunctional biotemplated metal NCs that can serve as the next-generation personalized theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis 138634 Singapore
| | - Beverly Y. L. Mok
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis 138634 Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis 138634 Singapore
| | - Yen Nee Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis 138634 Singapore
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20
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Wang Y, Wan XK, Ren L, Su H, Li G, Malola S, Lin S, Tang Z, Häkkinen H, Teo BK, Wang QM, Zheng N. Atomically Precise Alkynyl-Protected Metal Nanoclusters as a Model Catalyst: Observation of Promoting Effect of Surface Ligands on Catalysis by Metal Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3278-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xian-Kai Wan
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liting Ren
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haifeng Su
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Gang Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Sami Malola
- Departments
of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä FI-40014Finland
| | - Shuichao Lin
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zichao Tang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Departments
of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä FI-40014Finland
| | - Boon K Teo
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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21
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Baksi A, Harvey SR, Natarajan G, Wysocki VH, Pradeep T. Possible isomers in ligand protected Ag11cluster ions identified by ion mobility mass spectrometry and fragmented by surface induced dissociation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3805-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09119e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Isomeric glutathione protected silver clusters have been detected using ion mobility mass spectrometry. This cluster has been fragmented by conventional collision induced dissociation and newly introduced surface induced dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Baksi
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS)
- and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai - 600 036
| | - Sophie R. Harvey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
- School of Chemistry
| | - Ganapati Natarajan
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS)
- and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai - 600 036
| | - Vicki H. Wysocki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS)
- and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai - 600 036
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22
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Tominaga C, Hasegawa H, Yamashita K, Arakawa R, Kawasaki H. UV photo-mediated size-focusing synthesis of silver nanoclusters. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10892j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we first report the photo-mediated size-focusing synthesis of glutathione (SG)-protected atomically precise Ag nanoclusters (Ag NCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Tominaga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering
- Kansai University
- Suita 564-8680
- Japan
| | - H. Hasegawa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering
- Kansai University
- Suita 564-8680
- Japan
| | - K. Yamashita
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering
- Kansai University
- Suita 564-8680
- Japan
| | - R. Arakawa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering
- Kansai University
- Suita 564-8680
- Japan
| | - H. Kawasaki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering
- Kansai University
- Suita 564-8680
- Japan
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23
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Yang S, Zhou C, Cai XJ. Glutathione-triggered luminescent silver nanoparticle: A urinary clearable nanoparticle for potential clinical practice. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:751-755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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24
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Huang RW, Xu QQ, Lu HL, Guo XK, Zang SQ, Gao GG, Tang MS, Mak TCW. Self-assembly of an unprecedented polyoxomolybdate anion [Mo20O66]12- in a giant peanut-like 62-core silver-thiolate nanocluster. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:7151-7154. [PMID: 25811751 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00171d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A polyoxometalate-templated silver thiolate nanocluster, [Ag62(S(t)Bu)40(Mo20O66)(Mo6O19)3(CH3CN)2]·(CF3SO3)4 (1), has been isolated, in which a giant peanut-like silver(i)-thiolate cluster [Ag62(S(t)Bu)40](22+) encapsulates an unprecedented [Mo20O66](12-) polyoxoanion core. It opens a new approach for the synthesis of both elusive polyoxometalates and high-nuclearity silver(i)-thiolate nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Wu Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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25
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Green photochemical synthesis of fluorescent carbon spheres in-situ enwrapped around Ag nanoparticles. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-014-5254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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26
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Zheng K, Yuan X, Kuah K, Luo Z, Yao Q, Zhang Q, Xie J. Boiling water synthesis of ultrastable thiolated silver nanoclusters with aggregation-induced emission. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15165-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04858c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Boiling water synthesis of core–shell Ag(0)@Ag(i)–thiolate structured Ag NCs with a strong red luminescenceviaaggregation-induced-emission (AIE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Xun Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Kavan Kuah
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Zhentao Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Qiaofeng Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
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27
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Lin YJ, Chen PC, Yuan Z, Ma JY, Chang HT. The isomeric effect of mercaptobenzoic acids on the preparation and fluorescence properties of copper nanoclusters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11983-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02342d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) aggregates prepared from copper nitrate and mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) isomers show differential optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jyun Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Zhiqin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ying Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
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28
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Sarkar S, Chakraborty I, Panwar MK, Pradeep T. Isolation and Tandem Mass Spectrometric Identification of a Stable Monolayer Protected Silver-Palladium Alloy Cluster. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3757-3762. [PMID: 26278746 DOI: 10.1021/jz5019509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A selenolate-protected Ag-Pd alloy cluster was synthesized using a one-pot solution-phase route. The crude product upon chromatographic analyses under optimized conditions gave three distinct clusters with unique optical features. One of these exhibits a molecular peak centered at m/z 2839, in its negative ion mass spectrum assigned to Ag5Pd4(SePh)12(-), having an exact match with the corresponding calculated spectrum. Tandem mass spectrometry of the molecular ion peak up to MS(9) was performed. Complex isotope distributions in each of the mass peaks confirmed the alloy composition. We find the Ag3Pd3(-) core to be highly stable. The composition was further supported by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreya Sarkar
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Indranath Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Panwar
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - T Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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29
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Chakraborty I, Pradeep T. Reversible formation of Ag₄₄ from selenolates. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14190-14194. [PMID: 25342431 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03267e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The cluster Ag₄₄SePh₃₀, originally prepared from silver selenolate, upon oxidative decomposition by H₂O₂ gives the same cluster back, in an apparently reversible synthesis. Such an unusual phenomenon was not seen for the corresponding thiolate analogues. From several characterization studies such as mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, etc., it has been confirmed that the degraded and as-synthesized selenolates are the same in nature, which leads to the reversible process. The possibility of making clusters from the degraded material makes cluster synthesis economical. This observation makes one to consider cluster synthesis to be a reversible chemical process, at least for selenolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranath Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
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30
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Zheng K, Yuan X, Goswami N, Zhang Q, Xie J. Recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of ultrasmall thiolated silver nanoclusters. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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31
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Jin S, Wang S, Song Y, Zhou M, Zhong J, Zhang J, Xia A, Pei Y, Chen M, Li P, Zhu M. Crystal structure and optical properties of the [Ag62S12(SBu(t))32](2+) nanocluster with a complete face-centered cubic kernel. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15559-65. [PMID: 25343538 DOI: 10.1021/ja506773d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the [Ag62S12(SBu(t))32](2+) nanocluster (denoted as NC-I) has been successfully determined, and it shows a complete face-centered-cubic (FCC) Ag14 core structure with a Ag48(SBu(t))32 shell configuration interconnected by 12 sulfide ions, which is similar to the [Ag62S13(SBu(t))32](4+) structure (denoted as NC-II for short) reported by Wang. Interestingly, NC-I exhibits prominent differences in the optical properties in comparison with the case of the NC-II nanocluster. We employed femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to further identify the differences between the two nanoclusters. The results show that the quenching of photoluminescence in NC-I in comparison to that of NC-II is caused by the free valence electrons, which dramatically change the ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT, S 3p → Ag 5s). To get further insight into these, we carried out time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations on the electronic structure and optical absorption spectra of NC-I and NC-II. These findings offer a new insight into the structure and property evolution of silver cluster materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University , Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
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32
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Chakraborty I, Erusappan J, Govindarajan A, Sugi KS, Udayabhaskararao T, Ghosh A, Pradeep T. Emergence of metallicity in silver clusters in the 150 atom regime: a study of differently sized silver clusters. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:8024-31. [PMID: 24905949 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00679h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the systematic appearance of a plasmon-like optical absorption feature in silver clusters protected with 2-phenylethanethiol (PET), 4-flurothiophenol (4-FTP) and (4-(t-butyl)benzenethiol (BBS) as a function of cluster size. A wide range of clusters, namely, Ag₄₄(4-FTP)₃₀, Ag₅₅(PET)₃₁, ∼Ag₇₅(PET)₄₀, ∼Ag₁₁₄(PET)₄₆, Ag₁₅₂(PET)₆₀, ∼Ag₂₀₂(BBS)₇₀, ∼Ag₄₂₃(PET)₁₀₅, and ∼Ag₅₃₀(PET)₁₀₀ were prepared. The UV/Vis spectra show multiple features up to ∼Ag₁₁₄; and thereafter, from Ag₁₅₂ onwards, the plasmonic feature corresponding to a single peak at ∼460 nm evolves, which points to the emergence of metallicity in clusters composed of ∼150 metal atoms. A minor blue shift in the plasmonic peak was observed as cluster sizes increased and merged with the spectrum of plasmonic nanoparticles of 4.8 nm diameter protected with PET. Clusters with different ligands, such as 4-FTP and BBS, also show this behavior, which suggests that the 'emergence of metallicity' is independent of the functionality of the thiol ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranath Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
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Chakraborty I, Mahata S, Mitra A, De G, Pradeep T. Controlled synthesis and characterization of the elusive thiolated Ag55cluster. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:17904-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02476a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A stable, Ag55cluster protected with 4-(tert-butyl)benzyl mercaptan (BBSH) was synthesized through a solid state route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranath Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Shrabani Mahata
- National Institute of Science and Technology
- Berhampur, India
| | - Anuradha Mitra
- CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramics Research Institute
- Kolkata, India
| | - Goutam De
- CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramics Research Institute
- Kolkata, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036, India
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Chakraborty I, Kurashige W, Kanehira K, Gell L, Häkkinen H, Negishi Y, Pradeep T. Ag44(SeR)30: A Hollow Cage Silver Cluster with Selenolate Protection. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:3351-3355. [PMID: 26706648 DOI: 10.1021/jz401879c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Selenolate protected, stable and atomically precise, hollow silver cluster was synthesized using solid state as well as solution state routes. The optical absorption spectrum shows multiple and sharp features similar to the thiolated Ag44 cluster, Ag44(SR)30 whose experimental structure was reported recently. High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESI MS) shows well-defined molecular ion features with two, three, and four ions with isotopic resolution, due to Ag44(SePh)30. Additional characterization with diverse tools confirmed the composition. The closed-shell 18 electron superatom electronic structure, analogous to Ag44(SR)30 stabilizes the dodecahedral cage with a large HOMO-LUMO gap of 0.71 eV. The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) prediction of the optical absorption spectrum, assuming the Ag44(SR)30 structure, matches the experimental data, confirming the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranath Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Wataru Kurashige
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Keita Kanehira
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Lars Gell
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä , Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä , Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Bertorelle F, Hamouda R, Rayane D, Broyer M, Antoine R, Dugourd P, Gell L, Kulesza A, Mitrić R, Bonačić-Koutecký V. Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of low nuclearity liganded silver clusters: Ag31(SG)19 and Ag15(SG)11. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:5637-5643. [PMID: 23685431 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00677h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple synthesis of silver:glutathione (Ag:SG) clusters using a cyclic reduction under oxidative conditions. Two syntheses are described which lead to solutions containing well-defined Ag31(SG)19 and Ag15(SG)11 clusters that have been characterized by mass spectrometry. The optical properties of silver:glutathione (Ag:SG) cluster solutions have been investigated experimentally. In particular, the solution containing Ag15(SG)11 clusters shows a bright and photostable emission. For Ag31(SG)19 and Ag15(SG)11 clusters, the comparison of experimental findings with DFT and TDDFT calculations allowed us to reveal the structural and electronic properties of such low nuclearity liganded silver clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Bertorelle
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
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Yuan X, Yao Q, Yu Y, Luo Z, Dou X, Xie J. Traveling through the Desalting Column Spontaneously Transforms Thiolated Ag Nanoclusters from Nonluminescent to Highly Luminescent. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1811-1815. [PMID: 26283113 DOI: 10.1021/jz400807u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This letter reports an unexpected observation in the purification of ultrasmall (<2 nm) thiolate-protected Ag nanoclusters (NCs) via a common separation technique (e.g., desalting column and ultrafiltration), where the nonluminescent Ag NCs were spontaneously transformed to highly luminescent NCs during the separation. This interesting finding was then used to develop a facile and fast (<5 min) synthesis method for highly luminescent Ag NCs. The key strategy was to use the separation process to selectively remove small species (e.g., salts and excess protecting ligands) from the Ag NC solution, which induced a size or structure-focusing of Ag NCs in the solution, leading to the formation of highly luminescent Ag NCs. The concurrent synthesis and purification of highly luminescent Ag NCs via a common "physical separation unit" could be further advanced in a continuous mode for large-scale production of luminescent Ag NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore
| | - Qiaofeng Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore
| | - Zhentao Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore
| | - Xinyue Dou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore
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Udayabhaskararao T, Pradeep T. New Protocols for the Synthesis of Stable Ag and Au Nanocluster Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1553-1564. [PMID: 26282314 DOI: 10.1021/jz400332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
"Catching" metals in the nonmetallic form in solution, as they grow to bulk, is one of the most exciting areas of contemporary materials research. A new kind of stabilization to catch the nonmetallic form of noble metals with small thiols has evolved as an exciting area of synthesis during the past decade. Gold clusters stay in the frontline of this research, yielding new "molecules" composed of a few to several hundreds of atoms. By taking guidelines from gold cluster research, various new protocols for silver nanoclusters were developed. In this Perspective, we highlight the recent advances on the synthesis of atomically precise silver, gold, and their alloy clusters with a special emphasis on silver. As a result of intense efforts of the recent past, clusters such as Ag7,8(SR)7,8, Ag7(-S-R-S-)4, Ag9(SR)7, Ag32(SR)19, Ag44(SR)30, Ag140(SR)53, Ag280(SR)140, and Ag152(SR)60 (SR and S-R-S refer to thiolate and dithiolate ligands, respectively) were added to the literature. Moreover, "silver-covered" and "gold-covered" alloy clusters have also been synthesized. Early reports of the crystallization of such clusters are available. Several of these clusters are shown to act as sensors, catalysts, and pesticide degradation agents, which suggests that these materials may find applications in daily life in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Udayabhaskararao
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - T Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Yuan X, Luo Z, Yu Y, Yao Q, Xie J. Luminescent noble metal nanoclusters as an emerging optical probe for sensor development. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:858-71. [PMID: 23512702 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201201236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, highly luminescent noble metal nanoclusters (e.g., Au and Ag NCs or Au/Ag NCs in short) have emerged as a class of promising optical probes for the construction of high-performance optical sensors because of their ultrasmall size (<2 nm), strong luminescence, good photostability, excellent biocompatibility, and unique metal-core@ligand-shell structure. In this Focus Review, we briefly summarize the common syntheses for water-soluble highly-luminescent thiolate- and protein-protected Au/Ag NCs and their interesting luminescence properties, highlight recent progress in their use as optical sensors with an emphasis on the mechanisms underlying their selectivity, and finally discuss approaches to improving their sensitivity. The scope of the works surveyed is confined to highly luminescent thiolate- and protein-protected Au/Ag NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 119260 (Singapore)
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Chakraborty I, Udayabhaskararao T, Deepesh GK, Pradeep T. Sunlight mediated synthesis and antibacterial properties of monolayer protected silver clusters. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:4059-4064. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20603c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chakraborty I, Govindarajan A, Erusappan J, Ghosh A, Pradeep T, Yoon B, Whetten RL, Landman U. The superstable 25 kDa monolayer protected silver nanoparticle: measurements and interpretation as an icosahedral Ag152(SCH2CH2Ph)60 cluster. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:5861-5866. [PMID: 23094944 DOI: 10.1021/nl303220x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A cluster obtained in high yield from the reduction of a silver-thiolate precursor, Ag-SCH(2)CH(2)Ph, exhibited a single sharp peak near 25 kDa in the matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrum (MALDI MS) and a well-defined metal core of ~2 nm measured with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cluster yields a single fraction in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Increased laser fluence fragments the cluster until a new peak near 19 kDa predominates, suggesting that the parent cluster-Ag(152)(SCH(2)CH(2)Ph)(60)-evolves into a stable inorganic core-Ag(152)S(60). Exploiting combined insights from investigations of clusters and surface science, a core-shell structure model was developed, with a 92-atom silver core having icosahedral-dodecahedral symmetry and an encapsulating protective shell containing 60 Ag atoms and 60 thiolates arranged in a network of six-membered rings resembling the geometry found in self-assembled monolayers on Ag(111). The structure is in agreement with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data. The protective layer encapsulating this silver cluster may be the smallest known three-dimensional self-assembled monolayer. First-principles electronic structure calculations show, for the geometry-optimized structure, the development of a ~0.4 eV energy gap between the highest-occupied and lowest-unoccupied states, originating from a superatom 90-electron shell-closure and conferring stability to the cluster. The optical absorption spectrum of the cluster resembles that of plasmonic silver nanoparticles with a broad single feature peaking at 460 nm, but the luminescence spectrum shows two maxima with one attributed to the ligated shell and the other to the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranath Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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